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Amine ZE, Mauger JF, Imbeault P. CYP1A1, VEGFA and Adipokine Responses of Human Adipocytes Co-exposed to PCB126 and Hypoxia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152282. [PMID: 35892579 PMCID: PMC9331964 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that hypoxia may develop in adipose tissue as its mass expands. Adipose tissue is also the main reservoir of lipophilic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Both hypoxia and PCBs have been shown to alter adipose tissue functions. The signaling pathways induced by hypoxia and pollutants may crosstalk, as they share a common transcription factor: aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT). Whether hypoxia and PCBs crosstalk and affect adipokine secretion in human adipocytes remains to be explored. Using primary human adipocytes acutely co-exposed to different levels of hypoxia (24 h) and PCB126 (48 h), we observed that hypoxia significantly inhibits the PCB126 induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1) transcription in a dose-response manner, and that Acriflavine (ACF)—an HIF1α inhibitor—partially restores the PCB126 induction of CYP1A1 under hypoxia. On the other hand, exposure to PCB126 did not affect the transcription of the vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) under hypoxia. Exposure to hypoxia increased leptin and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and decreased adiponectin levels dose-dependently, while PCB126 increased IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Co-exposure to PCB126 and hypoxia did not alter the adipokine secretion pattern observed under hypoxia and PCB126 exposure alone. In conclusion, our results indicate that (1) hypoxia inhibits PCB126-induced CYP1A1 expression at least partly through ARNT-dependent means, suggesting that hypoxia could affect PCB metabolism and toxicity in adipose tissue, and (2) hypoxia and PCB126 affect leptin, adiponectin, IL-6 and IL-8 secretion differently, with no apparent crosstalk between the two factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab El Amine
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (Z.E.A.); (J.-F.M.)
| | - Jean-François Mauger
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (Z.E.A.); (J.-F.M.)
| | - Pascal Imbeault
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (Z.E.A.); (J.-F.M.)
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(613)-562-5800-(7290)
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2
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Lau SC, Mehdi H, Bragg LM, Servos MR, Balshine S, Scott GR. Exposure to wastewater effluent disrupts hypoxia responses in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117373. [PMID: 34077896 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia (low oxygen) often occurs in aquatic ecosystems that receive effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The combination of hypoxia and WWTP effluent could impair fish health, because WWTP effluent contains multiple contaminants that could disrupt the physiological pathways fish use to cope with hypoxia, but the interactive effects of these stressors on fish physiology are poorly understood. We have examined this issue by exposing mummichog killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) to hypoxia (5 and 2 kPa O2) and/or 100% WWTP effluent for 21 days in a full factorial design. We then measured hypoxia tolerance, whole-animal metabolism, gill morphology, haematology, and tissue metabolites. In clean water, killifish responded to chronic hypoxia with improvements in hypoxia tolerance, as reflected by increases in time to loss of equilibrium at 0.5 kPa (tLOE). These improvements occurred in association with increases in the exposed surface of gill lamellae that resulted from a regression of interlamellar cell mass (ILCM). Concurrent exposure to wastewater attenuated the increases in tLOE and gill remodeling in chronic hypoxia, and nearly depleted brain glycogen stores. Therefore, exposure to WWTP effluent can disrupt the physiological mechanisms fish use to cope with chronic hypoxia and impair hypoxia tolerance. Our research suggests that the combination of stressors near WWTPs can have interactive effects on the physiology and health of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Lau
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Hossein Mehdi
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Leslie M Bragg
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mark R Servos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sigal Balshine
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Graham R Scott
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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3
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Zhang D, Xu X, Ye Q. Metabolism and immunity in breast cancer. Front Med 2020; 15:178-207. [PMID: 33074528 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies that seriously threaten women's health. In the process of the malignant transformation of breast cancer, metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion represent the two main fascinating characteristics of cancer and facilitate cancer cell proliferation. Breast cancer cells generate energy through increased glucose metabolism. Lipid metabolism contributes to biological signal pathways and forms cell membranes except energy generation. Amino acids act as basic protein units and metabolic regulators in supporting cell growth. For tumor-associated immunity, poor immunogenicity and heightened immunosuppression cause breast cancer cells to evade the host's immune system. For the past few years, the complex mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion are deeply investigated, and the genes involved in these processes are used as clinical therapeutic targets for breast cancer. Here, we review the recent findings related to abnormal metabolism and immune characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, their links, and relevant therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Zhang
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Qinong Ye
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100850, China.
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4
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Giacomin M, Bryant HJ, Val AL, Schulte PM, Wood CM. The osmorespiratory compromise: physiological responses and tolerance to hypoxia are affected by salinity acclimation in the euryhaline Atlantic killifish ( Fundulus heteroclitus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.206599. [PMID: 31488621 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.206599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of the fish gill that maximize gas exchange are the same that promote diffusion of ions and water to and from the environment; therefore, physiological trade-offs are likely to occur. Here, we investigated how salinity acclimation affects whole-animal respiratory gas exchange during hypoxia using Fundulus heteroclitus, a fish that inhabits salt marshes where salinity and oxygen levels vary greatly. Salinity had marked effects on hypoxia tolerance, with fish acclimated to 11 and 35 ppt showing much longer time to loss of equilibrium (LOE) in hypoxia than 0 ppt-acclimated fish. Fish acclimated to 11 ppt (isosmotic salinity) exhibited the greatest capacity to regulate oxygen consumption rate (Ṁ O2 ) under hypoxia, as measured through the regulation index (RI) and P crit At 35 ppt, fish had a higher routine metabolic rate (RMR) but a lower RI than fish at 11 ppt, but there were no differences in gill morphology, ventilation or blood O2 transport properties between these groups. In contrast, 0 ppt-acclimated fish had the highest ventilation and lowest O2 extraction efficiency in normoxia and hypoxia, indicating a higher ventilatory workload in order to maintain similar levels of Ṁ O2 These differences were related to alterations in gill morphology, where 0 ppt-acclimated fish had the smallest lamellar surface area with the greatest epithelial cell coverage (i.e. thicker lamellae, longer diffusion distance) and a larger interlamellar cell mass, contrasting with 11 ppt-acclimated fish, which had overall the highest respiratory surface area. The alteration of an array of physiological parameters provides evidence for a compromise between salinity and hypoxia tolerance in killifish acclimated to freshwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Giacomin
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 .,Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, BC, Canada V0R 1B0
| | - Heather J Bryant
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Adalberto L Val
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas 69080-971, Brazil
| | - Patricia M Schulte
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Chris M Wood
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4.,Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, BC, Canada V0R 1B0.,Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1
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5
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Mandic M, Regan MD. Can variation among hypoxic environments explain why different fish species use different hypoxic survival strategies? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:221/21/jeb161349. [PMID: 30381477 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.161349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic environments, hypoxia is a multi-dimensional stressor that can vary in O2 level (partial pressure of O2 in water, PwO2 ), rate of induction and duration. Natural hypoxic environments can therefore be very different from one another. For the many fish species that have evolved to cope with these different hypoxic environments, survival requires adjusting energy supply and demand pathways to maintain energy balance. The literature describes innumerable ways that fishes combine aerobic metabolism, anaerobic metabolism and metabolic rate depression (MRD) to accomplish this, but it is unknown whether the evolutionary paths leading to these different strategies are determined primarily by species' phylogenetic histories, genetic constraint or their native hypoxic environments. We explored this idea by devising a four-quadrant matrix that bins different aquatic hypoxic environments according to their duration and PwO2 characteristics. We then systematically mined the literature for well-studied species native to environments within each quadrant, and, for each of 10 case studies, described the species' total hypoxic response (THR), defined as its hypoxia-induced combination of sustained aerobic metabolism, enhanced anaerobic metabolism and MRD, encompassing also the mechanisms underlying these metabolic modes. Our analysis revealed that fishes use a wide range of THRs, but that distantly related species from environments within the same matrix quadrant have converged on similar THRs. For example, environments of moderately hypoxic PwO2 favoured predominantly aerobic THRs, whereas environments of severely hypoxic PwO2 favoured MRD. Capacity for aerial emergence as well as predation pressure (aquatic and aerial) also contributed to these responses, in addition to other biotic and abiotic factors. Generally, it appears that the particular type of hypoxia experienced by a fish plays a major role in shaping its particular THR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Mandic
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Matthew D Regan
- Comparative Biosciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 35706, USA
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6
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Norisoboldine, a natural AhR agonist, promotes Treg differentiation and attenuates colitis via targeting glycolysis and subsequent NAD +/SIRT1/SUV39H1/H3K9me3 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:258. [PMID: 29449535 PMCID: PMC5833367 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Norisoboldine (NOR), a natural aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, has been demonstrated to attenuate ulcerative colitis (UC) and induce the generation of Treg cells. Under UC condition, hypoxia widely exists in colonic mucosa, and secondary changes of microRNAs (miRs) expressions and glycolysis contribute to Treg differentiation. At present, we worked for exploring the deep mechanisms for NOR-promoted Treg differentiation in hypoxia and its subsequent anti-UC action from the angle of AhR/miR or AhR/glycolysis axis. Results showed that NOR promoted Treg differentiation in hypoxia and the effect was stronger relative to normoxia. It activated AhR in CD4+ T cells under hypoxic microenvironment; CH223191 (a specific AhR antagonist) and siAhR-3 abolished NOR-promoted Treg differentiation. Furthermore, the progress of glycolysis, levels of Glut1 and HK2, and expression of miR-31 rather than miR-219 and miR-490 in CD4+ T cells were downregulated by NOR treatment under hypoxic microenvironment. However, HK2 plasmid but not miR-31 mimic significantly interfered NOR-enhanced Treg polarization. In addition, NOR reduced NAD+ and SIRT1 levels, facilitated the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of SUV39H1 protein, and inhibited the enrichment of H3K9me3 at -1, 201 to -1,500 region of Foxp3 promoter in CD4+ T cells under hypoxic microenvironment, which was weakened by HK2 plasmid, CH223191, and siAhR-3. Finally, the correlation between NOR-mediated activation of AhR, repression of glycolysis, regulation of NAD+/SIRT1/SUV39H1/H3K9me3 signals, induction of Treg cells, and remission of colitis was confirmed in mice with DSS-induced colitis by using CH223191 and HK2 plasmid. In conclusion, NOR promoted Treg differentiation and then alleviated the development of colitis by regulating AhR/glycolysis axis and subsequent NAD+/SIRT1/SUV39H1/H3K9me3 signaling pathway.
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7
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Fitzgerald JA, Jameson HM, Fowler VHD, Bond GL, Bickley LK, Webster TMU, Bury NR, Wilson RJ, Santos EM. Hypoxia Suppressed Copper Toxicity during Early Development in Zebrafish Embryos in a Process Mediated by the Activation of the HIF Signaling Pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:4502-4512. [PMID: 27019216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a global and increasingly important stressor in aquatic ecosystems, with major impacts on biodiversity worldwide. Hypoxic waters are often contaminated with a wide range of chemicals but little is known about the interactions between these stressors. We investigated the effects of hypoxia on the responses of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to copper, a widespread aquatic contaminant. We showed that during continuous exposures copper toxicity was reduced by over 2-fold under hypoxia compared to normoxia. When exposures were conducted during 24 h windows, hypoxia reduced copper toxicity during early development and increased its toxicity in hatched larvae. To investigate the role of the hypoxia signaling pathway on the suppression of copper toxicity during early development, we stabilized the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway under normoxia using a prolyl-4-hydroxylase inhibitor, dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) and demonstrated that HIF activation results in a strong reduction in copper toxicity. We also established that the reduction in copper toxicity during early development was independent of copper uptake, while after hatching, copper uptake was increased under hypoxia, corresponding to an increase in copper toxicity. These findings change our understanding of the current and future impacts of worldwide oxygen depletion on fish communities challenged by anthropogenic toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Fitzgerald
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science , Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah M Jameson
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria H Dewar Fowler
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia L Bond
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa K Bickley
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Tamsyn M Uren Webster
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Nic R Bury
- King's College London , 83 Franklin-Wilkins Building, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Wilson
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Eduarda M Santos
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
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8
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Di Giulio RT, Clark BW. The Elizabeth River Story: A Case Study in Evolutionary Toxicology. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2015; 18:259-98. [PMID: 26505693 PMCID: PMC4733656 DOI: 10.1080/15320383.2015.1074841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Elizabeth River system is an estuary in southeastern Virginia, surrounded by the towns of Chesapeake, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Virginia Beach. The river has played important roles in U.S. history and has been the location of various military and industrial activities. These activities have been the source of chemical contamination in this aquatic system. Important industries, until the 1990s, included wood treatment plants that used creosote, an oil-derived product that is rich in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These plants left a legacy of PAH pollution in the river, and in particular Atlantic Wood Industries is a designated Superfund site now undergoing remediation. Numerous studies examined the distribution of PAH in the river and impacts on resident fauna. This review focuses on how a small estuarine fish with a limited home range, Fundulus heteroclitus (Atlantic killifish or mummichog), has responded to this pollution. While in certain areas of the river this species has clearly been impacted, as evidenced by elevated rates of liver cancer, some subpopulations, notably the one associated with the Atlantic Wood Industries site, displayed a remarkable ability to resist the marked effects PAH have on the embryonic development of fish. This review provides evidence of how pollutants have acted as evolutionary agents, causing changes in ecosystems potentially lasting longer than the pollutants themselves. Mechanisms underlying this evolved resistance, as well as mechanisms underlying the effects of PAH on embryonic development, are also described. The review concludes with a description of ongoing and promising efforts to restore this historic American river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Di Giulio
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Address correspondence to Richard T. Di Giulio, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC27708-0328, USA. E-mail:
| | - Bryan W. Clark
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Ecology Division, National Health & Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
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9
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Vorrink SU, Sarsour EH, Olivier AK, Robertson LW, Goswami PC, Domann FE. PCB 126 perturbs hypoxia-induced HIF-1α activity and glucose consumption in human HepG2 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:377-82. [PMID: 24916446 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic organisms strongly depend on the availability of oxygen for respiration and countless other metabolic processes to maintain cellular homeostasis. Under certain conditions, the amount of available oxygen can be limited. To support survival in environments with limited oxygen supply, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) reprogram vital components of cellular metabolism. HIF-1α is an important mediator of acute and adaptive responses to hypoxic stress. Interestingly, the heterodimeric partner required by HIF-1α to function as transcription factor, known as ARNT, is also an essential part of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transcription factor complex. Thus, via ARNT a crosstalk exists between these two pathways that might affect HIF-1α-mediated processes. In this study we sought to assess the effect of the AhR agonist PCB 126 on HIF-1α activity as well as on HIF-1α-regulated targets involved in cellular metabolism in human HepG2 cells. Our results show that PCB 126 reduced HIF-1α localization to the nucleus. Furthermore, in an in vivo setting, rats exposed to parenteral PCB 126 also displayed reduced hepatocyte nuclear localization of HIF-1α. Additionally, HepG2 cells exposed to PCB 126 displayed reduced hypoxia-regulated HRE-luciferase reporter gene expression as well as a reduction in glucose consumption in conditions of hypoxia. In summary, this study reveals that HIF-1α-regulated cellular metabolic processes are negatively affected by PCB 126 which might ultimately affect adaptive responses and cell survival in hypoxic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine U Vorrink
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ehab H Sarsour
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alicia K Olivier
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Larry W Robertson
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Prabhat C Goswami
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Frederick E Domann
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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10
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Vorrink SU, Domann FE. Regulatory crosstalk and interference between the xenobiotic and hypoxia sensing pathways at the AhR-ARNT-HIF1α signaling node. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 218:82-8. [PMID: 24824450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates many of the responses to toxic environmental chemicals such as TCDD or dioxin-like PCBs. To regulate gene expression, the AhR requires its binding partner, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT). ARNT is also required by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a crucial regulator of responses to conditions of reduced oxygen. The important role of ARNT in both the AhR and HIF-1α signaling pathways establishes a meaningful foundation for a possible crosstalk between these two vitally important signaling pathways. This crosstalk might lead to interference between the two signaling pathways and thus might play a role in the variety of cellular responses after exposure to AhR ligands and reduced oxygen availability. This review focuses on studies that have analyzed the effect of low oxygen environments and hypoxia-mimetic agents on AhR signaling and conversely, the effect of AhR ligands, with a special emphasis on PCBs, on HIF-1α signaling. We highlight studies that assess the role of ARNT, elucidate the mechanism of the crosstalk, and discuss the physiological implications for exposure to AhR-inducing compounds in the context of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine U Vorrink
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Frederick E Domann
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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11
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Myre M, Imbeault P. Persistent organic pollutants meet adipose tissue hypoxia: does cross-talk contribute to inflammation during obesity? Obes Rev 2014; 15:19-28. [PMID: 23998203 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipophilic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) accumulate in lipid-rich tissues such as human adipose tissue. This is particularly problematic in individuals with excess adiposity, a physiological state that may be additionally characterized by local adipose tissue hypoxia. Hypoxic patches occur when oxygen diffusion is insufficient to reach all hypertrophic adipocytes. POPs and hypoxia independently contribute to the development of adipose tissue-specific and systemic inflammation often associated with obesity. Inflammation is induced by increased proinflammatory mediators such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, as well as reduced adiponectin release, an anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing adipokine. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediates the cellular response to some pollutants, while hypoxia responses occur through the oxygen-sensitive transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1. There is some overlap between the two signalling pathways since both require a common subunit called the AhR nuclear translocator. As such, it is unclear how adipocytes respond to simultaneous POP and hypoxia exposure. This brief review explores the independent contribution of POPs and adipose tissue hypoxia as factors underlying the inflammatory response from adipocytes during obesity. It also highlights that the combined effect of POPs and hypoxia through the AhR and HIF-1 signalling pathways remains to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Myre
- Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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12
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García-Tavera JL, Valdés-Lozano D, Poblete-Naredo I, Albores-Medina A, Zapata-Pérez O. Bile benzo[a]pyrene concentration and hepatic CYP1A induction in hypoxic adult tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 92:16-23. [PMID: 23597728 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic hypoxia is a seasonal condition in some coastal and continental wetlands where co-exposure with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution may be detrimental to the biota. In the present study, adult tilapia, an euryoxic fish of high economic importance, were intraperitoneally injected with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (20 mg kg(-1)) and then exposed to graded hypoxia to assess combined effects on some detoxification and fitness parameters. Seventy-two hours after a stepped decrease in dissolved oxygen (<2 mg L(-1)), BaP treatment resulted in a significant diminution on the biliary BaP concentration (70% of normoxic group) and an increase in blood glucose levels (2.17-fold compared with normoxic group). These effects returned to control values in the following 48 h of hypoxia exposure. BaP-induced CYP1A mRNA levels were unaffected by hypoxia, suggesting that reduced bile BaP concentration may be related with effects on protein amount or enzyme activities. LDH mRNA levels, blood lactate and hematocrit remained without change, suggesting no extreme detrimental effects for tilapia in the short-term of the BaP-hypoxia challenge. Our results indicate that BaP treatment and hypoxia targeted glucose metabolism and biliary BaP elimination, probably by favoring the storage of BaP in tilapia tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis García-Tavera
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán 97310, Mexico
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13
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Rahman MS, Thomas P. Effects of hypoxia exposure on hepatic cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) expression in Atlantic croaker: molecular mechanisms of CYP1A down-regulation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40825. [PMID: 22815834 PMCID: PMC3397942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-α (HIF-α) and cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) are biomarkers of environmental exposure to hypoxia and organic xenobiotic chemicals that act through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, respectively. Many aquatic environments heavily contaminated with organic chemicals, such as harbors, are also hypoxic. Recently, we and other scientists reported HIF-α genes are upregulated by hypoxia exposure in aquatic organisms, but the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia regulation of CYP1A expression have not been investigated in teleost fishes. As a first step in understanding the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia modulation of CYP1A expression in fish, we characterized CYP1A cDNA from croaker liver. Hypoxia exposure (dissolved oxygen, DO: 1.7 mg/L for 2 to 4 weeks) caused significant decreases in hepatic CYP1A mRNA and protein levels compared to CYP1A levels in fish held in normoxic conditions. In vivo studies showed that the nitric oxide (NO)-donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine, significantly decreased CYP1A expression in croaker livers, whereas the competitive inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS), N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, restored CYP1A mRNA and protein levels in hypoxia-exposed (1.7 mg DO/L for 4 weeks) fish. In vivo hypoxia exposure also markedly increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β, a cytokine), HIF-2α mRNA and endothelial NOS (eNOS) protein levels in croaker livers. Pharmacological treatment with vitamin E, an antioxidant, lowered the IL-1β, HIF-2α mRNA and eNOS protein levels in hypoxia-exposed fish and completely reversed the down-regulation of hepatic CYP1A mRNA and protein levels in response to hypoxia exposure. These results suggest that hypoxia-induced down-regulation of CYP1A is due to alterations of NO and oxidant status, and cellular IL-1β and HIF-α levels. Moreover, the present study provides the first evidence of a role for antioxidants in hepatic eNOS and IL-1β regulation in aquatic vertebrates during hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saydur Rahman
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas, United States of America.
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Flight PA, Nacci D, Champlin D, Whitehead A, Rand DM. The effects of mitochondrial genotype on hypoxic survival and gene expression in a hybrid population of the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:4503-20. [PMID: 21980951 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The physiological link between oxygen availability and mitochondrial function is well established. However, whether or not fitness variation is associated with mitochondrial genotypes in the field remains a contested topic in evolutionary biology. In this study, we draw on a population of the teleost fish, Fundulus heteroclitus, where functionally distinct subspecies hybridize, likely as a result of past glacial events. We had two specific aims: (i) to determine the effect of mtDNA genotype on survivorship of male and female fish under hypoxic stress and (ii) to determine the effect of hypoxic stress, sex and mtDNA genotype on gene expression. We found an unexpected and highly significant effect of sex on survivorship under hypoxic conditions, but no significant effect of mtDNA genotype. Gene expression analyses revealed hundreds of transcripts differentially regulated by sex and hypoxia. Mitochondrial transcripts and other predicted pathways were among those influenced by hypoxic stress, and a transcript corresponding to the mtDNA control region was the most highly suppressed transcript under the conditions of hypoxia. An RT-PCR experiment on the control region was consistent with microarray results. Effects of mtDNA sequence variation on genome expression were limited; however, a potentially important epistasis between mtDNA sequence and expression of a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial translation protein was discovered. Overall, these results confirm that mitochondrial regulation is a major component of hypoxia tolerance and further suggest that purifying selection has been the predominant selective force on mitochondrial genomes in these two subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Flight
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 80 Waterman St., Box G-W, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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15
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Teng M, Dang YM, Zhang JP, Zhang Q, Fang YD, Ren J, Huang YS. Microtubular stability affects cardiomyocyte glycolysis by HIF-1alpha expression and endonuclear aggregation during early stages of hypoxia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H1919-31. [PMID: 20228255 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01039.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha is a key regulator of anaerobic energy metabolism. We asked the following question: Does the breakdown of microtubular structures influence glycolysis in hypoxic cardiomyocytes by regulating HIF-1alpha? Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured under hypoxic conditions, while microtubule-stabilizing (paclitaxel) and -depolymerizing (colchicine) agents were used to change microtubular structure. Models of high microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4) expression and RNA interference of microtubulin expression were established. Microtubular structural changes and intracellular HIF-1alpha protein distribution were observed with laser confocal scanning microscopy. Content of key glycolytic enzymes, viability, and energy content of cardiomyocytes were determined by colorimetry and high-performance liquid chromatography. HIF-1alpha protein content and mRNA expression were determined by Western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. Low doses of microtubule-stabilizing agent (10 mumol/l paclitaxel) and enhanced expression of MAP4 stabilized the reticular microtubular structures in hypoxic cardiomyocytes, increased the content of key glycolytic enzymes, ameliorated energy supply and enhanced cell viability, and upregulated HIF-1alpha protein expression and endonuclear aggregation. In contrast, the microtubule-depolymerizing agent (10 mumol/l colchicine) or reduced microtubulin expression had adverse affects on the same parameters, in particular, HIF-1alpha protein content and endonuclear aggregation. We conclude that microtubular structural changes influence glycolysis in the early stages of hypoxia in cardiomyocytes by regulating HIF-1alpha content. Stabilizing microtubular structures increases endonuclear and total HIF-1alpha expression, content of key glycolytic enzymes, and energy supply. These findings provide potential therapeutic targets for ameliorating cell energy metabolism during early myocardial hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Teng
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical Univ., Chongqing 400038, China
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Fleming CR, Billiard SM, Di Giulio RT. Hypoxia inhibits induction of aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity in topminnow hepatocarcinoma cells in an ARNT-dependent manner. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 150:383-9. [PMID: 19539049 PMCID: PMC3118667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Revised: 06/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic events often occur in waters contaminated with toxic chemicals, including agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). HIF-1alpha, the mediator of cellular responses to hypoxia, shares a dimerization partner (ARNT) with AhR and reciprocal crosstalk may occur. Studies addressing AhR/hypoxia crosstalk in mammalian cells have produced contradictory results regarding whether reciprocal crosstalk actually occurs between these pathways and the role ARNT plays in this interaction. We assessed hypoxia-AhR crosstalk in fish cells (PLHC-1) treated with hypoxia (1% O(2)) or normoxia (21% O(2)) and AhR agonists (benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), and benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF)) with and without overexpression of ARNT. Hypoxia limited the induction of a transiently transfected AhR reporter by all three of the AhR agonists; overexpression of ARNT eliminated this effect. PCB-126 had no effect on induction of a transiently transfected hypoxia reporter. BkF caused a minor increase in basal and induced hypoxia reporter activity. BaP decreased basal and induced hypoxia reporter activity; overexpression of ARNT did not alter this effect indicating that this interference with hypoxia pathway activity occurs through an alternate mechanism. Reduced hypoxia pathway activity with BaP treatment may be the result of a metabolite. This study supports the hypothesis that HIF-1alpha is able to sequester ARNT from AhR and limit the activity of the AhR pathway, but suggests that the converse is not true.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie R Fleming
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Yu RMK, Ng PKS, Tan T, Chu DLH, Wu RSS, Kong RYC. Enhancement of hypoxia-induced gene expression in fish liver by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2008; 90:235-242. [PMID: 18945501 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fish in polluted coastal habitats commonly suffer simultaneous exposure to both hypoxia and xenobiotics. Although the adaptive molecular responses to each stress have been described, little is known about the interaction between the signaling pathways mediating these responses. Previous studies in mammalian hepatoma cell lines have shown that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)- and/or aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-activated gene expression is suppressed following co-exposure to hypoxia and the hallmark AhR ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). However, whether similar crosstalk exists in the non-tumor liver tissues of fish and whether other non-TCDD ligands also play the same inhibitory role in this crosstalk remain unknown. Here, the in vivo hepatic mRNA expression profiles of multiple hypoxia- and AhR-responsive genes (later gene expression=mRNA expression of the gene) were examined in the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) upon single and combined exposures to hypoxia and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Combined exposure enhanced hypoxia-induced gene expression but did not significantly alter BaP-induced gene expression. Protein carbonyl content was markedly elevated in fish subjected to combined exposure, indicating accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Application of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) to hypoxia-treated grouper liver explants similarly exaggerated hypoxia-induced gene expression as in the combined stress tissues in vivo. These observations suggest that ROS derived from the combined hypoxia and BaP stress have a role in enhancing hypoxia-induced gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Man Kit Yu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Gillardin V, Silvestre F, Dieu M, Delaive E, Raes M, Thomé JP, Kestemont P. Protein expression profiling in the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis tadpoles exposed to the polychlorinated biphenyl mixture aroclor 1254. Mol Cell Proteomics 2008; 8:596-611. [PMID: 19011258 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800323-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is now taken into account to partly explain the worldwide decline of amphibians. PCBs induce deleterious effects on developing amphibians including deformities and delays in metamorphosis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which they express their toxicity during the development of tadpoles are still largely unknown. A proteomics analysis was performed on developing Xenopus laevis tadpoles exposed from 2 to 5 days postfertilization to either 0.1 or 1 ppm Aroclor 1254, a PCB mixture. Two-dimensional DIGE with a minimal labeling method coupled to nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect and identify proteins differentially expressed under PCBs conditions. Results showed that 59 spots from the 0.1 ppm Aroclor 1254 condition and 57 spots from the 1 ppm Aroclor 1254 condition displayed a significant increase or decrease of abundance compared with the control. In total, 28 proteins were identified. The results suggest that PCBs induce mechanisms against oxidative stress (peroxiredoxins 1 and 2), adaptative changes in the energetic metabolism (enolase 1, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase muscle and brain types), and the implication of the unfolded protein response system (glucose-regulated protein, 58 kDa). They also affect, at least at the highest concentration tested, the synthesis of proteins involved in normal cytogenesis (alpha-tropomyosin, myosin heavy chain, and alpha-actin). For the first time, proteins such as aldehyde dehydrogenase 7A1, CArG binding factor-A, prolyl 4-hydroxylase beta, and nuclear matrix protein 200 were also shown to be up-regulated by PCBs in developing amphibians. These data argue that protein expression reorganization should be taken into account while estimating the toxicological hazard of wild amphibian populations exposed to PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Gillardin
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Organismes, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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Richards JG, Sardella BA, Schulte PM. Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in the common killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, during hypoxia exposure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 295:R979-90. [PMID: 18579651 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00192.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the metabolic responses of the hypoxia-tolerant killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) to 15 h of severe hypoxia and recovery with emphasis on muscle substrate usage and the regulation of the mitochondrial protein pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which controls carbohydrate oxidation. Hypoxia survival involved a transient activation of substrate-level phosphorylation in muscle (decreases in [creatine phospate] and increases in [lactate]) during which time mechanisms to reduce overall ATP consumption were initiated. This metabolic transition did not affect total cellular [ATP], but had an impact on cellular energy status as indicated by large decreases in [ATP]/[ADP(free)] and [ATP]/[AMP(free)] and a significant loss of phosphorylation potential and Gibbs free energy of ATP hydrolysis (DeltafG'). The activity of PDH was rapidly (within 3 h) decreased by approximately 50% upon hypoxia exposure and remained depressed relative to normoxic samples throughout. Inactivation of PDH was primarily mediated via posttranslational modification following the accumulation of acetyl-CoA and subsequent activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK). Estimated changes in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial [NAD(+)]/[NADH] did not parallel one another, suggesting the mitochondrial NADH shuttles do not function during hypoxia exposure. Large increases in the expression of PDK (PDK isoform 2) were consistent with decreased PDH activity; however, these changes in mRNA were not associated with changes in total PDK-2 protein content assessed using mammalian antibodies. No other changes in the expression of other known hypoxia-responsive genes (e.g., lactate dehydrogenase-A or -B) were observed in either muscle or liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey G Richards
- Dept. of Zoology, The Univ. of British Columbia, 6270 Univ. Blvd., Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4.
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20
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Burnett KG, Bain LJ, Baldwin WS, Callard GV, Cohen S, Di Giulio RT, Evans DH, Gómez-Chiarri M, Hahn ME, Hoover CA, Karchner SI, Katoh F, MacLatchy DL, Marshall WS, Meyer JN, Nacci DE, Oleksiak MF, Rees BB, Singer TD, Stegeman JJ, Towle DW, Van Veld PA, Vogelbein WK, Whitehead A, Winn RN, Crawford DL. Fundulus as the premier teleost model in environmental biology: opportunities for new insights using genomics. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2007; 2:257-86. [PMID: 18071578 PMCID: PMC2128618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A strong foundation of basic and applied research documents that the estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus and related species are unique laboratory and field models for understanding how individuals and populations interact with their environment. In this paper we summarize an extensive body of work examining the adaptive responses of Fundulus species to environmental conditions, and describe how this research has contributed importantly to our understanding of physiology, gene regulation, toxicology, and ecological and evolutionary genetics of teleosts and other vertebrates. These explorations have reached a critical juncture at which advancement is hindered by the lack of genomic resources for these species. We suggest that a more complete genomics toolbox for F. heteroclitus and related species will permit researchers to exploit the power of this model organism to rapidly advance our understanding of fundamental biological and pathological mechanisms among vertebrates, as well as ecological strategies and evolutionary processes common to all living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen G. Burnett
- Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, 205 Fort Johnson, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Lisa J. Bain
- Clemson Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University; Pendleton, SC 29670, USA
| | - William S. Baldwin
- Clemson Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University; Pendleton, SC 29670, USA
| | | | - Sarah Cohen
- Romberg Tiburon Center and Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA 94120, USA
| | - Richard T. Di Giulio
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David H. Evans
- Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Marta Gómez-Chiarri
- Department of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Mark E. Hahn
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | | | - Sibel I. Karchner
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Fumi Katoh
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, N.S. B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Deborah L. MacLatchy
- Faculty of Science, Wilfred Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3C5
| | - William S. Marshall
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, N.S. B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Joel N. Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Diane E. Nacci
- US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Marjorie F. Oleksiak
- Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Bernard B. Rees
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Thomas D. Singer
- School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, CANADA
| | - John J. Stegeman
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - David W. Towle
- Center for Marine Functional Genomics, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Maine 04672, USA
| | - Peter A. Van Veld
- The College of William and Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Wolfgang K. Vogelbein
- The College of William and Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Andrew Whitehead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Richard N. Winn
- Aquatic Biotechnology and Environmental Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Douglas L. Crawford
- Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA
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21
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Schulte PM. Responses to environmental stressors in an estuarine fish: Interacting stressors and the impacts of local adaptation. J Therm Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2007.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Martin-Rendon E, Hale SJM, Ryan D, Baban D, Forde SP, Roubelakis M, Sweeney D, Moukayed M, Harris AL, Davies K, Watt SM. Transcriptional profiling of human cord blood CD133+ and cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in response to hypoxia. Stem Cells 2006; 25:1003-12. [PMID: 17185612 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) and bone marrow (BM)-derived stem and progenitor cells possess two characteristics required for successful tissue regeneration: extensive proliferative capacity and the ability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Within the normal BM and in pathological conditions, areas of hypoxia may have a role in maintaining stem cell fate or determining the fine equilibrium between their proliferation and differentiation. In this study, the transcriptional profiles and proliferation and differentiation potential of UCB CD133(+) cells and BM mesenchymal cells (BMMC) exposed to normoxia and hypoxia were analyzed and compared. Both progenitor cell populations responded to hypoxic stimuli by stabilizing the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha protein. Short exposures to hypoxia increased the clonogenic myeloid capacity of UCB CD133(+) cells and promoted a significant increase in BMMC number. The differentiation potential of UCB CD133(+) clonogenic myeloid cells was unaltered by short exposures to hypoxia. In contrast, the chondrogenic differentiation potential of BMMCs was enhanced by hypoxia, whereas adipogenesis and osteogenesis were unaltered. When their transcriptional profiles were compared, 183 genes in UCB CD133(+) cells and 45 genes in BMMC were differentially regulated by hypoxia. These genes included known hypoxia-responsive targets such as BNIP3, PGK1, ENO2, and VEGFA, and other genes not previously described to be regulated by hypoxia. Several of these genes, namely CDTSPL, CCL20, LSP1, NEDD9, TMEM45A, EDG-1, and EPHA3 were confirmed to be regulated by hypoxia using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. These results, therefore, provide a global view of the signaling and regulatory network that controls oxygen sensing in human adult stem/progenitor cells derived from hematopoietic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enca Martin-Rendon
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, National Blood Service, Oxford Centre, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, OX3 9BQ, United Kingdom.
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Martínez ML, Landry C, Boehm R, Manning S, Cheek AO, Rees BB. Effects of long-term hypoxia on enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 209:3851-61. [PMID: 16985201 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.02437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to generate a comprehensive, multi-tissue perspective of the effects of chronic hypoxic exposure on carbohydrate metabolism in the Gulf killifish Fundulus grandis. Fish were held at approximately 1.3 mg l(-1) dissolved oxygen (approximately 3.6 kPa) for 4 weeks, after which maximal activities were measured for all glycolytic enzymes in four tissues (white skeletal muscle, liver, heart and brain), as well as for enzymes of glycogen metabolism (in muscle and liver) and gluconeogenesis (in liver). The specific activities of enzymes of glycolysis and glycogen metabolism were strongly suppressed by hypoxia in white skeletal muscle, which may reflect decreased energy demand in this tissue during chronic hypoxia. In contrast, several enzyme specific activities were higher in liver tissue after hypoxic exposure, suggesting increased capacity for carbohydrate metabolism. Hypoxic exposure affected fewer enzymes in heart and brain than in skeletal muscle and liver, and the changes were smaller in magnitude, perhaps due to preferential perfusion of heart and brain during hypoxia. The specific activities of some gluconeogenic enzymes increased in liver during long-term hypoxic exposure, which may be coupled to increased protein catabolism in skeletal muscle. These results demonstrate that when intact fish are subjected to prolonged hypoxia, enzyme activities respond in a tissue-specific fashion reflecting the balance of energetic demands, metabolic role and oxygen supply of particular tissues. Furthermore, within glycolysis, the effects of hypoxia varied among enzymes, rather than being uniformly distributed among pathway enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mery L Martínez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
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Abstract
The role of oxygen in regulating patterns of gene expression in mammalian development, physiology, and pathology has received increasing attention, especially after the discovery of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a transcription factor that has been likened to a "master switch" in the transcriptional response of mammalian cells and tissues to low oxygen. At present, considerably less is known about the molecular responses of nonmammalian vertebrates and invertebrates to hypoxic exposure. Because many animals live in aquatic habitats that are variable in oxygen tension, it is relevant to study oxygen-dependent gene expression in these animals. The purpose of this review is to discuss hypoxia-induced gene expression in fishes from an evolutionary and ecological context. Recent studies have described homologs of HIF in fish and have begun to evaluate their function. A number of physiological processes are known to be altered by hypoxic exposure of fish, although the evidence linking them to HIF is less well developed. The diversity of fish presents many opportunities to evaluate if inter- and intraspecific variation in HIF structure and function correlate with hypoxia tolerance. Furthermore, as an aquatic group, fish offer the opportunity to examine the interactions between hypoxia and other stressors, including pollutants, common in aquatic environments. It is possible, if not likely, that results obtained by studying the molecular responses of fish to hypoxia will find parallels in the oxygen-dependent responses of mammals, including humans. Moreover, novel responses to hypoxia could be discovered through studies of this diverse and species-rich group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Nikinmaa
- Dept. of Biology, Univ. of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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