1
|
Wang B, Huang D, Cao C, Gong Y. Insect α-Amylases and Their Application in Pest Management. Molecules 2023; 28:7888. [PMID: 38067617 PMCID: PMC10708458 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Amylase is an indispensable hydrolase in insect growth and development. Its varied enzymatic parameters cause insects to have strong stress resistance. Amylase gene replication is a very common phenomenon in insects, and different copies of amylase genes enable changes in its location and function. In addition, the classification, structure, and interaction between insect amylase inhibitors and amylases have also invoked the attention of researchers. Some plant-derived amylase inhibitors have inhibitory activities against insect amylases and even mammalian amylases. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have clarified the effects of pesticides on the amylase activity of target and non-target pests, which provides a theoretical basis for exploring safe and efficient pesticides, while the exact lethal mechanisms and safety in field applications remain unclear. Here, we summarize the most recent advances in insect amylase studies, including its sequence and characteristics and the regulation of amylase inhibitors (α-AIs). Importantly, the application of amylases as the nanocide trigger, RNAi, or other kinds of pesticide targets will be discussed. A comprehensive foundation will be provided for applying insect amylases to the development of new-generation insect management tools and improving the specificity, stability, and safety of pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chunxia Cao
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (B.W.)
| | - Yan Gong
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (B.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rhimi M, Da Lage JL, Haser R, Feller G, Aghajari N. Structural and Functional Characterization of Drosophila melanogaster α-Amylase. Molecules 2023; 28:5327. [PMID: 37513201 PMCID: PMC10384113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects rely on carbohydrates such as starch and glycogen as an energy supply for growth of larvae and for longevity. In this sense α-amylases have essential roles under extreme conditions, e.g., during nutritional or temperature stress, thereby contributing to survival of the insect. This makes them interesting targets for combating insect pests. Drosophila melanogaster α-amylase, DMA, which belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 13, sub family 15, has been studied from an evolutionary, biochemical, and structural point of view. Our studies revealed that the DMA enzyme is active over a broad temperature and pH range, which is in agreement with the fluctuating environmental changes with which the insect is confronted. Crystal structures disclosed a new nearly fully solvated metal ion, only coordinated to the protein via Gln263. This residue is only conserved in the subgroup of D. melanogaster and may thus contribute to the enzyme adaptive response to large temperature variations. Studies of the effect of plant inhibitors and the pseudo-tetrasaccharide inhibitor acarbose on DMA activity, allowed us to underline the important role of the so-called flexible loop on activity/inhibition, but also to suggest that the inhibition modes of the wheat inhibitors WI-1 and WI-3 on DMA, are likely different.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moez Rhimi
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR5086, CNRS, University of Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon, CEDEX 07, France
| | - Jean-Luc Da Lage
- Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie, UMR 9191 University Paris-Saclay-CNRS-IRD, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Richard Haser
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR5086, CNRS, University of Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon, CEDEX 07, France
| | - Georges Feller
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Center for Protein Engineering-InBioS, Institute of Chemistry B6a, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nushin Aghajari
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR5086, CNRS, University of Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon, CEDEX 07, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Temperature and pH Profiling of Extracellular Amylase from Antarctic and Arctic Soil Microfungi. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8110601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
While diversity studies and screening for enzyme activities are important elements of understanding fungal roles in the soil ecosystem, extracting and purifying the target enzyme from the fungal cellular system is also required to characterize the enzyme. This is, in particular, necessary before developing the enzyme for industrial-scale production. In the present study, partially purified α-amylase was obtained from strains of Pseudogymnoascus sp. obtained from Antarctic and Arctic locations. Partially purified α-amylases from these polar fungi exhibited very similar characteristics, including being active at 15 °C, although having a small difference in optimum pH. Both fungal taxa are good candidates for the potential application of cold-active enzymes in biotechnological industries, and further purification and characterization steps are now required. The α-amylases from polar fungi are attractive in terms of industrial development because they are active at lower temperatures and acidic pH, thus potentially creating energy and cost savings. Furthermore, they prevent the production of maltulose, which is an undesirable by-product often formed under alkaline conditions. Psychrophilic amylases from the polar Pseudogymnoascus sp. investigated in the present study could provide a valuable future contribution to biotechnological applications.
Collapse
|
4
|
Toward a More Comprehensive View of α-Amylase across Decapods Crustaceans. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10100947. [PMID: 34681046 PMCID: PMC8533441 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Decapod crustaceans are a very diverse group and have evolved to suit a wide variety of diets. Alpha-amylases enzymes, responsible for starch and glycogen digestion, have been more thoroughly studied in herbivore and omnivore than in carnivorous species. We used information on the α-amylase of a carnivorous lobster as a connecting thread to provide a more comprehensive view of α-amylases across decapods crustaceans. Omnivorous crustaceans such as shrimps, crabs, and crayfish present relatively high amylase activity with respect to carnivorous crustaceans. Yet, contradictory results have been obtained and relatively high activity in some carnivores has been suggested to be a remnant trait from ancestor species. Here, we provided information sustaining that high enzyme sequence and overall architecture conservation do not allow high changes in activity, and that differences among species may be more related to number of genes and isoforms, as well as transcriptional and secretion regulation. However, recent evolutionary analyses revealed that positive selection might have also occurred among distant lineages with feeding habits as a selection force. Some biochemical features of decapod α-amylases can be related with habitat or gut conditions, while less clear patterns are observed for other enzyme properties. Likewise, while molt cycle variations in α-amylase activity are rather similar among species, clear relationships between activity and diet shifts through development cannot be always observed. Regarding the adaptation of α-amylase to diet, juveniles seem to exhibit more flexibility than larvae, and it has been described variation in α-amylase activity or number of isoforms due to the source of carbohydrate and its level in diets, especially in omnivore species. In the carnivorous lobster, however, no influence of the type of carbohydrate could be observed. Moreover, lobsters were not able to fine-regulate α-amylase gene expression in spite of large changes in carbohydrate content of diet, while retaining some capacity to adapt α-amylase activity to very low carbohydrate content in the diets. In this review, we raised arguments for the need of more studies on the α-amylases of less studied decapods groups, including carnivorous species which rely more on dietary protein and lipids, to broaden our view of α-amylase in decapods crustaceans.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chávez-Rodríguez L, Rodríguez-Viera L, Montero-Alejo V, Perdomo-Morales R, Mancera JM, Perera E. A Very Active α-Amylase and an Inhibitor-Based
Control of Proteinases Are Key Features of Digestive Biochemistry
of the Omnivorous Caribbean King Crab Maguimithrax
spinosissimus. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093020060083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
6
|
Shirodkar PV, Muraleedharan UD, Damare S, Raghukumar S. A Mesohaline Thraustochytrid Produces Extremely Halophilic Alpha-Amylases. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:403-410. [PMID: 32172475 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Halophilic bacteria are well known to produce highly salt-tolerant enzymes that have unusual applications in biotechnology. Production of halophilic proteins is generally not expected in mesohaline microorganisms. Ulkenia sp. AH-2, a mesohaline, marine straminipilan thraustochytrid isolated from waters of a mangrove ecosystem, produces halophilic alpha-amylases. Four enzyme fractions, viz.., A, B, C, and D, were obtained upon ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration. These had a broad salinity tolerance ranging from 0 to 4 M NaCl, with an optimum at 3 M NaCl. Pools A, C, and D each resolved as a single band on PAGE and zymogram analysis, and the purified proteins were designated Amy a, Amy c, and Amy h. The major activity resided in "pool B," consisting of several amylases which could not be further resolved into pure fractions. Together, these had an optimum at 2 M NaCl. All the enzymes were stable to storage for 2 to 24 h at 4 °C in a range of salt concentrations and even showed enhanced activity following such incubations. True to halophilic enzymes, the complex of "pool B" amylases showed improved activity in the presence of a wide range of organic solvents at 20% concentration. These enzymes are of particular interest by virtue of their constitutive nature as well as production under culture conditions that do not require salinity beyond that of seawater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka V Shirodkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403 206, India
| | | | - Samir Damare
- National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
| | - Seshagiri Raghukumar
- Myko Tech Private Limited, 313 Vainguinnim Valley, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Trabelsi S, Sahnoun M, Elgharbi F, Ameri R, Ben Mabrouk S, Mezghani M, Hmida-Sayari A, Bejar S. Aspergillus oryzae S2 AmyA amylase expression in Pichia pastoris: production, purification and novel properties. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:921-932. [PMID: 30535895 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic cDNA-AmyA gene was cloned and successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris as a His-tagged enzyme under the methanol inducible AOX1 promoter. High level of extracellular amylase production of 72 U/mL was obtained after a 72 h induction by methanol. As expected, the recombinant strain produced only the AmyA isoform since the host is a protease deficient strain. Besides, the purified r-AmyA showed a molecular mass of 54 kDa, the same pH optimum equal to 5.6 but a higher thermoactivity of 60 °C against 50 °C for the native enzyme. Unlike AmyA which maintained 50% of its activity after a 10-min incubation at 60 °C, r-AmyA reached 45 min. The higher thermoactivity and thermostability could be related to the N-glycosylation. The r-AmyA activity was enhanced by 46% and 45% respectively in the presence of 4 mM Fe2+ and Mg2+ ions. This enzyme was more efficient in bread-making since such ions were reported to have a positive impact on the nutriment quality and the rheological characteristics of the wheat flour dough. The thermoactivity/thermostability as well as the iron and magnesium activations could also be ascribed to the presence of an additional C-terminal loop containing the His tag.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Sahnoun
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Elgharbi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rihab Ameri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Ben Mabrouk
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Monia Mezghani
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Aïda Hmida-Sayari
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Samir Bejar
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Da Lage JL. The Amylases of Insects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 10:1179543318804783. [PMID: 30305796 PMCID: PMC6176531 DOI: 10.1177/1179543318804783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-amylases are major digestive enzymes that act in the first step of maltopolysaccharide digestion. In insects, these enzymes have long been studied for applied as well as purely scientific purposes. In many species, amylases are produced by multiple gene copies. Rare species are devoid of Amy gene. They are predominantly secreted in the midgut but salivary expression is also frequent, with extraoral activity. Enzymological parameters are quite variable among insects, with visible trends according to phylogeny: Coleopteran amylases have acidic optimum activity, whereas dipteran amylases have neutral preference and lepidopteran ones have clear alkaline preference. The enzyme structure shows interesting variations shaped by evolutionary convergences, such as the recurrent loss of a loop involved in substrate handling. Many works have focused on the action of plant amylase inhibitors on pest insect amylases, in the frame of crop protection by transgenesis. It appears that sensitivity or resistance to inhibitors is finely tuned and very specific and that amylases and their inhibitors have coevolved. The multicopy feature of insect amylases appears to allow tissue-specific or stage-specific regulation, but also to broaden enzymological abilities, such as pH range, and to overcome plant inhibitory defenses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Da Lage
- UMR 9191 Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie,
CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette,
France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cruz WO, Sinhori GGC, de Lima CAR, Pontes EG. Biochemical Properties of α-Amylase from Midgut of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Larvae. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:698-708. [PMID: 29484545 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0590-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), is the main insect pest in the poultry industry, thus causing serious damage to production. In this work, the properties of midgut α-amylase from larvae of A. diaperinus were characterized, and its in vitro activity to proteinaceous preparations from different cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was determined, as well as the amylolitic activity of insects reared on different types of poultry diet. In order to establish some assay conditions, time course and enzyme concentration upon the reaction rate were determined. Product proceeded linearly with time, and the activity was directly proportional to the enzyme concentration. Banding patterns in mildly denaturing electrophoresis showed a single band with apparent molecular weight of 42 kDa. α-Amylase reached optimal temperature at 45°C and pH 5.0 as the optimal one. It maintained 34.6% of the activity after being kept at 60°C for 5 min, and 23%, after 60 min. However, at 80°C, only 14 and 6% remained after 5 and 60 min, respectively. The presence of Ca2+ and Na+ ions decreased the enzyme activity at concentrations higher than 2 and 100 mM, respectively. The activity was significantly inhibited by some proteinaceous extracts from common bean cultivars, and it declined with increasing proteinaceous concentration. No significant difference was observed when the amylolytic activity was determined in A. diaperinus reared on different poultry diets, offered to broilers in the starter, grower, finisher, and layer phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W O Cruz
- Lab de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Artrópodes Depto de Química, Univ Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Br. 465, Km 7, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brasil.
| | - G G C Sinhori
- Lab de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Artrópodes Depto de Química, Univ Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Br. 465, Km 7, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brasil
| | - C A R de Lima
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Univ Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - E G Pontes
- Lab de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Artrópodes Depto de Química, Univ Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Br. 465, Km 7, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sottirattanapan P, Nantachai K, Daduang S, Funahashi T, Yamada M. Purification and characterization of amylase from roots of Paederia foetida Linn. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
11
|
Claisse G, Feller G, Bonneau M, Da Lage JL. A single amino-acid substitution toggles chloride dependence of the alpha-amylase paralog amyrel in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila virilis species. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 75:70-77. [PMID: 27312592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In animals, most α-amylases are chloride-dependent enzymes. A chloride ion is required for allosteric activation and is coordinated by one asparagine and two arginine side chains. Whereas the asparagine and one arginine are strictly conserved, the main chloride binding arginine is replaced by a glutamine in some rare instances, resulting in the loss of chloride binding and activation. Amyrel is a distant paralogue of α-amylase in Diptera, which was not characterized biochemically to date. Amyrel shows both substitutions depending on the species. In Drosophila melanogaster, an arginine is present in the sequence but in Drosophila virilis, a glutamine occurs at this position. We have investigated basic enzymological parameters and the dependence to chloride of Amyrel of both species, produced in yeast, and in mutants substituting arginine to glutamine or glutamine to arginine. We found that the amylolytic activity of Amyrel is about thirty times weaker than the classical Drosophila α-amylase, and that the substitution of the arginine by a glutamine in D. melanogaster suppressed the chloride-dependence but was detrimental to activity. In contrast, changing the glutamine into an arginine rendered D. virilis Amyrel chloride-dependent, and interestingly, significantly increased its catalytic efficiency. These results show that the chloride ion is not mandatory for Amyrel but stimulates the reaction rate. The possible phylogenetic origin of the arginine/glutamine substitution is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Claisse
- UMR 9191 Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, CNRS, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Univ. Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Georges Feller
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Center for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège-Sart Tilman, Belgium
| | - Magalie Bonneau
- UMR 9191 Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, CNRS, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Univ. Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Luc Da Lage
- UMR 9191 Evolution, Génomes, Comportement et Ecologie, CNRS, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Univ. Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rafiei B, Ghadamyari M, Imani S, Hosseininaveh V, Ahadiyat A. Purification and characterization of α-amylase in Moroccan locust,Dociostaurus maroccanusThunberg (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and its inhibition by inhibitors fromPhaseolus vulgarisL. TOXIN REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2016.1207190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
13
|
Rodríguez-Viera L, Perera E, Martos-Sitcha JA, Perdomo-Morales R, Casuso A, Montero-Alejo V, García-Galano T, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Mancera JM. Molecular, Biochemical, and Dietary Regulation Features of α-Amylase in a Carnivorous Crustacean, the Spiny Lobster Panulirus argus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158919. [PMID: 27391425 PMCID: PMC4938498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-amylases are ubiquitously distributed throughout microbials, plants and animals. It is widely accepted that omnivorous crustaceans have higher α-amylase activity and number of isoforms than carnivorous, but contradictory results have been obtained in some species, and carnivorous crustaceans have been less studied. In addition, the physiological meaning of α-amylase polymorphism in crustaceans is not well understood. In this work we studied α-amylase in a carnivorous lobster at the gene, transcript, and protein levels. It was showed that α-amylase isoenzyme composition (i.e., phenotype) in lobster determines carbohydrate digestion efficiency. Most frequent α-amylase phenotype has the lowest digestion efficiency, suggesting this is a favoured trait. We revealed that gene and intron loss have occurred in lobster α-amylase, thus lobsters express a single 1830 bp cDNA encoding a highly conserved protein with 513 amino acids. This protein gives rise to two isoenzymes in some individuals by glycosylation but not by limited proteolysis. Only the glycosylated isoenzyme could be purified by chromatography, with biochemical features similar to other animal amylases. High carbohydrate content in diet down-regulates α-amylase gene expression in lobster. However, high α-amylase activity occurs in lobster gastric juice irrespective of diet and was proposed to function as an early sensor of the carbohydrate content of diet to regulate further gene expression. We concluded that gene/isoenzyme simplicity, post-translational modifications and low Km, coupled with a tight regulation of gene expression, have arose during evolution of α-amylase in the carnivorous lobster to control excessive carbohydrate digestion in the presence of an active α-amylase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Rodríguez-Viera
- Center for Marine Research, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
- Department of Biology, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
- * E-mail: (LRV); (EP)
| | - Erick Perera
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, ICMAN-CSIC, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
- * E-mail: (LRV); (EP)
| | | | - Rolando Perdomo-Morales
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Havana, Cuba
| | - Antonio Casuso
- Center for Marine Research, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Vivian Montero-Alejo
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Channale SM, Bhide AJ, Yadav Y, Kashyap G, Pawar PK, Maheshwari VL, Ramasamy S, Giri AP. Characterization of two coleopteran α-amylases and molecular insights into their differential inhibition by synthetic α-amylase inhibitor, acarbose. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 74:1-11. [PMID: 27132147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Post-harvest insect infestation of stored grains makes them unfit for human consumption and leads to severe economic loss. Here, we report functional and structural characterization of two coleopteran α-amylases viz. Callosobruchus chinensis α-amylase (CcAmy) and Tribolium castaneum α-amylase (TcAmy) along with their interactions with proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous α-amylase inhibitors. Secondary structural alignment of CcAmy and TcAmy with other coleopteran α-amylases revealed conserved motifs, active sites, di-sulfide bonds and two point mutations at spatially conserved substrate or inhibitor-binding sites. Homology modeling and molecular docking showed structural differences between these two enzymes. Both the enzymes had similar optimum pH values but differed in their optimum temperature. Overall, pattern of enzyme stabilities were similar under various temperature and pH conditions. Further, CcAmy and TcAmy differed in their substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency towards starch and amylopectin. HPLC analysis detected common amylolytic products like maltose and malto-triose while glucose and malto-tetrose were unique in CcAmy and TcAmy catalyzed reactions respectively. At very low concentrations, wheat α-amylase inhibitor was found to be superior over the acarbose as far as complete inhibition of amylolytic activities of CcAmy and TcAmy was concerned. Mechanism underlying differential amylolytic reaction inhibition by acarbose was discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonal M Channale
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, MS, India
| | - Amey J Bhide
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, MS, India
| | - Yashpal Yadav
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, MS, India
| | - Garima Kashyap
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, MS, India
| | - Pankaj K Pawar
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416 004, MS, India
| | - V L Maheshwari
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425 001, MS, India
| | - Sureshkumar Ramasamy
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, MS, India.
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, MS, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kaur R, Gupta AK, Taggar GK. Characterisation and inhibition studies of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) gut α-amylase. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2015; 71:1228-1237. [PMID: 25236967 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival of a devastating pest, Helicoverpa armigera, is mainly dependent on the availability of α-amylase. Therefore, characterising H. armigera α-amylase and targeting it with effective inhibitors could aid in reducing its damaging effects. RESULTS H. armigera gut possessed four isozymes of α-amylase. The molecular weight of the major purified isozyme ranged from 79 to 81 kDa. The purified enzyme was identified to be α-amylase on the basis of products formed from starch. The optimum pH and temperature were 10.0 and 50 °C respectively. The activation energy was 5.7 kcal mol(-1) . The enzyme showed high activity with starch and amylopectin, whereas dextrins were poor substrates. The Michaelis constant Km with starch, amylose and amylopectin was 0.45, 1.23 and 0.11 mg mL(-1) respectively. ZnSO4 , FeSO4 , CuSO4 , citric acid, oxalic acid and salicylic acid were potent inhibitors. ZnSO4 , salicylic acid and pigeonpea α-amylase inhibitor (∼21.0 kDa) acted primarily as competitive inhibitors, FeSO4 and citric acid displayed mainly anticompetitive behaviour, while CuSO4 and oxalic acid behaved mainly as non-competitive inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS The identification of effective ecofriendly inhibitors could help in managing H. armigera infestation. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rimaljeet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Anil K Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Gaurav K Taggar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kaur R, Kaur N, Gupta AK. Structural features, substrate specificity, kinetic properties of insect α-amylase and specificity of plant α-amylase inhibitors. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 116:83-93. [PMID: 25454524 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Amylase is an important digestive enzyme required for the optimal growth and development of insects. Several insect α-amylases had been purified and their physical and chemical properties were characterized. Insect α-amylases of different orders display variability in structure, properties and substrate specificity. Such diverse properties of amylases could be due to different feeding habits and gut environment of insects. KEY POINTS In this review, structural features and properties of several insect α-amylases were compared. This could be helpful in exploring the diversity in characteristics of α-amylase between the members of the same class (insecta). Properties like pH optima are reflected in enzyme structural features. In plants, α-amylase inhibitors (α-AIs) occur as part of natural defense mechanisms against pests by interfering in their digestion process and thus could also provide access to new pest management strategies. AIs are quite specific in their action; therefore, these could be employed according to their effectiveness against target amylases. Potential of transgenics with α-AIs has also been discussed for insect resistance and controlling infestation. CONCLUSIONS The differences in structural features of insect α-amylases provided reasons for their efficient functioning at different pH and the specificity towards various substrates. Various proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous inhibitors discussed could be helpful in controlling pest infestation. In depth detailed studies are required on proteinaceous α-AI-α-amylase interaction at different pH's as well as the insect proteinase action on these inhibitors before selecting the α-AI for making transgenics resistant to particular insect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rimaljeet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Narinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Anil Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lima TDA, Pontual EV, Dornelles LP, Amorim PK, Sá RA, Coelho LCBB, Napoleão TH, Paiva PMG. Digestive enzymes from workers and soldiers of termite Nasutitermes corniger. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 176:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
18
|
Božić N, Slavić MŠ, Gavrilović A, Vujčić Z. Production of raw-starch-digesting α-amylase isoform from Bacillus sp. under solid-state fermentation and biochemical characterization. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2013; 37:1353-60. [PMID: 24385152 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-013-1105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
α-Amylase production by solid-state fermentation of different Bacillus sp. was studied previously on different fermentation media. However, no study has been reported on the influence of selected media on expression of desired amylase isoforms such as raw-starch-digesting amylase (RSDA). In this paper, the influence of different inexpensive and available agro-resources as solid media (corn, wheat and triticale) on α-amylase isoform induction from three wild-type Bacillus sp., selected among one hundred strains tested, namely 9B, 12B and 24A was investigated. For all three strains, tested amylases were detected in the multiple forms; however, number and intensity of each form differed depending on the solid media used for growth. To determine which isoform from Bacillus sp. 12B was RSDA, the suspected isoform was purified. The optimum pH for the purified α-amylase isoform was 6.0-8.0, while the optimum temperature was 60-90 °C. Isoform was considerably thermostable and Ca(2+)-independent, and actually the only α-amylase active towards raw starch. Purification and characterization of RSDA showed that not all of the solid media tested induced RSDA. From an economic point of view, it might be significant to obtain pure isoenzyme for potential use in the raw-starch hydrolysis, since it was 5 times more efficient in raw corn starch hydrolysis than the crude amylase preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Božić
- Centre of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Božić N, Puertas JM, Lončar N, Duran CS, López-Santín J, Vujčić Z. The DsbA signal peptide-mediated secretion of a highly efficient raw-starch-digesting, recombinant α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945a. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
20
|
Dojnov B, Pavlović R, Božić N, Margetić A, Nenadović V, Ivanović J, Vujčić Z. Expression and distribution of cellulase, amylase and peptidase isoforms along the midgut of Morimus funereus L. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae is dependent on nutrient substrate composition. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 164:259-67. [PMID: 23402787 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The influence of diet composition--two substrates, wheat bran and sawdust--on isoform expression of digestive enzymes (cellulase, amylase and peptidase) in the midgut of Morimus funereus larvae was examined. Their impact on larval development was demonstrated by measuring the increase of larval weight during development and by analysis of digestive enzymes zymographic profiles, where the expression of cellulase isoforms from M. funereus larvae midgut has been examined for the first time in this study. Larvae reared on wheat bran had higher body weight between day 60 and day 100 than larvae reared on sawdust; however, both groups achieved similar body weight after day 110. Wheat bran as substrate induced different cellulase and amylase isoforms. Oak sawdust in substrate acted as inducer of peptidases. The highest cellulase activity and the greatest isoform variability were detected in the midgut extracts of larvae reared on wheat bran. From our results it can be assumed that M. funereus endocellulase, amylase and peptidase are secreted in the anterior midgut, and their concentration gradually decreases towards the hindgut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Dojnov
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ratko Pavlović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Božić
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Margetić
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vera Nenadović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelisaveta Ivanović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Vujčić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Manoj Kumar N, Karthikeyan S, Jayaraman G. Thermostable alpha-amylase enzyme production from Bacillus laterosporus: Statistical optimization, purification and characterization. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
22
|
Production, purification and characterization of two α-amylase isoforms from a newly isolated Aspergillus Oryzae strain S2. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
23
|
Production and properties of the highly efficient raw starch digesting α-amylase from a Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945a. Biochem Eng J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
24
|
Loncar N, Vujcić Z, Bozić N, Ivanović J, Nenadović V. Purification and properties of trypsin-like enzyme from the midgut of Morimus funereus (coleoptera, cerambycidae) Larvae. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 74:232-246. [PMID: 20549815 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Trypsin-like enzyme (TLE) from the anterior midgut of Morimus funereus larvae was purified by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography and characterized. Specific TLE activity was increased 322-fold by purification of the crude midgut extract. The purified enzyme had a pH optimum of 9.0 (optimum pH range 8.5-9.5) and temperature optimum of 45 degrees C with the K(M) ratio of 0.065 mM for benzoyl-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BApNA). Among a number of inhibitors tested, the most efficient was benzamidine (K(I) value of 0.012 mM, Ic(50) value of 0.204 mM) while inhibition of TLE activity by SBTI, TLCK, and PMSF was partial. Almost all divalent cations tested enhanced the enzyme activity, amongst them Co2+ and Mn2+ stimulated TLE activity for 2.5 times. The purified TLE (after gel-filtration on Superose 12 column) had a molecular mass of 37.5 kDa with an isoelectric point over 9.3. Sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed one band of 38 kDa, suggesting that the enzyme is a monomer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Loncar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Louati H, Zouari N, Fendri A, Gargouri Y. Digestive amylase of a primitive animal, the scorpion: purification and biochemical characterization. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:853-60. [PMID: 20206585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Scorpion, one of the most ancient invertebrates was chosen, as a model of a primitive animal, to purify and characterize an amylase located in the hepatopancreas. The scorpion digestive amylase (SDA) was purified. Pure SDA was obtained after heat treatment followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation and three steps of chromatography. The pure amylase is not glycosylated and has a molecular mass of 59,101 Da determined by MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The maximal amylase activity was measured at pH 7.0 and 50 degrees C, in the presence of Ca2+ and using potato starch as substrate. The enzyme was able to hydrolyze also, glycogen and amylose. The 23 NH2-terminal amino acid SDA residues were sequenced. The sequence obtained is similar to those of mammalian and avian pancreatic amylases. Nevertheless, polyclonal antibodies directed against SDA failed to recognize classical digestive amylases like the porcine pancreatic one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanen Louati
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie, Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS route de Soukra, 1173 Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Comparison of α-amylase isoforms from the midgut of Cerambyx cerdo L. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae developed in the wild and on an artificial diet. ARCH BIOL SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.2298/abs1003575d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
?-Amylase isoforms of Cerambyx cerdo larvae from the wild (ML and SL) and reared in the laboratory (ADL) were compared. Three amylase isoforms were presented in the SL and ML extracts while two isoforms were presented in the ADL according to zymogram after isoelectric focusing (IEF). All C. cerdo amylase isoforms were acidic proteins (pI < 3.5). Seven amylase isoforms (ACC 1-7) from the midgut of C. cerdo larvae were found in the ML midgut extract, six in the SL extract, and four in the ADL extract according to native PAGE zymogram. The ADL amylase had the highest activity. All crude midgut extracts of C. cerdo larvae were fractionated on a Superose 12 HR column. The molecular mass of the ACC was estimated to be 34 kDa. .
Collapse
|
27
|
Characterization of trypsin-like enzymes from the midgut of Morimus funereus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae. ARCH BIOL SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.2298/abs0904713l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The pH along the midgut of M. funereus larvae had different values, being acidic in the anterior section and basic in the middle and posterior sections. Elastase- and chymotrypsin-like activities were highest in the middle, low in the anterior, and negligible in the posterior section of the midgut. Trypsin-like activities were detected along the whole midgut, with more than 90% of activity in the anterior section. The level of elastase- and chymotrypsin-like activity was very low compared to trypsin-like activity. In the anterior section of the midgut, two isoforms of trypsin-like enzymes were found, both being basic and almost completely inhibited by benzamidine.
Collapse
|
28
|
Characterization of endopeptidases from the midgut of Morimus funereus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae. ARCH BIOL SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.2298/abs0803403b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of specific chromogenic substrates, use of class-specific inhibitors, and zymogram analysis enabled us to identify several peptidase classes in extracts of the midgut of Morimus funereus larvae. Zymogram analysis with gelatin as a peptidase substrate and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride as an inhibitor showed that serine peptidases were the most abundant endopeptidases in the midgut of M. funereus larvae. By zymogram analysis with gelatin as a peptidase substrate and 1,10-phenanthroline as an inhibitor, metallopeptidases were also detected. Analyses of serine peptidases with specific chromogenic substrates revealed dominance of elastase-like peptidases in extracts of the midgut of M. funereus larvae, with less pronounced chymotrypsin- and trypsin-like activities.
Collapse
|
29
|
Bozić N, Ivanović J, Nenadović V, Bergström J, Larsson T, Vujcić Z. Purification and properties of major midgut leucyl aminopeptidase of Morimus funereus (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 149:454-62. [PMID: 18155948 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The major leucyl aminopeptidase (LAP) from the midgut of Morimus funereus larvae was purified and characterised. Specific LAP activity was increased 292-fold by purification of the crude midgut extract. The purified enzyme had a pH optimum of 7.5 (optimum pH range 7.0-8.5) and preferentially hydrolysed p-nitroanilides containing hydrophobic amino acids in the active site, with the highest V(max)/K(M) ratio for leucine-p-nitroanilide (LpNA). Among a number of inhibitors tested, the most efficient were 1,10-phenanthroline having a K(i) value of 0.12 mM and cysteine with K(i) value of 0.31 mM, while EGTA stimulated LAP activity. Zn(2+), Mg(2+) and Mn(2+) all showed bi-modal effects on LAP activity (activated at low concentrations and inhibited at high concentrations). The purified LAP (after gel filtration on Superose 6 column) had molecular mass of 400 kDa with an isoelectric point of 6.2. Sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed one band of 67 kDa, suggesting that the enzyme is a hexamer. Six peptide sequences from protein band were obtained using ESI/MS-MS analysis. Comparison of the obtained peptide sequences with the EMBL-EBI sequence analysis toolbox and the BLASTP database showed a high degree of identity with other insect aminopeptidases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Bozić
- Centre of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|