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Peng Z, Wang X, Zhu Q, Wang H, Li B, Pang X, Han J. CMKLR1 Antagonist Alpha-NETA Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy in Mice. Kidney Blood Press Res 2023; 48:405-413. [PMID: 37231814 PMCID: PMC10308536 DOI: 10.1159/000530763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication in diabetic patients. Chemerin, a novel adipokine, has been associated with renal damage in DN. The chemerin chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) has been reported to participate in DN. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of a CMKLR1 antagonist, 2-(anaphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium iodide (α-NETA), on DN. METHODS To induce diabetes, 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic mice were randomly assigned to receive daily doses of 0, 5, or 10 mg/kg α-NETA for 4 weeks. RESULTS α-NETA dose-dependently induced body weight and reduced fasting blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Furthermore, α-NETA significantly reduced the expressions of renal injury markers, including serum creatinine, kidney weight/body weight, urine volume, total proteins, and albumin in the urine, and increased creatinine clearance. Periodic acid-Schiff staining also indicated that α-NETA could effectively ameliorate renal injuries in DN mice. In addition, α-NETA inhibited renal inflammation and the expressions of chemerin and CMKLR1 in mice with DN. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings suggested that α-NETA has beneficial effects on the management of DN. Specifically, α-NETA effectively ameliorated renal damage and inflammation in a dose-dependent manner in mice with DN. Thus, targeting the chemerin and CMKLR1 axis with α-NETA may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zining Peng
- Second clinical medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueyi Wang
- Second clinical medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Second clinical medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Second clinical medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- Second clinical medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Pang
- Department of Nephropathy, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiarui Han
- Second clinical medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Redondo-Flórez L, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Martín-Rodríguez A, Martínez-Guardado I, Navarro-Jiménez E, Laborde-Cárdenas CC, Tornero-Aguilera JF. The Role of Adipokines in Health and Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051290. [PMID: 37238961 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are cell-signaling proteins secreted by adipose tissue that has been related to a low-grade state of inflammation and different pathologies. The present review aims to analyze the role of adipokines in health and disease in order to understand the important functions and effects of these cytokines. For this aim, the present review delves into the type of adipocytes and the cytokines produced, as well as their functions; the relations of adipokines in inflammation and different diseases such as cardiovascular, atherosclerosis, mental diseases, metabolic disorders, cancer, and eating behaviors; and finally, the role of microbiota, nutrition, and physical activity in adipokines is discussed. This information would allow for a better understanding of these important cytokines and their effects on body organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Beltrán-Velasco
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ismael Martínez-Guardado
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain
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Liu R, Han Y, Huang C, Hou M, Cheng R, Wang S, Li X, Tian J. Adipocyte-derived chemerin rescues lipid overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. iScience 2023; 26:106495. [PMID: 37096038 PMCID: PMC10121453 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemerin, an adipocyte-secreted protein, has been recently suggested to be linked to metabolic syndrome and cardiac function in obese and diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the potential roles of adipokine chemerin on high fat-induced cardiac dysfunction. Chemerin (Rarres2) knockout mice, which were fed with either a normal diet or a high-fat diet for 20 weeks, were employed to observe whether adipokine chemerin affected lipid metabolism, inflammation, and cardiac function. Firstly, we found normal metabolic substrate inflexibility and cardiac function in Rarres2 -/- mice with a normal diet. Notably, in a high-fat diet, Rarres2 -/- mice showed lipotoxicity, insulin resistance, and inflammation, thus causing metabolic substrate inflexibility and cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, by using in vitro model of lipid-overload cardiomyocytes, we found chemerin supplementation reversed the lipid-induced abnormalities above. Herein, in the presence of obesity, adipocyte-derived chemerin might function as an endogenous cardioprotective factor against obese-related cardiomyopathy.
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Wang B, Kou W, Ji S, Shen R, Ji H, Zhuang J, Zhao Y, Li B, Peng W, Yu X, Li H, Xu Y. Prognostic value of plasma adipokine chemerin in patients with coronary artery disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:968349. [PMID: 36158825 PMCID: PMC9493186 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.968349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipokine chemerin was proven to be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), but its prognostic implications in CAD remain unclear. Methods This study consists of two parts, one is a basic study and the other is a clinical cohort study. First, we investigated the differential expression of six adipokines in the atherosclerotic mice model compared to mice with milder degrees of atherosclerosis and mice without atherosclerosis using microarray data. We then examined the potential of chemerin as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator in a CAD cohort. A total of 152 patients were enrolled in our study, including 77 patients with angiographically proven CAD and 75 control subjects without cardiovascular disease. Plasma adipokine chemerin levels were measured in all patients, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were followed up, including ischemic stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction, revascularization, and cardiovascular death. Results In the aortas of atherosclerotic mice, chemerin expression was up-regulated compared to control mice. The plasma chemerin levels of CAD patients were higher than those of non-CAD patients (128.93 ± 37.06 vs. 109.85 ± 27.47 mmol/L, respectively, P < 0.001). High chemerin levels were an independent predictor of CAD (β = 2.702, 95% CI, 1.344–5.431, P = 0.001). We followed up with patients for a median duration of 5.5 years (3.9–5.6). The Kaplan–Meier curves showed that patients in the high chemerin group had a significantly higher risk of MACEs than the low chemerin group in patients with CAD (log-rank P = 0.003), not with non-CAD (Log-rank P = 0.120). Furthermore, Cox multivariate analysis revealed that high chemerin levels were an independent predictor of MACEs (HR 2.267; 95% CI, 1.139–4.515; P = 0.020). Finally, the cellular study showed that chemerin is predominantly expressed in PBMC-derived macrophages. Conclusion Plasma chemerin levels were increased in the CAD patients, and a high chemerin level increased the risk of MACEs in CAD patients.
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Chen D, Zhang Y, Yidilisi A, Xu Y, Dong Q, Jiang J. Causal Associations Between Circulating Adipokines and Cardiovascular Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e2572-e2580. [PMID: 35134201 PMCID: PMC9113792 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Observational studies have suggested associations between adipokines and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the roles of certain adipokines remain controversial, and these associations have not yet been ascertained causally. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether circulating adipokines causally affect the risk of CVD using 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS Independent genetic variants strongly associated with adiponectin, resistin, chemerin, and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) were selected from public genome-wide association studies. Summary-level statistics for CVD, including coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure (HF), and stroke and its subtypes were collected. The inverse-variance weighted and Wald ratio methods were used for the MR estimates. The MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, weighted median, MR-Egger, leave-one-out analysis, MR Steiger, and colocalization analyses were used in the sensitivity analysis. RESULTS Genetically predicted resistin levels were positively associated with AF risk (odds ratio [OR] 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.13; P = 4.1 × 10-5), which was attenuated to null after adjusting for blood pressure. We observed suggestive associations between higher genetically predicted chemerin levels and an increased risk of CAD (OR 1.27; 95% CI, 1.01-1.60; P = 0.040), higher genetically predicted RBP4 levels and an increased risk of HF (OR 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02-1.27; P = 0.024). There was no causal association between genetically predicted adiponectin levels and CVD risk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal the causal association between resistin and AF, probably acting through blood pressure, and suggest potential causal associations between chemerin and CAD, RBP4, and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abuduwufuer Yidilisi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qichao Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Ren Q, Wang H, Zeng Y, Fang X, Wang M, Li D, Huang W, Xu Y. Circulating chemerin levels in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:27. [PMID: 35236351 PMCID: PMC8889738 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Chemerin is a brand-new adipokine that has been linked to both inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Even though a rising number of studies have connected chemerin to metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly referred to as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), this association has been controversial. Methods A comprehensive literature search was undertaken up to February 1, 2022, in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, WANFANG, and CBM library databases. Circulating chemerin levels were obtained and summarized using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted to examine the possibility of heterogeneity. Results A total of 17 studies involving 2580 participants (1584 MAFLD patients and 996 controls) evaluated circulating chemerin levels in patients with MAFLD. The present study showed that higher chemerin levels were found in patients with MAFLD (SMD: 1.32; 95% CI: 0.29, 2.35) and nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) (SMD: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.01, 1.50) compared to controls. However, circulating chemerin levels did not differ significantly in the following comparisons: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients and controls (SMD: 0.75; 95% CI: -0.52, 2.03); NASH patients and NAFL patients (SMD: 0.16; 95% CI: -0.39, 0.70); moderate to severe steatosis and mild steatosis (SMD: 0.55; 95% CI: -0.59, 1.69); present liver fibrosis and absent liver fibrosis (SMD: 0.66; 95% CI: -0.42, 1.74); present lobular inflammation and absent lobular inflammation (SMD: 0.45; 95% CI: -0.53, 1.42); and present portal inflammation and absent portal inflammation (SMD: 1.92; 95% CI: -0.85, 4.69). Conclusions Chemerin levels were considerably greater in patients with MAFLD than in controls, despite the fact that they were not significantly linked to different liver tissue lesions of MAFLD. In different subtypes of MAFLD, in comparison to healthy controls, the chemerin levels of NAFL patients were higher, whereas, there was no obvious difference in chemerin levels between NASH patients and controls. It is possible that chemerin will be used as a biomarker in the future to track the development and progression of MAFLD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01637-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongya Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongze Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China. .,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China. .,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China. .,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China. .,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China. .,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China. .,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Szpakowicz A, Szpakowicz M, Lapinska M, Paniczko M, Lawicki S, Raczkowski A, Kondraciuk M, Sawicka E, Chlabicz M, Kozuch M, Poludniewski M, Dobrzycki S, Kowalska I, Kaminski K. Serum Chemerin Concentration Is Associated with Proinflammatory Status in Chronic Coronary Syndrome. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081149. [PMID: 34439815 PMCID: PMC8392272 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemerin is an adipokine and a chemoattractant for leukocytes. Increased chemerin levels were observed in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated associations between chemerin and biochemical measurements or body composition in CAD patients. Methods: In the study, we included patients with stable CAD who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the past. All patients had routine blood tests, and their insulin and chemerin serum levels were routinely measured. Body composition was assessed with the DEXA method. Results: The study group comprised 163 patients (mean age 59.8 ± years, 26% of females, n = 43). There was no significant difference in serum chemerin concentrations between patients with diabetes and the remaining ones: 306.8 ± 121 vs. 274.15 ± 109 pg/mL, p = 0.1. Chemerin correlated positively with the white blood cell (WBC) count, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, hsCRP, all fractions of cholesterol, triglycerides, platelet count, fasting insulin, and c-peptide. Chemerin levels were also correlated with total fat mass but only in a subgroup with normal glucose metabolism. Conclusion: In patients with CAD, serum chemerin levels are correlated with inflammation markers, insulin resistance, and an unfavorable lipid profile. Correlation with fat mass is dependent on glucose metabolism status. Depending on the presence of diabetes/prediabetes, the mechanisms regulating chemerin secretion may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szpakowicz
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (A.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Malgorzata Szpakowicz
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (A.R.); (M.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Magda Lapinska
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (A.R.); (M.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Marlena Paniczko
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (A.R.); (M.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Slawomir Lawicki
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (A.R.); (M.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrzej Raczkowski
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (A.R.); (M.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcin Kondraciuk
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (A.R.); (M.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Emilia Sawicka
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (A.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Malgorzata Chlabicz
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (A.R.); (M.K.); (M.C.)
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.K.); (M.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Marcin Kozuch
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.K.); (M.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Maciej Poludniewski
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.K.); (M.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Slawomir Dobrzycki
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.K.); (M.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Irina Kowalska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Karol Kaminski
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (A.S.); (E.S.)
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (M.S.); (M.L.); (M.P.); (S.L.); (A.R.); (M.K.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Anghel L, Sascău R, Zota IM, Stătescu C. Well-Known and Novel Serum Biomarkers for Risk Stratification of Patients with Non-ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5688. [PMID: 34073616 PMCID: PMC8198011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy encompasses a wide spectrum of myocardial disorders, characterized by left ventricular dilatation with systolic impairment and increased risk of sudden cardiac death. In spite of all the therapeutic progress that has been made in recent years, dilated cardiomyopathy continues to be an important cause of cardiac transplant, being associated with an enormous cost burden for health care systems worldwide. Predicting the prognosis of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy is essential to individualize treatment. Late gadolinium enhancement-cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, microvolt T-wave alternans, and genetic testing have emerged as powerful tools in predicting sudden cardiac death occurrence and maximizing patient's selection. Despite all these new diagnostic modalities, additional tests to complement or replace current tools are required for better risk stratification. Therefore, biomarkers are an easy and important tool that can help to detect patients at risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Additionally, identifying potential biomarkers involved in dilated cardiomyopathy can provide us important information regarding the diagnostic, prognostic, risk stratification, and response to treatment for these patients. Many potential biomarkers have been studied in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, but only a few have been adopted in current practice. Therefore, the aim of our review is to provide the clinicians with an update on the well-known and novel biomarkers that can be useful for risk stratification of patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Anghel
- Internal Medicine Department, ”Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iași, Romania; (L.A.); (I.M.Z.); (C.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I. M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania
| | - Radu Sascău
- Internal Medicine Department, ”Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iași, Romania; (L.A.); (I.M.Z.); (C.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I. M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania
| | - Ioana Mădălina Zota
- Internal Medicine Department, ”Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iași, Romania; (L.A.); (I.M.Z.); (C.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I. M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristian Stătescu
- Internal Medicine Department, ”Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iași, Romania; (L.A.); (I.M.Z.); (C.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I. M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania
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Sun JX, Zhang C, Cheng ZB, Tang MY, Liu YZ, Jiang JF, Xiao X, Huang L. Chemerin in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 520:8-15. [PMID: 34022243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), a chronic arterial disease, is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory reactions and lipid accumulation in parallel with aberrant angiogenesis and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. Adipose tissue has been suggested to have an integral influence on metabolism and endocrine secretion, while there have been increasing concerns about the possible involvement of adipokines in cardiovascular diseases, including AS. Here, we focused on chemerin, an adipokine highly expressed in adipose tissue, with strong evidence of an association with inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, metabolic disorder, aberrant angiogenesis, VSMC proliferation and calcification. In this review, we discuss chemerin and its receptors in the pathogenesis of AS. However, the existing data assign various, even contradictory, roles to chemerin in atherosclerosis, such as inhibiting vascular calcification and impairing endothelial function. Current studies focusing on its anti- and pro-atherogenic effects have pinpointed its distinct role in specific cell types and contexts in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the gaps in current knowledge regarding the specific role played by chemerin in the etiology of AS require additional future studies. It seems reasonable to suggest that targeted chemerin therapy can be developed as an innovative approach for treating AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xiang Sun
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Bin Cheng
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Stomatology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu-Yao Tang
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhang Liu
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Feng Jiang
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Huang
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.
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Gaikwad AS, Hu J, Chapple DG, O'Bryan MK. The functions of CAP superfamily proteins in mammalian fertility and disease. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26:689-723. [PMID: 32378701 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPS), antigen 5 (Ag5) and pathogenesis-related 1 (Pr-1) (CAP) superfamily of proteins are found across the bacterial, fungal, plant and animal kingdoms. Although many CAP superfamily proteins remain poorly characterized, over the past decade evidence has accumulated, which provides insights into the functional roles of these proteins in various processes, including fertilization, immune defence and subversion, pathogen virulence, venom toxicology and cancer biology. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this article is to summarize the current state of knowledge on CAP superfamily proteins in mammalian fertility, organismal homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. SEARCH METHODS The scientific literature search was undertaken via PubMed database on all articles published prior to November 2019. Search terms were based on following keywords: 'CAP superfamily', 'CRISP', 'Cysteine-rich secretory proteins', 'Antigen 5', 'Pathogenesis-related 1', 'male fertility', 'CAP and CTL domain containing', 'CRISPLD1', 'CRISPLD2', 'bacterial SCP', 'ion channel regulator', 'CatSper', 'PI15', 'PI16', 'CLEC', 'PRY proteins', 'ASP proteins', 'spermatogenesis', 'epididymal maturation', 'capacitation' and 'snake CRISP'. In addition to that, reference lists of primary and review article were reviewed for additional relevant publications. OUTCOMES In this review, we discuss the breadth of knowledge on CAP superfamily proteins with regards to their protein structure, biological functions and emerging significance in reproduction, health and disease. We discuss the evolution of CAP superfamily proteins from their otherwise unembellished prokaryotic predecessors into the multi-domain and neofunctionalized members found in eukaryotic organisms today. At least in part because of the rapid evolution of these proteins, many inconsistencies in nomenclature exist within the literature. As such, and in part through the use of a maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the vertebrate CRISP subfamily, we have attempted to clarify this confusion, thus allowing for a comparison of orthologous protein function between species. This framework also allows the prediction of functional relevance between species based on sequence and structural conservation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS This review generates a picture of critical roles for CAP proteins in ion channel regulation, sterol and lipid binding and protease inhibition, and as ligands involved in the induction of multiple cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash S Gaikwad
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Jinghua Hu
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - David G Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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12
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Ferland DJ, Mullick AE, Watts SW. Chemerin as a Driver of Hypertension: A Consideration. Am J Hypertens 2020; 33:975-986. [PMID: 32453820 PMCID: PMC7759724 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein chemerin (tazarotene-induced gene, TIG2; RARRES2) is a relatively new adipokine. Many studies support that circulating chemerin levels associate strongly and positively with body mass index, visceral fat, and blood pressure. Here, we focus on the specific relationship of chemerin and blood pressure with the goal of understanding whether and how chemerin drives (pathological) changes in blood pressure such that it could be interfered with therapeutically. We dissect the biosynthesis of chemerin and how current antihypertensive medications change chemerin metabolism. This is followed with a review of what is known about where chemerin is synthesized in the body and what chemerin and its receptors can do to the physiological function of organs important to blood pressure determination (e.g., brain, heart, kidneys, blood vessels, adrenal, and sympathetic nervous system). We synthesize from the literature our best understanding of the mechanisms by which chemerin modifies blood pressure, with knowledge that plasma/serum levels of chemerin may be limited in their pathological relevance. This review reveals several gaps in our knowledge of chemerin biology that could be filled by the collective work of protein chemists, biologists, pharmacologists, and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Ferland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Adam E Mullick
- Cardiovascular Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Askin L, Duman H, Ozyıldız A, Tanriverdi O. Association of Serum Chemerin Levels with Coronary Artery Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Research. CARDIOVASCULAR INNOVATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.15212/cvia.2019.0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that chemerin plays an essential role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Autopsy studies found a strong correlation between the secretion of chemerin in peripheral tissues and aortic and coronary atherosclerosis. Plasma chemerin is a marker of
systemic inflammation and is associated with metabolic syndrome. Chemerin plays a vital role in vascular inflammation and atherogenesis. Plasma chemerin levels are increased in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, and chemerin is associated with left ventricular dysfunction. In this review,
we focus on chemerin expression, chemerin processing, its biological function, and its role in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutfu Askin
- Department of Cardiology, Adiyaman Education and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Hakan Duman
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ali Ozyıldız
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Okan Tanriverdi
- Department of Cardiology, Adiyaman Education and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
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Lei Z, Lu Y, Bai X, Jiang Z, Yu Q. Chemerin-9 Peptide Enhances Memory and Ameliorates Aβ 1–42-Induced Object Memory Impairment in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:272-283. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ZeLin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - YaQin Lu
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - ZhenXiu Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Qin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University
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Adipokine Chemerin Stimulates Progression of Atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7157865. [PMID: 31781638 PMCID: PMC6875193 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7157865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Vascular remodeling is the most critical pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Adipokine chemerin was known for its relationship with obesity as well as metabolism. Most recently, chemerin was found to play a crucial role in the pathologic process of cardiovascular diseases including coronary heart disease. In this study, we surveyed the role of chemerin in progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. Objective To investigate the relationship between chemerin and progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice and its mechanism. Methods 8-week-old ApoE-/- mice were fed with high-fat diet to induce the atherosclerosis model. Adenoviruses were transfected for knockdown or overexpression of chemerin gene into aorta. Serums and aortic tissues of ApoE-/- mice were obtained after feeding high-fat diet for 16 weeks. HE staining and oil red staining were performed to evaluate aortic plaque. ELISA was performed to explore serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Real-time PCR and western blotting were carried out to investigate the mRNA and protein levels of chemerin, nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κBp65), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38-MAPK), phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK 1/2). Result Aortic plaque formation was significantly induced by high-fat diet in ApoE-/- mice. Simultaneously, elevated serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β and elevated mRNA and protein levels of chemerin, NF-κBp65, PCNA, p-p38-MAPK, p-JNK, and p-ERK 1/2 were found in ApoE-/- mice. After aortic chemerin gene was inhibited by adenovirus, aortic atherosclerosis induced by high-fat diet was significantly meliorated, serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β decreased, mRNA and protein levels of NF-κBp65, PCNA, p-p38-MAPK, p-JNK, and p-ERK 1/2 decreased simultaneously. Conclusion Our study revealed that chemerin stimulated the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice.
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Abstract
Background It has been documented that circulating chemerin is associated with inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and coronary artery disease. The present study was aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of serum chemerin in patients with chronic heart failure. Methods and Results We included 834 patients with chronic heart failure in a prospective cohort study and investigated the association between serum chemerin and clinical outcomes using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Patients with higher chemerin levels tended to be older and women and were more likely to experience hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipemia. Cox regression analysis showed that chemerin was a significant predictor of major adverse cardiac events (hazard ratio, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.31-2.96) after adjustment for conventional risk factors. Net reclassification and integrated discrimination improvements for major adverse cardiac events were markedly improved by addition of chemerin to the reference model. In addition, chemerin was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.21-2.73) after multivariable adjustment. Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that chemerin was a prognostic indicator of major adverse cardiac events in patients with chronic heart failure and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) levels above and below the median. Conclusions Our study suggests that chemerin is a novel serum marker for predicting major adverse cardiac events in patients with chronic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Yifei Tao
- Department of Cardiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Department of Cardiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Weiting Xu
- Department of Cardiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Zhiyuan Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics Sir Run Run Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
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Shang J, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Ning L, Zhao J, Cheng G, Liu D, Xiao J, Zhao Z. Chemerin/ChemR23 axis promotes inflammation of glomerular endothelial cells in diabetic nephropathy. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3417-3428. [PMID: 30784180 PMCID: PMC6484295 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by inflammation of renal tissue. Glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs) play an important role in inflammation and protein leakage in urine in DN patients. Chemerin and its receptor ChemR23 are inducers of inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of chemerin/ChemR23 in GEnCs of DN patients. Immunohistochemical staining and qRT‐PCR were used to measure the expression of chemerin, ChemR23 and inflammatory factors in renal tissues of DN patients. Db/db mice were used as animal model. ChemR23 of DN mice was knocked down by injecting LV3‐shRNA into tail vein. Inflammation, physiological and pathological changes in each group was measured. GEnCs were cultured as an in vitro model to study potential signalling pathways. Results showed that expression of chemerin, ChemR23 and inflammatory factors increased in DN patients and mice. LV3‐shRNA alleviated renal damage and inflammation in DN mice. GEnCs stimulated by glucose showed increased chemerin, ChemR23 and inflammatory factors and decreased endothelial marker CD31. Both LV3‐shRNA and SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) attenuated chemerin‐induced inflammation and injury in GEnCs. Taken together, chemerin/ChemR23 axis played an important role in endothelial injury and inflammation in DN via the p38 MAPK signalling pathway. Suppression of ChemR23 alleviated DN damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lina Ning
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jifang Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Genyang Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Chemerin in human cardiovascular disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 110:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Brankovic M, Akkerhuis KM, Mouthaan H, Brugts JJ, Manintveld OC, van Ramshorst J, Germans T, Umans V, Boersma E, Kardys I. Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Their Temporal Patterns Predict Poor Outcome in Chronic Heart Failure (Bio-SHiFT Study). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:3954-3964. [PMID: 30113647 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple hormonal and metabolic alterations occur in chronic heart failure (CHF), but their proper monitoring during clinically silent progression of CHF remains challenging. Hence, our objective was to explore whether temporal patterns of six emerging cardiometabolic biomarkers predict future adverse clinical events in stable patients with CHF. METHODS In 263 patients with CHF, we determined the risk of a composite end point of heart failure hospitalization, cardiac death, left ventricular assist device implantation, and heart transplantation in relation to serially assessed blood biomarker levels and slopes (i.e., rate of biomarker change per year). During 2.2 years of follow-up, we repeatedly measured IGF binding proteins 1, 2, and 7 (IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-7), adipose fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP-4), resistin, and chemerin (567 samples in total). RESULTS Serially measured IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-7, and FABP-4 levels predicted the end point [univariable hazard ratio (95% CI) per 1-SD increase: 3.34 (2.43 to 4.87), 2.86 (2.10 to 3.92), 2.45 (1.91 to 3.13), and 2.46 (1.88 to 3.24), respectively]. Independently of the biomarkers' levels, their slopes were also strong clinical predictors [per 0.1-SD increase: 1.20 (1.11 to 1.31), 1.27 (1.14 to 1.45), 1.23 (1.11 to 1.37), and 1.27 (1.12 to 1.48)]. All associations persisted after multivariable adjustment for patient baseline characteristics, baseline N-terminal pro-hormone brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin T, and pharmacological treatment during follow-up. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The temporal patterns of IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-7, and adipose FABP-4 predict adverse clinical outcomes during outpatient follow-up of patients with CHF and may be clinically relevant as they could help detect more aggressive CHF forms and assess patient prognosis, as well as ultimately aid in designing more effective biomarker-guided therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Brankovic
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Jasper J Brugts
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Jan van Ramshorst
- Department of Cardiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd Germans
- Department of Cardiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, Netherlands
| | - Victor Umans
- Department of Cardiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, Netherlands
| | - Eric Boersma
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Isabella Kardys
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Kutlay Ö, Kaygısız Z, Kaygısız B. The Effect of Chemerin on Cardiac Parameters and Gene Expressions in Isolated Perfused Rat Heart. Balkan Med J 2018; 36:43-48. [PMID: 30238923 PMCID: PMC6335941 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.2017.1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemerin is a novel chemoattractant adipokine expressed in cardiovascular system, and its receptor has been detected in the epicardial adipose tissue. Aims: To determine the effects of chemerin on the cardiac parameters and gene expressions in the isolated perfused rat heart. Study Design: Animal experiment. Methods: The hearts were retrogradely perfused with Langendorff technique to measure the cardiac parameters. The experimental groups were acutely treated with 10, 100, and 1000 nM doses of chemerin. Another group was given 10 μM L-nitric oxide synthase inhibitor for 5 min before 1000 nM chemerin administration. The real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for detecting the expression of target genes. Results: All doses of chemerin significantly decreased the left ventricular developed pressure (max 35.33 Δ%, p<0.001), and +dP/dtmax (max 31.3 Δ%, p<0.001), which are the indexes of cardiac contractile force. In addition, 1000 nM chemerin reduced the coronary flow (max 31 Δ%, p<0.001). N(W)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester antagonized the negative inotropic effect of chemerin on contractility. Chemerin induced a 2.16-fold increase in endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA and increased the cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels (p<0.001) but decreased the PI3Kγ gene expression (1.8-fold, p<0.001). Furthermore, all doses of chemerin decreased the CaV1.2 gene expression (1.69-fold, p<0.001). Conclusion: Acute chemerin treatment induces a negative inotropic action with the involvement of nitric oxide pathway, CaV1.2, and PI3Kγ on isolated rat heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özden Kutlay
- Department of Physiology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ziya Kaygısız
- Department of Physiology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Bilgin Kaygısız
- Department of Pharmacology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Watts SW, Darios ES, Mullick AE, Garver H, Saunders TL, Hughes ED, Filipiak WE, Zeidler MG, McMullen N, Sinal CJ, Kumar RK, Ferland DJ, Fink GD. The chemerin knockout rat reveals chemerin dependence in female, but not male, experimental hypertension. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800479. [PMID: 29906243 PMCID: PMC6219827 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Measures of the adipokine chemerin are elevated in multiple cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, but little mechanistic work has been done to implicate chemerin as being causative in such diseases. The chemerin knockout (KO) rat was created to test the hypothesis that removal of chemerin would reduce pressure in the normal and hypertensive state. Western analyses confirmed loss of chemerin in the plasma and tissues of the KO vs. wild-type (WT) rats. Chemerin concentration in plasma and tissues was lower in WT females than in WT males, as determined by Western analysis. Conscious male and female KO rats had modest differences in baseline measures vs. the WT that included systolic, diastolic, mean arterial and pulse pressures, and heart rate, all measured telemetrically. The mineralocorticoid deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and salt water, combined with uninephrectomy as a hypertensive stimulus, elevated mean and systolic blood pressures of the male KO higher than the male WT. By contrast, all pressures in the female KO were lower than their WT throughout DOCA-salt treatment. These results revealed an unexpected sex difference in chemerin expression and the ability of chemerin to modify blood pressure in response to a hypertensive challenge.-Watts, S. W., Darios, E. S., Mullick, A. E., Garver, H., Saunders, T. L., Hughes, E. D., Filipiak, W. E., Zeidler, M. G., McMullen, N., Sinal, C. J., Kumar, R. K., Ferland, D. J., Fink, G. D. The chemerin knockout rat reveals chemerin dependence in female, but not male, experimental hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W. Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Emma S. Darios
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Hannah Garver
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas L. Saunders
- University of Michigan Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Hughes
- University of Michigan Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wanda E. Filipiak
- University of Michigan Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael G. Zeidler
- University of Michigan Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nichole McMullen
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Ramya K. Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - David J. Ferland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Gregory D. Fink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Dookhun MN, Sun Y, Zou H, Cao X, Lu X. Classification of New Biomarkers of Dilated Cardiomyopathy Based on Pathogenesis—An Update. Health (London) 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2018.103024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chen X, Gao C, Gong N, Wang Y, Tian L. The Change of Left Ventricular Function in Rats with Subclinical Hypothyroid and the Effects of Thyroxine Replacement. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:8682765. [PMID: 29686704 PMCID: PMC5857321 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8682765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between serca2a, Ryr2, adipokines, and the left ventricular function in the subclinical hypothyroidism with different TSH levels and to determine the impact of L-T4 treatment on these indexes. METHODS Sixty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group; sHT A, B, and C group; and sHT + T4 group. The sHT rats were induced by methimazole (MMI), and the sHT + T4 rats were administered with L-T4 treatment after 8 weeks of MMI administration. Serum TT4, TSH, APN, chemerin, and TNF-α were detected by radioimmunoassay kits and ELISA kits; left ventricular function was measured by PowerLab system via subclavian artery catheter. The expression of Serca2a, Ryr2, APN, chemerin, and TNF-α were detected by RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The sHT groups had significantly higher TSH, chemerin, and TNF-α and lower Serca2a, Ryr2, and APN. The left ventricular pressure and heart rate in sHT groups were significantly lower in control and sHT + T4 group. Histopathological examination revealed the pathological changes in the sHT rats' heart. L-T4 administration reduced TSH level and improved left ventricular function. CONCLUSIONS TSH can impair left ventricular function by regulating several factors, and L-T4 treatment ameliorates it in sHT rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Cuixia Gao
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ningning Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu University of Chinese Tradition Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Limin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Xiong W, Luo Y, Wu L, Liu F, Liu H, Li J, Liao B, Dong S. Chemerin Stimulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Carotid Neointimal Hyperplasia by Activating Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165305. [PMID: 27792753 PMCID: PMC5085037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular neointimal hyperplasia and remodeling arising from local inflammation are characteristic pathogeneses of proliferative cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and post angioplasty restenosis. The molecular mechanisms behind these pathological processes have not been fully determined. The adipokine chemerin is associated with obesity, metabolism, and control of inflammation. Recently, chemerin has gained increased attention as it was found to play a critical role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of chemerin on the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cells and carotid neointimal formation after angioplasty. We found that circulating chemerin levels increased after carotid balloon injury, and that knockdown of chemerin significantly inhibited the proliferative aspects of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB and pro-inflammatory chemokines in vitro as well as prohibited carotid neointimal hyperplasia and pro-inflammatory chemokines in vivo after angioplasty. Additionally, inhibition of chemerin down-regulated the expression of several proteins, including phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2, nuclear factor-kappa B p65, and proliferation cell nuclear antigen. The novel finding of this study is that chemerin stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and carotid intimal hyperplasia through activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, which may lead to vascular inflammation and remodeling, and is relevant to proliferative cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, NO. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, NO. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, NO. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Huadong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, NO. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, NO. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Bihong Liao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, NO. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Shaohong Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, NO. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
- * E-mail:
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Chua SK, Shyu KG, Lin YF, Lo HM, Wang BW, Chang H, Lien LM. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and the ERK Pathway Drive Chemerin Expression in Response to Hypoxia in Cultured Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165613. [PMID: 27792771 PMCID: PMC5085022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemerin, a novel adipokine, plays a role in the inflammation status of vascular endothelial cells. Hypoxia causes endothelial-cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. This study was aimed at evaluating the protein and mRNA expression of chemerin after exposure of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) to hypoxia. METHODS AND RESULTS Cultured HCAECs underwent hypoxia for different time points. Chemerin protein levels increased after 4 h of hypoxia at 2.5% O2, with a peak of expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) at 1 h. Both hypoxia and exogenously added TNF-alpha during normoxia stimulated chemerin expression, whereas an ERK inhibitor (PD98059), ERK small interfering RNA (siRNA), or an anti-TNF-alpha antibody attenuated the chemerin upregulation induced by hypoxia. A gel shift assay indicated that hypoxia induced an increase in DNA-protein binding between the chemerin promoter and transcription factor SP1. A luciferase assay confirmed an increase in transcriptional activity of SP1 on the chemerin promoter during hypoxia. Hypoxia significantly increased the tube formation and migration of HCAECs, whereas PD98059, the anti-TNF-alpha antibody, and chemerin siRNA each attenuated these effects. CONCLUSION Hypoxia activates chemerin expression in cultured HCAECs. Hypoxia-induced chemerin expression is mediated by TNF-alpha and at least in part by the ERK pathway. Chemerin increases early processes of angiogenesis by HCAECs after hypoxic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kiat Chua
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kou-Gi Shyu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Ming Lo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bao-Wei Wang
- Central Laboratory, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hang Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (L-ML); (CH)
| | - Li-Ming Lien
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (L-ML); (CH)
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Latronico MVG, Condorelli G. Chemerin processing in the myocardium: A mechanism in search of a function. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 100:21-24. [PMID: 27664295 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, MI 20089, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, MI 20089, Italy; Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, MI 20089, Italy; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK.
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Regn M, Laggerbauer B, Jentzsch C, Ramanujam D, Ahles A, Sichler S, Calzada-Wack J, Koenen RR, Braun A, Nieswandt B, Engelhardt S. Peptidase inhibitor 16 is a membrane-tethered regulator of chemerin processing in the myocardium. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 99:57-64. [PMID: 27539859 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A key response of the myocardium to stress is the secretion of factors with paracrine or endocrine function. Intriguing in this respect is peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16), a member of the CAP family of proteins which we found to be highly upregulated in cardiac disease. Up to this point, the mechanism of action and physiological function of PI16 remained elusive. Here, we show that PI16 is predominantly expressed by cardiac fibroblasts, which expose PI16 to the interstitium via a glycophosphatidylinositol (-GPI) membrane anchor. Based on a reported genetic association of PI16 and plasma levels of the chemokine chemerin, we investigated whether PI16 regulates post-translational processing of its precursor pro-chemerin. PI16-deficient mice were engineered and found to generate higher levels of processed chemerin than wildtype mice. Purified recombinant PI16 efficiently inhibited cathepsin K, a chemerin-activating protease, in vitro. Moreover, we show that conditioned medium from PI16-overexpressing cells impaired the activation of pro-chemerin. Together, our data indicate that PI16 suppresses chemerin activation in the myocardium and suggest that this circuit may be part of the cardiac stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Regn
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Laggerbauer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Jentzsch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Deepak Ramanujam
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Ahles
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Sichler
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Calzada-Wack
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rory R Koenen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Attila Braun
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Straße 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany.
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28
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Chemerin in renal dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 77:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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