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Castro JM, Bianchi VA, Felici E, De Anna JS, Venturino A, Luquet CM. Effects of Dietary Copper and Escherichia coli Challenge on the Immune Response and Gill Oxidative Balance in the Freshwater Mussel Diplodon chilensis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:154-165. [PMID: 36282013 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Copper is a water and sediment pollutant that can be biomagnified by phytoplankton, and it often co-occurs with fecal bacteria. We addressed the combined effects of copper and Escherichia coli on the immune response and gill oxidative balance of the freshwater mussel Diplodon chilensis. Bivalves were sorted into four groups fed with 1) control algae, 2) bacteria (E. coli), 3) copper-enriched algae (Cu2+ ) algae, and 4) copper-enriched algae followed by bacteria (Cu2+ + E. coli). Cellular and humoral immune and cytotoxic variables were analyzed in hemolymph, and detoxifying/antioxidant enzyme activities (glutathione S-transferase [GST] and catalase [CAT]) and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]) were studied in gill tissue. The total hemocyte number increased after Cu2+ exposure, independently of the E. coli challenge. The proportion of hyalinocytes significantly diminished in the E. coli and Cu2+ groups but not in Cu2+ + E. coli groups; granulocytes significantly increased with E. coli but not with Cu2+ + E. coli treatments. Phagocytic activity was higher in all treatments than in control mussels. Acid phosphatase activity was increased by E. coli and inhibited by Cu2+ and Cu2+ + E. coli. Both E. coli and Cu2+ but not Cu2+ + E. coli augmented alkaline phosphatase activity. The Cu2+ and Cu2+ + E. coli treatments reduced the lysosomal membrane stability and cell viability. Humoral bacteriolytic and phenol oxidase activities were not affected by any treatment. The Cu2+ treatment induced gill CAT and GST activities and increased TBARS levels. The Cu2+ + E. coli treatment reversed this CAT and GST stimulation and increased the Cu2+ effect on TBARS. Dietary Cu2+ affects bivalves' immunological and oxidative status and impairs defensive responses against bacteria. In turn, E. coli potentiates the gill oxidative effects of Cu2+ . Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:154-165. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Castro
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Virginia A Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Emiliano Felici
- Instituto de Química de San Luis, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Julieta S De Anna
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Andrés Venturino
- Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (CITAAC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Luquet
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
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Wang J, Thaimuangphol W, Chen Z, Li G, Gong X, Zhao M, Chen Z, Wang B, Wang Z. A C1q domain-containing protein in Pinctada fucata contributes to the innate immune response and elimination of the pathogen. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:582-589. [PMID: 36280130 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The C1q domain-containing proteins (C1qDCs) in bivalve mollusks primarily exist as the globular head C1q proteins (ghC1qs), for the N-terminal collagen domains were very rare in bivalves, although widespread in C1qDCs of vertebrates. In this work, the C1qDC protein with only a ghC1q domain (named as Pf-ghC1q) was identified from Pinctada fucata, and molecular characterization, gene expression, and functional studies were also conducted. The full-length cDNA sequence of Pf-ghC1q was 738 bp long, containing a signal peptide of 23 residues encoded. Pf-ghC1q was clustered with some C1qDCs from other invertebrates in the phylogenetic tree analysis, rather than vertebrates. Pf-ghC1q was detected in all tested tissues, including the mantle, hemocyte, digestive gland, gill, and adductor muscle. Moreover, the expression levels of Pf-ghC1q were up-regulated in all tested tissues after the challenge with Vibrio alginolyticus 4 h later. The expression level of Pf-ghC1q was inhibited by specific si-276, and the low level of Pf-ghC1q affected the phagocytosis efficiency of V. alginolyticus by hemocytes. These results indicated that Pf-ghC1q may participate in the target recognition of V. alginolyticus and the phagocytosis process in the immune response of P. fucata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Wipavee Thaimuangphol
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Guiying Li
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zongfa Chen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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Bai L, He W, Fan S, Liu B, Zhou T, Zhang D, Zhang D, Yu D. Multiple functions of thymosin β4 in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata suggest its multiple potential roles in artificial pearl culture. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:23-31. [PMID: 32348884 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thymosin β4 is a multifunctional protein in vertebrates that participates in physiological processes, such as wound healing, immune response, cell proliferation and migration. We assessed the multifarious roles of this small peptide in Pinctada fucata, an oyster commonly used in pearl culture in China. Our results showed that when P. fucata was challenged by bacterial pathogens or LPS, the relative expression level of Pfthymosin β4 mRNA was significantly up-regulated, suggesting its involvement in immune response of the animal. Recombinant Pfthymosin β4 (rPfthymosin β4) was produced and showed in vitro different antibacterial activities against different pathogenic bacteria; the inhibitory effect of rPfthymosin β4 on bacterial growth was relatively stronger in the broth culture than agar culture. The overexpression of Pfthymosin β4 in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells could improve their resistance to Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and H2O2, suggesting that Pfthymosin β4 is likely involved with antioxidant. rPfthymosin β4 also significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells as indicated by MTT assay and cell scratch assay, respectively. In addition, chemically synthesized or recombinant Pfthymosin β4 could transiently increase the circulating total hemocytes counts but down-regulated by RNAi in P. fucata. Taking together above results and previous studies suggested that Pfthymosin β4 is potentially able to promote wound healing through enhancing antibacterial activity and antioxidant capacity, promotion of cell proliferation and migration, and increase of circulating hemocytes in P. fucata due to nucleus implantation injury. Thus, the future of recombinant Pfthymosin β4 should be promising in the culture of pearls in P. fucata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Bai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, PR China
| | - Wenyao He
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Sigang Fan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Baosuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | | | - Dianchang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dahui Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, PR China.
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Vazzana M, Mauro M, Ceraulo M, Dioguardi M, Papale E, Mazzola S, Arizza V, Beltrame F, Inguglia L, Buscaino G. Underwater high frequency noise: Biological responses in sea urchin Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 242:110650. [PMID: 31923630 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Marine life is extremely sensitive to the effects of environmental noise due to its reliance on underwater sounds for basic life functions, such as searching for food and mating. However, the effects on invertebrate species are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical responses of Arbacia lixula exposed to high-frequency noise. Protein concentration, enzyme activity (esterase, phosphatase and peroxidase) and cytotoxicity in coelomic fluid were compared in individuals exposed for three hours to consecutive linear sweeps of 100 to 200 kHz lasting 1 s, and control specimens. Sound pressure levels ranged between 145 and 160 dB re 1μPa. Coelomic fluid was extracted and the gene and protein expression of HSP70 with RT-PCR was evaluated on coelomocytes. A significant change was found in enzyme activity and in the expression of the HSP70 gene and protein compared to the control. These results suggested that high-frequency stimuli elicit a noise-induced physiological stress response in A. lixula, confirming the vulnerability of this species to acoustic exposure. Furthermore, these findings provide the first evidence that cell-free coelomic fluid can be used as a signal to evaluate noise exposure in marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Vazzana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18 - 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Manuela Mauro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18 - 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Ceraulo
- BioacousticsLab, Institute for the Study of Anthropogenic Impacts and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (IAS), Unit of Capo Granitola, National Research Council, Via del Mare 3, 91021 Torretta Granitola (TP), Italy
| | - Maria Dioguardi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18 - 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Elena Papale
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mazzola
- BioacousticsLab, Institute for the Study of Anthropogenic Impacts and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (IAS), Unit of Capo Granitola, National Research Council, Via del Mare 3, 91021 Torretta Granitola (TP), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18 - 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Beltrame
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, Via All'Opera Pia, 13, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi Inguglia
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18 - 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Buscaino
- BioacousticsLab, Institute for the Study of Anthropogenic Impacts and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (IAS), Unit of Capo Granitola, National Research Council, Via del Mare 3, 91021 Torretta Granitola (TP), Italy
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Loaiza I, Pillet M, De Boeck G, De Troch M. Peruvian scallop Argopecten purpuratus: From a key aquaculture species to a promising biondicator species. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124767. [PMID: 31518925 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study analyzed the Peruvian scallop Argopecten purpuratus and its food sources for metal and fatty acid concentrations in order to determine spatial and temporal differences. Metals such as copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in gills and iron (Fe) and Zn in sediments were the most significant explaining factors for spatial differentiations (degree of contamination), while for fatty acids, it was C14:0, C15:0, C16:0 and C18:0 in A. purpuratus' muscle and in its food sources, which explained more temporal differences (El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effect). Gills, digestive gland and intestine were the tissues where metal accumulation was the highest in A. purpuratus. Cd in digestive gland was always high, up to ∼250-fold higher than in other tissues, as previously reported in other bioindicator species for metal pollution. Fatty acids were good biomarkers when annual comparisons were performed, while metals when locations were compared. ENSO 2017 played an important role to disentangle A. purpuratus' biological conditions and food sources. A. purpuratus from Paracas locations mostly showed higher metal concentrations in gills and digestive glands, and lower fatty acid concentrations in muscle than those from Sechura and Illescas Reserved Zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Loaiza
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; University of Antwerp, SPHERE - Systematic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; Carrera de Biología Marina, Universidad Científica del Sur. Av, Antigua Carretera Panamericana Sur km 19 Villa El Salvador, Lima, 42, Peru.
| | - M Pillet
- University of Antwerp, SPHERE - Systematic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - G De Boeck
- University of Antwerp, SPHERE - Systematic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M De Troch
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Xing Q, Wang J, Zhao Q, Liao H, Xun X, Yang Z, Huang X, Bao Z. Alternative splicing, spatiotemporal expression of TEP family genes in Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) and their disparity in responses to ocean acidification. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:203-212. [PMID: 31610293 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The complement system constitutes a highly sophisticated and powerful body defense machinery acting in the innate immunity of both vertebrates and invertebrates. As central components of the complement system, significant effects of thioester-containing protein (TEP) family members on immunity have been reported in most vertebrates and in some invertebrates, but the spatiotemporal expression and regulatory patterns of TEP family genes under environmental stress have been less widely investigated in scallops. In this study, expression profiling of TEP family members in the Yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis (designated PyTEPs) was performed at all developmental stages, in different healthy adult tissues, and in mantles during exposure to different levels of acidification (pH = 6.5 and 7.5) for different time points (3, 6, 12 and 24 h); this profiling was accomplished through in silico analysis of transcriptome and genome databases. Spatiotemporal expression patterns revealed that PyTEPs had specific functional differentiation in all stages of growth and development of the scallop. Expression analysis confirmed the inducible expression patterns of PyTEPs during exposure to acidification. Gene duplication and alternative splicing events simultaneously occurred in PyTEP1. Seven different cDNA variants of PyTEP1 (designated PyTEP1-A-PyTEP1-G) were identified in the scallop mantle transcriptome during acidic stress. These variants were produced by the alternative splicing of seven differentially transcribed exons (exons 18-24), which encode the highly variable central region. The responses to immune stress may have arisen through the gene duplication and alternative splicing of PyTEP1. The sequence diversity of PyTEP1 isoforms and their different expression profiles in response to ocean acidification (OA) suggested a mechanism used by scallops to differentiate and regulate PyTEP1 gene expression. Collectively, these results demonstrate the gene duplication and alternative splicing of TEP family genes and provide valuable resources for elucidating their versatile roles in bivalve innate immune responses to OA challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Yantai Marine Economic Research Institute, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Huan Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaogang Xun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zujing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaoting Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Effects of Marine Toxin Domoic Acid on Innate Immune Responses in Bay Scallop Argopecten irradians. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse7110407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Domoic acid (DA) is an amnesic shellfish poisoning toxin produced by some species of the genera Pseudo-nitzschia and Nitzschia. This toxin has harmful effects on various species, especially scallops. This study aimed to investigate the effects of DA exposure on the immune and physical responses of bay scallop, Argopecten irradians. Various immunological and physical parameters were assessed (acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipid peroxide (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), and the total protein content) in the haemolymph of scallops at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h post-exposure to DA at different concentrations (10, 50, and 100 ng/mL). Moreover, the expression of immune-related genes (CLT-6, FREP, HSP90, MT, PGRP, and PrxV) was assessed. The activities of ACP, ALP, and LDH and the total protein content and LPO increased upon exposure to DA at different concentrations, while NO levels were decreased. Furthermore, immune-related genes were assessed upon DA exposure. Our results showed that exposure to DA negatively impacts immune function and disrupts physiological activities in bay scallops.
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Konada RSR, Krishnapati LS, Ashapogu V, Lin CH, Nadimpalli SK. Comparative analysis of β-hexosaminidase and acid phosphatase from Hydra vulgaris Ind-Pune, H. vulgaris Naukuchiatal and H. magnipapillata sf-1: Localization studies of acid phosphatase and β-hexosaminidase from H. vulgaris Ind-Pune. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 239:110365. [PMID: 31629812 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present report describes a comprehensive study on comparative biochemical characterization of two lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase and β-hexosaminidase in three different strains of Hydra; Hydra vulgaris Ind-Pune, H. vulgaris Naukuchiatal and H. magnipapillata sf-1 (self-feeder-1). Since morphology and habitat of Hydra effect lysosomal enzymes and their response to environmental pollutants, it would be interesting to identify them in different Hydra strains so as to use them as toxicity testing. Preliminary studies revealed a differential expression of acid phosphatase, β-hexosaminidase and β-glucuronidase in three Hydra strains. Expression of all three lysosomal enzymes in H. vulgaris Ind-Pune was low in comparison to H. vulgaris Naukuchiatal and H. magnipapillata sf-1, while their expression is comparable in H. vulgaris Naukuchiatal and H. magnipapillata sf-1. The Michaelis-Menten (KM) values for lysosomal β-hexosaminidase using 4-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide as substrate were found to be 1.3 mM, 1.1 mM and 0.8 mM, respectively for H. vulgaris Ind-Pune, H. vulgaris Naukuchiatal and H. magnipapillata sf-1. For acid phosphatase using 4-nitrophenyl-phosphate as substrate, the KM values were 0.38 mM, 1.2 mM and 0.52 mM respectively, for H. vulgaris Ind-Pune, H. vulgaris Naukuchiatal and sf-1 strains. The optimum temperature for β-hexosaminidase was 60 °C for H. vulgaris Ind-Pune, while 50 °C was observed for H. vulgaris Naukuchiatal and sf-1 strains. The optimum pH for β-hexosaminidase was found to be 6.0 for H. vulgaris Ind-Pune and H. vulgaris Naukuchiatal, and 5.0 for sf-1. The optimum temperature and pH of acid phosphatase was similar in all three strains, viz., 40 °C and 3.0, respectively. Preliminary localization studies using whole mount in situ hybridization revealed predominant endodermal expression of three enzymes in H. vulgaris Ind-Pune. Our results thus support the conservation of lysosomal hydrolases in Hydra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sai Reddy Konada
- Protein Biochemistry and Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Lakshmi Surekha Krishnapati
- Protein Biochemistry and Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Venugopal Ashapogu
- Protein Biochemistry and Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Chung-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Siva Kumar Nadimpalli
- Protein Biochemistry and Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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Chi C, Yun S, Giri SS, Kim HJ, Kim SW, Kang JW, Park SC. Effect of the Algicide Thiazolidinedione 49 on Immune Responses of Bay Scallop Argopecten I rradians. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193579. [PMID: 31590284 PMCID: PMC6804249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The thiazolidinedione 49 (TD49) is an effective algaecide against harmful algae; however, its potential effects on the immune function of the edible bay scallop are unclear. Therefore, the present work studied the effects of TD49 on the immune response in bay scallop by evaluating activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as nitric oxide (NO) levels, total protein content, and expression of immune genes (CTL-6, PGRP, PrxV, MT, and Cu/Zn-SOD) at 3–48 h post-exposure (hpe) to TD49. The activities of ACP and ALP significantly increased in TD49-treated groups at 3–24 hpe, whereas NO levels decreased significantly in 0.58 and 0.68 μM of TD49 at 6–24 hpe, after which the level was similar to that in the untreated control. Moreover, SOD activity significantly increased in all three concentration groups at 3–6 hpe, while it decreased at 12 hpe in the 0.68 μM TD49 treatment group. Notably, total protein content increased with TD49 treatment at each time interval. The results revealed that variable effects on the expression of immune-related genes were observed after treatment with TD49. The findings demonstrate that exposure of scallops to TD49 changes immune responses and expression of immune-related genes. We hypothesize that TD49 may disrupt immune system in bay scallop. The current investigation highlights the potential negative effects of using TD49 as an algaecide on marine economic bivalves to control harmful algal blooms in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Road 1, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Saekil Yun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–747, Korea
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–747, Korea
| | - Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–747, Korea
| | - Sang Wha Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–747, Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Kang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–747, Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–747, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-02-880-1282
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Cao R, Zhang T, Li X, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Yang D, Qu Y, Liu H, Dong Z, Zhao J. Seawater acidification increases copper toxicity: A multi-biomarker approach with a key marine invertebrate, the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 210:167-178. [PMID: 30870663 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) has been found to increase the release of free Cu2+ in seawater. However, only a handful of studies have investigated the influence of OA on Cu accumulation and cellular toxicity in bivalve species. In this study, Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, were exposed to 25 μg/L Cu2+ at three pH levels (8.1, 7.8 and 7.6) for 14 and 28 days. Physiological and histopathological parameters [(clearance rate (CR), respiration rate (RR), histopathological damage and condition index (CI)), oxidative stress and neurotoxicity biomarkers [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione transferase (GST) activities, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity], combined with glycolytic enzyme activities [pyruvate kinase (PK) and hexokinase (HK)] were investigated in C. gigas. The bioconcentration of Cu was increased in soft tissues of Cu-exposed oysters under OA. Our results suggest that both OA and Cu could lead to physiological disturbance, oxidative stress, cellular damage, disturbance in energy metabolism and neurotoxicity in oysters. The inhibited CR, increased glycolytic enzymes activities and decreased CI suggested that the energy metabolism strategy adopted by oysters was not sustainable in the long term. Furthermore, integrated biomarker response (IBR) results found that OA and Cu exposure lead to severe stress to oysters, and co-exposure was the most stressful condition. Results from this study highlight the need to include OA in future environmental assessments of pollutants and hazardous materials to better elucidate the risks of those environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwen Cao
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xiao Li
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yuting Zhao
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China
| | - Dinglong Yang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China
| | - Yi Qu
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China
| | - Zhijun Dong
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
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11
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Cao C, Wang WX. Chronic effects of copper in oysters Crassostrea hongkongensis under different exposure regimes as shown by NMR-based metabolomics. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:2428-2435. [PMID: 28252223 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Traditional metal toxicity tests on organisms have mainly focused on continuous exposure at a fixed concentration. However, organisms are more likely exposed to pollutants intermittently in estuarine environments that are significantly impacted by anthropogenic activity. The present study examined whether different copper (Cu) exposure regimes at an equivalent dose can induce different metabolomics effects on the oysters. An estuarine oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis was exposed to Cu continuously or intermittently at an equal dose (time × concentration) for 6 wk. Continuous exposure regimes included 2 doses of 3.3 μg/L for 24 h and 20 μg/L for 24 h, with corresponding equal doses of 2 intermittent exposure regimes of 20 μg/L for 4 h and 120 μg/L for 4 h, respectively. Time-course measurements suggested that Cu bioaccumulation was comparable at equal low doses between the continuous regime (3.3 μg/L for 24 h) and the intermittent regime (20 μg/L for 4 h), but there was considerable difference for the high dose under different regimes. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics suggested that continuous and intermittent Cu exposures led to similar metabolite variation pattern in gills at an equal high dose, including decreased amino acids (e.g., aspartate, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, and valine), lower energy-related compounds (e.g., adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate, acetate, citrate, and glycogen), and altered osmolytes (e.g., homarine and taurine). These biomarkers indicated disturbance of osmotic regulation and energy metabolism induced by Cu exposure regardless of regime. In addition, the 4-h intermittent Cu exposure resulted in slightly fewer adverse effects compared with the corresponding equal-dose continuous exposure. Oysters appeared to recover during the intervals of Cu exposure. The results indicated that metabolomic effects induced by Cu were more dose dependent than the Cu exposure regime. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2428-2435. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cao
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Marine Environmental Laboratory, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Marine Environmental Laboratory, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Identification and comparative analysis of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata hemocytes microRNAs in response to Vibrio alginolyticus infection. Genes Genomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Chi C, Giri SS, Jun JW, Kim HJ, Kim SW, Yun S, Park SC. Effects of algal toxin okadaic acid on the non-specific immune and antioxidant response of bay scallop (Argopecten irradians). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 65:111-117. [PMID: 28323217 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA) is produced by dinoflagellates during harmful algal blooms and is a diarrhetic shellfish-poisoning (DSP) toxin. This toxin is particularly problematic for bivalves that are cultured for human consumption. This study aimed to reveal the effects of exposure to OA on the non-specific immune responses of bay scallop, Argopecten irradians. Various immunological parameters (superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lysozyme activities, and total protein level) were assessed in the hemolymph of bay scallops at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h post-exposure (hpe) to different concentrations (50, 100, and 500 nM) of OA. Moreover, the expression of immune system-related genes (MnSOD, PrxV, PGRP, and BD) was also measured. Results showed that SOD and ACP activities were decreased between 12 and 48 hpe. The ALP, lysozyme activities, and total protein levels were also modulated after exposure to different concentrations of OA. The expression of immune-system-related genes was also assessed at different time points during the exposure period. Overall, our results suggest that the exposure to OA had negative effects on the antioxidant and non-specific immune responses, and even disrupted the metabolism of bay scallops, making them more vulnerable to environmental stress-inducing agents; they provide a better understanding of the response status of bivalves against DSP toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
| | - Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea
| | - Sang Wha Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea
| | - Saekil Yun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
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Cao C, Wang WX. Copper-induced metabolic variation of oysters overwhelmed by salinity effects. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 174:331-341. [PMID: 28183059 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In estuarine environments, Cu (copper) contamination is simultaneously coupled with salinity variation. In this study, 1H NMR was applied to investigate the metabolic disturbance of estuarine oysters Crassostrea hongkongensis under both Cu and salinity stresses. Oysters were exposed to dissolved Cu (50 μg L-1) at different salinities (10, 15 and 25 psu) for six weeks, and the Cu accumulation in the oyster tissues was higher at lowered salinity. Based on the NMR-metabolomics results, disturbances induced by Cu and salinity was mainly related to osmotic regulation, energy metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism, as indicated by the alteration of important metabolic biomarkers such as alanine, citrate, glucose, glycogen, betaine, taurine, hypotaurine and homarine in the gills. At lower salinity, oysters accumulated higher energy related compounds (e.g., glucose and glycogen) and amino acids (e.g., aspartate, dimethylglycine and lysine), with the enhancement of ATP/ADP production and accumulation of oxidizable amino acids catabolized from protein breakdown. With Cu exposure, the synthesis from glycine to dimethylglycine was observed to cope with severe osmotic stress, together with the elevation of lysine and homarine. The effects induced by Cu were much similar for each salinity treatment, but the combination of Cu and salinity turned out to be consistent with the singular salinity effects. Therefore, salinity played a dominant role in affecting the metabolites of oysters when combined with Cu exposure. This study indicated that salinity should be taken into consideration in order to predict the Cu toxicity in estuarine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cao
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Pereira TM, Mattar LP, Pereira ER, Merçon J, da Silva AG, Cruz ZMA. Effects of Tin on Enzyme Activity in Holothuria grisea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 98:607-611. [PMID: 27904927 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of tin exposure on enzyme activity in the sea cucumber (Holothuria grisea Selenka, 1867). After exposure to 0 (control), 0.04, 0.08, or 0.12 mg L-1 tin, we tested the activities of total cholinesterase in longitudinal muscles, acid phosphatase in gonads and the respiratory tree, as well as alkaline phosphatase in the intestines during a 96-h bioassay. Regression analyses showed that all enzyme activities declined with increasing tin concentrations, except for acid phosphatase in the respiratory tree, which were similarly, inhibited at all tin concentrations. These results indicate that H. grisea is a potential bioindicator for seascape habitat monitoring programs, as its biochemical markers show sensitivity to trace elements that can indicate a rise in pollution levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Miura Pereira
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Ambiental e Genotoxicidade, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29.102-770, Brazil
| | - Lívia Pôncio Mattar
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Ambiental e Genotoxicidade, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29.102-770, Brazil
| | - Edgar Rocha Pereira
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Ambiental e Genotoxicidade, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29.102-770, Brazil
| | - Julia Merçon
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Ambiental e Genotoxicidade, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29.102-770, Brazil
| | - Ary Gomes da Silva
- Laboratório de Ecologia Funcional, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29.102-770, Brazil
| | - Zilma Maria Almeida Cruz
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Contaminação Ambiental e Genotoxicidade, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas Melo 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29.102-770, Brazil.
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Chi C, Giri SS, Jun JW, Yun S, Kim HJ, Kim SG, Park SC. Immune response of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians, after exposure to the algicide palmitoleic acid. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:371-378. [PMID: 27542615 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Palmitoleic acid (PA) is an effective algicide against the toxin-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense; however, its effects on the immune system of the edible bay scallop Argopecten irradians are unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of PA on the immune response in A. irradians by assessing total haemocyte counts (THC), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), nitrite oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, as well as the expression of immune-related genes (FREP, PGRP, HSP90, MnSOD, and Cu/ZnSOD) at various hours post-exposure (hpe) to the compound. THC decreased in PA-treated groups, whereas ALP increased significantly in all of the PA treatment groups at 3 hpe, after which it significantly decreased. The LDH and NO levels were significantly enhanced in the high and medium concentration group. Notably, the GSH level increased in all PA treatment groups at each time interval. Our study revealed that after treatment with different concentrations of PA, variable effects on the expression of genes involved in the immune system response were observed. The results of our study demonstrate that immersing scallops in PA at effective concentrations could result in differential effects on immune system responses and expression of immune-related genes. Specifically, PA may disrupt the endocrine system or affect signal transduction pathways in the scallops. Therefore, the present study highlights the potential risk of using the PA as an algicide to control algal bloom outbreaks in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151742, South Korea.
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151742, South Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151742, South Korea.
| | - Saekil Yun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151742, South Korea
| | - Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151742, South Korea
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151742, South Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151742, South Korea.
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Jiang WD, Qu B, Feng L, Jiang J, Kuang SY, Wu P, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ, Liu Y. Histidine Prevents Cu-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Associated Decreases in mRNA from Encoding Tight Junction Proteins in the Intestine of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157001. [PMID: 27280406 PMCID: PMC4900568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a common heavy metal pollutant in aquatic environments that originates from natural as well as anthropogenic sources. The present study investigated whether Cu causes oxidative damage and induces changes in the expression of genes that encode tight junction (TJ) proteins, cytokines and antioxidant-related genes in the intestine of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). We demonstrated that Cu decreases the survival rate of fish and increases oxidative damage as measured by increases in malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl contents. Cu exposure significantly decreased the expression of genes that encode the tight junction proteins, namely, claudin (CLDN)-c, -3 and -15 as well as occludin and zonula occludens-1, in the intestine of fish. In addition, Cu exposure increases the mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically, IL-8, TNF-α and its related signalling factor (nuclear factor kappa B, NF-κB), which was partly correlated to the decreased mRNA levels of NF-κB inhibitor protein (IκB). These changes were associated with Cu-induced oxidative stress detected by corresponding decreases in glutathione (GSH) content, as well as decreases in the copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and mRNA levels, which were associated with the down-regulated antioxidant signalling factor NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) mRNA levels, and the Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein1 (Keap1) mRNA levels in the intestine of fish. Histidine supplementation in diets (3.7 up to 12.2 g/kg) blocked Cu-induced changes. These results indicated that Cu-induced decreases in intestinal TJ proteins and cytokine mRNA levels might be partially mediated by oxidative stress and are prevented by histidine supplementation in fish diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Biao Qu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
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Chi C, Giri SS, Jun JW, Kim HJ, Kim SG, Yun S, Park SC. Effect of the Algaecide Palmitoleic Acid on the Immune Function of the Bay Scallop Argopecten irradians. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050610. [PMID: 27171074 PMCID: PMC6274082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoleic acid (PA), an algicidal compound, is used against the toxin producing dinofagelate Alexandrium tamarense, however, its impact on the edible bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the impacts of effective algicidal concentrations (20, 40, and 80 mg/L) of PA on immune responses in A. irradians. Various immune parameters including acid phosphatase (ACP) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme, phagocytic activity, total protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the expression of immune-related genes (PrxV, CLT-6, MT, and BD) were measured at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h post-exposure (hpe) to PA. Lysozyme activity was lower in scallops at 12-48 hpe to 80 mg/L. SOD, ACP activity, ROS production, the total protein, and MDA level was higher at 12 to 48 hpe with different concentrations of PA. Phagocytic activity increased at 6-12 hpe to 40-80 mg/L of PA, but decreased at 24-48 hpe. The expressions of genes PrxV, CLT-6, MT and BD down-regulated at 3 hpe were observed, while differential expressions from 6-48 hpe with different concentrations of PA. The present study demonstrated that immersing A. irradians in PA at effective concentrations could result in differential effects on non-specific immune responses and expressions of immune-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, Korea.
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, Korea.
| | - Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, Korea.
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, Korea.
| | - Saekil Yun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, Korea.
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul-151742, Korea.
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Moreira A, Figueira E, Soares AMVM, Freitas R. The effects of arsenic and seawater acidification on antioxidant and biomineralization responses in two closely related Crassostrea species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 545-546:569-581. [PMID: 26760276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification processes are major threats to marine calcifying organisms, mostly affecting biomineralization related processes. Abiotic stressors acting on marine systems do not act alone, rather in a combination of multiple stressors, especially in coastal habitats such as estuaries, where anthropogenic and environmental pressures are high. Arsenic (As) is a widely distributed contaminant worldwide and its toxicity has been studied on a variety of organisms. However, the effect of low pH on the toxicity of As on marine organisms is unknown. Here, we studied the combined effects of ocean acidification and As exposure on two closely related oyster species (Crassostrea angulata and Crassostrea gigas), by use of a biochemical approach. Oxidative stress related parameters were studied along with the assessment of biomineralization enzymes activity after 28days of exposure. Results showed that both species were sensitive to all tested conditions (low pH, As and pH+As), showing enhancement of antioxidant and biotransformation defenses and impairment of biomineralization processes. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) activity were significantly higher in oysters exposed to As, showing activation of detoxification mechanisms, and a lower GSTs activity was observed in low pH+As condition, indicating an impact on the oysters capacity to detoxify As in a low pH scenario. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity was significantly lower in all tested conditions, showing to be affected by both As and low pH, whereas the combined effect of low pH+As was not different from the effect of low pH alone. Multivariate analysis of biochemical data allowed for the comparison of both species performance, showing a clear distinction of response in both species. C. gigas presented overall higher enzymatic activity (GSTs; superoxide dismutase; catalase; CA and acid phosphatase) and higher cytosolic GSH content in As exposed oysters than C. angulata. Results obtained indicate a higher tolerance capacity of the Pacific oyster C. gigas towards the tested conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Moreira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Lewis C, Ellis RP, Vernon E, Elliot K, Newbatt S, Wilson RW. Ocean acidification increases copper toxicity differentially in two key marine invertebrates with distinct acid-base responses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21554. [PMID: 26899803 PMCID: PMC4761931 DOI: 10.1038/srep21554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is expected to indirectly impact biota living in contaminated coastal environments by altering the bioavailability and potentially toxicity of many pH-sensitive metals. Here, we show that OA (pH 7.71; pCO2 1480 μatm) significantly increases the toxicity responses to a global coastal contaminant (copper ~0.1 μM) in two keystone benthic species; mussels (Mytilus edulis) and purple sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus). Mussels showed an extracellular acidosis in response to OA and copper individually which was enhanced during combined exposure. In contrast, urchins maintained extracellular fluid pH under OA by accumulating bicarbonate but exhibited a slight alkalosis in response to copper either alone or with OA. Importantly, copper-induced damage to DNA and lipids was significantly greater under OA compared to control conditions (pH 8.14; pCO2 470 μatm) for both species. However, this increase in DNA-damage was four times lower in urchins than mussels, suggesting that internal acid-base regulation in urchins may substantially moderate the magnitude of this OA-induced copper toxicity effect. Thus, changes in metal toxicity under OA may not purely be driven by metal speciation in seawater and may be far more diverse than either single-stressor or single-species studies indicate. This has important implications for future environmental management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceri Lewis
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Robert P. Ellis
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Emily Vernon
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Katie Elliot
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Sam Newbatt
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Rod W. Wilson
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
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McComb J, Alexander TC, Han FX, Tchounwou PB. Understanding Biogeochemical Cycling of Trace Elements and Heavy Metals in Estuarine Ecosystems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 5. [PMID: 25685610 PMCID: PMC4326106 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6199.1000e148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline McComb
- Environmental Science Ph.D. Program, Jackson State University, 1400 J.R. Lynch Street, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Turquoise C Alexander
- Environmental Science Ph.D. Program, Jackson State University, 1400 J.R. Lynch Street, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Fengxiang X Han
- Environmental Science Ph.D. Program, Jackson State University, 1400 J.R. Lynch Street, Jackson, MS 39217, USA ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- Environmental Science Ph.D. Program, Jackson State University, 1400 J.R. Lynch Street, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
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Luo L, Ke C, Guo X, Shi B, Huang M. Metal accumulation and differentially expressed proteins in gill of oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) exposed to long-term heavy metal-contaminated estuary. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 38:318-329. [PMID: 24698996 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bio-accumulation and bio-transmission of toxic metals and the toxicological responses of organisms exposed to toxic metals have been focused, due to heavy metal contaminations have critically threatened the ecosystem and food security. However, still few investigations focused on the responses of certain organisms exposed to the long term and severe heavy metal contamination in specific environments. In present investigation, the Hong Kong oyster, Crassostrea hongkongensis were obtained from 3 sites which were contaminated by different concentrations of heavy metals (such as zinc, copper, manganese and lead etc.), respectively. Heavy metal concentrations in the sea water samples collected from the 3 sites and the dissected tissues of the oysters with blue visceral mass were determinated to estimate the metal contamination levels in environments and the bio-accumulation ratios of the heavy metals in the different tissues of oysters. Moreover, Proteomic methods were employed to analyze the differentially expressed proteins in the gills of oysters exposed to long-term heavy metal contaminations. Results indicated that the Jiulong River estuary has been severely contaminated by Cu, Zn and slightly with Cr, Ni, Mn, etc, moreover, Zn and Cu were the major metals accumulated by oysters to phenomenally high concentrations (more than 3.0% of Zn and about 2.0% of Cu against what the dry weight of tissues were accumulated), and Cr, Ni, Mn, etc were also significantly accumulated. The differentially expressed proteins in the gills of oysters exposed to heavy metals participate in several cell processes, such as metal binding, transporting and saving, oxidative-reduction balance maintaining, stress response, signal transduction, etc. Significantly up-regulated expression (about 10 folds) of an important metal binding protein, metallothionein (MT) and granular cells was observed in the gills of oysters exposed to long-term and severely heavy-metal-contaminated estuary, it suggested that binding toxic metals with metallothionein-like proteins (MTLP) and storing toxic metals in metal-rich granules (MRG) with insoluble forms were the important strategies of oyster to detoxify the toxic metals and adapt to the high level of metal-contaminated environment. Most of the stress and immunity responsive proteins, such as heat shock proteins (HSP), extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD) and cavortin, and the cellular redox reaction relative proteins such as 20G-Fe (II) oxygenase family oxidoreductase, aldehyde dehydrogenase and retinal dehydrogenase 2, were detected significantly down-regulated in the gills of oysters exposed to long term heavy metal contaminated environments, it indicated that long term exposure different from emergent exposure to heavy metal contamination may significantly suppress the stress and immunity response system of oysters. Moreover, Formin homology 2 domain containing protein (FH2). The only protein domain to directly nucleate actin monomers into unbranched filament polymers, by which will subsequently control gene expression and chromatin remodelling complexes, was also detected greatly up-regulated in the gills of oysters exposed to long-term heavy metal contaminations. It indicated that nuclear activity regulation may also be important for oyster to adapt to the long-term heavy-metal-contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianzhong Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361008, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Caihuan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Bo Shi
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Miaoqin Huang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
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Muralidharan S, Thompson E, Raftos D, Birch G, Haynes PA. Quantitative proteomics of heavy metal stress responses in Sydney rock oysters. Proteomics 2012; 12:906-21. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Muralidharan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde NSW Australia
| | - Emma Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde NSW Australia
| | - David Raftos
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde NSW Australia
| | - Gavin Birch
- School of Geosciences; University of Sydney; NSW Australia
| | - Paul A. Haynes
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde NSW Australia
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Bigot A, Minguez L, Giambérini L, Rodius F. Early defense responses in the freshwater bivalve Corbicula fluminea exposed to copper and cadmium: Transcriptional and histochemical studies. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2011; 26:623-632. [PMID: 20549629 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to measure the early effects of copper (10 and 50 μg L(-1)), cadmium (2, 10, and 50 μg L(-1)) and mixtures of these metals in the freshwater bivalve Corbicula fluminea exposed for 12 h in laboratory. Transcription levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx), pi-class glutathione S-transferase (pi-GST), metallothionein (MT) in digestive gland and gills, and response of lysosomal system and neutral lipids in digestive gland were determined after the exposure period. Results showed that lysosomal system, neutral lipids content, and mRNA levels were modified, suggesting their early response against oxidative stress and their important role in cell integrity. The integrated biomarker response was calculated and showed that the effects of the combinations of Cu and Cd on the biomarker responses are additive. MT and pi-GST mRNA expression correspond to the largest ranges of response. As efficient biomarkers should have an early warning capacity, SOD, CAT, Se-GPx, pi-GST, MT transcripts levels, lysosomal system, and neutral lipids could be used as biomarkers of metal contamination in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Bigot
- Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes, Université Paul Verlaine-Metz, CNRS UMR 7146, Rue Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France
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Gomes SIL, Novais SC, Gravato C, Guilhermino L, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Soares AMVM, Amorim MJB. Effect of Cu-nanoparticles versus one Cu-salt: analysis of stress biomarkers response in Enchytraeus albidus (Oligochaeta). Nanotoxicology 2011; 6:134-43. [PMID: 21446833 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.562327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the main goal was to compare the effects of ionic copper versus copper nanoparticles in Enchytraeus albidus assessing the effect at the biomarker level, testing different concentrations and exposure times. Measured parameters were lipid peroxidation (LPO), total, reduced and oxidized glutathione content (TG, GSH and GSSG), the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and cholinesterases (ChEs). Results showed that both salt- and nano-copper caused oxidative stress and damage to E. albidus, as confirmed by LPO levels, and effects could be discriminated between the copper forms. Nevertheless and despite the visible discrimination between nano and the salt form (time and exposure dependent), there was no single or a set of biomarkers that provided the best discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana I L Gomes
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Yu WR, Jiang H, Wang J, Xie JX. Copper (Cu2+) induces degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal system of rats. Neurosci Bull 2008; 24:73-8. [PMID: 18369385 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-008-0073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of intranigral injection of different doses of CuSO4.5H2O on dopaminergic neuron in the nigrostriatal system of rats. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into four groups, including control group, 10 nmol, 50 nmol and 200 nmol copper injected into left substantia nigra (SN) groups. Seven days after the intranigral injection of copper, dopamine (DA) contents in the striatum (Str) were measured by high performance lipid chromotophotography (HPLC); the density of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive axons in the Str was measured by TH staining method; TH and Caspase-3 mRNA expression in the SN were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. We detected the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the lesioned midbrain of rats using biochemical methods. RESULTS DA and its metabolites contents had no significant difference between control group and low dose (10 nmol) copper group. But from 50 nmol copper group, DA contents in the lesioned sides were reduced with the increase in the copper doses injected, showing a significant linear correlation (F = 34.16, P < 0.01). In the 50 nmol copper group, TH positive axons in the Str decreased compared with those of the control and unlesioned sides (F = 121.9, P < 0.01). In the 50 nmol copper group, TH mRNA expression decreased (t = 3.12, P < 0.01) while Caspase-3 mRNA expression increased (t = 8.96, P < 0.01) in the SN compared with the control. SOD activity decreased in the midbrain of rats treated with 50 nmol copper compared with that of the control (t = 2.33, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Copper could induce damage of dopaminergic neurons in the SN of rats through destroying antioxidant defenses and promoting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ran Yu
- State Key Disciplines: Physiology (in incubation), Department of Physiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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