1
|
Two GH16 Endo-1,3-β-D-Glucanases from Formosa agariphila and F. algae Bacteria Have Complete Different Modes of Laminarin Digestion. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 64:434-446. [PMID: 34724141 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a comparative analysis of primary structures and catalytic properties of two recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanases from marine bacteria Formosa agariphila KMM 3901 and previously reported F. algae KMM 3553. Both enzymes had the same molecular mass 61 kDa, temperature optimum 45 °C, and comparable ranges of thermal stability and Km. While the set of products of laminarin hydrolysis with endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from F. algae was stable of the reaction with pH 4-9, the pH stability of the products of laminarin hydrolysis with endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from F. agariphila varied at pH 5-6 for DP 2, at pH 4 and 7-8 for DP 5, and at pH 9 for DP 3. There were differences in modes of action of these enzymes on laminarin and 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucoside (Umb), indicating the presence of transglycosylating activity of endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from F. algae and its absence in endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from F. agariphila. While endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from F. algae produced transglycosylated laminarioligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization 2-10 (predominately 3-4), endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from F. agariphila did not catalyze transglycosylation in our lab parameters.
Collapse
|
2
|
Usoltseva RV, Belik AA, Kusaykin MI, Malyarenko OS, Zvyagintsevа TN, Ermakova SP. Laminarans and 1,3-β-D-glucanases. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1010-1025. [PMID: 32663561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The laminarans are biologically active water-soluble polysaccharide (1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans) of brown algae. These polysaccharides are an attractive object for research due to its relatively simple structure, low toxicity, and various biological effects. 1,3-β-D-glucanases are an effective tool for studying the structure of laminarans, and can also be used to obtain new biologically active derivatives. This review is to outline what is currently known about laminarans and enzymes that catalyze of their transformation. We focused on information about sources, structure and properties of laminarans and 1,3-β-D-glucanases, methods of obtaining and structural elucidation of laminarans, and biological activity of laminarans and products of their enzymatic transformation. It has an increased focus on the immunomodulating and anticancer activity of laminarans and their derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roza V Usoltseva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | - Aleksei A Belik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail I Kusaykin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | - Olesya S Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | - Tatiana N Zvyagintsevа
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | - Svetlana P Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, 159, 100 Let Vladivostoku prosp., Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Z, Liu W, Lyu Q. Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Endo-1,3-β-Glucanase from the Scallop Chlamys farreri. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18090466. [PMID: 32947865 PMCID: PMC7551256 DOI: 10.3390/md18090466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endo-1,3-β-glucanases derived from marine mollusks have attracted much attention in recent years because of their unique transglycosylation activity. In this study, a novel endo-1,3-β-glucanase from the scallop Chlamys farreri, named Lcf, was biochemically characterized. Unlike in earlier studies on marine mollusk endo-1,3-β-glucanases, Lcf was expressed in vitro first. Enzymatic analysis demonstrated that Lcf preferred to hydrolyze laminarihexaose than to hydrolyze laminarin. Furthermore, Lcf was capable of catalyzing transglycosylation reactions with different kinds of glycosyl acceptors. More interestingly, the transglycosylation specificity of Lcf was different from that of other marine mollusk endo-1,3-β-glucanases, although they share a high sequence identity. This study enhanced our understanding of the diverse enzymatic specificities of marine mollusk endo-1,3-β-glucanases, which facilitated development of a unique endo-1,3-β-glucanase tool in the synthesis of novel glycosides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Weizhi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.L.); (W.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
| | - Qianqian Lyu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.L.); (W.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li J, Cao C, Jiang Y, Huang Q, Shen Y, Ni J. A Novel Digestive GH16 β-1,3(4)-Glucanase from the Fungus-Growing Termite Macrotermes barneyi. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:1284-1297. [PMID: 32725373 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03368-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
β-1,3-glucanases are the main digestive enzymes of plant and fungal cell wall. Transcriptomic analysis of the fungus-growing termite Macrotermes barneyi revealed a high expression of a predicted β-1,3(4)-glucanase (Mbbgl) transcript in termite gut. Here, we described the cDNA cloning, heterologous expression, and enzyme characterization of Mbbgl. Sequence analysis and RT-PCR results showed that Mbbgl is a termite-origin GH16 β-1,3(4)-glucanase. The recombinant enzyme showed the highest activity towards laminarin and was active optimally at 50 °C, pH 5.5. The enzyme displayed endo/exo β-1,3(4)-glucanase activities. Moreover, Mbbgl had weak transglycosylation activity. The results indicate that Mbbgl is an endogenous digestive β-1,3(4)-glucanase, which contributes to the decomposition of plant biomass and fungal hyphae. Additionally, the multiple activities, pH, and ion stabilities make Mbbgl a potential candidate for application in the food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chunjing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Biotechnology Development Institute, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yutong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qihong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yulong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Jinfeng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Badur AH, Ammar EM, Yalamanchili G, Hehemann JH, Rao CV. Characterization of the GH16 and GH17 laminarinases from Vibrio breoganii 1C10. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:161-171. [PMID: 31754764 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Laminarin is an abundant glucose polymer used as an energy reserve by micro- and macroalgae. Bacteria digest and consume laminarin with laminarinases. Their genomes frequently contain multiple homologs; however, the biological role for this replication remains unclear. We investigated the four laminarinases of glycoside hydrolase families GH16 and GH17 from the marine bacterium Vibrio breoganii 1C10, which can use laminarin as its sole carbon source. All four laminarinases employ an endolytic mechanism and specifically cleave the β-1,3-glycosidic bond. Two primarily produce low-molecular weight laminarin oligomers (DP 3-4) whereas the others primarily produce high-molecular weight oligomers (DP > 8), which suggests that these enzymes sequentially degrade laminarin. The results from this work provide an overview of the laminarinases from a single marine bacterium and also provide insights regarding how multiple laminarinases are used to degrade laminarin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet H Badur
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ehab M Ammar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, El Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Geethika Yalamanchili
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jan-Hendrik Hehemann
- MARUM MPG Bridge Group Marine Glycobiology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christopher V Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Linton SM. Review: The structure and function of cellulase (endo-β-1,4-glucanase) and hemicellulase (β-1,3-glucanase and endo-β-1,4-mannase) enzymes in invertebrates that consume materials ranging from microbes, algae to leaf litter. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 240:110354. [PMID: 31647988 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the reaction catalysed, and the structure and function of the cellulase, endo-β-1,4-glucanase and the hemicellulase enzymes, β-1,3-glucanase and endo-β-1,4-mannase that are present in numerous invertebrate groups with a diverse range of feeding specialisations. These range from microbial deposit and filter feeders, micro and macrophagous algal feeders, omnivores to herbivorous leaf litter and wood feeders. Endo-β-1,4-glucanase from glycosyl hydrolase family 9 (GH9) digests cellulose like β-1,4-glucans from a range of materials. As it hydrolyses crystalline cellulose very slowly, it is a poor cellulase. Where tested, the enzyme has dual endo-β-1,4-glucanase and lichenase activity. Its presence does not necessarily indicate the ability of an animal to digest cellulose. It only indicates the ability to digest β-1,4-glucans and its function, which is discussed in this review, should be considered with reference to the substrates present in the diet. β-1,3-glucanase (laminarinase) belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family 16 (GH16) and hydrolyses β-1.3-glucans. These polysaccharides are present in the cell walls of algae, protozoans and yeast, and they also occur as storage polysaccharides within protozoans and algae. Depending on their site of expression, these enzymes may function as a digestive enzyme or may be involved in innate immunity. Enzymes present in the digestive fluids or tissues, would be digestive. Haemolymph GH16 proteins may be involved in innate immunity through the activation of the phenol oxidase system. Insect GH16 proteins expressed within the haemolymph have lost their catalytic residues and function as β-glucan binding proteins. In contrast, crustacean GH16 proteins expressed within the same tissue, have retained the catalytic residues and thus possibly their β-1,3-glucanase activity. The potential function of which is discussed. Endo-β-1,4-mannase from glycosyl hydrolase family 5, subfamily 10 (GH5_10) hydrolyses mannan, glucomannan and galactomannan. These hemicelluloses are present in the cell walls of plants and algae and also function as storage polysaccharides within legume and palm seeds. They are digestive enzymes whose high expression in some species suggests they are a major contributor to hemicellulose digestion. They may also provide the animal with substantial amounts of monosaccharides for energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M Linton
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, VIC 3216, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Escobar-Correas S, Mendoza-Porras O, Dellagnola FA, Colgrave ML, Vega IA. Integrative Proteomic Analysis of Digestive Tract Glycosidases from the Invasive Golden Apple Snail, Pomacea canaliculata. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3342-3352. [PMID: 31321981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata, an invasive species of global significance, possesses a well-developed digestive system and diverse feeding mechanisms enabling the intake of a wide variety of food. The identification of glycosidases in adult snails would increase the understanding of their digestive physiology and potentially generate new opportunities to eradicate and/or control this invasive species. In this study, liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was applied to define the occurrence, diversity, and origin of glycoside hydrolases along the digestive tract of P. canaliculata. A range of cellulases, hemicellulases, amylases, maltases, fucosidases, and galactosidases were identified across the digestive tract. The digestive gland and the contents of the crop and style sac yield a higher diversity of glycosidase-derived peptides. Subsequently, peptides derived from 81 glycosidases (46 proteins from the public database and 35 uniquely from the transcriptome database) that were distributed among 13 glycoside hydrolase families were selected and quantified using multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. This study showed a high glycosidase abundance and diversity in the gut contents of P. canaliculata which participate in extracellular digestion of complex dietary carbohydrates. Salivary and digestive glands were the main tissues involved in their synthesis and secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Escobar-Correas
- IHEM, CONICET , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Instituto de Fisiología , Mendoza 5500 , Argentina
| | - Omar Mendoza-Porras
- Agriculture & Food , CSIRO , 306 Carmody Road , St. Lucia , Queensland 4067 , Australia
| | - Federico A Dellagnola
- IHEM, CONICET , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Instituto de Fisiología , Mendoza 5500 , Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biología , Mendoza 5500 , Argentina
| | - Michelle L Colgrave
- Agriculture & Food , CSIRO , 306 Carmody Road , St. Lucia , Queensland 4067 , Australia
| | - Israel A Vega
- IHEM, CONICET , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Instituto de Fisiología , Mendoza 5500 , Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biología , Mendoza 5500 , Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cao J, Wang B, Tan X. Transcriptomic responses of the clam Meretrix meretrix to the organophosphorus pesticide (dimethoate). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:539-549. [PMID: 31119591 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) play a certain role in promoting the development of agriculture and forestry, but they may cause potential harm to aquatic life when entering rivers and polluting water sources. Previous researches have shown that OPs participate in the regulation mechanism of aquatic organisms. Here, our aim is to determine the underlying mechanisms of one OP (dimethoate) at the transcriptional level using the clam Meretrix meretrix. 4119 DEGs were obtained from high-throughput RNA sequencing data. Then, expression profiles of some genes were verified by qPCR, which showed a positive correlation with the RNA sequencing results. 14,481 simple sequence repeats were also identified and could be further used as molecular markers. In addition, some oxidative, immune, and stress-related genes were further discussed and could also be used as biomarkers to indicate the biological response of dimethoate. This study will help to better understand the clam's response mechanism to dimethoate stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Bingxu Wang
- Faculty of Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Xiaona Tan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim DH, Kim DH, Lee SH, Kim KH. A novel β-glucosidase from Saccharophagus degradans 2-40 T for the efficient hydrolysis of laminarin from brown macroalgae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:64. [PMID: 29563967 PMCID: PMC5851131 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laminarin is a potential biomass feedstock for the production of glucose, which is the most preferable fermentable sugar in many microorganisms by which it can be converted to biofuels and bio-based chemicals. Also, laminarin is a good resource as functional materials because it consists of β-1,3-glucosidic linkages in its backbone and β-1,6-glucosidic linkages in its branches so that its oligosaccharides driven from laminarin have a variety of biological activities. It is industrially important to be able to produce laminarioligosaccharides as well as glucose from laminarin by a single enzyme because the enzyme cost accounts for a large part of bio-based products. In this study, we investigated the industrial applicability of Bgl1B, a unique β-glucosidase from Saccharophagus degradans 2-40T, belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) by characterizing its activity of hydrolyzing laminarin under various conditions. RESULTS Bgl1B was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli from S. degradans 2-40T, and its enzymatic activity was characterized. Similar to most of β-glucosidases in GH1, Bgl1B was able to hydrolyze a variety of disaccharides having different β-linkages, such as laminaribiose, cellobiose, gentiobiose, lactose, and agarobiose, by cleaving β-1,3-, β-1,4-, and β-1,6-glycosidic linkages. However, Bgl1B showed the highest specific activity toward laminaribiose with a β-1,3-glycosidic linkage. In addition, it was able to hydrolyze laminarin, one of the major polysaccharides in brown macroalgae, into glucose with a conversion yield of 75% of theoretical maximum. Bgl1B also showed transglycosylation activity by producing oligosaccharides from laminarin and laminaribiose under a high mass ratio of substrate to enzyme. Furthermore, Bgl1B was found to be psychrophilic, exhibiting relative activity of 59-85% in the low-temperature range of 2-20 °C. CONCLUSIONS Bgl1B can directly hydrolyze laminarin into glucose with a high conversion yield without leaving any oligosaccharides. Bgl1B can exhibit high enzymatic activity in a broad range of low temperatures (2-20 °C), which is advantageous for establishing energy-efficient bioprocesses. In addition, under high substrate to enzyme ratios, Bgl1B can produce high-value laminarioligosaccharides via its transglycosylation activity. These results show that Bgl1B can be an industrially important enzyme for the production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals from brown macroalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Do Hyoung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Qin HM, Miyakawa T, Inoue A, Nishiyama R, Nakamura A, Asano A, Sawano Y, Ojima T, Tanokura M. Structure and Polymannuronate Specificity of a Eukaryotic Member of Polysaccharide Lyase Family 14. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:2182-2190. [PMID: 28011642 PMCID: PMC5313092 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.749929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate is an abundant algal polysaccharide, composed of β-d-mannuronate and its C5 epimer α-l-guluronate, that is a useful biomaterial in cell biology and tissue engineering, with applications in cancer and aging research. The alginate lyase (EC 4.2.2.3) from Aplysia kurodai, AkAly30, is a eukaryotic member of the polysaccharide lyase 14 (PL-14) family and degrades alginate by cleaving the glycosidic bond through a β-elimination reaction. Here, we present the structural basis for the substrate specificity, with a preference for polymannuronate, of AkAly30. The crystal structure of AkAly30 at a 1.77 Å resolution and the putative substrate-binding model show that the enzyme adopts a β-jelly roll fold at the core of the structure and that Lys-99, Tyr-140, and Tyr-142 form catalytic residues in the active site. Their arrangements allow the carboxyl group of mannuronate residues at subsite +1 to form ionic bonds with Lys-99. The coupled tyrosine forms a hydrogen bond network with the glycosidic bond, and the hydroxy group of Tyr-140 is located near the C5 atom of the mannuronate residue. These interactions could promote the β-elimination of the mannuronate residue at subsite +1. More interestingly, Gly-118 and the disulfide bond formed by Cys-115 and Cys-124 control the conformation of an active-site loop, which makes the space suitable for substrate entry into subsite -1. The cleavage efficiency of AkAly30 is enhanced relative to that of mutants lacking either Gly-118 or the Cys-115-Cys-124 disulfide bond. The putative binding model and mutagenesis studies provide a novel substrate recognition mode explaining the polymannuronate specificity of PL-14 alginate lyases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Qin
- From the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- the College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- From the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akira Inoue
- the Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan, and
| | - Ryuji Nishiyama
- the Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan, and
| | - Akira Nakamura
- From the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Atsuko Asano
- From the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoriko Sawano
- From the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- the Laboratory of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-8-30 Kounodai, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-0827, Japan
| | - Takao Ojima
- the Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan, and
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- From the Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kumagai Y, Okuyama M, Kimura A. Heat treatment of curdlan enhances the enzymatic production of biologically active β-(1,3)-glucan oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 146:396-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
13
|
A Novel Glycoside Hydrolase Family 5 β-1,3-1,6-Endoglucanase from Saccharophagus degradans 2-40T and Its Transglycosylase Activity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:4340-4349. [PMID: 27208098 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00635-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this study, we characterized Gly5M, originating from a marine bacterium, as a novel β-1,3-1,6-endoglucanase in glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) in the Carbohydrate-Active enZyme database. The gly5M gene encodes Gly5M, a newly characterized enzyme from GH5 subfamily 47 (GH5_47) in Saccharophagus degradans 2-40(T) The gly5M gene was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli Through analysis of the enzymatic reaction products by thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-tandem time of flight mass spectrometry, Gly5M was identified as a novel β-1,3-endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) and bacterial β-1,6-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.75) in GH5. The β-1,3-endoglucanase and β-1,6-endoglucanase activities were detected by using laminarin (a β-1,3-glucan with β-1,6-glycosidic linkages derived from brown macroalgae) and pustulan (a β-1,6-glucan derived from fungal cell walls) as the substrates, respectively. This enzyme also showed transglycosylase activity toward β-1,3-oligosaccharides when laminarioligosaccharides were used as the substrates. Since laminarin is the major form of glucan storage in brown macroalgae, Gly5M could be used to produce glucose and laminarioligosaccharides, using brown macroalgae, for industrial purposes. IMPORTANCE In this study, we have discovered a novel β-1,3-1,6-endoglucanase with a unique transglycosylase activity, namely, Gly5M, from a marine bacterium, Saccharophagus degradans 2-40(T) Gly5M was identified as the newly found β-1,3-endoglucanase and bacterial β-1,6-glucanase in GH5. Gly5M is capable of cleaving glycosidic linkages of both β-1,3-glucans and β-1,6-glucans. Gly5M also possesses a transglycosylase activity toward β-1,3-oligosacchrides. Due to the broad specificity of Gly5M, this enzyme can be used to produce glucose or high-value β-1,3- and/or β-1,6-oligosaccharides.
Collapse
|
14
|
Masuda Y, Okuyama M, Iizuka T, Nakai H, Saburi W, Fukukawa T, Maneesan J, Tagami T, Naraoka T, Mori H, Kimura A. Purification and characterization of a chloride ion-dependent α-glucosidase from the midgut gland of Japanese scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 80:479-85. [PMID: 26645800 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1116926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Marine glycoside hydrolases hold enormous potential due to their habitat-related characteristics such as salt tolerance, barophilicity, and cold tolerance. We purified an α-glucosidase (PYG) from the midgut gland of the Japanese scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) and found that this enzyme has unique characteristics. The use of acarbose affinity chromatography during the purification was particularly effective, increasing the specific activity 570-fold. PYG is an interesting chloride ion-dependent enzyme. Chloride ion causes distinctive changes in its enzymatic properties, increasing its hydrolysis rate, changing the pH profile of its enzyme activity, shifting the range of its pH stability to the alkaline region, and raising its optimal temperature from 37 to 55 °C. Furthermore, chloride ion altered PYG's substrate specificity. PYG exhibited the highest Vmax/Km value toward maltooctaose in the absence of chloride ion and toward maltotriose in the presence of chloride ion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Masuda
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Masayuki Okuyama
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Takahisa Iizuka
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakai
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Wataru Saburi
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Taro Fukukawa
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Janjira Maneesan
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tagami
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | | | - Haruhide Mori
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Atsuo Kimura
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mochizuki S, Nishiyama R, Inoue A, Ojima T. A Novel Aldo-Keto Reductase, HdRed, from the Pacific Abalone Haliotis discus hannai, Which Reduces Alginate-derived 4-Deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose Uronic Acid to 2-Keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30962-74. [PMID: 26555267 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.686725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abalone feeds on brown seaweeds and digests seaweeds' alginate with alginate lyases (EC 4.2.2.3). However, it has been unclear whether the end product of alginate lyases (i.e. unsaturated monouronate-derived 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronic acid (DEH)) is assimilated by abalone itself, because DEH cannot be metabolized via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway of animals. Under these circumstances, we recently noticed the occurrence of an NADPH-dependent reductase, which reduced DEH to 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate, in hepatopancreas extract of the pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai. In the present study, we characterized this enzyme to some extent. The DEH reductase, named HdRed in the present study, could be purified from the acetone-dried powder of hepatopancreas by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by conventional column chromatographies. HdRed showed a single band of ∼ 40 kDa on SDS-PAGE and reduced DEH to 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate with an optimal temperature and pH at around 50 °C and 7.0, respectively. HdRed exhibited no appreciable activity toward 28 authentic compounds, including aldehyde, aldose, ketose, α-keto-acid, uronic acid, deoxy sugar, sugar alcohol, carboxylic acid, ketone, and ester. The amino acid sequence of 371 residues of HdRed deduced from the cDNA showed 18-60% identities to those of aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily enzymes, such as human aldose reductase, halophilic bacterium reductase, and sea hare norsolorinic acid (a polyketide derivative) reductase-like protein. Catalytic residues and cofactor binding residues known in AKR superfamily enzymes were fairly well conserved in HdRed. Phylogenetic analysis for HdRed and AKR superfamily enzymes indicated that HdRed is an AKR belonging to a novel family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Mochizuki
- From the Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Ryuji Nishiyama
- From the Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Akira Inoue
- From the Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Takao Ojima
- From the Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Linton SM, Cameron MS, Gray MC, Donald JA, Saborowski R, von Bergen M, Tomm JM, Allardyce BJ. A glycosyl hydrolase family 16 gene is responsible for the endogenous production of β-1,3-glucanases within decapod crustaceans. Gene 2015; 569:203-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
17
|
Rahman MM, Inoue A, Ojima T. Characterization of a GHF45 cellulase, AkEG21, from the common sea hare Aplysia kurodai. Front Chem 2014; 2:60. [PMID: 25147784 PMCID: PMC4123733 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The common sea hare Aplysia kurodai is known to be a good source for the enzymes degrading seaweed polysaccharides. Recently four cellulases, i.e., 95, 66, 45, and 21 kDa enzymes, were isolated from A. kurodai (Tsuji et al., 2013). The former three cellulases were regarded as glycosyl-hydrolase-family 9 (GHF9) enzymes, while the 21 kDa cellulase was suggested to be a GHF45 enzyme. The 21 kDa cellulase was significantly heat stable, and appeared to be advantageous in performing heterogeneous expression and protein-engineering study. In the present study, we determined some enzymatic properties of the 21 kDa cellulase and cloned its cDNA to provide the basis for the protein engineering study of this cellulase. The purified 21 kDa enzyme, termed AkEG21 in the present study, hydrolyzed carboxymethyl cellulose with an optimal pH and temperature at 4.5 and 40°C, respectively. AkEG21 was considerably heat-stable, i.e., it was not inactivated by the incubation at 55°C for 30 min. AkEG21 degraded phosphoric-acid-swollen cellulose producing cellotriose and cellobiose as major end products but hardly degraded oligosaccharides smaller than tetrasaccharide. This indicated that AkEG21 is an endolytic β-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4). A cDNA of 1013 bp encoding AkEG21 was amplified by PCR and the amino-acid sequence of 197 residues was deduced. The sequence comprised the initiation Met, the putative signal peptide of 16 residues for secretion and the catalytic domain of 180 residues, which lined from the N-terminus in this order. The sequence of the catalytic domain showed 47–62% amino-acid identities to those of GHF45 cellulases reported in other mollusks. Both the catalytic residues and the N-glycosylation residues known in other GHF45 cellulases were conserved in AkEG21. Phylogenetic analysis for the amino-acid sequences suggested the close relation between AkEG21 and fungal GHF45 cellulases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Rahman
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Division of Applied Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University Hakodate, Japan ; Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Akira Inoue
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Division of Applied Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University Hakodate, Japan
| | - Takao Ojima
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Division of Applied Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University Hakodate, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kumagai Y, Satoh T, Inoue A, Ojima T. A laminaribiose-hydrolyzing enzyme, AkLab, from the common sea hare Aplysia kurodai and its transglycosylation activity. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 167:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
19
|
Kim EJ, Fathoni A, Jeong GT, Jeong HD, Nam TJ, Kong IS, Kim JK. Microbacterium oxydans, a novel alginate- and laminarin-degrading bacterium for the reutilization of brown-seaweed waste. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 130:153-159. [PMID: 24076515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for the efficient treatment of seaweed waste. We identified six bacterial strains from the marine environment for the reutilization of brown-seaweed waste, and the most potentially useful strain, Microbacterium oxydans, was chosen and further investigated. Plate assays indicated that this bacterial isolate possessed both alginate lyase and laminarinase activities. The optimal inoculum size, pH, temperature and substrate concentration for the degradation of brown-seaweed polysaccharides by the isolate were as follows: 20% (v v(-1)), pH 6.0, 37 °C, and 5 g L(-1) for alginate and 20% (v v(-1)), pH 6.0, 30 °C, and 10 g L(-1) for laminarin, respectively. During 6 d in culture under the optimal conditions, the isolate produced 0.17 g L(-1) of reducing sugars from alginate with 11.0 U mL(-1) of maximal alginate lyase activity, and 5.11 and 2.88 g L(-1) of reducing sugars and glucose from laminarin, respectively. In particular, a fair amount of laminarin was degraded to glucose (28.8%) due to the isolate's exolytic laminarinase activity. As a result, the reutilization of brown-seaweed waste by this isolate appears to be possible for the production of reducing sugars as a valuable resource. This is the first study to directly demonstrate the ability of M. oxydans to degrade both alginate and laminarin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Satoh T, Inoue A, Ojima T. Characterization of an α-glucosidase, HdAgl, from the digestive fluid of Haliotis discus hannai. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 166:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
21
|
Sova VV, Pesentseva MS, Zakharenko AM, Kovalchuk SN, Zvyagintseva TN. Glycosidases of marine organisms. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 78:746-59. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913070079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
22
|
Bwanganga Tawaba JC, Destain J, Malumba Kamba P, Béra F, Thonart P. Effect of the use of dilute alkaline prior to Bacillus subtilis-based biocontrol steeping and germination conditions on red sorghum malt β-glucanase activities and residual β-glucans. J Cereal Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Li J, Tong T, Ko DO, Kang SG. Antithrombotic potential of extracts from abalone, Haliotis Discus Hannai Ino: In vitro and animal studies. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
24
|
Enzymatic properties and primary structures of two α-amylase isozymes from the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 164:80-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
25
|
Pesentseva MS, Kovalchuk SN, Anastyuk SD, Kusaykin MI, Sova VV, Rasskazov VA, Zvyagintseva TN. Endo-(1→3)-β-d-glucanase GI from marine mollusk Littorina sitkana: Amino acid sequence and ESIMS/MS-estimated features of transglycosylation and hydrolysis reactions in comparison to analogous enzyme LIV from Pseudocardium sachalinensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
26
|
Rahman MM, Inoue A, Tanaka H, Ojima T. cDNA cloning of an alginate lyase from a marine gastropod Aplysia kurodai and assessment of catalytically important residues of this enzyme. Biochimie 2011; 93:1720-30. [PMID: 21689718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Herbivorous marine gastropods such as abalone and sea hare ingest brown algae as a major diet and degrade the dietary alginate with alginate lyase (EC 4.2.2.3) in their digestive fluid. To date alginate lyases from Haliotidae species such as abalone have been well characterized and the primary structure analyses have classified abalone enzymes into polysaccharide-lyase-family 14 (PL-14). However, other gastropod enzymes have not been so well investigated and only partial amino-acid sequences are currently available. To improve the knowledge for primary structure and catalytic residues of gastropod alginate lyases, we cloned the cDNA encoding an alginate lyase, AkAly30, from an Aplysiidae species Aplysia kurodai and assessed its catalytically important residues by site-directed mutagenesis. Alginate lyase cDNA fragments were amplified by PCR followed by 5'- and 3'-RACE from A. kurodai hepatopancreas cDNA. The finally cloned cDNA comprised 1313 bp which encoded an amino-acid sequence of 295 residues of AkAly30. The deduced sequence comprised an initiation methionine, a putative signal peptide for secretion (18 residues), a propeptide-like region (9 residues), and a mature AkAly30 domain (267 residues) which showed ∼40% amino-acid identity with abalone alginate lyases. An Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)-pCold I expression system for recombinant AkAly30 (recAkAly30) was constructed and site-directed mutagenesis was performed to assess catalytically important amino-acid residues which had been suggested in abalone and Chlorella virus PL-14 enzymes. Replacements of K99, S126, R128, Y140 and Y142 of recAkAly30 by Ala and/or Phe greatly decreased its activity as in the case of abalone and/or Chlorella virus enzymes. Whereas, H213 that was essential for Chlorella virus enzyme to exhibit the activity at pH 10.0 was originally replaced by N120 in AkAly30. The reverse replacement of N120 by His in recAkAly30 increased the activity at pH 10.0 from 8 U/mg to 93 U/mg; however, the activity level at pH 7.0, i.e., 774.8 U/mg, was still much higher than that at pH 10.0. This indicates that N120 is not directly related to the pH dependence of AkAly30 unlike H213 of vAL-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Matiur Rahman
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato-cho 3-1-1, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Duan F, Lu X. Enzymatic properties and kinetics of an endo-β-1,3-glucanase of Mitsuaria chitosanitabida H12 and preparation of 1,3-β-d-glucooligosaccharides from yeast β-glucan. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
28
|
Allardyce BJ, Linton SM. Characterisation of cellulose and hemicellulose digestion in land crabs with special reference to Gecarcoidea natalis. AUST J ZOOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/zo11054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the current knowledge of cellulose and hemicellulose digestion by herbivorous land crabs using the gecarcinid Gecarcoidea natalis as a model species for this group. Cellulose digestion in the gecarcinids is hypothesised to require mechanical fragmentation and enzymatic hydrolysis. Mechanical fragmentation is achieved by the chelae, mandibles and gastric mill, which reduce the material to particles less than 53 µm. The gastric mill shows adaptations towards a plant diet; in particular, there are transverse ridges on the medial and lateral teeth and ventral cusps on the lateral teeth that complement and interlock to provide efficient cutting surfaces. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose is achieved through cellulase and hemicellulase enzymes. In the gecarcinids, 2–3 endo-β-1,4-glucanases, one β-glucohydrolase and a laminarinase have been identified. The endo-β-1,4-glucanases are multifunctional, with both endo-β-1,4-glucanase and lichenase activity. Complete cellulose hydrolysis is achieved through the synergistic action of the endo-β-1,4-glucanase and β-glucohydrolase. The evidence for the endogenous production of the cellulase and hemicellulase enzymes, their evolutionary origin and possible evolution in invertebrates as they colonised land is also discussed.
Collapse
|
29
|
Rahman MM, Inoue A, Tanaka H, Ojima T. Isolation and characterization of two alginate lyase isozymes, AkAly28 and AkAly33, from the common sea hare Aplysia kurodai. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 157:317-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
30
|
Bragatto I, Genta FA, Ribeiro AF, Terra WR, Ferreira C. Characterization of a β-1,3-glucanase active in the alkaline midgut of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae and its relation to β-glucan-binding proteins. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 40:861-872. [PMID: 20816775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda β-1,3-glucanase (SLam) was purified from larval midgut. It has a molecular mass of 37.5 kDa, an alkaline optimum pH of 9.0, is active against β-1,3-glucan (laminarin), but cannot hydrolyze yeast β-1,3-1,6-glucan or other polysaccharides. The enzyme is an endoglucanase with low processivity (0.4), and is not inhibited by high concentrations of substrate. In contrast to other digestive β-1,3-glucanases from insects, SLam is unable to lyse Saccharomyces cerevisae cells. The cDNA encoding SLam was cloned and sequenced, showing that the protein belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family 16 as other insect glucanases and glucan-binding proteins. Multiple sequence alignment of β-1,3-glucanases and β-glucan-binding protein supports the assumption that the β-1,3-glucanase gene duplicated in the ancestor of mollusks and arthropods. One copy originated the derived β-1,3-glucanases by the loss of an extended N-terminal region and the β-glucan-binding proteins by the loss of the catalytic residues. SLam homology modeling suggests that E228 may affect the ionization of the catalytic residues, thus displacing the enzyme pH optimum. SLam antiserum reacts with a single protein in the insect midgut. Immunocytolocalization shows that the enzyme is present in secretory vesicles and glycocalyx from columnar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bragatto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, 05513-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Song JM, Nam K, Sun YU, Kang MH, Kim CG, Kwon ST, Lee J, Lee YH. Molecular and biochemical characterizations of a novel arthropod endo-β-1,3-glucanase from the Antarctic springtail, Cryptopygus antarcticus, horizontally acquired from bacteria. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 155:403-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
32
|
Isolation and characterization of two types of β-1,3-glucanases from the common sea hare Aplysia kurodai. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 155:138-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|