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Young T, Gale SL, Ragg NLC, Sander SG, Burritt DJ, Benedict B, Le DV, Villas-Bôas SG, Alfaro AC. Metabolic Regulation of Copper Toxicity during Marine Mussel Embryogenesis. Metabolites 2023; 13:838. [PMID: 37512545 PMCID: PMC10385052 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new tools for assessing the health of cultured shellfish larvae is crucial for aquaculture industries to develop and refine hatchery methodologies. We established a large-volume ecotoxicology/health stressor trial, exposing mussel (Perna canaliculus) embryos to copper in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). GC/MS-based metabolomics was applied to identify potential biomarkers for monitoring embryonic/larval health and to characterise mechanisms of metal toxicity. Cellular viability, developmental abnormalities, larval behaviour, mortality, and a targeted analysis of proteins involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species were simultaneously evaluated to provide a complementary framework for interpretative purposes and authenticate the metabolomics data. Trace metal analysis and speciation modelling verified EDTA as an effective copper chelator. Toxicity thresholds for P. canaliculus were low, with 10% developmental abnormalities in D-stage larvae being recorded upon exposure to 1.10 μg·L-1 bioavailable copper for 66 h. Sublethal levels of bioavailable copper (0.04 and 1.10 μg·L-1) caused coordinated fluctuations in metabolite profiles, which were dependent on development stage, treatment level, and exposure duration. Larvae appeared to successfully employ various mechanisms involving the biosynthesis of antioxidants and a restructuring of energy-related metabolism to alleviate the toxic effects of copper on cells and developing tissues. These results suggest that regulation of trace metal-induced toxicity is tightly linked with metabolism during the early ontogenic development of marine mussels. Lethal-level bioavailable copper (50.3 μg·L-1) caused severe metabolic dysregulation after 3 h of exposure, which worsened with time, substantially delayed embryonic development, induced critical oxidative damage, initiated the apoptotic pathway, and resulted in cell/organism death shortly after 18 h of exposure. Metabolite profiling is a useful approach to (1) assess the health status of marine invertebrate embryos and larvae, (2) detect early warning biomarkers for trace metal contamination, and (3) identify novel regulatory mechanisms of copper-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Young
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Sylvia G. Sander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand
- Marine Mineral Resources Group, Research Division 4: Dynamics of the Ocean Floor, Magmatic and Hydrothermal Systems, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany
| | - David J. Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, 464 Great King St, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Billy Benedict
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand
| | - Dung V. Le
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Faculty of Fisheries, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 000084, Vietnam
| | - Silas G. Villas-Bôas
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Andrea C. Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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Guo M, Liu X, Dong C, Wu F, Geng Q, Li F, Tan Z. New insights into the oxidative damage and antioxidant defense mechanism in Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) exposed to 8:2 polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diester stress. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 259:106500. [PMID: 37141848 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
8:2 perfluoroalkyl phosphate diester (8:2 diPAP) is the main precursor of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, and it has been detected in a wide range of environments. In this study, conventional biochemical and histopathological analyses and transcriptome methods were used to investigate the accumulation and oxidative stress of 8:2 diPAP in Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) as well as the clam's defense mechanisms for the first time. The hepatopancreas was the main target organ for 8:2 diPAP accumulation; the concentration reached 484.0 ± 15.5 ng/g after 7 days of exposure to 10 μg/L of 8:2 diPAP, which was 2-100 times higher than that found in other organs. 8:2 diPAP accumulation resulted in significant lipid peroxidation, and the change in malondialdehyde content was highly correlated with 8:2 diPAP accumulation (r > 0.8). The antioxidant enzymes catalase and peroxidase were significantly activated at 7 days of exposure. Although the levels subsequently returned to normal, this restoration was unable to prevent damage. Histopathological analysis showed that 8:2 diPAP exposure resulted in inflammatory damage to the hepatopancreas, which failed to resolve during the recovery period. Transcriptomic analyses showed that the expression of differentially expressed genes had different degrees of positive/negative correlation with antioxidant indicators, and they were significantly enriched in cell death regulatory pathways such as autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis. The core factor expression results indicated that 8:2 diPAP exposure induced activation of the organismal autophagy factor followed by a shift towards apoptosis. In addition, pathways related to amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism were involved in determining the cell fate of Manila clams. Overall, these results indicated that 8:2 diPAP induced peroxidation of membrane lipids, disturbed physiological processes, and ultimately initiated programmed cell death in Manila clams. The findings of this study provide new insights into the mechanism of toxicity of 8:2 diPAP exposure in marine bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang 261325, China
| | - Chenfan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qianqian Geng
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fengling Li
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Wang M, Wang H, Chen G, Liu J, Hu T. Spiromesifen conferred abnormal development in zebrafish embryos by inducing embryonic cytotoxicity via causing oxidative stress. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 252:106324. [PMID: 36244087 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spiromesifen (SPF) is widely used in agriculture to protect against herbivorous mites, whose residues may be harmful to the environment. However, the toxicity assessment of SPF is insufficient. Here, we investigated the toxicological effects of SPF using zebrafish embryos as an animal model. The results showed that SPF exposure solutions at 10, 20, 30, and 40 μM caused cytotoxicity in zebrafish embryos such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, cell division arrest, and apoptosis, which further led to developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos including delayed hatching, decreased survival rate and spontaneous curling rate, and severe morphological deformities. SPF also induced apoptosis via changes in the expressions of apoptosis-related marker genes, caused immunotoxicity by reducing the number of macrophages and the activity of AKP/ALP and increasing inflammatory factors, and disturbed endogenous antioxidant systems via changes SOD, CAT, and GST activities as well as MDA and GSH contents. Therefore, the potential mechanism that caused embryonic developmental toxicity appeared to be related to the generation of oxidative stress by an elevation in ROS and changes in apoptosis-, immune-, antioxidant-related markers. The antioxidant system and inflammatory response simultaneously participated in and resisted the threat of SPF to prevent tissue damage. Taken together, spiromesifen induced oxidative stress to contribute to developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos by inducing embryonic cytotoxicity. Our study provides new insight into the toxicity assessment of SPF to non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, No. 174, Shazheng, Street, Shapingba District, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China
| | - Huiyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, No. 174, Shazheng, Street, Shapingba District, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, No. 174, Shazheng, Street, Shapingba District, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, No. 174, Shazheng, Street, Shapingba District, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China
| | - Tingzhang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, No. 174, Shazheng, Street, Shapingba District, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China.
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Ali M, Song X, Ding D, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Tang Z. Bioremediation of PAHs and heavy metals co-contaminated soils: Challenges and enhancement strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 295:118686. [PMID: 34920044 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Systemic studies on the bioremediation of co-contaminated PAHs and heavy metals are lacking, and this paper provides an in-depth review on the topic. The released sources and transport of co-contaminated PAHs and heavy metals, including their co-occurrence through formation of cation-π interactions and their adsorption in soil are examined. Moreover, it is investigated that co-contamination of PAHs and heavy metals can drive a synergistic positive influence on bioremediation through enhanced secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), production of biosynthetic genes, organic acid and enzymatic proliferation. However, PAHs molecular structure, PAHs-heavy metals bioavailability and their interactive cytotoxic effects on microorganisms can exert a challenging influence on the bioremediation under co-contaminated conditions. The fluctuations in bioavailability for microorganisms are associated with soil properties, chemical coordinative interactions, and biological activities under the co-contaminated PAHs-heavy metals conditions. The interactive cytotoxicity caused by the emergence of co-contaminants includes microbial cell disruption, denaturation of DNA and protein structure, and deregulation of antioxidant biological molecules. Finally, this paper presents the emerging strategies to overcome the bioavailability problems and recommends the use of biostimulation and bioaugmentation along with the microbial immobilization for enhanced bioremediation of PAHs-heavy metals co-contaminated sites. Better knowledge of the bioremediation potential is imperative to improve the use of these approaches for the sustainable and cost-effective remediation of PAHs and heavy metals co-contamination in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtiar Ali
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Da Ding
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhuanxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiwen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Zhou Y, Yao L, Pan L, Wang H. Bioaccumulation and function analysis of glutathione S-transferase isoforms in Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to different kinds of PAHs. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 112:129-139. [PMID: 34955196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the function of different glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoforms and detoxification metabolism responses in Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, exposed to 4 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) single, and their mixtures for 15 days under laboratory conditions. 13 kinds of GSTs in R. philippinarum were classified, and the results of tissue distribution indicated that 12 kinds of GSTs (except GST sigma 3) expressed most in digestive glands. We detected the mRNA expression levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway, and detoxification system in digestive glands of clams exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), chrysene (CHR), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), and BaP + CHR + BaA + BbF, respectively. Among these genes, we selected GST-sigma, GST-omega and GST-pi as potential indicators to BaP; GST-sigma, GST-A and GST-rho to CHR; GST-pi, GST-sigma, GST-A, GST-rho and GST-microsomal to BaA; GST-theta and GST-mu to BbF; while GST-pi and GST-mu to the mixture of BaP, CHR, BaA and BbF. Additionally, the bioaccumulation of PAHs in tissues increased remarkably over time, and showed an obvious dose-effect. Under the same concentration, the bioaccumulation in single exposure group was higher than that in mixture group, and the bioaccumulation of PAHs in tissues with different concentrations of stress was irregular. The results revealed the metabolic differences and bioaccumulation rules in clams exposed to four kinds of PAHs, and provided more valuable information for the PAHs risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Linlin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Hongdan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Lin Y, Xiao Q, Hao Q, Qian Z, Li X, Li P, Li H, Chen L. Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family in Pomacea canaliculata. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:2062-2069. [PMID: 34798191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cold causes oxidative stress in living organisms, mainly caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the antioxidant defense systems, Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play a vital role in the regulation of detoxification and redox balance of ROS. In this study, the P. canaliculata GST gene family were characterized using a genome-wide search of the conserved domain. Phylogenetic tree and domain composition analysis revealed that 30 PcGSTs belong to seven classes, including five in MAPEG, two in Mu, nine in Omega, 11 in Sigma, one in Rho, Theta and Alpha class, respectively. RNA-seq analysis revealed that most PcGSTs localized in mitochondria highly expressed in hepatopancreas, and most PcGSTs localized in cytoplasm highly expressed in kidney. A total of 12 PcGST genes were significantly up-regulated and PcGST12 was significantly down-regulated after cold acclimation. Ten PcGSTs were identified as DEGs under cold stress after cold acclimation. qRT-PCR revealed that the expression level of five PcGST genes were significantly varied during the cold acclimation. The present study investigated the characterization of the P. canaliculata GST gene family, extending our understanding of GST mediated cold acclimation and cold stress-response mechanisms in this invasive snail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfu Lin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qianwen Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zijin Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuexia Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Peng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lian Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Jiang W, Fang J, Du M, Gao Y, Fang J, Jiang Z. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses reveal benzo[a]pyrene enhances the toxicity of mercury to the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 213:112038. [PMID: 33636467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg2+) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are ubiquitous and persistent pollutants with multiple toxicities in bivalve molluscs. Here, the toxicological responses in the gills of Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, to Hg2+ (10 μg L-1), BaP (3 μg L-1), and their mixture were analysed using transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches. Comparisons of the transcriptomes and metabolomes of Hg2+-and/or BaP-treated clams with control animals revealed the involvement of the detoxification metabolism, immune defence, energy-related pathways, and osmotic regulation in the stress response of R. philippinarum. Exposure to Hg2+ alone primarily enhanced the detoxification and energy metabolic pathways by significantly increasing the expression of genes associated with heat-shock proteins and oxidative phosphorylation. However, co-exposure to Hg2+ and BaP caused greater immunotoxicity and disrupted detoxification metabolism, the TCA cycle, glycolysis, and ATP generation. The expression levels of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), and myosin (MYO), and the activity of electron transport system (ETS) in gills were detected, supporting the underlying toxic mechanisms of Hg2+ and BaP. We suggest that the presence of BaP enhances the toxicity of Hg2+ by 1) hampering the detoxification of Hg2+, 2) increasing the immunotoxicity of Hg2+, and 3) constraining energy availability for clams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinghui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Meirong Du
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yaping Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianguang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Zengjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China.
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Ye Q, Huang JH, Li M, Li HY, Liu JS, Lu S, Yang WD. Responses of cytochrome P450, GST and MXR in the mussel Perna viridis to the exposure of Aureococcus anophagefferens. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 161:111806. [PMID: 33126142 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The brown tide formed by a microscopic alga called Aureococcus anophagefferens has a devastating effect on filter-feeding bivalves, however, the related toxic principle remains an open question. In this study, we found that A. anophagefferens cells could motivate detoxification associated genes including CYP450, GST, P-gp and MVP, and induce SOD activity in the mussel Perna viridis. D1-like and D2-like receptors were expressed at high level in the gills of P. viridis, however, D2-like receptor transcript was too low to detect in digestive gland. The exposure of A. anophagefferens did not lead to any significant alterations in the expression of D1-like and D2-like receptors in both gills and digestive gland. These findings suggested that A. anophagefferens exhibited cytotoxicity toward bivalves, but did not obviously disrupt the dopamine system at transcriptional level in the acute exposure. Further studies are warranted to explore the nature of toxic compounds in A. anophagefferens affected bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ye
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jia-Hui Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Songhui Lu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Xu R, Pan L. Study on the AhR signaling pathway and phase II detoxification metabolic enzymes isoforms in scallop Chlamys farreri exposed to single and mixtures of PAHs. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 190:109980. [PMID: 32800894 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the detoxification metabolism responses in scallop Chlamys farreri exposed to phenanthrene (PHE), chrysene (CHR), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and PHE + CHR + B[a]P for 15 days under laboratory conditions. The mRNA expression levels of AhR signaling pathway (AhR, HSP90, XAP2 and ARNT), detoxification system (phase I: CYP1A1 and CYP1B1; phase II: SULTs, UGT and GSTs) and ATP-binding cassette transporters (phase 0: ABCB1 and phase III: ABCC1, ABCG2) in digestive glands of scallops exposed to PHE (0.7, 2.1 μg/L), CHR (0.7, 2.1 μg/L), B[a]P (0.7, 2.1 μg/L), and PHE + CHR + B[a]P (0.7 + 0.7 +0.7, 2.1 + 2.1 + 2.1 μg/L) were detected. In present study, key genes (AhR, HSP90, XAP2 and ARNT) of the AhR signaling pathway can be significantly induced by pollutants, suggesting that the AhR/ARNT signaling pathway plays a role directly or indirectly. AhR, HSP90 and ARNT reached the maximum value on day 6, which can be preliminarily understood as the synchronization of their functions. Besides, the results also indicated that different genes had specific response to different pollution exposure. CYP1B1, GST-2, GST-omega and GST-microsomal could be potional indexes to PHE, ARNT, GST-sigma 2 and GST-3 were sensitive to CHR exposure, HSP90, GST-theta and ABCG2 were considered as potional indexes to BaP while CYP1A1 and UGT were possible to be indexes for monitoring the mix exposure of these three PAHs. These findings in C. farreri suggested that phase II detoxification metabolic enzymes isoforms played an essential role in detoxification mechanisms and mRNA expression levels of specific SULTs, UGTs and GSTs were potentially to be ideal indexes in PAHs pollution research. In summary, this study provides more valuable information for the risk assessments of different rings of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Ruiyi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
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Liu Z, Jiao Y, Chen Q, Li Y, Tian J, Huang Y, Cai M, Wu D, Zhao Y. Two sigma and two mu class genes of glutathione S-transferase in the waterflea Daphnia pulex: Molecular characterization and transcriptional response to nanoplastic exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126065. [PMID: 32045975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two isoforms of Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) genes, belonging to mu (Dp-GSTm1 and Dp-GSTm2) and sigma (Dp-GSTs1 and Dp-GSTs2) classes, were cloned and characterised in the freshwater Daphnia pulex. No signal peptide was found in any of the four GST proteins, indicating that they were cytosolic GST. A highly conserved glutathione (GSH) binding site (G-site) occurred in the N-terminal sequence, and a substrate binding site (H-site), interacting non-specifically with the second hydrophobic substrate, was present in the C-terminal. A Tyr residue, for the stabilization of GSH, was found to be conserved in the analysed sequences. The secondary and tertiary structures indicated that these genes possess the typical cytosolic GST structure, including a conserved N-terminal domain with a βαβαββα motif. The μ loop (NVGPAPDYDR and NFIGAEWDR in Dp-GSTm1 and Dp-GSTm2, respectively) was identified between the βαβ (β1α1β2) and αββα motifs (α2β3β4α3) in the N-terminal domain. The expressions of Dp-GSTs1, Dp-GSTs2, and Dp-GSTm1 were higher in other age groups compared to the newly-born neonates (1 d); however, the expression of Dp-GSTm2 first increased and then decreased with age. Gene expression was significantly reduced by high concentration (1 and 2 mg/L) of 75 nm polystyrene nanoplastic. However, nanoplastic exposure at the predicted environmental concentration (1 μg/L) had a low effect. Exposure of mothers to nanoplastic (1 μg/L) elevated the Dp-GSTs2 level in their neonates. These results improve our understanding on the response of different types of Daphnid GST to environmental contaminants, especially nanoplastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiangtao Tian
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yinying Huang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingqi Cai
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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11
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Breton TS, Prentiss NK. Metal stress-related gene expression patterns in two marine invertebrates, Hediste diversicolor (Annelida, Polychaeta) and Littorina littorea (Mollusca, Gastropoda), at a former mining site. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 225:108588. [PMID: 31400476 PMCID: PMC6744975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abandoned mines often contaminate sediments with dissolved heavy metals and are known to impact many taxa. Physiological responses needed to avoid oxidative stress from metal toxicity include the upregulation of detoxification and metal-binding proteins such as glutathione-s-transferases and metallothioneins, which have been studied in diverse species. Fewer studies, however, have focused on gene expression changes to better understand these molecular mechanisms, especially across multiple species at a single contaminated site. To this end, the purpose of this study was to characterize metal stress-related gene expression in two species from different phyla, Hediste diversicolor (Annelida, Polychaeta) and Littorina littorea (Mollusca, Gastropoda), at a former mine site (Callahan Mine, Maine, USA). Both species and sediments were collected from a mine-affected tidal estuary (Goose Pond) and a nearby reference site. Elevated sediment metal levels were confirmed at Goose Pond. H. diversicolor individuals weighed significantly less at Goose Pond, while L. littorea weighed similarly at both sites. Transcript levels were stable in H. diversicolor but weakly upregulated in L. littorea, which likely reflect the importance of other physiological strategies for metal sequestration, or variable metal exposure at the individual level, respectively. In addition, patterns in glutathione-s-transferase expression differed across isoforms in H. diversicolor, while L. littorea exhibited divergent expression patterns in foot muscle and hepatopancreas. Overall, these results reinforce that diverse species likely undergo different physiological responses to metal toxicity, and more research is needed to investigate these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Breton
- Division of Natural Sciences, University of Maine at Farmington, 173 High Street, Farmington, ME 04938, United States of America.
| | - Nancy K Prentiss
- Division of Natural Sciences, University of Maine at Farmington, 173 High Street, Farmington, ME 04938, United States of America
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12
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Jiang W, Fang J, Gao Y, Du M, Fang J, Wang X, Li F, Lin F, Jiang Z. Biomarkers responses in Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum after single and combined exposure to mercury and benzo[a]pyrene. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 220:1-8. [PMID: 30802620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Physiological and biochemical responses in bivalves exposed to pollutants have proved a valuable tool to assess the health of organisms in aquatic ecosystems. The single and combined effects of mercury (Hg2+, 2 and 10 μg/L) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, 3 μg/L) on physiological and biochemical biomarkers in Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum were evaluated. Results showed that significant higher oxygen consumption (OR) and ammonia-N excretion rates (NR) together with significant lower ingestion rates (IR) were observed for the 10 μg/L Hg2+ or 3 μg/L BaP treatments compared to controls (P < 0.05). However, clam NR decreased significantly in response to the binary mixtures of 10 μg/L Hg2+ and 3 μg/L BaP (P < 0.05). Moreover, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferases (GSTs), glutathione (GSH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hepatopancreas of clams were induced substantially, whereas glycogen (GLY) contents were suppressed dramatically after Hg2+ and BaP exposure. Additionally, the integrated biomarker response (IBR) values measured showed significant increases in combination treatments and they were much higher than that in the Hg2+ treatment. This study will provide further information on the defense mechanism in the Manila clam after exposure to marine pollutants and may help evaluate the quality of the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Jianguang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Shandong Province 266200, PR China
| | - Yaping Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Meirong Du
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Jinghui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Fengxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Fan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Zengjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Shandong Province 266200, PR China.
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13
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Antas P, Carneiro M, Reis B, Castelo-Branco R, Azevedo J, Urbatzka R, Campos A, Vasconcelos V, Martins JC. GST transcriptional changes induced by a toxic Microcystis aeruginosa strain in two bivalve species during exposure and recovery phases. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:1272-1280. [PMID: 30242593 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the modulation of glutathione transferases (GSTs) induced by microcystin (MC) alone or in combination with other cyanobacterial secondary metabolites in bivalves. However, interspecies information about which and how GST isoforms are affected by these secondary metabolites is still scarce, especially considering the dynamic process involving their uptake and elimination routes. In this context, the role of GSTs gene expression changes in response to a toxic Microcystis aeruginosa extract were examined for Mytilus galloprovincialis and Ruditapes philippinarum during exposure and recovery phases. The expression levels of sigma 1, sigma 2, pi and mu-class GST genes were analyzed in the hepatopancreas of both bivalve species during cyanobacteria extract exposure (24 h) and post-exposure (24 and 72 h). Only a significant induction of sigma 1-class GST expression was observed for R. philippinarum upon 24-hour exposure of both bivalve species to Microcystis extract. During the recovery phase, GST transcriptional changes for M. galloprovincialis were characterized by an early induction (24 h) of sigma 1 and sigma 2 transcripts. On the other hand, GST transcriptional changes for R. philippinarum during post-exposure phase were characterized by an early induction (24 h) of sigma 1 and mu transcripts and a later induction (72 h) of the four analyzed GST transcripts. Such differences reflect variable GST response mechanisms to cope with MC-producing cyanobacterial blooms exposure between these two bivalve species, revealing a higher sensitivity of R. philippinarum to Microcystis-induced stress than M. galloprovincialis. The results also suggest a much higher level of activity of the GST detoxification system during the recovery phase compared to the period of the stress exposure for both bivalve species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Antas
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Mariana Carneiro
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Bruno Reis
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Raquel Castelo-Branco
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Joana Azevedo
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ralph Urbatzka
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Campos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Vítor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Porto University, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, 4069-007, Portugal
| | - José Carlos Martins
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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14
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Chen L, Wu H, Zhao J, Zhang W, Zhang L, Sun S, Yang D, Cheng B, Wang Q. The role of GST omega in metabolism and detoxification of arsenic in clam Ruditapes philippinarum. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 204:9-18. [PMID: 30170209 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The major hazard of arsenic in living organisms is increasingly being recognized. Marine mollusks are apt to accumulate high levels of arsenic, but knowledge related to arsenic detoxification in marine mollusks is still less than sufficient. In this study, arsenic bioaccumulation as well as the role of glutathione S-transferase omega (GSTΩ) in the process of detoxification were investigated in the Ruditapes philippinarum clam after waterborne exposure to As(III) or As(V) for 30 days. The results showed that the gills accumulated significantly higher arsenic levels than the digestive glands. Arsenobetaine (AsB) and dimethylarsenate (DMA) accounted for most of the arsenic found, and monomethylarsonate (MMA) can be quickly metabolized. A subcellular distribution analysis showed that most arsenic was in biologically detoxified metal fractions (including metal-rich granules and metallothionein-like proteins), indicating their important roles in protecting cells from arsenic toxicity. The relative mRNA expressions of two genes encoding GSTΩ were up-regulated after arsenic exposure, and the transcriptional responses were more sensitive to As(III) than As(V). The recombinant GSTΩs exhibited high activities at optimal conditions, especially at 37 °C and pH 4-5, with an As(V) concentration of 60 mM. Furthermore, the genes encoding GSTΩ significantly enhance the arsenite tolerance but not the arsenate tolerance of E. coli AW3110 (DE3) (ΔarsRBC). It can be deduced from these results that GSTΩs play an important role in arsenic detoxification in R. philippinarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Shan Sun
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, PR China
| | - Dinglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Aquatic Products Quality and Standards Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China.
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15
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Cai L, Li J, Yu L, Wei Y, Miao Z, Chen M, Huang R. Characterization of transcriptional responses mediated by benzo[a]pyrene stress in a new marine fish model of goby, Mugilogobius chulae. Genes Genomics 2018; 41:113-123. [PMID: 30242742 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is one of the most studied targets among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Because of the complexity of the toxicity mechanism in BaP, little is known about the molecular mechanism at the level of transcription of BaP in marine fishes. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the molecular basis of the effects of BaP on marine fish, using Mugilogobius chulae (Smith 1932) as the model. A closed colony of M. chulae was used for the BaP toxicity test. Two fish liver samples per replicate from each group were excised and blended into one sample by pooling an equal amount of liver tissue. Total RNA of all samples was extracted separately. Equal quantities of total RNA from the three replicates of the two groups were pooled for sequencing. The sequencing cDNA libraries were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000 system. Differentially expressed genes were detected with the DEGSeq R package. In total, 52,364,032 and 53,771,748 clean nucleotide reads were obtained in the control and BaP-exposed libraries, respectively, with N50 lengths of 1277 and 1288 bp, respectively. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses revealed a significant enrichment of genes related to detoxification, transportation, and lipid metabolism. We also identified, for the first time, an association between endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction and lipid metabolism resulting from BaP exposure. Using quantitative real-time PCR, some effective molecular biomarkers for monitoring of BaP-polluted seawater were identified. The results demonstrate that BaP enhanced the expression of genes involved in detoxification in M. chulae and inhibited that of genes related to lipid metabolism, possibly by suppressing the expression of numerous ER-related genes involved in fat digestion and absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Guangdong Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, No. 11, Fengxin Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Guangdong Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, No. 11, Fengxin Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lujun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Guangdong Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, No. 11, Fengxin Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Guangdong Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, No. 11, Fengxin Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyu Miao
- Key Laboratory of Guangdong Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, No. 11, Fengxin Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Meili Chen
- Key Laboratory of Guangdong Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, No. 11, Fengxin Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren Huang
- Key Laboratory of Guangdong Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, No. 11, Fengxin Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Lyons DD, Morrison C, Philibert DA, Gamal El-Din M, Tierney KB. Growth and recovery of zebrafish embryos after developmental exposure to raw and ozonated oil sands process-affected water. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:405-413. [PMID: 29758497 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing volume of oil sands process-affect water (OSPW) and its toxicity to aquatic organisms, it is important to fully understand its effects and study remediation processes that will enable its release to the environment. Ozone treatment is currently being considered as a tool to expedite remediation, as it is known to degrade toxic organic compounds present in OSPW. In this study, we aimed to measure the effects of OSPW exposure on the growth, development and recovery of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. We also used ozone-treated OSPW to determine whether ozonation negated any effects of raw OSPW exposure. As biomarkers of exposure, we assessed the expression of genes involved in neurodevelopment (ngn1, neuroD), estrogenicity (vtg), oxidative stress (sod1), and biotransformation (cyp1a, cyp1b). Our study found that exposure to both raw and ozonated OSPW did not impair growth of zebrafish embryos, however, otoliths of exposed embryos were smaller than those of control embryos. The expression levels of both cyp1a and cyp1b were induced by raw OSPW exposure. However, after the exposure period, expression levels of these genes returned to control levels within two days of residence in clean water. We found no changes in the expression levels of ngn1, neuroD and vtg genes with exposure to treated or untreated OSPW. Overall, our study found that raw OSPW exposure did not have many negative effects on zebrafish embryos and embryos appeared to recover relatively quickly after exposure ended. Furthermore, ozone treatment decreased the induction of cyp1a and cyp1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle D Lyons
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Christie Morrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Danielle A Philibert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Keith B Tierney
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
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Xiao R, Zhou H, Chen CM, Cheng H, Li H, Xie J, Zhao H, Han Q, Diao X. Transcriptional responses of Acropora hyacinthus embryo under the benzo(a)pyrene stress by deep sequencing. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:387-397. [PMID: 29754063 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coral embryos are a critical and sensitive period for the early growth and development of coral. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is widely distributed in the ocean and has strong toxicity, but there is little information on the toxic effects to coral embryos exposed to this widespread environmental contaminant. Thus, in this study, we utilized the Illumina Hiseq™ 4000 platform to explore the gene response of Acropora hyacinthus embryos under the BaP stress. A total of 130,042 Unigenes were obtained and analyzed, and approximately 37.67% of those matched with sequences from four different species. In total, 2606 Unigenes were up-regulated, and 3872 Unigenes were down-regulated. After Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, the results show that the "cellular process" and "metabolic process" were leading in the category of biological processes, which the "binding" and "catalytic activity" were the most abundant subcategories in molecular function. Based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, the most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched, as well as down-regulated in the pathways of oxidative phosphorylation, metabolism of xenobiotics, immune-related genes, apoptosis and human disease genes. At the same time, 388,197 of Single-nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and 6164 of Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) were obtained, which can be served as the richer and more valuable SSRs molecular markers in the future. The results of this study can help to better understand the toxicological mechanism of coral embryo exposed to BaP, and it is also essential for the protection and restoration of coral reef ecosystem in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hailong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Chien-Min Chen
- Department of Environmental Resources Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Huamin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongwu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaoping Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tropical Island Ecology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China.
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18
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Wang H, Pan L, Si L, Miao J. The role of Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway in the antioxidant defense response induced by PAHs in the calm Ruditapes philippinarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:325-334. [PMID: 29920381 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of cellular responses against environmental stresses. In this study we cloned the full-length cDNAs of the RpNrf2 encompassed 2823 bp from the clam Ruditapes philippinarum (R. philippinarum). Sequences alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that Nrf2 was highly specific in the clams. RpNrf2 expression was detected in gill, digestive gland, mantle and adductor, which the highest transcription level was observed in gill and digestive gland. The gene expressions of RpNrf2, Kelch-like-ECH-associated Protein 1 (Keap1), Cul3-based E3 Ubiquitin Ligase (E3), Glutathione S-transferase (GST-pi), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) in digestive gland was evaluated by real-time PCR after being exposed to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) (0.25, 1and 4 μg/L) for 15 days, which showed that the expression of Nrf2 significantly increased at day 1 and day 6 after exposure (p < 0.05), and there was a negative relationship between the mRNA levels of Nrf2 and Keap1 that indicates the enhancement of Keap1 expression stimulating Nrf2 degradation. RNA interference experiments were conducted to examine the expression profiles of RpNrf2, antioxidant and detoxification genes (GST-pi, Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT and GPx) and Lipid Peroxidase (LPO) level in digestive gland exposed to BaP. The results showed that the mRNA level of Nrf2 was significantly decreased by 63.2%, and the changes of antioxidant and detoxification genes expression were consistent with the Nrf2 gene suggesting that Nrf2 is required for the induction of antioxidant and detoxification genes. Besides, the LPO levels expressed by malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significant higher compared with the control group at 72 h post dsRNA-Nrf2 injection. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that Keap1 can sense nucleophilic or oxidative stress factors to regulate the Nrf2 signaling pathway together with E3 and Nrf2 signaling pathway plays an important role in modulating gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in bivalve mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Lingjun Si
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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Sandamalika WMG, Priyathilaka TT, Liyanage DS, Lee S, Lim HK, Lee J. Molecular characterization of kappa class glutathione S-transferase from the disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus) and changes in expression following immune and stress challenges. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:252-263. [PMID: 29621633 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase (GST; EC 2.5.1.18) isoenzymes represent a complex group of proteins that are involved in phase II detoxification in several organisms. In this study, GST kappa (GSTκ) from the disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus; AbGSTκ) was characterized at both the transcriptional and functional levels to determine its potential capacity to perform as a detoxification agent under conditions of different stress. The predicted AbGSTκ protein consists of 227 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 25.6 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 7.78. In silico analysis reveals that AbGSTκ is a disulfide bond formation protein A (DsbA), consisting of a thioredoxin domain, GSH binding sites (G-sites), and a catalytic residue. In contrast, no hydrophobic ligand binding site (H-site), or signal peptides, were detected. AbGSTκ showed the highest sequence identity with the orthologue from pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) (60.0%). In a phylogenetic tree, AbGSTκ clustered closely together with other fish GSTκs, and was evolutionarily distanced from other cytosolic GSTs. The predicted three-dimensional structure clearly demonstrates that the dimer adopts a butterfly-like shape. A tissue distribution analysis revealed that GSTκ was highly expressed in the digestive tract, suggesting it has detoxification ability. Depending on the tissue and time, AbGSTκ showed different expression patterns, and levels of expression, following challenge of the abalone with immune stimulants. Enzyme kinetics of the purified recombinant proteins demonstrated its conjugating ability using 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and glutathione (GSH) as substrates, and suggested it has a low affinity for both substrates. The optimum temperature and pH for the rAbGSTκ GSH: CDNB conjugating activity were found to be 35 °C and pH 8, respectively indicating that the abalone is well adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. Cibacron blue (100 μM) was capable of completely inhibiting rAbGSTκ (100%) with an IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) of 0.05 μM. A disk diffusion assay revealed that rAbGSTκ could significantly protect cells from H2O2, CdCl2, and ZnCl2. Altogether, this current study suggests that AbGSTκ is involved in detoxification and immunological host defense mechanisms and allows abalones to overcome stresses in order for them to have an increased chance of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Gayashani Sandamalika
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanthrige Thiunuwan Priyathilaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukkyoung Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Kyu Lim
- Department of Marine and Fisheries Resources, College of Natural Sciences, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63333, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Yao L, Pan L, Guo R, Miao J. Expression profiles of different glutathione S-transferase isoforms in scallop Chlamys farreri exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and chrysene in combination and alone. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:480-488. [PMID: 28460308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are increasingly exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) due to anthropogenic pressure. This study aimed at evaluating the response of Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in scallop Chlamys farreri against benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and chrysene (CHR) exposure under laboratory conditions. Nine published GST genes were classified into six subfamilies and a new member of rho family was identified for the first time. Twelve GSTs (including nine published GST genes and three in transcriptome established by our laboratory) mRNA transcript levels in the gills, digestive glands, adductor muscle, mantle, testis, ovaries, blood cells of scallops were measured by real-time PCR. The results showed that the mRNA transcript levels of twelve GSTs, except GST-zeta, GST-mu and GST-microsomal, were highest in digestive gland. Accordingly, the mRNA expression levels of GSTs were measured in digestive glands of scallops exposed to BaP (0.1μg/L and 1μg/L), CHR (0.1μg/L and 1μg/L) and their mixtures (0.1μg/L BaP +0.1μg/L CHR and 1μg/L BaP +1μg/L CHR). The results indicated that different GST had specific response to different pollution exposure. In BaP exposure experiment, the mRNA expression level of GST-theta was a potential suitable biomarker. GST-sigma-2 and GST-3, which belonged to sigma class, were sensitive to CHR exposure while GST-microsomal was considered a potential ideal bioindicator to joint exposure of BaP and CHR. In summary, this study investigated the classification of GSTs and provided information about the expression profiles of different class GSTs after PAHs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Ruiming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jingjing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
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Lu X, Xiang Y, Yang G, Zhang L, Wang H, Zhong S. Transcriptomic characterization of zebrafish larvae in response to mercury exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 192:40-49. [PMID: 27939723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mercury is a widespread toxicant in aquatic environment that can cause deleterious effects on fish. Although a number of mercury-regulated genes have been investigated in adult fish, the transcriptional responses of fish larvae to acute mercury exposure are not well understood. In this study, RNA sequencing was used to examine the transcriptional changes in developing zebrafish larvae under a low concentration of mercuric chloride exposure from 24 to 120hpf. Our initial results showed that a total of 142.59 million raw reads were obtained from sequencing libraries and about 86% of the processed reads were mapped to the reference genome of zebrafish. Differential expression analysis identified 391 up- and 87 down-regulated genes. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that most of the differential expressed genes are closely related to the regulation of cellular process, metabolic process, multicellular organismal process, biological regulation, pigmentation, and response to stimulus. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that antigen processing and presentation was the most significantly enriched pathway. Moreover, we characterized a novel and sensitive mercury-induced ABCB (ATP- binding cassette B subfamily) transporter gene - abcb5. This gene is localized on zebrafish chromosome 16 and contains a 4014bp open-reading frame. The deduced polypeptide is composed of 1337 amino acids and possesses most of functional domains and critical residues defined in human and mouse ABCB5/Abcb5. Functional analysis in vitro demonstrated that overexpression of zebrafish abcb5 gene can significantly decrease the cytotoxicity of mercury in LLC-PK1 cells, implying it is a potential efflux transporter of mercury. Thus, these findings provide useful insights to help further understand the transcriptional response and detoxification ability of zebrafish larvae following acute exposure to mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, Hubei, China.
| | - Ying Xiang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Guohua Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Lang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Shan Zhong
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
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22
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Pessatti TB, Lüchmann KH, Flores-Nunes F, Mattos JJ, Sasaki ST, Taniguchi S, Bícego MC, Dias Bainy AC. Upregulation of biotransformation genes in gills of oyster Crassostrea brasiliana exposed in situ to urban effluents, Florianópolis Bay, Southern Brazil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 131:172-180. [PMID: 27085375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The release of untreated sanitary sewage, combined with unplanned urban growth, are major factors contributing to degradation of coastal ecosystems in developing countries, including Brazil. Sanitary sewage is a complex mixture of chemicals that can negatively affect aquatic organisms. The use of molecular biomarkers can help to understand and to monitor the biological effects elicited by contaminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in transcript levels of genes related to xenobiotic biotransformation in the gills of oysters Crassostrea brasiliana transplanted and kept for 24h at three areas potentially contaminated by sanitary sewage (Bücheller river, BUC; Biguaçu river, BIG; and Ratones island, RAT), one farming area (Sambaqui beach, SAM) and at one reference site (Forte beach, FOR) in the North Bay of Santa Catarina Island (Florianópolis, Brazil). Transcript levels of four cytochrome P450 isoforms (CYP2AU1, CYP3A-like, CYP356A1-like and CYP20A1-like), three glutathione S-transferase (GST alpha-like, GST pi-like and GST microsomal 3-like) and one sulfotransferase gene (SULT-like) were evaluated by means of quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Chemical analysis of the sediment from each site were performed and revealed the presence of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, linear alkylbenzenes and fecal sterols in the contaminated areas (BUC and BIG). Water quality analysis showed that these sites had the highest levels of fecal coliforms and other parameters evidencing the presence of urban sewage discharges. Among the results for gene transcription, CYP2AU1 and SULT-like levels were upregulated by 20 and 50-fold, respectively, in the oysters kept for 24h at the most contaminated site (BUC), suggesting a role of these genes in the detoxification of organic pollutants. These data reinforce that gills possibly have an important role in xenobiotic metabolism and highlight the use of C. brasiliana as a sentinel for monitoring environmental contamination in coastal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás B Pessatti
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Karim H Lüchmann
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - LBBM, Fishery Engineering Department, Santa Catarina State University, Laguna, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Flores-Nunes
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Jacó J Mattos
- Aquaculture Pathology Research Center - NEPAQ, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Sílvio T Sasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Márcia C Bícego
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Afonso Celso Dias Bainy
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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Li Y, Wei L, Cao J, Qiu L, Jiang X, Li P, Song Q, Zhou H, Han Q, Diao X. Oxidative stress, DNA damage and antioxidant enzyme activities in the pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) when exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:234-240. [PMID: 26363325 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the genotoxic and physiological effects of acute hypoxia on the pacific white shrimp (L. vannamei), shrimps were treated firstly with three dissolved oxygen levels 6.5 ppm (control), 3.0 ppm and 1.5 ppm for 24 h, respectively, and then reoxygenated (6.5 ppm) for 24 h. The changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidases (GPX) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and DNA damage in the tissues of gill, hepatopancreas and hemolymph were examined during the period of hypoxia and reoxygenation. The results indicated SOD activity, GPX activity, MDA concentration and DNA damage all increased basically compared with the control during the period of hypoxia except for MDA concentrations in the gill at 12 h and 24 h hypoxia (3.0 ppm), and these parameters were recovered to some degree during the period of reoxygenation. Moreover, the comet assays in the tissues of gill and hepatopancreas showed an obvious time- and dose-dependent response to hypoxia, which indicated comet assay in the two tissues could be used as sensitive biomarker to detect the occurrence of hypoxia. We conclude that acute hypoxia can induce oxidative stress, DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in the tissues of gill, hepatopancreas and hemolymph of L. vannamei and the DNA damage may come from hypoxia-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhu Li
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Haikou Key Laboratory of Environment Toxicology, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lin Wei
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiangrong Cao
- Hainan Provincial Health School, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Liguo Qiu
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiu Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Plant Protection and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qinqin Song
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hailong Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Qian Han
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaoping Diao
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Zou Y, Wei XM, Weng HW, Li HY, Liu JS, Yang WD. Expression profile of eight glutathione S-transferase genes in Crassostrea ariakensis after exposure to DSP toxins producing dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. Toxicon 2015; 105:45-55. [PMID: 26335360 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, changes in eight GSTs mRNA level including GST-α, GST-σ, GST-ω, GST-π, GST-μ, GST-ρ, GST-θ and microsomal GST (mGST) in the oyster Crassostrea ariakensis after exposure to Prorocentrum lima have been evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. Additionally, the contents of five GST isoforms were detected by ELISA. After exposure to P. lima at density of 2 × 10(5) cells/L, mGST mRNA significantly increased in gill, while GST-σ was induced in digestive gland. After exposure to P. lima at density of 2 × 10(6) cells/L, GST-ω and mGST expressions increased in gill, whereas GST-α and GST-σ were induced in digestive gland. The GST content and activity in oysters exposed to P. lima also showed a different pattern when the different isoforms and organs were compared. After exposure to P. lima (2 × 10(6) cell/L), GST-π increased in gill but decreased in digestive gland. The total GST enzyme activity increased in gill, while remained unchanged in digestive gland. These various regulation of GST gene expressions indicated that the GSTs isoenzymes might play divergent physiological roles in the detoxification of DSP toxins in C. ariakensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui-Wen Weng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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25
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Bonnafé E, Sroda S, Budzinski H, Valière A, Pedelluc J, Marty P, Geret F. Responses of cytochrome P450, GST, and MXR in the mollusk Corbicula fluminea to the exposure to hospital wastewater effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:11033-11046. [PMID: 25791265 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical products are a major group of chemical compounds that are continuously released into the environment. The primary pathway of pharmaceuticals to the aquatic environment is the discharge of wastewater effluents. The Psychiatric hospital of Montpon (Dordogne, France) operates with its wastewater treatment plant. We first evaluated the presence and concentrations of 27 pharmaceuticals compounds in these effluents. All of the 27 compounds were detected in these wastewater effluents at concentrations ranging between 37,500 ng L(-1) (paracetamol) and 150 ng L(-1) (citalopram). The aim of the study was then to evaluate the exposure effects of the effluents on cytochrome P450, GST, and MXR responses in Corbicula fluminea gills and digestive glands. Experiments on clams exposed during 1, 3, 7 14, and 21 days revealed a strong and continuous overexpression of mdr1 (multidrug resistant 1) gene expression in gills and transitory variations in pi-gst expression and GST activity. EROD activity increased also transitory after 1 day in the digestive gland of exposed clams. These results indicated that in the effluent, some molecules have undergone metabolism of phase 1 and/or phase 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Bonnafé
- University of Albi, Place de Verdun, 81012, Albi cedex 9, France,
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Glutathione Transferases Responses Induced by Microcystin-LR in the Gills and Hepatopancreas of the Clam Venerupis philippinarum. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:2096-120. [PMID: 26067368 PMCID: PMC4488691 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7062096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A multi-method approach was employed to compare the responses of Glutatione Transferases (GSTs) in the gills and hepatopancreas of Venerupis philippinarum to microcystins (MCs) toxicity. In this way, using the cytosolic fraction, the enzymatic activity of GSTs, superoxide dismutase (SOD), serine/threonine protein phosphatases (PPP2) along with the gene expression levels of four GST isoforms (pi, mu, sigma1, sigma2) were investigated in both organs of the clams exposed for 24 h to 10, 50 and 100 μg L−1 of MC-LR. Cytosolic GSTs (cGSTs) from both organs of the high dose exposed clams were purified by glutathione-agarose affinity chromatography, characterized kinetically and the changes in the expression of cGSTs of the gills identified using a proteomic approach. MC-LR caused an increase in GST enzyme activity, involved in conjugation reactions, in both gills and hepatopancreas (100 μg L−1 exposure). SOD activity, an indicator of oxidative stress, showed significantly elevated levels in the hepatopancreas only (50 and 100 μg L−1 exposure). No significant changes were found in PPP2 activity, the main target of MCs, for both organs. Transcription responses revealed an up-regulation of sigma2 in the hepatopancreas at the high dose, but no significant changes were detected in the gills. Kinetic analysis evidenced differences between gills of exposed and non-exposed extracts. Using proteomics, qualitative and quantitative differences were found between the basal and inducible cGSTs. Overall, results suggest a distinct role of GST system in counteracting MCs toxicity between the gills and the hepatopancreas of V. philippinarum, revealing different roles between GST isoforms within and among both organs.
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27
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Shen M, Zhao DK, Qiao Q, Liu L, Wang JL, Cao GH, Li T, Zhao ZW. Identification of glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes from a dark septate endophytic fungus (Exophiala pisciphila) and their expression patterns under varied metals stress. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123418. [PMID: 25884726 PMCID: PMC4401685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) compose a family of multifunctional enzymes that play important roles in the detoxification of xenobiotics and the oxidative stress response. In the present study, twenty four GST genes from the transcriptome of a metal-tolerant dark septate endophyte (DSE), Exophiala pisciphila, were identified based on sequence homology, and their responses to various heavy metal exposures were also analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 24 GST genes from E. pisciphila (EpGSTs) were divided into eight distinct classes, including seven cytosolic classes and one mitochondrial metaxin 1-like class. Moreover, the variable expression patterns of these EpGSTs were observed under different heavy metal stresses at their effective concentrations for inhibiting growth by 50% (EC50). Lead (Pb) exposure caused the up-regulation of all EpGSTs, while cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) treatments led to the significant up-regulation of most of the EpGSTs (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Furthermore, although heavy metal-specific differences in performance were observed under various heavy metals in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) transformed with EpGSTN-31, the over-expression of this gene was able to enhance the heavy metal tolerance of the host cells. These results indicate that E. Pisciphila harbored a diverse of GST genes and the up-regulated EpGSTs are closely related to the heavy metal tolerance of E. pisciphila. The study represents the first investigation of the GST family in E. pisciphila and provides a primary interpretation of heavy metal detoxification for E. pisciphila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization for Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Da-Ke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization for Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China; School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qin Qiao
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun-Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization for Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guan-Hua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization for Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization for Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization for Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China; School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Reis B, Carneiro M, Machado J, Azevedo J, Vasconcelos V, Martins JC. Transcriptional responses of glutathione transferase genes in Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to microcystin-LR. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:8397-414. [PMID: 25884330 PMCID: PMC4425088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16048397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione Transferases (GSTs) are phase II detoxification enzymes known to be involved in the molecular response against microcystins (MCs) induced toxicity. However, the individual role of the several GST isoforms in the MC detoxification process is still unknown. In this study, the time-dependent changes on gene expression of several GST isoforms (pi, mu, sigma 1, sigma 2) in parallel with enzymatic activity of total GST were investigated in gills and hepatopancreas of the bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to pure MC-LR (10 and 100 µg/L). No significant changes in GST enzyme activities were found on both organs. In contrast, MC-LR affected the transcriptional activities of these detoxification enzymes both in gills and hepatopancreas. GST transcriptional changes in gills promoted by MC-LR were characterized by an early (12 h) induction of mu and sigma 1 transcripts. On the other hand, the GST transcriptional changes in hepatopancreas were characterized by a later induction (48 h) of mu transcript, but also by an early inhibition (6 h) of the four transcripts. The different transcription patterns obtained for the tested GST isoforms in this study highlight the potential divergent physiological roles played by these isoenzymes during the detoxification of MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Reis
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Carneiro
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Machado
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Azevedo
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4069-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José Carlos Martins
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
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Leung PTY, Ip JCH, Mak SST, Qiu JW, Lam PKS, Wong CKC, Chan LL, Leung KMY. De novo transcriptome analysis of Perna viridis highlights tissue-specific patterns for environmental studies. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:804. [PMID: 25239240 PMCID: PMC4190305 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tropical green-lipped mussel Perna viridis is a common biomonitor throughout the Indo-Pacific region that is used for environmental monitoring and ecotoxicological investigations. However, there is limited molecular data available regarding this species. We sought to establish a global transcriptome database from the tissues of adductor muscle, gills and the hepatopancreas of P. viridis in an effort to advance our understanding of the molecular aspects involved during specific toxicity responses in this sentinel species. RESULTS Illumina sequencing results yielded 544,272,542 high-quality filtered reads. After de novo assembly using Trinity, 233,257 contigs were generated with an average length of 1,264 bp and an N50 length of 2,868 bp; 192,879 assembled transcripts and 150,111 assembled unigenes were obtained after clustering. A total of 93,668 assembled transcripts (66,692 assembled genes) with putative functions for protein domains were predicted based on InterProScan analysis. Based on similarity searches, 44,713 assembled transcripts and 25,319 assembled unigenes were annotated with at least one BLAST hit. A total of 21,262 assembled transcripts (11,947 assembled genes) were annotated with at least one well-defined Gene Ontology (GO) and 5,131 assembled transcripts (3,181 assembled unigenes) were assigned to 329 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The quantity of assembled unigenes and transcripts obtained from male and female mussels were similar but varied among the three studied tissues, with the highest numbers recorded in the gills, followed by the hepatopancreas, and then the adductor muscle. Multivariate analyses revealed strong tissue-specific patterns among the three different tissues, but not between sexes in terms of expression profiles for annotated genes in various GO terms, and genes associated with stress responses and degradation of xenobiotics. The expression profiles of certain selected genes in each tissue type were further validated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays and a similar tissue-specific trend was seen. CONCLUSIONS The extensive sequence data generated from this study will provide a valuable molecular resource for facilitating environmental studies with P. viridis, and highlight the importance of tissue-specific approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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Bathige SDNK, Umasuthan N, Saranya Revathy K, Lee Y, Kim S, Cho MY, Park MA, Whang I, Lee J. A mu class glutathione S-transferase from Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum (RpGSTμ): cloning, mRNA expression, and conjugation assays. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 162:85-95. [PMID: 24704543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes that catalyze xenobiotic metabolism in the phase II detoxification process. GSTs have a potential for use as indicators or biomarkers to assess the presence of organic and inorganic contaminants in aquatic environments. In this study, a full-length cDNA of a mu (μ) class GST (RpGSTμ) was identified from Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) and biochemically characterized. The 1356 bp of the cDNA included an open reading frame of 651 bp encoding a polypeptide of 217 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 25.04 kDa and an estimated pI of 6.34. Sequence analysis revealed that the RpGSTμ possessed several characteristic features of μ class GSTs, such as a thioredoxin-like N-terminal domain containing binding sites for glutathione (GSH), a C-terminal domain containing substrate binding sites, and a μ loop. The recombinant RpGSTμ (rRpGSTμ) protein exhibited GSH-conjugating catalytic activity towards several substrates, and significantly strong activity was detected against 4-nitrophenethyl bromide (5.77 ± 0.55) and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB, 3.19 ± 0.05). Kinetic analysis as a function of GSH and CDNB concentrations revealed relatively low Km values of 1.03 ± 0.46 mM and 0.56 ± 0.20 mM, respectively, thereby indicating a GSH-conjugation attributed with high rates. The optimum pH and temperature for the catalytic activity of the rRpGSTμ protein were 7.7 and 37°C, respectively. The effect of two inhibitors, Cibacron blue and hematin, on the activity of rRpGSTμ was evaluated and the IC50 values of 0.65 μM and 9 μM, respectively, were obtained. While RpGSTμ transcripts were highly expressed in gills and hemocytes, a significant elevation in mRNA levels was detected in these tissues after lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and live bacterial (Vibrio tapetis) challenges. These findings collectively suggest that RpGSTμ functions as a potent detoxifier of xenobiotic toxicants present in the aquatic environment, and that its mRNA expression could be modulated by pathogenic stress signal(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- S D N K Bathige
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, , Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, , Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kasthuri Saranya Revathy
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, , Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngdeuk Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, , Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokryel Kim
- Aquatic Life Disease Control Division, National Fisheries and Research & Developmental Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Cho
- Aquatic Life Disease Control Division, National Fisheries and Research & Developmental Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Ae Park
- Aquatic Life Disease Control Division, National Fisheries and Research & Developmental Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, , Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, , Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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Ramos AS, Antunes SC, Gonçalves F, Nunes B. The Gooseneck Barnacle (Pollicipes pollicipes) as a candidate sentinel species for coastal contamination. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 66:317-326. [PMID: 24337668 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-013-9978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of toxic effects caused by complex mixtures of contaminants in the marine environment requires previous validation of toxicological criteria, which may include biomarker end points with distinct biological meanings. This is the case of oxidative stress/phase II detoxification (glutathione-S-transferases activity), oxidative damage (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), and neurotransmission (cholinesterase activity), which are likely to be affected after toxic insults by common marine pollutants. The main purpose of the present study was to assess potential biological alterations in the mollusk species Pollicipes pollicipes (gooseneck barnacle) caused by human contamination and seasonality, during a period of 1 year, in three different areas of the North Atlantic shore of Portugal. Our results indicate that fluctuations of the mentioned biomarkers were strongly related to seasonality, but they may also suffer influence by the already documented patterns of chemical contamination. Organisms collected in contaminated sampling sites (urban areas and oil refinery) showed greater levels of metabolic enzymes and increased levels of lipid peroxidation. These alterations were more evident during the summer, and, in some cases, spring months, suggesting an association between the presence of chemical stressors and temperature-dependent seasonal physiological fluctuations, which contribute to the modulation of the toxic response. In general terms, P. pollicipes was shown to be a promising organism in coastal biomonitoring programs, with an adequate sensitivity toward contamination and/or seasonal fluctuations. However, it is of the utmost importance to consider seasonal fluctuations in physiological parameters that modulate the toxic response. These factors can ultimately compromise the development and interpretation of data from marine biomonitoring programs if a thorough characterization of biological responses is not previously performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Ramos
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
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Sensitivity of Larvae and Adult and the Immunologic Characteristics ofLitopenaeus vannameiunder the Acute Hypoxia. J CHEM-NY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/574534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Litopenaeus vannameiis one of the most commercially important species of shrimp in the world. In this study, we performed acute hypoxia tests withLitopenaeus vannameito estimate 12 h median lethal concentration (LC50) values at different life stages. The results indicated that the 12 h LC50values were significantly different in different life stages of shrimp(P<0.05). The maximum value of 12 h LC50was 2.113 mg L−1for mysis III, and the minimum value was 0.535 mg L−1for adult shrimp with an average total length of 6 cm. The study also determined the hemocyanin concentration (HC) and the total hemocyte counts (THC) in the conditions of hypoxia and reoxygenation. These results showed that the THC decreased and the HC increased under hypoxia, and the THC increased and the HC decreased in the condition of reoxygenation. These results can provide fundamental information for shrimp farming and seedling and also can guide the breeding selection, as well as being very helpful to better understand the hypoxia stress mechanism of shrimp.
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Sun Z, Yang C, Wang L, Wang X, Wang J, Yue F, Liu R, Zhang H, Song L. The protein expression profile in hepatopancreas of scallop Chlamys farreri under heat stress and Vibrio anguillarum challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 36:252-260. [PMID: 24262301 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress and pathogen infection have been considered as the main causes for mass mortality of cultured scallops during summer. In the present study, the expression profiles of proteins in the hepatopancreas of scallop Chlamys farreri were examined to reveal the possible mechanisms of physiological responses of scallop beneath heat stress and bacterial infection. An earlier occurred and higher mortality was observed in the scallops from combination treated group (28 °C and an injection of Vibrio anguillarum) in comparison to those in heat stress (28 °C) and bacteria challenge (V. anguillarum injection only) group, as well as control (PBS) and blank (untreated) group. The proteins in the hepatopancreas from scallops post 6 h of treatment were analyzed by using 2-D PAGE and ImageMaster 2D Platinum. There were total 1003 spots detected in control group, 1193 spots in heat stress group, 1263 spots in bacteria challenge group, and 1241 spots in the combination group. Fifteen protein spots expressed differentially between the combination treatment group and the bacteria challenge group were successfully identified by mass spectrometry and they were mainly classified as binding and catalytic proteins, such as endoglucanase, methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, xylose isomerase, tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, 40s ribosomal protein SA, glutathione S-transferase 4, and Mitochondrial transcription factor A, etc. These results indicated that the mortality of scallops suffered from the combination treatment was probably attributed to the impaired modulation of digestion and metabolism and ruined protein synthesis caused by heat stress together with bacteria infection. These data also provided valuable insights into the possible mechanisms of summer mortality occurrence of scallop at protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chuanyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xingqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Wiseman SB, Anderson JC, Liber K, Giesy JP. Endocrine disruption and oxidative stress in larvae of Chironomus dilutus following short-term exposure to fresh or aged oil sands process-affected water. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 142-143:414-421. [PMID: 24096237 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the toxicity of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) is a significant issue associated with the production of oil from the Alberta oil sands. OSPW is acutely and chronically toxic to organisms, including larvae of Chironomus dilutus. In this study, fresh OSPW ('WIP-OSPW') was collected from the West In-Pit settling pond and aged OSPW ('FE5-OSPW') was collected from the FE5 experimental reclamation pond, both of which are located on the Syncrude Canada Ltd. lease site near Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada. Larvae of C. dilutus were exposed to a freshwater control, WIP-OSPW, or FE5-OSPW for 4 or 7 days and survival, growth, and markers of oxidative stress and endocrine disruption were assessed. Survival was not significantly different among treatment groups. Compared to masses of larvae exposed to freshwater, masses of larvae exposed to WIP-OSPW were 49% lesser on day 4 and 62% lesser on day 7. However, organisms exposed to FE5-OSPW did not have significantly lesser masses than controls. Abundances of transcripts of glutathione-s-transferase (gst), catalase (cat), and glutathione peroxidase (gpx), which are important for the response to oxidative stress, were significantly altered in larvae exposed to WIP-OSPW, but not FE5-OSPW, relative to controls. Peroxidation of lipids was greater in larvae exposed to WIP-OSPW, but not FE5-OSPW. Exposure to fresh OSPW might have caused endocrine disruption because abundances of transcripts of the steroid hormone receptors, ultraspiricle protein (usp), ecysteroid receptor (esr), and estrogen related receptor (err) were greater in larvae exposed to WIP-OSPW for 7 days, but not FE5-OSPW. These results suggest that lesser growth of larvae of C. dilutus exposed to fresh OSPW might be due to oxidative stress and disruption of endocrine processes, and that aging of OSPW attenuates these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Wiseman
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Hui KM, Hao FY, Li W, Zhang Z, Zhang CY, Wang W, Ren Q. Cloning and identification of four Mu-type glutathione S-transferases from the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:546-552. [PMID: 23727284 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are essential components of the cellular detoxification system because of their capability to protect organisms against the toxicity of reactive oxygen species (ROSs). Four different GSTs (MrMuGST1-MrMuGST4) showing similarities with Mu-type GSTs were cloned from the hepatopancreas of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. These four GSTs have 219, 216, 218 and 219 amino acids in length, respectively. MrMuGST1-MrMuGST4 proteins all have a G-site in the N-terminus and an H-site in the C-terminus. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that four Mu-type GSTs are classified into two different clades (MrMuGST2 one clade; MrMuGST1, MrMuGST3 and MrMuGST4 other clades). Nonetheless, no site under positive selection was detected but rapid evolution was found in the few of MuGST genes. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results showed that MrMuGST1 and MrMuGST2 transcripts were expressed in all detected tissues, however, MrMuGST3 and MrMuGST4 were just mainly expressed in hepatopancreas and intestines. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that MrMuGST1 and MrMuGST2 were down-regulated upon Vibrio anguillarum challenge, whereas MrMuGST3 and MrMuGST4 were quickly up-regulated 2 h after the Vibrio challenge. Our results imply that different Mu-type GSTs may respond to Vibrio challenge with different manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Min Hui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, PR China
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He Y, Patterson S, Wang N, Hecker M, Martin JW, El-Din MG, Giesy JP, Wiseman SB. Toxicity of untreated and ozone-treated oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) to early life stages of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:6359-6368. [PMID: 23022117 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to a policy of no release, oil sands process-affected water (OSPW), produced by the surface-mining oil sands industry in North Eastern Alberta, Canada, is stored on-site in tailings ponds. Currently, ozonation is considered one possible method for remediation of OSPW by reducing the concentrations of dissolved organic compounds, including naphthenic acids (NAs), which are considered the primary toxic constituents. However, further work was needed to evaluate the effectiveness of ozonation in reducing the toxicity of OSPW and to ensure that ozonation does not increase the toxicity of OSPW. This study examined effects of untreated, ozone-treated, and activated charcoal-treated OSPW (OSPW, O3-OSPW, and AC-OSPW) on the early life stage (ELS) of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Success of hatching of eggs, spontaneous movement, and incidences of hemorrhage, pericardial edema, and malformation of the spine of embryos were examined. To elucidate the mechanism of toxicity, concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured, and the abundances of transcripts of genes involved in biotransformation of xenobiotics, response to oxidative stress, and apoptosis were quantified by real-time PCR. Compared to the control group, which had an embryo survival rate of 97.9 ± 2.08%, survival was significantly less when exposed to OSPW (43.8 ± 7.12%). Eggs exposed to untreated OSPW exhibited a significantly greater rate of premature hatching, and embryos exhibited greater spontaneous movement. Incidences of hemorrhage (50.0 ± 3.40%), pericardial edema (56.3 ± 7.12%), and malformation of the spine (37.5 ± 5.38%) were significantly greater in embryos exposed to OSPW compared to controls. These effects are typical of exposure to dioxin-like compounds, however, abundance of transcripts of cyp1a was not significantly greater in embryos exposed to OSPW. Significantly greater concentrations of ROS, and greater abundances of transcripts cyp3a, gst, sod, casp9, and apopen compared to controls, indicated that exposure to OSPW caused oxidative stress, which can result in damage to mitochondria and promote activation of caspase enzymes and apoptotic cell death. Removal of dissolved organic constituents by ozone treatment, or by activated charcoal, significantly attenuated all of the adverse effects associated with untreated OSPW. The results suggest that the organic fraction of OSPW can negatively impact the development of fathead minnow embryos through oxidative stress and apoptosis, and that ozonation attenuates this developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe He
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Cheng HY, You HY, Zhou TB. Relationship between GSTM1/GSTT1 Null Genotypes and Renal Cell Carcinoma Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Ren Fail 2012; 34:1052-7. [PMID: 22880812 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2012.708380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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