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Wang Y, Peng X, Zhou Z, Tang C, Liu W. Effects of Bushen Yiyuan recipe on testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells of rats with exercise-induced low serum testosterone levels. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1670-1678. [PMID: 36063102 PMCID: PMC9448381 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2110126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bushen Yiyuan recipe (BYR) is an effective Chinese prescription with antifatigue and antioxidation effects. OBJECTIVE The effects of BYR on testosterone synthesis in rat Leydig cells with exercise-induced low serum testosterone levels (EILST) are assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were chronically trained for 6 weeks to establish an EILST model. EILST rats were divided into model (physiological saline), EFE (700 mg/kg ethanol extract of Epimedii folium, the dried leaves of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim [Berberidaceae]), and BYR groups (350 and 700 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Expression of HMG-CoA, LDL-R, SR-BI, STAR and CYP11A1 were quantified by RT qPCR and Western blots. RESULTS Compared with the model group (115.52 ± 13.05 μg/dL; 67.83 ± 14.29; 0.32 ± 0.04; 0.33 ± 0.02; 0.38 ± 0.01), serum testosterone, testosterone/cortisol ratio, HMG-CoA, STAR and CYP11A1 relative protein expression significantly increased in low-dose BYR (210.60 ± 5.08 μg/dL; 119.38 ± 13.02; 0.47 ± 0.01; 0.46 ± 0.03; 0.46 ± 0.02), high-dose BYR (220.57 ± 14.71 μg/dL; 124.26 ± 14.79; 0.49 ± 0.02; 0.42 ± 0.03; 0.51 ± 0.02), and EFE groups (206.83 ± 5.54 μg/dL; 119.53 ± 25.04; 0.45 ± 0.02; 0.42 ± 0.02; 0.41 ± 0.02) (all p < 0.01, except for CYP11A1 in EFE group). HMG-CoA, STAR and CYP11A1 mRNA relative expression significantly increased in low-dose and high-dose BYR group compared to model group (all p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS BYR affects endogenous cholesterol synthesis and testosterone synthesis to prevent and treat EILST levels in rats. It can improve the body's sports ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Wang
- Institute of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Sports Vocational College, Changsha, China
| | - Xiyang Peng
- Institute of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihong Zhou
- Hunan Sports Vocational College, Changsha, China
| | - Changfa Tang
- Institute of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Institute of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Sun Y, Fu D, Liu B, Wang L, Chen H. Functional Characterization of Allatostatin C (PISCF/AST) and Juvenile Hormone Acid O-Methyltransferase in Dendroctonus armandi. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052749. [PMID: 35269892 PMCID: PMC8910878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allatostatin C (PISCF/AST) is a neuropeptide gene that affects juvenile hormone (JH) synthesis in the corpora allata. Juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase (JHAMT) is a key gene in the JH biosynthetic pathway. In this study, two genes encoding DaAST and DaJHAMT were cloned. Both DaAST and DaJHAMT were expressed in the larvae, pupae and adults of Chinese white pine beetle (Dendroctonus armandi), and highly expressed in the head and the gut. The expression of the two genes was induced by JH analog (JHA) methoprene and the functions of the two genes were then investigated by RNAi. Considering the role of hormones in metamorphosis, JHA significantly induced DaAST and DaJHAMT in the larval stage. DaAST knockdown in larvae, pupae and adults significantly increased the DaJHAMT mRNA levels. Moreover, knockdown of DaAST instead of DaJHAMT increased pupae mortality and the abnormal rate of emergence morphology and reduced emergence rates. However, knockdown of DaJHAMT instead of DaAST significantly reduced frontalin biosynthesis in adult males. The results showed that DaAST acts as an allatostatin and inhibits JH biosynthesis, and that JHAMT is a key regulatory enzyme for JH synthesis in the D. armandi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (D.F.); (B.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Danyang Fu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (D.F.); (B.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (D.F.); (B.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Linjun Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (D.F.); (B.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-02085280256
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Sun Y, Fu D, Kang X, Liu B, Ning H, Chen H. Function of mevalonate pathway genes in the synthesis of frontalin in Chinese white pine beetle, Dendroctonus armandi (curculionidae: Scolytinae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 107:e21828. [PMID: 34173689 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese white pine beetle (Dendroctonus armandi Tsai and Li) is a significant pest of pine forests in the Qinling and Bashan Mountains of China. Adult males commonly produce frontalin using precursors synthesized through the mevalonate pathway, which is regulated by juvenile hormone III (JHIII). In this study, the expression levels of mevalonate pathway genes were quantified after phloem feeding and topical application of the JHIII solution. The frontalin was quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both the phloem feeding and JHIII treatments produced an evident upregulation in the male gut, mainly in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGS) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR). Moreover, HMGS, HMGR, isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase, and geranyl diphosphate synthase/farnesyl diphosphate synthase were upregulated in fed and JHIII-stimulated males of D. armandi under both conditions (solitary and paired). The expression levels were higher in paired compared to solitary males. Males had higher expression levels compared with females. Correspondingly, the phloem-feeding males produced more frontalin than JHIII-treated males, and the production of frontalin was higher in paired males than in solitary males. The knockdown of mevalonate pathway genes using RNAi in vivo effectively reduced the messenger RNA level of these genes and inhibited the production of frontalin. Among them, the silencing of HMGR or HMGS genes reduced the synthesis of frontalin most significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Sun
- College of Forestry, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Danyang Fu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaotong Kang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hang Ning
- College of Forestry, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Forestry, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Sun Y, Dai L, Kang X, Fu D, Gao H, Chen H. Isolation and expression of five genes in the mevalonate pathway of the Chinese white pine beetle, Dendroctonus armandi (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 106:e21760. [PMID: 33231898 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese white pine beetle Dendroctonus armandi (Tsai and Li) is a significant pest of the Qinling and Bashan Mountains pine forests of China. The Chinese white pine beetle can overcome the defences of Chinese white pine Pinus armandi (Franch) through pheromone-assisted aggregation that results in a mass attack of host trees. We isolated five full-length complementary DNAs encoding mevalonate pathway-related enzyme genes from the Chinese white pine beetle (D. armandi), which are acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (AACT), geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS), mevalonate kinase (MK), mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (MPDC), and phosphomevalonate kinase (PMK). Bioinformatic analyses were performed on the full-length deduced amino acid sequences. Differential expression of these five genes was observed between sexes, and within these significant differences among topically applied juvenile hormone III (JH III), fed on phloem of P. armandi, tissue distribution, and development stage. Mevalonate pathway genes expression were induced by JH III and feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Sun
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lulu Dai
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaotong Kang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Danyang Fu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiming Gao
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (South China Agricultural University), College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Dai L, Wang Y, Chen H. Molecular characterization and expression of two enzymes from Dendroctonus armandi, with phloem feeding and juvenile hormone. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 252:110537. [PMID: 33227420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese white pine beetle, Dendroctonus armandi Tsai and Li, is a serious native pest in the Qinling Mountains of China. exo-Bevicomin, as the main component of bark beetle pheromone, is released by the female D. armandi. In this paper, we identified two genes encoding, (Z)-6-nonen-2-ol dehydrogenase and CYP6CR, that are known to be involved in xo-brevicomin synthesis to improve the understanding of exo-brevicomin biosynthesis in the Chinese white pine beetle. The two protiens had high homology with their orthologs in the exo-brevicomin biosynthesis pathway from D. ponderosae. The expression profiles of CYP6CR12 and DaZnoDH in D. armandi females are closely correlated with exo-brevicomin biosynthesis. The expression levels of CYP6CR12 and DaZnoDH are also regulated by feeding behavior and juvenile hormone levels. Since they are also expressed in males, CYP6CR12 and DaZnoDH are not only important for exo-brevicomin biosynthesis that this might be potential role for the semichemical biosysthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Dai
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources (South China Agricultural University), Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Sarabia LE, López MF, Obregón-Molina G, Cano-Ramírez C, Sánchez-Martínez G, Zúñiga G. The Differential Expression of Mevalonate Pathway Genes in the Gut of the Bark Beetle Dendroctonus rhizophagus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Is Unrelated to the de Novo Synthesis of Terpenoid Pheromones. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4011. [PMID: 31426479 PMCID: PMC6721070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bark beetles commonly produce de novo terpenoid pheromones using precursors synthesized through the mevalonate pathway. This process is regulated by Juvenile Hormone III (JH III). In this work, the expression levels of mevalonate pathway genes were quantified after phloem feeding-to induce the endogenous synthesis of JH III-and after the topical application of a JH III solution. The mevalonate pathway genes from D. rhizophagus were cloned, molecularly characterized, and their expression levels were quantified. Also, the terpenoid compounds produced in the gut were identified and quantified by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The feeding treatment produced an evident upregulation, mainly in acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (AACT), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGS), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), phosphomevalonate kinase (PMK), and isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IPPI) genes, and males reached higher expression levels compared to females. In contrast, the JH III treatment did not present a clear pattern of upregulation in any sex or time. Notably, the genes responsible for the synthesis of frontalin and ipsdienol precursors (geranyl diphosphate synthase/farnesyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS/FPPS) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS)) were not clearly upregulated, nor were these compounds further identified. Furthermore, trans-verbenol and myrtenol were the most abundant compounds in the gut, which are derived from an α-pinene transformation rather than de novo synthesis. Hence, the expression of mevalonate pathway genes in D. rhizophagus gut is not directed to the production of terpenoid pheromones, regardless of their frequent occurrence in the genus Dendroctonus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Elisa Sarabia
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela, Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City CP 11340, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda López
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela, Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Obregón-Molina
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela, Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Claudia Cano-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela, Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Sánchez-Martínez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Pabellón, Km. 32.5 Carr. Ags.-Zac., Pabellón de Arteaga, Ags. CP 20660, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela, Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City CP 11340, Mexico.
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