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Hamulka J, Sulich A, Górnicka M, Jeruszka-Bielak M. Changes in Plasma Carotenoid Concentrations during the AntioxObesity Weight Reduction Program among Adults with Excessive Body Weight. Nutrients 2023; 15:4890. [PMID: 38068747 PMCID: PMC10708139 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma carotenoid concentrations are associated with antioxidant defense which might be disturbed in people with excessive body weight (EBW). This study aimed at evaluating the effect of a 6-week weight reduction program on plasma concentration of β-carotene, lycopene, and lutein/zeaxanthin in adults with EBW. A total of 130 adults were recruited for the study; 75 completed the program. Data on food consumption were collected with a 3-day recording method and a semi-quantitative FFQ. Body height, body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were measured. Lipid profile, β-carotene, lycopene, and lutein/zeaxanthin were analyzed in blood. The AntioxObesity program resulted in a significant reduction in BW, WC, FM, SAT, and VAT. The mean plasma concentrations of β-carotene, lycopene, and lutein/zeaxanthin increased significantly after intervention. A reduction in FM above 4 kg significantly increased the concentration of β-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin, and total carotenoids. An increase in carotenoid levels correlated with FM reduction, as fruit and vegetable intake remained unchanged. However, this effect may vary due to gender, HDL-cholesterol, body fat content, and obesity status in the weight loss process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Hamulka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (M.G.); (M.J.-B.)
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Hajizadeh-Sharafabad F, Zahabi ES, Malekahmadi M, Zarrin R, Alizadeh M. Carotenoids supplementation and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8161-8177. [PMID: 33998846 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1925870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of carotenoids on selected inflammatory parameters. PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of science were searched from inception until April 2021. The random-effect model was used to analyze data and the overall effect size was computed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and corresponding 95% of confidence interval (CI). A total of 26 trials with 35 effect sizes were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated significant effects of carotenoids on C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD: ‒0.54 mg/L, 95% CI: ‒0.71, ‒0.37, P < 0.001), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (WMD: ‒0.54 pg/mL, 95% CI: ‒1.01, ‒0.06, P = 0.025), however the effect on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was not significant (WMD: ‒0.97 pg/ml, 95% CI: ‒1.98, 0.03, P = 0.0.059). For the individual carotenoids, astaxanthin, (WMD: ‒0.30 mg/L, 95% CI: ‒0.51, ‒0.09, P = 0.005), lutein/zeaxanthin (WMD: ‒0.30 mg/L, 95% CI: ‒0.45, ‒0.15, P < 0.001), and β-cryptoxanthin (WMD: ‒0.35 mg/L, 95% CI: ‒0.54, ‒0.15, P < 0.001) significantly decreased CRP level. Also, only lycopene (WMD: ‒1.08 pg/ml, 95%CI: ‒2.03, ‒0.12, P = 0.027) led to a significant decrease in IL-6. The overall results supported possible protective effects of carotenoids on inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hajizadeh-Sharafabad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Sharifi Zahabi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rasoul Zarrin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Bonet ML, Ribot J, Galmés S, Serra F, Palou A. Carotenoids and carotenoid conversion products in adipose tissue biology and obesity: Pre-clinical and human studies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158676. [PMID: 32120014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antiobesity activities of carotenoids and carotenoid conversion products (CCPs) have been demonstrated in pre-clinical studies, and mechanisms behind have begun to be unveiled, thus suggesting these compounds may help obesity prevention and management. The antiobesity action of carotenoids and CCPs can be traced to effects in multiple tissues, notably the adipose tissues. Key aspects of the biology of adipose tissues appear to be affected by carotenoid and CCPs, including adipogenesis, metabolic capacities for energy storage, release and inefficient oxidation, secretory function, and modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. Here, we review the connections of carotenoids and CCPs with adipose tissue biology and obesity as revealed by cell and animal intervention studies, studies addressing the role of endogenous retinoid metabolism, and human epidemiological and intervention studies. We also consider human genetic variability influencing carotenoid and vitamin A metabolism, particularly in adipose tissues, as a potentially relevant aspect towards personalization of dietary recommendations to prevent or manage obesity and optimize metabolic health. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Bonet
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain.
| | - Joan Ribot
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | | | - Francisca Serra
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
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Abstract
Studies have linked obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dementia. Their relationship to the incidence and progression of these disease states suggests an interconnected pathogenesis involving chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. Metabolic syndrome represents comorbidities of central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, NAFLD, atherosclerotic CVD and neurodegenerative disease. As the socioeconomic burden for these diseases has grown signficantly with an increasing elderly population, new and alternative pharmacologic solutions for these cardiometabolic diseases are required. Adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver are central endocrine organs that regulate inflammation, energy and metabolic homeostasis, and the neuroendocrine axis through synthesis and secretion of adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines, respectively. These organokines affect each other and communicate through various endocrine, paracrine and autocrine pathways. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of organ crosstalk. This will include the roles of novel organokines in normal physiologic regulation and their pathophysiological effect in obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, CVD, NAFLD and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Soo Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Beneficial Effects of Adiponectin on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerotic Progression: Mechanisms and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051190. [PMID: 30857216 PMCID: PMC6429491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating adiponectin concentrations are reduced in obese individuals, and this reduction has been proposed to have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. We focus on the effects of adiponectin on glucose and lipid metabolism and on the molecular anti-atherosclerotic properties of adiponectin and also discuss the factors that increase the circulating levels of adiponectin. Adiponectin reduces inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, which leads to an improvement of insulin resistance. Adiponectin-induced improvement of insulin resistance and adiponectin itself reduce hepatic glucose production and increase the utilization of glucose and fatty acids by skeletal muscles, lowering blood glucose levels. Adiponectin has also β cell protective effects and may prevent the development of diabetes. Adiponectin concentration has been found to be correlated with lipoprotein metabolism; especially, it is associated with the metabolism of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride (TG). Adiponectin appears to increase HDL and decrease TG. Adiponectin increases ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and decreases hepatic lipase, which may elevate HDL. Increased LPL mass/activity and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor and reduced apo-CIII may increase VLDL catabolism and result in the reduction of serum TG. Further, adiponectin has various molecular anti-atherosclerotic properties, such as reduction of scavenger receptors in macrophages and increase of cholesterol efflux. These findings suggest that high levels of circulating adiponectin can protect against atherosclerosis. Weight loss, exercise, nutritional factors, anti-diabetic drugs, lipid-lowering drugs, and anti-hypertensive drugs have been associated with an increase of serum adiponectin level.
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Influence of Green Leafy Vegetables in Diets with an Elevated ω-6:ω-3 Fatty Acid Ratio on Rat Blood Pressure, Plasma Lipids, Antioxidant Status and Markers of Inflammation. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020301. [PMID: 30709032 PMCID: PMC6413025 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The typical Western dietary pattern has an elevated ω-6:ω-3 fatty acid ratio (FAR), which may exacerbate the risk of chronic disease. Conversely, the consumption of diets containing green leafy vegetables (GLVs) have been demonstrated to attenuate disease risk. This study investigated the effects of collard greens (CG), purslane (PL) and orange flesh sweetpotato greens (SPG) on measures of disease risk in rats fed diets with a 25:1 ω-6:ω-3 FAR. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were randomly assigned to four dietary groups (n = 10/group) with a 25:1 ω-6:ω-3 FAR. Experimental diets contained 4% (dried weight) CG, PL or SPG. Dietary intake, body weight, blood pressure, plasma adiponectin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity and lipid profile were determined using standardized procedures. Following a 6-week consumption period, systolic blood pressure, plasma adiponectin, total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol decreased following the consumption of diets containing GLVs. While hsCRP increased in SHRs fed diets containing CG and PL, plasma antioxidant capacity was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) with the consumption of diets containing the GLVs. These findings suggest that CG, PL and SPG have the potential to decrease risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with the consumption of diets with an elevated ω-6:ω-3 FAR.
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Inverse association between serum antioxidant levels and inflammatory markers is moderated by adiposity: a report based on a large representative population sample of American adults. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:1272-1278. [PMID: 30378506 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association between plasma antioxidant levels and markers of inflammation, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen (FG) in US adults. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants examined between 2001 and 2002 were included, if data on CRP or FG levels. Serum vitamins A and E, two retinyl esters, and six carotenoids were measured using HPLC with photodiode array detection. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses accounted for the survey design and sample weights. A total of 784 eligible participants were included; 47·5 % (n 372) were men. In multivariable linear regression models, serum α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, cis-β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, combined lutein/zeaxanthin, trans-lycopene, retinyl palmitate, α-tocopherol, retinol and 25-hydroxy vitamin D were negatively associated with serum CRP (P3 mg/l, decreased with increasing levels of antioxidants (α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, cis-β-carotene, vitamins A and E). Furthermore, we found a moderate impact of adiposity on the link between antioxidants and CRP. Our results suggest that the lower the antioxidants levels, the higher the inflammatory burden, based on CRP and FG levels. Adiposity moderately affects this association. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between CVD risk and antioxidant levels was observed. This finding suggests that reduced levels of vitamins with antioxidant properties may predispose to increased CVD risk.
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Jing L, Xiao M, Dong H, Lin J, Chen G, Ling W, Chen Y. Serum Carotenoids Are Inversely Associated with RBP4 and Other Inflammatory Markers in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030260. [PMID: 29495330 PMCID: PMC5872678 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Carotenoids may be inversely associated with inflammatory markers (i.e., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β). However, data are scarce on retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) in humans. We examined the associations among serum carotenoids, RBP4 and several inflammatory markers in a Chinese population. (2) Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study included 3031 participants (68% males) aged 40-75 years in Guangzhou, China. Serum concentrations of carotenoids, RBP4, and inflammatory markers were measured. (3) Results: Generally, serum individual and total carotenoids were significantly and inversely associated with retinol-adjusted RBP4, RBP4, hsCRP, MCP1, and TNF-alpha levels. Age- and gender-adjusted partial correlation coefficients between total carotenoids and the above inflammatory markers were -0.129, -0.097, -0.159, -0.079, and -0.014 (all p < 0.01, except for TNF-alpha with p >0.05), respectively. The multivariate-adjusted values of partial correlation coefficients for these inflammation-related markers were -0.098, -0.079, -0.114, -0.090, and -0.079 (all p < 0.01), respectively. Among the individual carotenoids, those with the most predominant association were lutein-zeaxanthin and total carotenoids for retinol-adjusted RBP4 and RBP4, alpha- and beta-carotene for hsCRP, and alpha-carotene for MCP1 and TNF-alpha. No significant associations were observed for IL-6 and IL-1beta. (4) Conclusions: Serum carotenoids were inversely associated with RBP4, hsCRP, MCP1 and TNF-alpha among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Jing
- Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Mianli Xiao
- Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hongli Dong
- Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jiesheng Lin
- Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Gengdong Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yuming Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Munetsuna E, Yamada H, Ando Y, Yamazaki M, Tsuboi Y, Kondo M, Mizuno G, Ishikawa H, Sugimoto K, Osakabe K, Ichino N, Ohashi K, Hamajima N, Suzuki K. Association of subcutaneous and visceral fat with circulating microRNAs in a middle-aged Japanese population. Ann Clin Biochem 2017; 55:437-445. [PMID: 28920467 DOI: 10.1177/0004563217735124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose It has been demonstrated that circulating microRNA profiles are affected by physiological conditions. Several studies have demonstrated that microRNAs play important roles in the regulation of adiposity. However, few have investigated the relationship between circulating microRNAs and obesity, which has become a major public health problem worldwide. This study investigated the association between circulating microRNAs and obesity in a Japanese population. Methods Obesity parameters, such as subcutaneous and visceral fat adipose tissue, body fat percentage, and body mass index were assessed in a cross-sectional sample of 526 participants who attended health examinations in Yakumo, Japan. In addition, five circulating microRNAs (miR-20a, -21, -27a, -103a, and -320), which are involved in adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction amplification. Results We compared the circulating microRNA concentrations in a percentile greater than 75th (high) with below the value (low) of subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral fat adipose tissue, body mass index, and per cent body fat. For visceral fat adipose tissue, significant decrease in miR-320 expression was observed in high group. Also, for body mass index, significant change of miR-20a, -27a, 103a, and 320 expression level was observed in high group. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that circulating levels of some microRNA such as miR-27a were significantly associated with subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral fat adipose tissue, and body mass index. Conclusions Our findings support the need for further studies to determine whether such changes are consistent across different populations and whether the identified microRNAs may represent novel biomarkers to predict the susceptibility and progression of obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Munetsuna
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroya Yamada
- 2 Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ando
- 3 Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Mirai Yamazaki
- 4 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsuboi
- 5 Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Mari Kondo
- 5 Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Genki Mizuno
- 4 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishikawa
- 4 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- 6 Department of Clinical Physiology, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Keisuke Osakabe
- 6 Department of Clinical Physiology, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Naohiro Ichino
- 6 Department of Clinical Physiology, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Koji Ohashi
- 4 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hamajima
- 7 Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- 5 Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
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Biological sources of variation of serum adiponectin among healthy individuals in comparison with related nutritional and inflammatory markers. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 472:105-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Canas JA, Lochrie A, McGowan AG, Hossain J, Schettino C, Balagopal PB. Effects of Mixed Carotenoids on Adipokines and Abdominal Adiposity in Children: A Pilot Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:1983-1990. [PMID: 28323947 PMCID: PMC6283444 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Carotenoids have been implicated in the regulation of adipocyte metabolism. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of mixed-carotenoid supplementation (MCS) versus placebo on adipokines and the accrual of abdominal adiposity in children with obesity. DESIGN AND SETTING Randomized (1:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention trial to evaluate the effects of MCS over 6 months in a subspecialty clinic. PARTICIPANTS Twenty (6 male and 14 female) children with simple obesity [body mass index (BMI) > 90%], a mean age (± standard deviation) of 10.5 ± 0.4 years, and Tanner stage I to V were enrolled; 17 participants completed the trial. INTERVENTION MCS (which contains β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, astaxanthin, and γ-tocopherol) or placebo was administered daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes were change in β-carotene, abdominal fat accrual (according to magnetic resonance imaging), and BMI z-score; secondary outcomes were adipokines and markers of insulin resistance. RESULTS Cross-sectional analysis of β-carotene showed inverse correlation with BMI z-score, waist-to-height ratio, visceral adipose tissue, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) at baseline. MCS increased β-carotene, total adiponectin, and high-molecular-weight adiponectin compared with placebo. MCS led to a greater reduction in BMI z-score, waist-to-height ratio, and SAT compared with placebo. The percentage change in β-carotene directly correlated with the percentage change in SAT. CONCLUSIONS The decrease in BMI z-score, waist-to-height ratio, and SAT and the concomitant increase in the concentration of β-carotene and high-molecular-weight adiponectin by MCS suggest the putative beneficial role of MCS in children with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Atilio Canas
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, Florida 32207
| | - Amanda Lochrie
- Division of Psychology Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Wolfson Children's Hospital/Baptist Health, Jacksonville, Florida 32207
| | - Amy Galena McGowan
- Behavioral Health, Wolfson Children's Hospital/Baptist Health, Jacksonville, Florida 32207
| | - Jobayer Hossain
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Alfred I DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware 19803
| | - Christopher Schettino
- Department of Radiology, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, Florida 32207
| | - P Babu Balagopal
- Biomedical Analysis Laboratory, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, Florida 32207
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Chung RWS, Leanderson P, Lundberg AK, Jonasson L. Lutein exerts anti-inflammatory effects in patients with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2017; 262:87-93. [PMID: 28527371 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many coronary artery disease (CAD) patients exhibit chronic low-grade inflammation. Carotenoids are anti-oxidants with potential anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we first assessed relationships between interleukin (IL)-6 and individual carotenoids in plasma from CAD patients. Based on the results, we proceeded to assess anti-inflammatory effects of one carotenoid, lutein, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CAD patients. METHODS Lutein + zeaxanthin (isomers with lutein being dominant), β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, α- and β-carotene and IL-6 were measured in plasma from 134 patients with stable angina (SA) and 59 patients with acute coronary syndrome. In 42 patients, plasma measurements were also performed 3 months after coronary intervention. PBMCs from SA patients were pre-treated with lutein (1, 5 and 25 μM) for 24 h followed by 24 h incubation ± lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell pellets were collected for IL-6, IL-1β and TNF mRNA and intracellular lutein. Cytokine secretion was measured in cell media. RESULTS Only lutein + zeaxanthin were inversely correlated with IL-6 in SA patients at baseline (r = -0.366, p < 0.001) and follow-up (r = -0.546, p < 0.001). Ex vivo, lutein was taken up by PBMCs from SA patients in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Pre-treatment with lutein dose-dependently lowered LPS-induced secretion of IL-6, IL-1β (p < 0.01) and TNF (p < 0.05), and also reduced IL-6, IL-1β and TNF mRNA expression (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Clinical findings highlighted the inverse association between lutein and IL-6 in CAD patients. Anti-inflammatory effects of lutein in PBMCs from CAD patients were consolidated in ex vivo experiments. Taken together, these results show that lutein has the potential to play a role in resolution of chronic inflammation in CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna W S Chung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Per Leanderson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna K Lundberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lena Jonasson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
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Huang Z, Yang MJ, Ma Q, Liu SF. Supercritical CO2 extraction of Chinese lantern: Experimental and OEC modeling. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Leermakers ET, Darweesh SK, Baena CP, Moreira EM, Melo van Lent D, Tielemans MJ, Muka T, Vitezova A, Chowdhury R, Bramer WM, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Felix JF, Franco OH. The effects of lutein on cardiometabolic health across the life course: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:481-94. [PMID: 26762372 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.120931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antioxidant lutein is suggested as being beneficial to cardiometabolic health because of its protective effect against oxidative stress, but evidence has not systematically been evaluated. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate systematically the effects of lutein (intake or concentrations) on cardiometabolic outcomes in different life stages. DESIGN This is a systematic review with meta-analysis of literature published in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar up to August 2014. Included were trials and cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies in which the association between lutein concentrations, dietary intake, or supplements and cardiometabolic outcomes was reported. Two independent investigators reviewed the articles. RESULTS Seventy-one relevant articles were identified that included a total of 387,569 participants. Only 1 article investigated the effects of lutein during pregnancy, and 3 studied lutein in children. Furthermore, 31 longitudinal, 33 cross-sectional, and 3 intervention studies were conducted in adults. Meta-analysis showed a lower risk of coronary heart disease (pooled RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.98) and stroke (pooled RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.93) for the highest compared with the lowest tertile of lutein blood concentration or intake. There was no significant association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (pooled RR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.22), but higher lutein was associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (pooled RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.92) for the highest compared with the lowest tertile. The literature on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases showed that lutein might be beneficial for atherosclerosis and inflammatory markers, but there were inconsistent associations with blood pressure, adiposity, insulin resistance, and blood lipids. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher dietary intake and higher blood concentrations of lutein are generally associated with better cardiometabolic health. However, evidence mainly comes from observational studies in adults, whereas large-scale intervention studies and studies of lutein during pregnancy and childhood are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina P Baena
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rajiv Chowdhury
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Wichor M Bramer
- Medical Library, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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15
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Yefsah-Idres A, Benazzoug Y, Otman A, Latour A, Middendorp S, Janel N. Hepatoprotective effects of lycopene on liver enzymes involved in methionine and xenobiotic metabolism in hyperhomocysteinemic rats. Food Funct 2016; 7:2862-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00095a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia, defined by an increased plasma homocysteine level, is commonly associated with chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Yefsah-Idres
- Département des Sciences Agro-alimentaire
- Faculté SNV
- université Saad Dahlab (Blida1)
- Algeria
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et remodelage de la matrice extracellulaire
| | - Yasmina Benazzoug
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et remodelage de la matrice extracellulaire
- (LBCM) FSB.USTHB
- Alger
- Algeria
| | - Amel Otman
- Laboratoire centrale du (CHU) Bab El Oued Alger
- Algeria
| | - Alizée Latour
- Univ Paris Diderot-CNRS UMR 8251
- unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA)
- Paris
- France
| | - Sandrine Middendorp
- Univ Paris Diderot-CNRS UMR 8251
- unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA)
- Paris
- France
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Univ Paris Diderot-CNRS UMR 8251
- unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA)
- Paris
- France
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16
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Rühl R, Landrier JF. Dietary regulation of adiponectin by direct and indirect lipid activators of nuclear hormone receptors. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:175-84. [PMID: 26610729 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine mainly secreted by adipocytes that presents antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antiatherogenic functions. Therefore, modulation of adiponectin expression represents a promising target for prevention or treatment of several diseases including insulin resistance and type II diabetes. Pharmacological agents such as the nuclear hormone receptor synthetic agonists like peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ agonists are of particular interest in therapeutic strategies due to their ability to increase the plasma adiponectin concentration. Nutritional approaches are also of particular interest, especially in primary prevention, since some active compounds of our diet (notably vitamins, carotenoids, or other essential nutrients) are direct or indirect lipid-activators of nuclear hormone receptors and are modifiers of adiponectin expression and secretion. The aim of the present review is to summarize current knowledge about the nutritional regulation of adiponectin by derivatives of active compounds naturally present in the diet acting as indirect or direct activators of nuclear hormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rühl
- Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Public Health Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - J F Landrier
- INRA, Marseille, France.,INSERM, Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, Marseille, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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17
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Luisa Bonet M, Canas JA, Ribot J, Palou A. Carotenoids and their conversion products in the control of adipocyte function, adiposity and obesity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 572:112-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Ben Amara N, Tourniaire F, Maraninchi M, Attia N, Amiot-Carlin MJ, Raccah D, Valéro R, Landrier JF, Darmon P. Independent positive association of plasma β-carotene concentrations with adiponectin among non-diabetic obese subjects. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:447-54. [PMID: 24906472 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many epidemiological studies find an inverse correlation between carotenoids intake or carotenoids plasma concentrations and body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome in the general population. However, it is not clear whether these relationships occur in obese population. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in 108 obese non-diabetic patients. RESULTS There was an inverse correlation between plasma levels of pro-vitamin A carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin) and both BMI and insulin resistance (estimated by the HOMA-IR). No correlation between plasma concentrations of lycopene or lutein/zeaxanthin and BMI or insulin resistance was found. The inverse association between the three pro-vitamin A carotenoids and HOMA-IR disappeared after adjustment for BMI and waist circumference. Interestingly, we identified a positive association between concentrations of β-carotene and adiponectin in plasma that was independent of sex, age, smoking status, BMI and waist circumference. To our knowledge, such association has never been described in obese patients. CONCLUSION These results suggest the existence of a favourable effect of β-carotene on insulin sensitivity in obese individuals that could involve a positive regulation of adiponectin, either directly or via its pro-vitamin A activity. The demonstration of the potential benefits of β-carotene towards insulin sensitivity would open the way to dietary strategies to prevent metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ben Amara
- UMR 1260, INRA, Université d'Aix-Marseille, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
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19
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Ortiz-Espejo M, Gil-Campos M, Mesa MD, García-Rodríguez CE, Muñoz-Villanueva MC, Pérez-Navero JL. Alterations in the antioxidant defense system in prepubertal children with a history of extrauterine growth restriction. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:607-15. [PMID: 23925485 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of oxidative stress is well known in the pathogenesis of acquired malnutrition. Intrauterine growth restriction has been associated with an imbalance in oxidative stress/antioxidant system. Therefore, early postnatal environment and, consequently, extrauterine growth restriction might be associated with alterations in the antioxidant defense system, even in the prepubertal stage. METHODS This is a descriptive, analytical, and observational case-control study. The study included two groups; 38 Caucasian prepubertal children born prematurely and with a history of extrauterine growth restriction as the case group, and 123 gender- and age-matched controls. Plasma exogenous antioxidant (retinol, β-carotene, and α-tocopherol) concentrations were measured by HPLC; antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were determined in lysed erythrocytes by spectrophotometric techniques. RESULTS Catalase and glutathione peroxidase concentrations were significantly lower in extrauterine growth restriction children than in controls (P < 0.001). Lower plasma retinol concentrations were found in the case group (P = 0.029), while concentrations of β-carotene and α-tocopherol were higher (P < 0.001) in extrauterine growth restriction prepubertal children as compared with controls. After correction by gestational age, birth weight, and length, statistically significant differences were also found, except for retinol. CONCLUSIONS Prepubertal children with a history of extrauterine growth restriction present alterations in their antioxidant defense system. Knowing these alterations may be important in establishing pharmacological and nutritional treatments as this situation might be associated with higher metabolic disorders in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ortiz-Espejo
- Unit of Metabolism and Pediatric Investigation, Department of Pediatrics, University Reina Sofia Hospital, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
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20
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Suzuki K, Ishii J, Kitagawa F, Kuno A, Kusuhara Y, Ochiai J, Ichino N, Osakabe K, Sugimoto K, Yamada H, Ito Y, Hamajima N, Inoue T. Association of serum carotenoid levels with N-terminal pro-brain-type natriuretic peptide: a cross-sectional study in Japan. J Epidemiol 2013; 23:163-8. [PMID: 23474820 PMCID: PMC3700260 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20120087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several epidemiologic studies have reported an inverse association between serum levels of carotenoids and cardiovascular disease risk. However, no studies have reported an association between serum carotenoids and N-terminal pro-brain-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in the general population. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we investigated whether serum carotenoids were associated with serum NT-proBNP in 1056 Japanese subjects (390 men, 666 women) who attended a health examination. Serum levels of carotenoids were separately determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Serum NT-proBNP level was measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. RESULTS Serum NT-proBNP was elevated (≥55 pg/ml) in 31.8% of men and 48.2% of women. Multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for confounding factors showed a significant association between the highest quartile of serum α-carotene and elevated NT-proBNP in men (odds ratio [OR] = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.19-0.82, P for trend = 0.005) and women (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.39-0.99, P for trend = 0.047). In women, moreover, elevated serum NT-proBNP was significantly associated with serum canthaxanthin (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.36-0.90 for highest quartile, P for trend = 0.026) and β-cryptoxanthin (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.32-0.85 for highest quartile, P for trend = 0.026), after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of serum carotenoids were associated with lower risk of elevated serum NT-proBNP levels after adjusting for possible confounders, which suggests that a diet rich in carotenoids could help prevent cardiac overload in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
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Dietary antioxidant capacity is associated with improved serum antioxidant status and decreased serum C-reactive protein and plasma homocysteine concentrations. Eur J Nutr 2013; 52:1901-11. [PMID: 23287847 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the associations of dietary TAC from diet and supplements with serum antioxidant concentrations and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) in US adults. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. Food consumption data, serum antioxidant levels, and serum CRP and Plasma tHcy concentrations of 4,391 US adults aged ≥19 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002 were analyzed. The USDA flavonoid and proanthocyanidin databases and dietary supplement data as well as antioxidant capacities of 43 antioxidants were also utilized. RESULT Serum CRP and plasma tHcy concentrations were higher in older adults, smokers, and those with lower non-leisure time physical activity levels (P < 0.05). Energy-adjusted daily total antioxidant capacity (TAC) from diet and supplements was positively associated with serum vitamin E and carotenoid concentrations (P < 0.05). Adjusted odds ratio (OR) for plasma tHcy >13 μmol/L significantly decreased across quartiles of TAC from diet and supplements (Q1 = 2.18 (1.56-2.77); Q2 = 1.30 (1.00-2.07); Q3 = 1.34 (0.84-2.28); Q4 = 1.00; P for linear trend <0.001). A negative trend across quartiles of TAC from diet and supplements was also observed in OR for serum CRP ≥3 mg/L (Q1 = 1.26 (0.97-1.70); Q2 = 1.21 (0.91-1.66); Q3 = 0.97 (0.80-1.24); Q4 = 1.00; P for linear trend <0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that dietary TAC provided an integrated conceptual tool in assessing serum antioxidants and investigating the associations between antioxidant intake and CVD risk. The implicated applicability of dietary TAC needs further validation in prospective cohort studies.
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Melendez-Martinez AJ, Stinco CM, Liu C, Wang XD. A simple HPLC method for the comprehensive analysis of cis/trans (Z/E) geometrical isomers of carotenoids for nutritional studies. Food Chem 2012; 138:1341-50. [PMID: 23411252 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Geometrical isomers of carotenoids behave differently in aspects like stability towards oxidants, bioavailability, vitamin A activity and specificity for enzymes. The availability of HPLC methods for their detailed profiling is therefore advisable to expand our knowledge on their metabolism and biological role. In this paper the development of a methodology to determine the highest number of geometrical isomers of major carotenoids in humans (phytoene, phytofluene, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, β-carotene and lycopene) is described. To assess its usefulness with biological samples both postprandial human plasma and lung samples from ferrets were analysed. Up to 48 isomers of the main human carotenoids were separated in 62 min. This is to the best of our knowledge the report of the highest number of carotenoid geometrical isomers separated with a HPLC method. Twenty-six different carotenoid isomers were readily detected in the biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Melendez-Martinez
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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