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Giovanni A, Maekawa S, Wang PC, Chen SC. Recombinant Vibrio harveyi flagellin A protein and partial deletions of middle variable region and D0 domain induce immune related genes in Epinephelus coioides and Cyprinus carpio. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:104588. [PMID: 36372114 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes vibriosis in various aquaculture species, including the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Bacterial flagellin is a potent pathogen-associated molecule that stimulates the innate and adaptive immune systems through toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) signaling. In this study, we isolated V. harveyi flagellin A (VhFliA) gene from V. harveyi (originated from orange-spotted grouper) and investigated the in vivo activities of recombinant VhFliA protein. Multiple sequence alignment showed that the amino acid sequence of VhFliA has conserved domains of N- and C-terminals (D0 and D1) and a middle variable (MV) region. We produced the VhFliA recombinant protein (wild type (WT)-VhFliA) by Escherichia coli and investigated its in vivo biological activity. Additionally, we prepared the VhFliA recombinant proteins with deletion of domains (ΔMV-VhFliA and ΔD0MV-VhFliA) to identify the domain for biological activity in the orange-spotted grouper. WT and ΔMV-VhFliA induced the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, IL-1β, and IL-8) in groupers. However, ΔD0MV-VhFliA did not induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, to demonstrate the applicability of recombinant VhFliA to teleost species, we performed an in vivo assay of the recombinant proteins in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). WT-VhFliA stimulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) in carp. ΔMV-VhFliA did not upregulate IL-1β and IL-6, whereas ΔD0MV-VhFliA induced expression in carp. These findings showed the potential of VhFliA as an effective immune stimulant adjuvant and comparative studies of flagellin - TLR5 signaling in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Giovanni
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shun Maekawa
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan; General Research Service Centre, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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Li Y, Liu Z, Jiang Q, Ye Y, Zhao Y. Effects of nanoplastic on cell apoptosis and ion regulation in the gills of Macrobrachium nipponense. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118989. [PMID: 35157932 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastic, ubiquitous in aquatic environments, are raising concern worldwide. However, studies on nanoplastic exposure and its effects on ion transport in aquatic organisms are limited. In this study, the juvenile oriental river shrimp, Macrobrachium nipponense, was exposed to five levels of nanoplastic concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg/L) in order to evaluate cell viability, ion content, ion transport, ATPase activity, and related gene expression. The results showed that the apoptosis rate was higher in the high concentration nanoplastic group (40 mg/L) compared to the low concentration nanoplastic group (5 mg/L) and the control group (0 mg/L). The ion content of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), and calcium (Ca2+) showed a decreasing trend in gill tissue compared to the control group. The Na+K+-ATPase, V(H)-ATPase, Ca2+Mg2+-ATPase, and total ATPase activities in the gills of M. nipponense showed a general decrease with the increasement of nanoplastic concentration and time of exposure. When increasing nanoplastic concentration, the expression of ion transport-related genes in the gills of M. nipponense showed first rise then descend trend. As elucidated by the results, high nanoplastic concentrations have negative effect on cell viability, ion content, ion transport ATPase activity, and ion transport-related gene expression in the gills of M. nipponense. This research provides a theoretical foundation for the toxic effects of nanoplastic in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 310018, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Yucong Ye
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Almeida RA, Lemmens P, De Meester L, Brans KI. Differential local genetic adaptation to pesticide use in organic and conventional agriculture in an aquatic non-target species. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211903. [PMID: 34784768 PMCID: PMC8596010 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticide application is an important stressor to non-target species and can profoundly affect ecosystem functioning. Debates continue on the choice of agricultural practices regarding their environmental impact, and organic farming is considered less detrimental compared to conventional practices. Nevertheless, comparative studies on the impacts of both agricultural approaches on the genetic adaptation of non-target species are lacking. We assessed to what extent organic and conventional agriculture elicit local genetic adaptation of populations of a non-target aquatic species, Daphnia magna. We tested for genetic differences in sensitivity of different D. magna populations (n = 7), originating from ponds surrounded by conventional and organic agriculture as well as nature reserves, to pesticides used either in conventional (chlorpyrifos) or organic agriculture (deltamethrin and copper sulfate). The results indicate that D. magna populations differentially adapt to local pesticide use. Populations show increased resistance to chlorpyrifos as the percentage of conventional agriculture in the surrounding landscape increases, whereas populations from organic agriculture sites are more resistant to deltamethrin. While organic agriculture is considered less harmful for non-target species than conventional, both types of agriculture shape the evolution of pesticide resistance in non-target species in a specific manner, reflecting the differences in selection pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela A. Almeida
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Lemmens
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leibniz Institute für Gewasserökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leibniz Institute für Gewasserökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristien I. Brans
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Hossain Z, Hossain MS, Ema NS, Omri A. Heavy metal toxicity in Buriganga river alters the immunology of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus L). Heliyon 2021; 7:e08285. [PMID: 34765796 PMCID: PMC8571707 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the biochemical and immunological responses of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus due to heavy metals pollution. Histomorphological alterations in the liver and kidney suggested tissue damages due to this polluted water exposure. The brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as an indicator of neurotoxicity was significantly (P < 0.01) decreased after 10 days exposure of fish to heavy metal contained river water, while plasma glutamate oxalacetate transaminase and plasma glutamate pyruvate transaminase were significantly increased (P < 0.01). Moreover, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase enzyme activities, as well as reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in heavy metals contained river water treated fish compared to the control. Additionally, glucose level and blood serum Ca2+ concentrations were significantly (P < 0.01) decreased in fish exposed to heavy metal contained river water compared to the control. Hematological indices such as Hemoglobin, RBC, WBC, MCV etc. of polluted river water treated fish were significantly (P < 0.01) different in comparison to that of control fish. The cytokines i.e. IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α level were significantly (P < 0.01) increased in the fish exposed to heavy metals contained river water in comparison to that of control fish. The present findings explored the detrimental effects of heavy metal contained river water on fish at biochemical and immunological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Hossain
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saddam Hossain
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Noore Safa Ema
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, P3E 2C6, Ontario, Canada
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Suvi R, Giovanna M, Katja A. Experimental copper exposure, but not heat stress, leads to elevated intraovarian thyroid hormone levels in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:1431-1440. [PMID: 32975733 PMCID: PMC7581574 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and pollution are some of the greatest anthropogenic threats to wild animals. Transgenerational plasticity-when parental exposure to environmental stress leads to changes in offspring phenotype-has been highlighted as a potential mechanism to respond to various environmental and anthropogenic changes across taxa. Transgenerational effects may be mediated via multiple mechanisms, such as transfer of maternal hormones to eggs/foetus. However, sources of variation in hormone transfer are poorly understood in fish, and thus the first step is to characterise whether environmental challenges alter transfer of maternal hormones to eggs. To this end, we explored the population variation and environmental variation (in response to temperature and endocrine disrupting copper) in maternal thyroid hormone (TH), transfer to offspring in a common fish model species, the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) using multiple approaches: (i) We compared ovarian TH levels among six populations across a wide geographical range in the Baltic Sea, including two populations at high water temperature areas (discharge water areas of nuclear power plants) and we experimentally exposed fish to (ii) environmentally relevant heat stress and (iii) copper for 7 days. We found that populations did not differ in intraovarian TH levels, and short-term heat stress did not influence intraovarian TH levels. However, copper exposure increased both T4 and T3 levels in ovaries. The next step would be to evaluate if such alterations would lead to changes in offspring phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruuskanen Suvi
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | | | - Anttila Katja
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Malhotra N, Ger TR, Uapipatanakul B, Huang JC, Chen KHC, Hsiao CD. Review of Copper and Copper Nanoparticle Toxicity in Fish. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1126. [PMID: 32517348 PMCID: PMC7353310 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the present knowledge on the toxicity of copper and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) to various fish species. In previous decades, the excessive usage of metal and metallic nanoparticles has increased significantly, increasing the probability of the accumulation and discharge of metals in various trophic levels of the environment. Due to these concerns, it is important to understand the toxicity mechanisms of metals and metallic nanoparticles before they lead to unhealthy effects on human health. In this review paper, we specifically focus on the effect of metal copper and CuNPs on different fish organs under different physiochemical parameters of various water bodies. Nowadays, different forms of copper have distinctive and specific usages, e.g., copper sulfate is a well-established pesticide which is used to control the growth of algae in lakes and ponds. Deactivating the fungi enzymes prevents fungal spores from germinating. This process of deactivation is achieved via the free cupric ions, which are established as the most toxic forms of copper. Complexes of copper with other ligands may or may not be bioavailable for use in aquatic organisms. On the other hand, CuNPs have shown cost-effectiveness and numerous promising uses, but the toxicity and availability of copper in a nanoparticle form is largely unknown, Additionally, physiochemical factors such as the hardness of the water, alkalinity, presence of inorganic and organic ligands, levels of pH, and temperature in various different water bodies affect the toxicity caused by copper and CuNPs. However, comprehensive knowledge and data regarding the pattern of toxicity for copper metal ions and CuNPs in marine organisms is still limited. In this review, we carry out a critical analysis of the availability of the toxicological profiles of copper metal ions and CuNPs for different fishes in order to understand the toxicity mechanisms of copper and CuNPs. We believe that this review will provide valuable information on the toxicological profile of copper, which will further help in devising safe guidelines for the usage of copper and CuNPs in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemi Malhotra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan; (N.M.); (T.-R.G.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 90003, Taiwan;
| | - Tzong-Rong Ger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan; (N.M.); (T.-R.G.)
| | - Boontida Uapipatanakul
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi 12110, Thailand;
| | - Jong-Chin Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 90003, Taiwan;
| | - Kelvin H.-C. Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 90003, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan
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7
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Shekh K, Alcaraz AJ, Niyogi S, Hecker M. Comparative analyses of oxidative stress response and metallothionein induction in white sturgeon and rainbow trout during acute waterborne copper exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 231:108723. [PMID: 32044455 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early life-stages of the endangered white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) have been shown to be among the most sensitive fishes to aqueous copper (Cu) exposure. In a recent analogous study, we examined the role of whole-body Cu accumulation and Na homeostasis in species-specific differences between the sensitivity of white sturgeon and a common laboratory fish model, rainbow trout, to Cu. However, the potential roles of important mechanisms such as Cu-induced oxidative stress and/or metallothionein (MT) induction as potential drivers of sensitivity of white sturgeon to Cu have not been investigated to date. Here, rainbow trout and white sturgeon from three different early life-stages were exposed to waterborne Cu for 96 h, following which major antioxidant parameters, lipid peroxidation and MT gene expression were evaluated. Results indicated that during larval and swim-up life-stages, Cu induced oxidative damage in white sturgeon was greater than in rainbow trout. Moreover, baseline glutathione (GSH) was significantly greater in rainbow trout than white sturgeon. Observations also suggested that trout exceedingly relied on GSH to combat Cu-induced oxidative stress as they grew older. In contrast, sturgeon recruited an increasing level of MT to neutralize Cu-induced oxidative stress and/or Cu loading. In our recent study, we demonstrated that Na homeostasis is more susceptible to Cu in white sturgeon than in rainbow trout. Collectively, these findings indicate that the greater degree of oxidative damage in early life-stages, in addition to the higher magnitude of the disruption of Na homeostasis, contributes to the higher sensitivity of white sturgeon to Cu exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Shekh
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.
| | - Alper James Alcaraz
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Som Niyogi
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada
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Shekh K, Alcaraz AJ, Hecker M, Niyogi S. Sensitivity of white sturgeon and rainbow trout to waterborne copper exposure: A comparative study of copper-induced disruption of sodium homeostasis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 215:105283. [PMID: 31470336 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that white sturgeon are more sensitive to acute exposure to Cu than rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), especially during early life-stages. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying this difference in sensitivity to Cu is not known. In the present study, we first confirmed the higher sensitivity (lower 96 h LC50 values) of white sturgeon to Cu at three different life stages (larva, swim-up, and juvenile) relative to their counterparts in rainbow trout. We also demonstrated that acute exposure to Cu (50 μg/L for 4.5 h) caused a significantly greater reduction in the rate of waterborne Na uptake in white sturgeon relative to that in rainbow trout across all three life-stages. In agreement with this observation, we also found that acute exposure to Cu (20 μg/L for 48 h) elicits a significantly greater decrease in whole body Na level in all life stages of white sturgeon compared to rainbow trout. In contrast, white sturgeon demonstrated a higher or similar level of Cu body burden relative to rainbow trout during acute Cu exposure (20 μg/L for 24 h), thereby indicating that Cu bioaccumulation is not a good indicator of its toxicity in these species. Overall, our study demonstrated that the differences in sensitivity to acute Cu exposure between white sturgeon and rainbow trout can be explained on the basis of differential effects of Cu on Na homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Shekh
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada.
| | - Alper James Alcaraz
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Som Niyogi
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
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Shekh K, Tang S, Hecker M, Niyogi S. Investigating the Role of Ionoregulatory Processes in the Species- and Life-Stage-Specific Differences in Sensitivity of Rainbow Trout and White Sturgeon to Cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12868-12876. [PMID: 30351036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There are huge variations in life-stage- and species-specific sensitivities among the fishes to the exposure with metals; however, the physiological mechanisms underlying these differences are not well understood to date. This study revealed significant life-stage-specific (larval, swim-up, and juvenile) and species-specific differences between two evolutionary distant species of fishes, rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) and white sturgeon ( Acipenser transmontanus), following acute exposures to Cd. Although the 96 h LC50 of Cd was similar in both species at the larval stage, trout demonstrated an increased sensitivity to Cd at later life stages as compared to sturgeon. Moreover, exposure to Cd disrupted calcium (Ca) uptake and whole body Ca levels in trout by a greater degree relative to that in sturgeon regardless of life stage. Finally, white sturgeon demonstrated a lower affinity for Cd uptake relative to the more sensitive rainbow trout. This infers a differential nature of the interaction between Cd and Ca transport pathways in the two species and partially explains the differences in Cd sensitivity between rainbow trout and white sturgeon described previously. Overall, our results suggest that species- and life-stage-specific differences in sensitivity to waterborne Cd in fish are likely a function of the interplay between Cd uptake and Cd-induced disruption of Ca homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Shekh
- Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5B3 , Canada
| | - Song Tang
- Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5B3 , Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5C8 , Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5B3 , Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5C8 , Canada
| | - Som Niyogi
- Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5B3 , Canada
- Department of Biology , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK S7N 5E2 , Canada
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10
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Blanco AM, Sundarrajan L, Bertucci JI, Unniappan S. Why goldfish? Merits and challenges in employing goldfish as a model organism in comparative endocrinology research. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 257:13-28. [PMID: 28185936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Goldfish has been used as an unconventional model organism to study a number of biological processes. For example, goldfish is a well-characterized and widely used model in comparative endocrinology, especially in neuroendocrinology. Several decades of research has established and validated an array of tools to study hormones in goldfish. The detailed brain atlas of goldfish, together with the stereotaxic apparatus, are invaluable tools for the neuroanatomic localization and central administration of endocrine factors. In vitro techniques, such as organ and primary cell cultures, have been developed using goldfish. In vivo approaches using goldfish were used to measure endogenous hormonal milieu, feeding, behaviour and stress. While there are many benefits in using goldfish as a model organism in research, there are also challenges associated with it. One example is its tetraploid genome that results in the existence of multiple isoforms of endocrine factors. The presence of extra endogenous forms of peptides and its receptors adds further complexity to the already redundant multifactorial endocrine milieu. This review will attempt to discuss the importance of goldfish as a model organism in comparative endocrinology. It will highlight some of the merits and challenges in employing goldfish as an animal model for hormone research in the post-genomic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén Melisa Blanco
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, S7N 5B4 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lakshminarasimhan Sundarrajan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, S7N 5B4 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Juan Ignacio Bertucci
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, S7N 5B4 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Avenida Intendente Marinos Km. 8,2, 7130 Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Suraj Unniappan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, S7N 5B4 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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11
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Philippe C, Grégoir AF, Janssens L, Pinceel T, De Boeck G, Brendonck L. Acute and chronic sensitivity to copper of a promising ecotoxicological model species, the annual killifish Nothobranchius furzeri. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 144:26-35. [PMID: 28599128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nothobranchius furzeri is a promising model for ecotoxicological research due to the species' short life cycle and the production of drought-resistant eggs. Although the species is an emerging vertebrate fish model for several fundamental as well as applied research domains, its potential for ecotoxicological research has not yet been tested. The aim of this study was to characterise the acute and chronic sensitivity of this species to copper as compared to other model organisms. Effects of both acute and chronic copper exposure were tested on survival, life history and physiological traits. We report a 24h-LC50 of 53.93µg Cu/L, which is situated within the sensitivity range of other model species such as Brook Trout, Fathead Minnow and Rainbow Trout. Moreover, in the full life cycle exposure, we show that an exposure concentration of 10.27µg/L did not cause acute adverse effects (96h), but did cause mortality after prolonged exposure (3-4 weeks). Also chronic, sublethal effects were observed, such as a reduction in growth rate, delayed maturation and postponed reproduction. Based on our results, we define the NOEC at 6.68µg Cu/L, making N. furzeri more sensitive to copper as compared to Brook Trout and Fathead Minnow. We found stimulatory effects on peak fecundity at subinhibitory levels of copper concentrations (hormesis). Finally, we found indications for detoxifying and copper-excreting mechanisms, demonstrating the ability of the fish to cope with this essential metal, even when exposed to stressful amounts. The successful application of current ecotoxicological protocols on N. furzeri and its sensitivity range comparable to that of other model organisms forms the basis to exploit this species in further ecotoxicological practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Philippe
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Arnout F Grégoir
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lizanne Janssens
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Pinceel
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Gudrun De Boeck
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Brendonck
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Hoseini SM, Hedayati A, Taheri Mirghaed A, Ghelichpour M. Toxic effects of copper sulfate and copper nanoparticles on minerals, enzymes, thyroid hormones and protein fractions of plasma and histopathology in common carp Cyprinus carpio. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:493-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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13
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Tang S, Doering JA, Sun J, Beitel SC, Shekh K, Patterson S, Crawford S, Giesy JP, Wiseman SB, Hecker M. Linking Oxidative Stress and Magnitude of Compensatory Responses with Life-Stage Specific Differences in Sensitivity of White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) to Copper or Cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:9717-9726. [PMID: 27509013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sensitivity of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) to copper (Cu) or cadmium (Cd) has been shown to significantly differ as a function of life-stage. This study investigated oxidative stress, metal homeostasis, and associated compensatory responses as potential mechanisms of this sensitivity pattern in three early life-stages. Sturgeon were most sensitive to Cu at 15 days post hatch (dph), which was accompanied by a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO). Genes involved with amelioration of oxidative stress were significantly less inducible at this stage than in older, less sensitive fry. At 48 dph, acute lethality of sturgeon exposed to Cd was greatest and body LPO was significantly induced by 3.5-fold at 5 μg Cd/L. Moreover, there was a small but significant increase in antioxidative responses. At 139 dph, sturgeon were most tolerant to Cu and Cd and accumulation of these metals was least. Also, expression of metallothionein (MT) and apoptotic genes were greatest while expression of metal transporters was reduced and concentration of LPO was not different from controls. Our results suggest that life-stage specific sensitivity of white sturgeon to metals is complex, encompassing differences in the ability to mount compensatory responses important for metal homeostasis and combating oxidative stress and concomitant damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Tang
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Jon A Doering
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Jianxian Sun
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Shawn C Beitel
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Kamran Shekh
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Sarah Patterson
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Sarah Crawford
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
- Zoology Department, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Steve B Wiseman
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
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Cazan AM, Klerks PL. Effects from a short-term exposure to copper or cadmium in gravid females of the livebearer fish (Gambusia affinis). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 118:199-203. [PMID: 25957081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the reproductive effects of a 10-day maternal metal exposure in the live-bearing western mosquitofish. We exposed gravid females to 0.15µM copper or cadmium and monitored reproduction-related variables over the subsequent 8-month breeding season. Females gave birth to 1-5 broods, a number not affected by the exposure. Their first brood's size was reduced following exposure to either metal, while this effect was still evident for the second brood of copper-exposed females. Metal-exposed females also had more premature births, abortions, and broods containing dead offspring; these last two effects were still evident in second broods. The time-till-first-birth was reduced while the time-interval between first and second brood was increased in cadmium-exposed females, but not in copper-exposed ones. This study demonstrated that short-term metal exposure affects a variety of reproductive measures and that effects can still occur in broods that developed well after the end of the females' exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfy Morales Cazan
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504-2451, United States.
| | - Paul L Klerks
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504-2451, United States
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15
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Cazan AM, Klerks PL. Physiological effects and reduced tolerance following maternal metal exposure in the live-bearing fish Gambusia affinis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:1337-1344. [PMID: 25663450 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the effects of maternal copper or cadmium exposure in a live-bearing fish. After a 10-d exposure to background levels (control) or 0.15 μM copper or cadmium, gravid females were transferred to clean water. Once a female gave birth, the authors analyzed her newborn offspring for lipid peroxidation, elemental composition (copper, cadmium, and calcium), and metal tolerance. The authors raised other offspring until sexual maturity and analyzed their growth rate, incidence of abnormalities, and sex ratio. Their earlier research, using the same species and exposure design, demonstrated that cadmium and copper were transferred from gravid females to their offspring. The present study showed that offspring of copper-exposed females had a reduced size at birth, developmental abnormalities, elevated tissue cadmium levels, and reduced tissue calcium levels. Offspring of cadmium-exposed females had elevated levels of lipid peroxidation, developmental abnormalities, and lower tissue levels of both copper and calcium. No effects were detected with respect to offsprings' growth rate or sex ratio. Offspring of metal-exposed fish had a reduced tolerance to the metal that their female parent had been exposed to, and the tolerance showed an inverse relationship to the tissue metal level in the offspring. The latter indicates that the reduced tolerance was the result of an increased body burden prior to the tolerance quantification. The present study constitutes the first report in live-bearing fishes showing that maternal metal exposure has a wide range of negative impacts on the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfy Morales Cazan
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - Paul L Klerks
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
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16
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Jarque S, Piña B. Deiodinases and thyroid metabolism disruption in teleost fish. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 135:361-375. [PMID: 25462686 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many xenobiotic compounds with endocrine disrupting activity have been described since the late eighties. These compounds are able to interact with natural hormone systems and potentially induce deleterious effects in wildlife, notably piscine species. However, while the characterization of endocrine disruptors with "dioxin-like", estrogenic or androgenic activities is relatively well established, little is known about environmentally relevant pollutants that may act at thyroid system level. Iodothyronine deiodinases, the key enzymes in the activation and inactivation of thyroid hormones, have been suggested as suitable biomarkers for thyroid metabolism disruption. The present article reviews the biotic and abiotic factors that are able to modulate deiodinases in teleosts, a representative model organism for vertebrates. Data show that deiodinases are highly sensitive to several physiological and physical variables, so they should be taken into account to establish natural basal deiodination patterns to further understand responses under chemical exposure. Among xenobiotic compounds, brominated flame retardants are postulated as chemicals of major concern because of their similar structure shared with thyroid hormones. More ambiguous results are shown for the rest of compounds, i.e. polychlorinated biphenyls, perfluorinated chemicals, pesticides, metals and synthetic drugs, in part due to the limited information available. The different mechanisms of action still remain unknown for most of those compounds, although several hypothesis based on observed effects are discussed. Future tasks are also suggested with the aim of moving forward in the full characterization of chemical compounds with thyroid disrupting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Jarque
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 5/753, CZ62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Zizza M, Canonaco M, Facciolo RM. ORX Neuroreceptor System and HSP90 Are Linked to Recovery Strategies Against Copper Toxicity in Thalassoma pavo. Toxicol Sci 2013; 137:135-46. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Söffker M, Tyler CR. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and sexual behaviors in fish – a critical review on effects and possible consequences. Crit Rev Toxicol 2012; 42:653-68. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2012.692114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ali S, van Mil HGJ, Richardson MK. Large-scale assessment of the zebrafish embryo as a possible predictive model in toxicity testing. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21076. [PMID: 21738604 PMCID: PMC3125172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the drug discovery pipeline, safety pharmacology is a major issue. The zebrafish has been proposed as a model that can bridge the gap in this field between cell assays (which are cost-effective, but low in data content) and rodent assays (which are high in data content, but less cost-efficient). However, zebrafish assays are only likely to be useful if they can be shown to have high predictive power. We examined this issue by assaying 60 water-soluble compounds representing a range of chemical classes and toxicological mechanisms. Methodology/Principal Findings Over 20,000 wild-type zebrafish embryos (including controls) were cultured individually in defined buffer in 96-well plates. Embryos were exposed for a 96 hour period starting at 24 hours post fertilization. A logarithmic concentration series was used for range-finding, followed by a narrower geometric series for LC50 determination. Zebrafish embryo LC50 (log mmol/L), and published data on rodent LD50 (log mmol/kg), were found to be strongly correlated (using Kendall's rank correlation tau and Pearson's product-moment correlation). The slope of the regression line for the full set of compounds was 0.73403. However, we found that the slope was strongly influenced by compound class. Thus, while most compounds had a similar toxicity level in both species, some compounds were markedly more toxic in zebrafish than in rodents, or vice versa. Conclusions For the substances examined here, in aggregate, the zebrafish embryo model has good predictivity for toxicity in rodents. However, the correlation between zebrafish and rodent toxicity varies considerably between individual compounds and compound class. We discuss the strengths and limitations of the zebrafish model in light of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaukat Ali
- Institute of Biology, Sylvius Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harald G. J. van Mil
- Institute of Biology, Sylvius Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michael K. Richardson
- Institute of Biology, Sylvius Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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