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Thakral N, Desalegn H, Diaz LA, Cabrera D, Loomba R, Arrese M, Arab JP. A Precision Medicine Guided Approach to the Utilization of Biomarkers in MASLD. Semin Liver Dis 2024. [PMID: 38991536 DOI: 10.1055/a-2364-2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The new nomenclature of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) emphasizes a positive diagnosis based on cardiometabolic risk factors. This definition is not only less stigmatizing but also allows for subclassification and stratification, thereby addressing the heterogeneity of what was historically referred to as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The heterogeneity within this spectrum is influenced by several factors which include but are not limited to demographic/dietary factors, the amount of alcohol use and drinking patterns, metabolic status, gut microbiome, genetic predisposition together with epigenetic factors. The net effect of this dynamic and intricate system-level interaction is reflected in the phenotypic presentation of MASLD. Therefore, the application of precision medicine in this scenario aims at complex phenotyping with consequent individual risk prediction, development of individualized preventive strategies, and improvements in the clinical trial designs. In this review, we aim to highlight the importance of precision medicine approaches in MASLD, including the use of novel biomarkers of disease, and its subsequent utilization in future study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimish Thakral
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Hailemichael Desalegn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luis Antonio Diaz
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MASLD Research Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
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Castillo-Castro C, Martagón-Rosado AJ, Ortiz-Lopez R, Garrido-Treviño LF, Villegas-Albo M, Bosques-Padilla FJ. Promising diagnostic biomarkers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: From clinical proteomics to microbiome. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:1494-1511. [PMID: 34904026 PMCID: PMC8637675 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i11.1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver has been present in the lives of patients and physicians for almost two centuries. Vast knowledge has been generated regarding its etiology and consequences, although a long path seeking novel and innovative diagnostic biomarkers for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is still envisioned. On the one hand, proteomics and lipidomics have emerged as potential noninvasive resources for NAFLD diagnosis. In contrast, metabolomics has been able to distinguish between NAFLD and NASH, even detecting degrees of fibrosis. On the other hand, genetic and epigenetic markers have been useful in monitoring disease progression, eventually functioning as target therapies. Other markers involved in immune dysregulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation are involved in the instauration and evolution of the disease. Finally, the fascinating gut microbiome is significantly involved in NAFLD and NASH. This review presents state-of-the-art biomarkers related to NAFLD and NASH and new promises that could eventually be positioned as diagnostic resources for this disease. As is evident, despite great advances in studying these biomarkers, there is still a long path before they translate into clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandro José Martagón-Rosado
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Rocio Ortiz-Lopez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Mexico
| | | | - Melissa Villegas-Albo
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Bosques-Padilla
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64710, Mexico
- Centro Regional para el Estudio de las Enfermedades Digestivas, Servicio de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
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Gupta N, Sahar T, Khowal S, Ganaie IA, Mughees M, Khullar D, Jain SK, Wajid S. Differential levels of CHMP2B, LLPH, and SLC25A51 proteins in secondary renal amyloidosis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:65-73. [PMID: 33583303 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1890588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Renal amyloidosis (RA) is a rare disease, typically manifested with proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, and ultimately leads to renal failure. The present study aims to profile the proteomes of renal amyloidosis patient's serum and healthy controls, along with relative quantification to find out robust markers for RA. METHODS In this study, 12 RA patients and their corresponding age and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited from the Nephrology department of Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi. We employed gel-based proteomic approach coupled with MALDI-TOF MS to compare protein expression patterns in RA patients and controls. Furthermore, validation of differential proteins (selected) was done using bio-layer interferometry. RESULTS Eleven proteins showed remarkably altered expression levels. Moreover, expression modulation of three proteins (LLPH, SLC25A51, and CHMP2B) was validated which corroborated with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) results showing significant upregulation (p < 0.05) in RA patients followed by ROC analysis which demonstrated the diagnostic potential of these proteins. A protein-protein master network was generated implicating the above identified proteins along with their interactors, fishing out the routes leading to amyloidosis. CONCLUSION This study indicates that the identified serum proteomic signatures could improve early diagnosis and lead to possible therapeutic targets in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, INDIA
| | - Tahreem Sahar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, INDIA
| | - Sapna Khowal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, INDIA
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad Ganaie
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, INDIA
| | - Mohd Mughees
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, INDIA
| | - Dinesh Khullar
- Department of Nephrology Nephrology and Renal Transplant Medicine, Max Super Speciality Hospital (A Unit of Devki Devi Foundation), New Delhi, INDIA
| | - S K Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, INDIA
| | - Saima Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, INDIA
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Huang B, Yao Y, Li Y, Yang H, Liu H, Liu H, Li D, Shu W, Chen M. Proteomics approach to investigate dynamic protein profile involved in high fat diet-induced fatty liver disease in rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2019; 32:223-232. [PMID: 31719749 PMCID: PMC6831498 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2018-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder of the liver found worldwide. The
molecular mechanisms underlying NAFLD initiation and progression, however, remain poorly
understood. In this study, fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) combined
with mass spectrometry was performed to profile the intracellular processes in the rat
liver at the proteome level when rats were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Dynamic
changes of 27 protein spots were observed. Among them, upregulation of 14 spots and
downregulation of 13 spots were observed during the eight weeks of the high fat
diet-induction period. These spots were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser
desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF), and
ultimately 24 proteins were identified with more than 95% confidence. Gene ontology (GO)
annotation indicated that these proteins were implicated in the metabolism of
carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids. Four proteins were validated by western blot.
Further functional studies on these dynamically changing proteins may lead to a better
understanding of the mechanisms of high fat diet-induced fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medical Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin city, Guangxi Province, 541004, China
| | - Yanling Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medical Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin city, Guangxi Province, 541004, China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medical Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin city, Guangxi Province, 541004, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medical Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin city, Guangxi Province, 541004, China
| | - Huchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medical Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin city, Guangxi Province, 541004, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning city, Guangxi Province, 530021, China
| | - Dongming Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning city, Guangxi Province, 530021, China
| | - Wei Shu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning city, Guangxi Province, 530021, China
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medical Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin city, Guangxi Province, 541004, China
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Ma B, Chen J, Mu Y, Xue B, Zhao A, Wang D, Chang D, Pan Y, Liu J. Proteomic analysis of rat serum revealed the effects of chronic sleep deprivation on metabolic, cardiovascular and nervous system. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199237. [PMID: 30235220 PMCID: PMC6147403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an essential and fundamental physiological process that plays crucial roles in the balance of psychological and physical health. Sleep disorder may lead to adverse health outcomes. The effects of sleep deprivation were extensively studied, but its mechanism is still not fully understood. The present study aimed to identify the alterations of serum proteins associated with chronic sleep deprivation, and to seek for potential biomarkers of sleep disorder mediated diseases. A label-free quantitative proteomics technology was used to survey the global changes of serum proteins between normal rats and chronic sleep deprivation rats. A total of 309 proteins were detected in the serum samples and among them, 117 proteins showed more than 1.8-folds abundance alterations between the two groups. Functional enrichment and network analyses of the differential proteins revealed a close relationship between chronic sleep deprivation and several biological processes including energy metabolism, cardiovascular function and nervous function. And four proteins including pyruvate kinase M1, clusterin, kininogen1 and profilin-1were identified as potential biomarkers for chronic sleep deprivation. The four candidates were validated via parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) based targeted proteomics. In addition, protein expression alteration of the four proteins was confirmed in myocardium and brain of rat model. In summary, the comprehensive proteomic study revealed the biological impacts of chronic sleep deprivation and discovered several potential biomarkers. This study provides further insight into the pathological and molecular mechanisms underlying sleep disorders at protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jincheng Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongying Mu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Bingjie Xue
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aimei Zhao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daoping Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Dennis Chang
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Yinghong Pan
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (YP)
| | - Jianxun Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
- * E-mail: (JL); (YP)
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Ilan Y. Analogy between non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hypertension: a stepwise patient-tailored approach for NASH treatment. Ann Gastroenterol 2018; 31:296-304. [PMID: 29720855 PMCID: PMC5924852 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2018.0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common liver disorder worldwide. Although there has been improvement in our understanding of the natural history and pathogenesis of the disease, there is still no approved therapy for NASH. NASH shares many similarities with primary hypertension, in that both are extremely common disorders that can easily lead to serious complications if left untreated. Both conditions are viewed as "silent killers", because the disease can progress over a period of time prior to the occurrence of potentially deadly outcomes. While attempts to find the "miracle pill" for NASH are unrealistic, we can make an analogy with the "stepwise combination" approach developed over the last few decades for the treatment of hypertension. In the present review, we summarize some of the similarities in the concepts that underlie NASH and hypertension. The development of a stepwise patient-tailored method for the treatment of NASH is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Ilan
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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D'Hooghe T, Kyriakidi K, Karassa FB, Politis D, Skamnelos A, Christodoulou DK, Katsanos KH. Biomarker Development in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. BIOMARKERS FOR ENDOMETRIOSIS 2017. [PMCID: PMC7122305 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-59856-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease—namely, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis—psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and many others affect millions of people worldwide, causing a high burden of disease, socioeconomic impact, and healthcare cost. These diseases have common features including autoimmune pathogenesis and frequent co morbidity. The treatment of these chronic inflammatory diseases usually requires long-term immunosuppressive therapies with undesirable side effects. The future of chronic inflammatory disease prevention, detection, and treatment will be greatly influenced by the use of more effective biomarkers with enhanced performance. Given the practical issues of collecting tissue samples in inflammatory diseases, biomarkers derived from body fluids have great potential for optimized patient management through the circumvention of the abovementioned limitations. In this chapter, peripheral blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers used in chronic inflammatory conditions are reviewed. In detail, this chapter reviews biomarkers to fore used or emerging to be used in patients with chronic inflammatory conditions. Those include inflammatory bowel diseases, chronic inflammatory conditions of the liver, biliary tract, pancreas, psoriasis, atopic disease, inflammatory skin diseases, rheumatic diseases, demyelination, and also the chronic inflammatory component of various other diseases in general medicine—including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Development of personalized medicine is closely linked to biomarkers, which may serve as the basis for diagnosis, drug discovery, and monitoring of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D'Hooghe
- 0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fDepartment of Development and Regeneration Organ Systems, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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Li H, He Y, Di C, Yan J, Zhang H. Comparative analysis of the serum proteome for biomarker discovery to reveal hepatotoxicity induced by iron ion radiation in mice. Life Sci 2016; 167:57-66. [PMID: 27815023 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Proteomic analysis of serum biomarkers to determine liver toxicity after exposure to cosmic radiation has not been performed previously. This study was to identify serum biomarkers associated with hepatotoxicity following exposure to iron ion radiation. MAIN METHODS Male mice were whole-body irradiated with a 2grayunit (Gy) iron ion beam, and after 3months, serum and liver samples were collected. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to separate the identified serum proteins, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF) was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblotting were applied to evaluate protein expression, and immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to investigate protein localization. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to confirm altered gene expression. KEY FINDINGS A total of 11 spots that showed differential expression were screened and identified as seven proteins. Of these, six proteins were in the same bioinformatics network and included complement component 3, serum amyloid P-component, apolipoprotein E, alpha-2-macroglobulin, fibrinogen alpha chain, and fibrinogen gamma chain. All of these proteins are synthesized by the liver, and may play an important role in liver toxicity. We also confirmed the mRNA transcription, and found that mRNA expression of the six identified proteins increased in the liver in irradiated mice. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that these proteins may be potential biomarkers of hepatotoxicity in astronauts enduring long space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuxuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070,China
| | - Cuixia Di
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215021, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhang T, Zhang C, Tang F, Zhong N, Li H, Song X, Lin H, Liu Y, Xue F. Identification of reciprocal causality between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome by a simplified Bayesian network in a Chinese population. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e008204. [PMID: 26395497 PMCID: PMC4593152 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It remains unclear whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a cause or a consequence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We proposed a simplified Bayesian network (BN) and attempted to confirm their reciprocal causality. SETTING Bidirectional longitudinal cohorts (subcohorts A and B) were designed and followed up from 2005 to 2011 based on a large-scale health check-up in a Chinese population. PARTICIPANTS Subcohort A (from NAFLD to MetS, n=8426) included the participants with or without NAFLD at baseline to follow-up the incidence of MetS, while subcohort B (from MetS to NAFLD, n=16,110) included the participants with or without MetS at baseline to follow-up the incidence of NAFLD. RESULTS Incidence densities were 2.47 and 17.39 per 100 person-years in subcohorts A and B, respectively. Generalised estimating equation analyses demonstrated that NAFLD was a potential causal factor for MetS (relative risk, RR, 95% CI 5.23, 3.50 to 7.81), while MetS was also a factor for NAFLD (2.55, 2.23 to 2.92). A BN with 5 simplification strategies was used for the reciprocal causal inference. The BN's causal inference illustrated that the total effect of NAFLD on MetS (attributable risks, AR%) was 2.49%, while it was 19.92% for MetS on NAFLD. The total effect of NAFLD on MetS components was different, with dyslipidemia having the greatest (AR%, 10.15%), followed by obesity (7.63%), diabetes (3.90%) and hypertension (3.51%). Similar patterns were inferred for MetS components on NAFLD, with obesity having the greatest (16.37%) effect, followed by diabetes (10.85%), dyslipidemia (10.74%) and hypertension (7.36%). Furthermore, the most important causal pathway from NAFLD to MetS was that NAFLD led to elevated GGT, then to MetS components, while the dominant causal pathway from MetS to NAFLD began with dyslipidaemia. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest a reciprocal causality between NAFLD and MetS, and the effect of MetS on NAFLD is significantly greater than that of NAFLD on MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyuan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chengqi Zhang
- Health Management Center, Shandong Provincial QianFoShan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Health Management Center, Shandong Provincial QianFoShan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nvjuan Zhong
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongkai Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhong Song
- Health Management Center, Shandong Provincial QianFoShan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Health Management Center, Shandong Provincial QianFoShan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanxun Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Identification of differentially expressed serum proteins in infectious purpura fulminans. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:698383. [PMID: 24659849 PMCID: PMC3934775 DOI: 10.1155/2014/698383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpura fulminans (PF) is a life-threatening hemorrhagic condition. Because of the rarity and randomness of the disease, no improvement in treatment has been made for a long time. In this study, we assessed the serum proteome response to PF by comparing serum proteins between healthy controls and PF patient. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach was used after depleting 6 abundant proteins of serum. In total, 262 proteins were confidently identified with 2 unique peptides, and 38 proteins were identified significantly up- (≥2) or downregulated (≤0.5) based on spectral counting ratios (SpCPF/N). In the 38 proteins with significant abundance changes, 11 proteins were previously known to be associated with burn or sepsis response, but 27 potentially novel proteins may be specifically associated with PF process. Two differentially expressed proteins, alpha-1-antitrypsin (SERPINA1) and alpha-2 antiplasmin (SERPINF2), were validated by Western blot. This is the first study where PF patient and healthy controls are compared in a proteomic study to elucidate proteins involved in the response to PF. This study provides an initial basis for future studies of PF, and the differentially expressed proteins might provide new therapeutic targets to decrease the mortality of PF.
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Yilmaz Y. Is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease the hepatic expression of the metabolic syndrome? World J Hepatol 2012; 4:332-4. [PMID: 23355910 PMCID: PMC3554796 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v4.i12.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is generally considered as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome (MS). Although there is no doubt that NAFLD is tightly linked to the MS, the diagnosis of NAFLD encompasses a broad range of histological entities and as a composite phenotype may be hindering attempts to understand the mechanistic basis of these variants. The awareness that NAFLD is not solely and invariably associated with the MS is a useful means to help direct future studies. We should be aware that mechanisms other than insulin resistance may contribute to the chronic inflammatory processes that underpin the development of liver fat accumulation and the subsequent architectural distortion of the liver. Further studies with special focus on hemoglobin as a risk factor for the development of NAFLD in the absence of MS should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Yilmaz
- Yusuf Yilmaz, Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, 34840 Istanbul, Turkey
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