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Debrah I, Zhong D, Machani MG, Nattoh G, Ochwedo KO, Morang'a CM, Lee MC, Amoah LE, Githeko AK, Afrane YA, Yan G. Non-Coding RNAs Potentially Involved in Pyrethroid Resistance of Anopheles funestus Population in Western Kenya. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3979432. [PMID: 38464038 PMCID: PMC10925441 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3979432/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Backgrounds The resurgence of Anopheles funestus , a dominant vector of human malaria in western Kenya was partly attributed to insecticide resistance. However, evidence on the molecular basis of pyrethroid resistance in western Kenya is limited. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) form a vast class of RNAs that do not code for proteins and are ubiquitous in the insect genome. Here, we demonstrated that multiple ncRNAs could play a potential role in An. funestus resistance to pyrethroid in western Kenya. Materials and Methods Anopheles funestus mosquitoes were sampled by aspiration methods in Bungoma, Teso, Siaya, Port Victoria and Kombewa in western Kenya. The F1 progenies were exposed to deltamethrin (0.05%), permethrin (0.75%), DDT (4%) and pirimiphos-methyl (0.25%) following WHO test guidelines. A synergist assay using piperonyl butoxide (PBO) (4%) was conducted to determine cytochrome P450s' role in pyrethroid resistance. RNA-seq was conducted on a combined pool of specimens that were resistant and unexposed, and the results were compared with those of the FANG susceptible strain. This approach aimed to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying pyrethroid resistance. Results Pyrethroid resistance was observed in all the sites with an average mortality rate of 57.6%. Port Victoria had the highest level of resistance to permethrin (MR=53%) and deltamethrin (MR=11%) pyrethroids. Teso had the lowest level of resistance to permethrin (MR=70%) and deltamethrin (MR=87%). Resistance to DDT was observed only in Kombewa (MR=89%) and Port Victoria (MR=85%). A full susceptibility to P-methyl (0.25%) was observed in all the sites. PBO synergist assay revealed high susceptibility (>98%) to the pyrethroids in all the sites except for Port Victoria (MR=96%, n=100). Whole transcriptomic analysis showed that most of the gene families associated with pyrethroid resistance comprised non-coding RNAs (67%), followed by imipenemase (10%),cytochrome P450s (6%), cuticular proteins (5%), olfactory proteins (4%), glutathione S-transferases (3%), UDP-glycosyltransferases (2%), ATP-binding cassettes (2%) and carboxylesterases(1%). Conclusions This study unveils the molecular basis of insecticide resistance in An. funestus in western Kenya, highlighting for the first time the potential role of non-coding RNAs in pyrethroid resistance. Targeting non-coding RNAs for intervention development could help in insecticide resistance management.
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Yuan Y, Zhang F, Ai L, Huang Y, Peng R. Insight into the role of a novel c-di-GMP effector protein in Rhodococcus ruber. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 608:177-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Xin S, Zhang W. Construction and analysis of the protein-protein interaction network for the detoxification enzymes of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 108:e21850. [PMID: 34750851 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Detoxification enzymes are necessary for insects to metabolize toxic substances and maintain physiological activities. Cytochromes P450 (CYPs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and carboxylesterase (CarEs) are the main detoxification enzymes in insects. In addition, UDP-glucosyltransferase and ATP-binding cassette transporter also participate in the process of material metabolism. This study collected proteins related to detoxification in the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). And we performed Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis on these proteins to understand their biological function. We constructed the protein-protein interaction network for the silkworm's detoxification enzymes and analyzed the network's topological properties. We found that BGIBMGA014046-TA, BGIBMGA003221-TA, BGIBMGA011092-TA, BGIBMGA000074-TA, and LOC732976 are the essential proteins in the network. These proteins are primarily involved in the process of ribosome biogenesis and may be related to protein synthesis. We integrated GO, KEGG, and network analysis and found that ribosome-associated protein and GSTs played a vital role in the detoxification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShangHong Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - WenJun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang G, Zhang W. Protein-protein interaction network analysis of insecticide resistance molecular mechanism in Drosophila melanogaster. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 100:e21523. [PMID: 30478906 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The problem of resistance has not been solved fundamentally at present, because the development speed of new insecticides can not keep pace with the development speed of resistance, and the lack of understanding of molecular mechanism of resistance. Here we collected seed genes and their interacting proteins involved in insecticide resistance molecular mechanism in Drosophila melanogaster by literature mining and the String database. We identified a total of 528 proteins and 13514 protein-protein interactions. The protein interaction network was constructed by String and Pajek, and we analyzed the topological properties, such as degree centrality and eigenvector centrality. Proteasome complexes and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 were an enrichment by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. This is the first time to explore the insecticide resistance molecular mechanism of D. melanogaster by the methods and tools of network biology, it can provide the bioinformatic foundation for further understanding the mechanisms of insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuiLu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - WenJun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu QM, Li CX, Wu Q, Shi QM, Sun AJ, Zhang HD, Guo XX, Dong YD, Xing D, Zhang YM, Han Q, Diao XP, Zhao TY. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes In Deltamethrin-Resistant Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2017; 33:324-330. [PMID: 29369035 DOI: 10.2987/17-6658.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Culex quinquefasciatus is one of China's major house-dwelling mosquito species and an important vector of filariasis and encephalitis. Chemical treatments represent one of the most successful approaches for comprehensive mosquito prevention and control. However, the widespread use of chemical pesticides has led to the occurrence and development of insecticide resistance. Therefore, in-depth studies of resistance to insecticides are of vital importance. In this study, we performed a gene expression analysis to investigate genes from Cx. quinquefasciatus that may confer pyrethroid resistance. We aimed to understand the mechanisms of Cx. quinquefasciatus resistance to pyrethroid insecticides and provide insights into insect resistance management. Using a resistance bioassay, we determined the deltamethrin LC50 values (lethal concentration required to kill 50% of the population) for Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae in the F21, F23, F24, F26, F27, and F30 generations. The 7 tested strains exhibited pesticide resistance that was 25.25 to 87.83 times higher than that of the SanYa strain. Moreover, the expression of the OBPjj7a (odorant-binding protein OBPjj7a), OBP28 (odorant-binding protein OBP28), and E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme) genes was positively correlated with deltamethrin resistance ( R2 = 0.836, P = 0.011; R2 = 0.788, P = 0.018; and R2 = 0.850, P = 0.009, respectively) in Cx. quinquefasciatus. The expression of 4 additional genes, H/ACA, S19, SAR2, and PGRP, was not correlated with deltamethrin resistance. In summary, this study identified 3 Cx. quinquefasciatus genes with potential involvement in deltamethrin resistance, and these results may provide a theoretical basis for the control of mosquito resistance and insights into resistance detection.
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Identification of genes involved in pyrethroid-, propoxur-, and dichlorvos- insecticides resistance in the mosquitoes, Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae). Acta Trop 2016; 157:84-95. [PMID: 26802491 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Culex pipiens pallens and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus are important vectors of many diseases, such as West Nile fever and lymphatic filariasis. The widespread use of insecticides to control these disease vectors and other insect pests has led to insecticide resistance becoming common in these species. In this study, high throughout Illumina sequencing was used to identify hundreds of Cx. p. pallens and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus genes that were differentially expressed in response to insecticide exposure. The identification of these genes is a vital first step for more detailed investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance in Culex mosquitoes.
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Yan DK, Hu M, Tang YX, Fan JQ. Proteomic Analysis Reveals Resistance Mechanism Against Chlorpyrifos in Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:2000-2008. [PMID: 26470346 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The western flower thrips is an economically important worldwide pest of many crops, and chlorpyrifos has been used to control western flower thrips for many years. To develop a better resistance-management strategy, a chlorpyrifos-resistant strain of western flower thrips (WFT-chl) was selected in the laboratory. More than 39-fold resistance was achieved after selected by chlorpyrifos for 19 generations in comparison with the susceptible strain (WFT-S). Proteome of western flower thrips (WFT-S and WFT-chl) was investigated using a quantitative proteomics approach with isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification technique and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technologies. According to the functional analysis, 773 proteins identified were grouped into 10 categories of molecular functions and 706 proteins were presented in 213 kinds of pathways. Comparing the proteome of WFT-chl with that of WFT-S, a total of eight proteins were found up-regulated and three down-regulated. The results from functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the differentially expressed protein functions in binding, catalyzing, transporting, and enzyme regulation were most important in resistance development. A list of proteins functioning in biological processes of metabolism, biological regulation, and response to stimulus was found in WFT-chl, suggesting that they are possibly the major components of the resistance mechanism to chlorpyrifos in western flower thrips. Notably, several novel potential resistance-related proteins were identified such as ribosomal protein, Vg (vitellogenin), and MACT (muscle actin), which can be used to improve our understanding of the resistance mechanisms in western flower thrips. This study provided the first comprehensive view of the complicated resistance mechanism employed by WFT-S and WFT-chl through the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Kan Yan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China. College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China. Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Min Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China. Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yun-Xia Tang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jia-Qin Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Gu ZY, Sun SS, Wang YH, Wang BB, Xie Y, Ma L, Wang JM, Shen WD, Li B. Transcriptional characteristics of gene expression in the midgut of domestic silkworms (Bombyx mori) exposed to phoxim. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 105:36-43. [PMID: 24238288 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Silkworm (Bombyx mori) is not only an economically important insect but also a model system for lepidoptera. As a vital organ of digestion and nutrient absorption, the midgut of insects also serves as the first physiological barrier to chemical pesticides. In this study, microarray was performed to profile the gene expression changes in the midgut of silkworms exposed to phoxim. After 24h of phoxim exposure (4.0μg/mL), 266 genes displayed at least 2.0-fold changes in expression levels. Among them, 192 genes were up-regulated, and 74 genes were down-regulated. The most significant changes were 14.88-fold up-regulation and 23.36-fold down-regulation. According to gene ontology annotation and pathway analysis, differentially expressed genes were mainly classified into different groups based on their potential involvements in detoxification, immunne response, stress response, energy metabolism and transport. Particularly, the transcription levels of detoxification-related genes were up-regulated, such as cytochrome P450s, esterases and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), indicating increased detoxification activity in the midgut. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of pesticide metabolism in the midgut of insects, which may promote the development of highly efficient insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Gu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
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Sung JM, Lee CK, Wu-Hsieh BA. Intrahepatic infiltrating NK and CD8 T cells cause liver cell death in different phases of dengue virus infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46292. [PMID: 23050007 PMCID: PMC3458800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated liver enzyme level is an outstanding feature in patients with dengue. However, the pathogenic mechanism of liver injury has not been clearly demonstrated. In this study, employing a mouse model we aimed to investigate the immunopathogenic mechanism of dengue liver injury. Immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice were infected intravenously with dengue virus strain 16681. Infected mice had transient viremia, detectable viral capsid gene and cleaved caspase 3 in the liver. In the mean time, NK cell and T cell infiltrations peaked at days 1 and 5, respectively. Neutralizing CXCL10 or depletion of Asialo GM1+ cells reduced cleaved caspase 3 and TUNEL+ cells in the liver at day 1 after infection. CD8+ T cells infiltrated into the liver at later time point and at which time intrahepatic leukocytes (IHL) exhibited cytotoxicity against DENV-infected targets. Cleaved caspase 3 and TUNEL+ cells were diminished in mice with TCRβ deficiency and in those depleted of CD8+ T cells, respectively, at day 5 after infection. Moreover, intrahepatic CD8+ T cells were like their splenic counterparts recognized DENV NS4B99–107 peptide. Together, these results show that infiltrating NK and CD8+ T cells cause liver cell death. While NK cells were responsible for cell death at early time point of infection, CD8+ T cells were for later. CD8+ T cells that recognize NS4B99–107 constitute at least one of the major intrahepatic cytotoxic CD8+ T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Min Sung
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Kuo Lee
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Betty A. Wu-Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Sun Y, Zou P, Yu XY, Chen C, Yu J, Shi LN, Hong SC, Zhou D, Chang XL, Wang WJ, Shen B, Zhang DH, Ma L, Zhu CL. Functional characterization of an arrestin gene on insecticide resistance of Culex pipiens pallens. Parasit Vectors 2012; 5:134. [PMID: 22768923 PMCID: PMC3425237 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Continuous and excessive application of insecticides has resulted in the rapid development of insecticide resistance in several mosquito species, including Culex pipiens pallens. Previous studies in our laboratory found that arrestin gene expression was higher in the deltamethrin-resistant (DR) strain than in the deltamethrin-susceptible (DS) strain of Cx. pipiens pallens. Similarly, other studies reported that arrestin was highly expressed in permethrin-resistant Cx. quinquefasciatus and in dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)-resistant Drosophila melanogaster. Methods Full-length cDNAs of an arrestin gene were cloned from Cx. pipiens pallens via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE). The mRNA levels of the arrestin gene in the whole life cycle of DR and DS strains of Cx. pipiens pallens were investigated via quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, the relationship between arrestin and deltamethrin (DM) resistance were identified using genetic overexpression strategies and arrestin RNAi in mosquito cells. Cell viability was analyzed with cholecystokinin octapeptide after DM treatment. Moreover, the mRNA levels of cytochrome P450 6A1 (CYP6A1) and opsin in the transfected cells and controls were analyzed. Results Complete arrestin gene sequence was cloned and expressed throughout the life cycle of Cx. pipiens pallens. Moreover, arrestin was significantly upregulated in the DR strain, compared with that in the DS strain at the egg, pupae, and adult stages. Arrestin overexpression comparably increased the mosquito cell viability, whereas arrestin knockdown by siRNA decreased mosquito cell viability with deltamethrin (DM) treatment. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of CYP6A1 and opsin were upregulated in mosquito cells transfected with arrestin and downregulated in mosquito cells with arrestin knockdown. Conclusion This study presented the first evidence that arrestin might be associated with insecticide resistance in Cx. pipiens pallens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road., Nanjing 210029, Jiang Su Province, People's Republic of China
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Zhou D, Hao S, Sun Y, Chen L, Xiong C, Ma L, Zhang D, Hong S, Shi L, Gong M, Zhou H, Yu X, Shen B, Zhu C. Cloning and characterization of prophenoloxidase A3 (proPOA3) from Culex pipiens pallens. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 162:57-65. [PMID: 22561195 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The prophenoloxidase subunit A3 (proPOA3) gene was cloned from Culex pipiens pallens, which had an open reading frame of 2061 bp encoding a putative 686 amino acid protein. The deduced amino acid sequence shares 98% with proPOA3 from Culex quinquefasciatus. ProPOA3 is expressed at all developmental stages of C. pipiens pallens. Significant negative correlation was observed between proPOA3 expression and deltamethrin resistance in resistant C. pipiens pallens. Furthermore, proPOA3 expression levels were significantly lower in deltamethrin-resistant mosquitoes than in susceptible mosquitoes collected at four locations in Eastern China. However, we did not find any substantial change in proPOA3 expression in field-collected resistant Anopheles mosquitoes. Moreover, overexpressing proPOA3 in C6/36 cells led to more sensitivity to deltamethrin treatment. In laboratory and field-collected resistant C. pipiens pallens, a valine to isoleucine mutation (769G>A) and two synonymous mutations (1116G>C and 1116G>A) were identified in proPOA3. In addition, the mutation frequency of 769G>A and 1116G>C increased gradually, which corresponded with raised deltamethrin resistance levels. Taken together, our study provides the first evidence that proPOA3 may play a role in the regulation of deltamethrin-resistance in C. pipiens pallens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China
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Tan W, Wang X, Cheng P, Liu L, Wang H, Gong M, Quan X, Gao H, Zhu C. Molecular cloning and preliminary function study of iron responsive element binding protein 1 gene from cypermethrin-resistant Culex pipiens pallens. Parasit Vectors 2011; 4:215. [PMID: 22075242 PMCID: PMC3223502 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insecticide resistance jeopardizes the control of mosquito populations and mosquito-borne disease control, which creates a major public health concern. Two-dimensional electrophoresis identified one protein segment with high sequence homology to part of Aedes aegypti iron-responsive element binding protein (IRE-BP). Method RT-PCR and RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA end) were used to clone a cDNA encoding full length IRE-BP 1. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used to evaluate the transcriptional level changes in the Cr-IRE strain Aedes aegypti compared to the susceptible strain of Cx. pipiens pallens. The expression profile of the gene was established in the mosquito life cycle. Methyl tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) was used to observe the cypermethrin resistance changes in C6/36 cells containing the stably transfected IRE-BP 1 gene of Cx. pipiens pallens. Results The complete sequence of iron responsive element binding protein 1 (IRE-BP 1) has been cloned from the cypermethrin-resistant strain of Culex pipiens pallens (Cr-IRE strain). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that the IRE-BP 1 transcription level was 6.7 times higher in the Cr-IRE strain than in the susceptible strain of 4th instar larvae. The IRE-BP 1 expression was also found to be consistently higher throughout the life cycle of the Cr-IRE strain. A protein of predicted size 109.4 kDa has been detected by Western blotting in IRE-BP 1-transfected mosquito C6/36 cells. These IRE-BP 1-transfected cells also showed enhanced cypermethrin resistance compared to null-transfected or plasmid vector-transfected cells as determined by 3H-TdR incorporation. Conclusion IRE-BP 1 is expressed at higher levels in the Cr-IRE strain, and may confer some insecticide resistance in Cx. pipiens pallens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Tan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, 272067, PR China.
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Tan W, Wang X, Cheng P, Liu L, Wang H, Gong M, Quan X, Gao H, Zhu C. Cloning and overexpression of transferrin gene from cypermethrin-resistant Culex pipiens pallens. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:939-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Cloning and characterization of ribosomal protein S29, a deltamethrin resistance associated gene from Culex pipiens pallens. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:1689-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhang J, Yang M, Wang W, Sun H, Xu Y, Ma L, Sun Y, Zhu C. prag01, a novel deltamethrin-resistance-associated gene from Culex pipiens pallens. Parasitol Res 2010; 108:417-23. [PMID: 20922424 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The prag01 gene (GenBank accession no. EU073017) was cloned from Culex pipiens pallens. An open reading frame of 270 bp was found to encode a putative 89-amino-acid protein which has the highest homology with Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles funestus. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated that the transcription level of prag01 gene in deltamethrin-resistant strain was 1.65-fold higher than in deltamethrin-susceptible strain of C. pipiens pallens. Overexpression of prag01 gene in the mosquito C6/36 cells showed better prolification than the cells with empty vector when treated by deltamethrin. Our data for the first time approved that prag01 gene might play some role in the development of deltamethrin resistance in C. pipiens pallens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
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