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Luo RY, Pfaffroth C, Yang S, Hoang K, Yeung PSW, Zehnder JL, Shi RZ. Study of β 1-transferrin and β 2-transferrin using microprobe-capture in-emitter elution and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14974. [PMID: 37696850 PMCID: PMC10495423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak can be diagnosed in clinical laboratories by detecting a diagnostic marker β2-transferrin (β2-Tf) in secretion samples. β2-Tf and the typical transferrin (Tf) proteoform in serum, β1-transferrin (β1-Tf), are Tf glycoforms. An innovative affinity capture technique for sample preparation, called microprobe-capture in-emitter elution (MPIE), was incorporated with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) to study the Tf glycoforms and the primary structures of β1-Tf and β2-Tf. To implement MPIE, an analyte is first captured on the surface of a microprobe, and subsequently eluted from the microprobe inside an electrospray emitter. The capture process is monitored in real-time via next-generation biolayer interferometry (BLI). When electrospray is established from the emitter to a mass spectrometer, the analyte is immediately ionized via electrospray ionization (ESI) for HR-MS analysis. Serum, CSF, and secretion samples were analyzed using MPIE-ESI-MS. Based on the MPIE-ESI-MS results, the primary structures of β1-Tf and β2-Tf were elucidated. As Tf glycoforms, β1-Tf and β2-Tf share the amino acid sequence but contain varying N-glycans: (1) β1-Tf, the major serum-type Tf, has two G2S2 N-glycans on Asn413 and Asn611; and (2) β2-Tf, the major brain-type Tf, has an M5 N-glycan on Asn413 and a G0FB N-glycan on Asn611. The resolving power of the innovative MPIE-ESI-MS method was demonstrated in the study of β2-Tf as well as β1-Tf. Knowing the N-glycan structures on β2-Tf allows for the design of more novel test methods for β2-Tf in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Yiqi Luo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Clinical Laboratories, Stanford Health Care, 3375 Hillview Ave, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - Christopher Pfaffroth
- Clinical Laboratories, Stanford Health Care, 3375 Hillview Ave, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Samuel Yang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Hoang
- Clinical Laboratories, Stanford Health Care, 3375 Hillview Ave, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Priscilla S-W Yeung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Clinical Laboratories, Stanford Health Care, 3375 Hillview Ave, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - James L Zehnder
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Clinical Laboratories, Stanford Health Care, 3375 Hillview Ave, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Run-Zhang Shi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Clinical Laboratories, Stanford Health Care, 3375 Hillview Ave, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
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Årving A, Hilberg T, Sovershaev M, Bogstrand ST, Høiseth G. Falsely low phosphatidylethanol may be associated with biomarkers of haemolytic disease. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 132:223-230. [PMID: 36370095 PMCID: PMC10098851 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Falsely lower or even negative phosphatidylethanol (PEth) levels may theoretically be seen in patients with haemolytic diseases, and the present study aimed to elucidate this hypothesis. METHODS PEth and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) from 9893 serum and whole blood samples were included along with markers of haemolysis (i.e. haptoglobin, HbA1c, reticulocytes, LD and Hb). Cases showing discrepancy between PEth and CDT, that is, a low PEth value and a high CDT value, were considered to be possibly caused by falsely lowered PEth despite high alcohol consumption. These cases (N = 233) were compared to the control group without PEth and CDT mismatch. RESULTS The levels of haptoglobin were significantly lower in the cases showing low PEth and high CDT (estimate = -0.62, p = 0.002). The levels of HbA1c (estimate = -3.26, p = 0.001) and Hb (estimate = -0.507, p < 0.001) were also significantly lower in this group. These findings indicate haemolytic diseases in the low PEth/high CDT group. There were no significant differences for reticulocytes and LD concentrations between the low PEth/high CDT group and the control group. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that falsely low PEth values could be associated with markers of haemolytic diseases, although more research is needed to highlight this further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Årving
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Gudrun Høiseth
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Management of alcohol use disorder in patients with cirrhosis in the setting of liver transplantation. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:45-59. [PMID: 34725498 PMCID: PMC8559139 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been steadily increasing over the past decade. In parallel, alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) has been increasing at an alarming rate, especially among young patients. Data suggest that most patients with ALD do not receive AUD therapy. Although liver transplantation is the only curative therapy for end-stage ALD, transplant candidacy is often a matter of debate given concerns about patients being under-treated for AUD and fears of post-transplantation relapse affecting the allograft. In this Review, we discuss diagnosis, predictors and effects of relapse, behavioural therapies and pharmacotherapies, and we also propose an integrative, multidisciplinary and multimodality approach for treating AUD in patients with cirrhosis, especially in the setting of liver transplantation. Notably, this approach takes into account the utility of AUD pharmacotherapy in patients on immunosuppressive medications and those with renal impairment after liver transplantation. We also propose a comprehensive and objective definition of relapse utilizing contemporary biomarkers to guide future clinical trials. Future research using the proposed approach and definition is warranted with the goal of optimizing AUD treatment in patients with cirrhosis, the transplant selection process and post-transplantation care of patients with AUD.
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Aboutara N, Szewczyk A, Jungen H, Mosebach A, Rodriguez Lago M, Vettorazzi E, Iwersen-Bergmann S, Müller A, Sterneck M. Phosphatidylethanol in patients with liver diseases of different etiologies: Analysis of six homologues and comparison with other alcohol markers. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 524:171-178. [PMID: 34801484 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a direct alcohol biomarker. Aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of six homologues of PEth in comparison to other alcohol markers in patients with liver diseases. METHODS The study included 234 patients with liver disease, who gave statements about alcohol consumption during the three months prior to the doctor's appointment. Ethylglucuronide in urine (uEtG) and in hair (hEtG) and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) were analyzed in addition to PEth. RESULTS Of all patients 47% stated to have drunk alcohol during the past three months. UEtG, hEtG and CDT showed a sensitivity of 29% and a specificity of 92% together for ingestion of at least two standard drinks (24 g) per week. With PEth 16:0/18:1 in addition, sensitivity increased to 59%. For consumption in the last week uEtG's sensitivity and specificity was 28% and 100%, respectively. PEth's was 75% and 93%. When looking at patients who consumed at least two standard drinks per week during the past three months and of which a hair sample could be obtained, hEtG's sensitivity was 37% and specificity 90%. PEth had a sensitivity of 53% and specificity of 100%. Quotients of PEth 16:0/18:1 with 16:0/18:2, 16:0/20:4 and 18:0/18:2 were smaller when alcohol had been consumed more recently. CONCLUSION Despite the rather poor overall sensitivity of alcohol biomarkers in this study, PEth showed best sensitivity for all time periods of alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Aboutara
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 34, 22529 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Anne Szewczyk
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 34, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hilke Jungen
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 34, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amadea Mosebach
- Department of Medicine (Med Klinik I), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Rodriguez Lago
- Department of Medicine (Med Klinik I), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eik Vettorazzi
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg - Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Iwersen-Bergmann
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 34, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Müller
- Department of Legal Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 34, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Sterneck
- Department of Medicine (Med Klinik I), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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Høiseth G, Hilberg T, Trydal T, Husa A, Vindenes V, Bogstrand ST. The alcohol marker phosphatidylethanol is closely related to AST, GGT, ferritin and HDL-C. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 130:182-190. [PMID: 34591374 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative relation between common clinical chemical analyses and ethanol use, measured by a combination of the two alcohol markers phosphatidylethanol (PEth) and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT). METHODS Results of PEth and CDT in whole blood and serum, respectively, were included, together with information on 10 different commonly measured clinical chemical analytes, as well as age and sex. PEth was analysed by UPC2 -MS/MS and CDT was measured by capillary electrophoresis. RESULTS Samples from 4873 patients were included. The strongest relation to alcohol consumption as measured by PEth, when correcting for age and sex, was found for HDL-C (standardized β = 0.472, p < 0.001), AST (standardized β = 0.372, p < 0.001), ferritin (standardized β = 0.332, p < 0.001) and GGT (standardized β = 0.325, p < 0.001). The relation to PEth was weak for total cholesterol, TG and ALP. No relation was found for Hb and LDL-C. CONCLUSIONS When using PEth as a marker for alcohol consumption, this study demonstrated the quantitative relation to commonly used test as AST or GGT, but also an important relation to ferritin or HDL-C. In clinical practice, elevated levels of these clinical chemical analytes should initiate further work-up on possibly harmful alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Høiseth
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Vigdis Vindenes
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Tore Bogstrand
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Liu SY, Tsai IT, Hsu YC. Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5170. [PMID: 34068269 PMCID: PMC8153142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) refers to the liver damage occurring due to excessive alcohol consumption and involves a broad spectrum of diseases that includes liver steatosis, steatohepatitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The progression of ALD is mainly associated with the amount and duration of alcohol usage; however, it is also influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The definite diagnosis of ALD is based on a liver biopsy, although several non-invasive diagnostic tools and serum biomarkers have emerging roles in the early detection of ALD. While alcohol abstinence and nutritional support remain the cornerstone of ALD treatment, growing evidence has revealed that the therapeutic agents that target oxidative stress or gut-liver axis, inflammatory response inhibition, and liver regeneration enhancement also play a role in ALD management. Furthermore, microRNAs modulation and mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy have emerging potential as ALD therapeutic options. This review summarizes the updated understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and novel therapeutic approaches for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yi Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (I.-T.T.)
| | - I-Ting Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (I.-T.T.)
- School of Medicine for International Student, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chou Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (I.-T.T.)
- School of Medicine for International Student, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
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Salivary Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin in Alcohol- and Nicotine-Dependent Males. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9124054. [PMID: 33334005 PMCID: PMC7765464 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9124054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), an 80 kDa glycoprotein, is one of the most commonly employed biomarkers to detect alcohol dependence. Some salivary glycoproteins such as α-amylase, clusterin, haptoglobin, light/heavy-chain immunoglobulin, and transferrin, which alter glycosylation in alcohol-dependent persons, have been suggested to be potential alcohol markers. However, their identification is based on indirect analysis of lectin glycosidic bonds and molecular weight. We investigated the CDT content in the saliva of alcohol- and nicotine-dependent men. The CDT concentration (ng/mL, ng/mg protein) was determined by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) commercial kit in 55 men: 20 healthy social drinkers (C), 10 chronic cigarette smokers (S), 10 alcohol-dependent non-smokers (A), and 15 alcohol-dependent smokers (AS). Surprisingly, there were no differences in the concentrations of CDT between the studied groups. Salivary pH was the lowest in the AS and the highest in the A group. Therefore, salivary CDT cannot be used as an alcohol dependence marker as measured by ELISA. We suggest that direct identification of glycoproteins is necessary to search for potential salivary alcohol biomarkers. Molecules smaller than 40 kDa, which easily translocate from blood to the saliva, might be preferred as salivary alcohol markers.
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Rautenbach PH, Nienaber-Rousseau C, Pieters M. The association of alcohol with circulating total fibrinogen and plasma clot density is mediated by fibrinogen and FXIII genotypes. Thromb J 2020; 18:35. [PMID: 33292263 PMCID: PMC7706066 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-020-00249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol consumption is associated with haemostasis and so may influence cardiovascular conditions. It is unknown whether the association of alcohol with total and γ’ fibrinogen concentrations, as well as clot structure, are modulated by fibrinogen and factor (F) XIII single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Methods Total fibrinogen, γ’ fibrinogen and clot properties of 2010 healthy Africans residing in South Africa were measured in relation to alcohol intake as well as its markers – gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), percentage carbohydrate deficient transferrin (%CDT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Fourteen fibrinogen and two SNPs in the FXIII gene were genotyped to determine their influence. Results Alcohol intake and its markers correlated negatively with fibrinogen and clot lysis time (CLT) as well as with most of the clot properties. Percentage γ’ fibrinogen correlated positively with AST and negatively with alcohol intake. We then stratified for alcohol intake and found inverse associations between γ’ fibrinogen and both %CDT and GGT–CDT in consumers, but the positive association with AST remained only in abstainers. Alcohol intake and its markers modulated the influence of fibrinogen SNPs on total fibrinogen concentrations and the fibrinogen SNPs as well as an FXIII SNP on clot density (all p < 0.004). Conclusion/s We show for the first time that some individuals harbour certain genotypes that, in combination with alcohol consumption, might predispose or protect them from haemostatic factors that might lead to the development of cardiovascular disease. Studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms related to the interplay between alcohol and the gene variants observed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petro Hannie Rautenbach
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Private bag x6001, Nutrition, Box 594, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Private bag x6001, Nutrition, Box 594, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa. .,Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Marlien Pieters
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Private bag x6001, Nutrition, Box 594, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.,Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Årving A, Høiseth G, Hilberg T, Trydal T, Husa A, Djordjevic A, Kabashi S, Vindenes V, Bogstrand ST. Comparison of the Diagnostic Value of Phosphatidylethanol and Carbohydrate‐Deficient Transferrin as Biomarkers of Alcohol Consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 45:153-162. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Årving
- From the Department of Forensic Sciences (AÅ, GH, SK, VV, STB) Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Gudrun Høiseth
- From the Department of Forensic Sciences (AÅ, GH, SK, VV, STB) Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine (GH, SK, VV) Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Thor Hilberg
- Fürst Medisinsk Laboratorium (TH, TT, AH, AD) Oslo Norway
| | - Torleif Trydal
- Fürst Medisinsk Laboratorium (TH, TT, AH, AD) Oslo Norway
| | - Asgeir Husa
- Fürst Medisinsk Laboratorium (TH, TT, AH, AD) Oslo Norway
| | | | - Saranda Kabashi
- From the Department of Forensic Sciences (AÅ, GH, SK, VV, STB) Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine (GH, SK, VV) Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Vigdis Vindenes
- From the Department of Forensic Sciences (AÅ, GH, SK, VV, STB) Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine (GH, SK, VV) Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Stig Tore Bogstrand
- From the Department of Forensic Sciences (AÅ, GH, SK, VV, STB) Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
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11
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de Haan N, Wuhrer M, Ruhaak L. Mass spectrometry in clinical glycomics: The path from biomarker identification to clinical implementation. CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY (DEL MAR, CALIF.) 2020; 18:1-12. [PMID: 34820521 PMCID: PMC8600986 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, the genome and proteome have been widely explored for biomarker discovery and personalized medicine. However, there is still a large need for improved diagnostics and stratification strategies for a wide range of diseases. Post-translational modification of proteins by glycosylation affects protein structure and function, and glycosylation has been implicated in many prevalent human diseases. Numerous proteins for which the plasma levels are nowadays evaluated in clinical practice are glycoproteins. While the glycosylation of these proteins often changes with disease, their glycosylation status is largely ignored in the clinical setting. Hence, the implementation of glycomic markers in the clinic is still in its infancy. This is for a large part caused by the high complexity of protein glycosylation itself and of the analytical techniques required for their robust quantification. Mass spectrometry-based workflows are particularly suitable for the quantification of glycans and glycoproteins, but still require advances for their transformation from a biomedical research setting to a clinical laboratory. In this review, we describe why and how glycomics is expected to find its role in clinical tests and the status of current mass spectrometry-based methods for clinical glycomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L.R. Ruhaak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Neumann J, Beck O, Helander A, Böttcher M. Performance of PEth Compared With Other Alcohol Biomarkers in Subjects Presenting For Occupational and Pre-Employment Medical Examination. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 55:401-408. [PMID: 32363383 PMCID: PMC7338721 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To compare the performance of short- and long-term alcohol biomarkers for the evaluation of alcohol drinking in employment-related health controls. Methods The 519 blood samples originated from 509 patients (80% men) presenting at occupational health units and medical centers at employment agencies for the evaluation of risky drinking. The laboratory investigation comprised the measurement of phosphatidylethanol (PEth 16:0/18:1), carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT; % disialotransferrin), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), ethanol and ethyl glucuronide (EtG). Results Many samples tested positive for acute (57%) and chronic (69%) alcohol biomarkers. PEth was the single most positive biomarker (64%; cut-off 0.05 μmol/l or 35 μg/l) and the only positive chronic biomarker in 100 cases. The highest PEth concentrations were seen in samples positive for all chronic biomarkers, followed by those also being CDT positive (cut-off 2.0%). All 126 CDT-positive samples were positive for PEth using the lower reporting limit (≥0.05 μmol/l) and for 114 cases (90%) also using the higher limit (≥0.30 μmol/l or 210 μg/l). In the CDT-positive cases, the PEth median concentration was 1.71 μmol/l, compared with 0.45 μmol/l for the CDT-negative cases (P < 0.0001). PEth and CDT values were correlated significantly (r = 0.63, P < 0.0001). Among the EtG-positive cases (≥1.0 ng/ml), 95% were also PEth positive, and all ethanol-positive cases (≥0.10 g/l) were also PEth positive. Conclusions For optimal detection of drinking habits, using a combination of short- and long-term alcohol biomarkers provided best information. PEth was the single most positive alcohol biomarker, whereas GGT and MCV offered little additional value over PEth and CDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Neumann
- MVZ Labor Dessau GmbH, Bauhüttenstrasse 6, D-06847 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Olof Beck
- MVZ Labor Dessau GmbH, Bauhüttenstrasse 6, D-06847 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, CPF, Norra Stationsgatan 69, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Anders Helander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, C1:74, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden
| | - Michael Böttcher
- MVZ Labor Dessau GmbH, Bauhüttenstrasse 6, D-06847 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
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Yoo G, Kim J, Yoon KJ, Lee JH. The characteristics of transferrin variants by carbohydrate-deficient transferrin tests using capillary zone electrophoresis. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22451. [DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gilsung Yoo
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine; Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine; Wonju Korea
| | - Juwon Kim
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine; Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine; Wonju Korea
| | - Kap Joon Yoon
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine; Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine; Wonju Korea
| | - Jong-Han Lee
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine; Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine; Wonju Korea
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14
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EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of alcohol-related liver disease. J Hepatol 2018; 69:154-181. [PMID: 29628280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Boltshauser E, Weber KP. Laboratory investigations. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 154:287-298. [PMID: 29903445 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63956-1.00017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This chapter deals with chemical and hematologic investigations which are often considered in the diagnostic workup of subacute to chronic cerebellar ataxias. Relevant investigations in blood (serum, plasma), urine, and cerebrospinal fluid are discussed. Particular attention is paid to early diagnosis of treatable metabolic ataxias (such as abetalipoproteinemia, coenzyme Q10 deficiency, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, glucose transporter type 1 deficiency, Refsum disease, and vitamin E deficiency), but autoimmune ataxias, other vitamin deficiencies, and endocrine disorders should also be kept in mind. Adequate interpretation of test results has to consider age-specific reference values. The selection of investigations should mainly be driven by the overall clinical context, considering gender, history, age, and mode of presentation, cerebellar and other neurologic as well as extraneurologic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Konrad P Weber
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Terbium chelation, a specific fluorescent tagging of human transferrin. Optimization of conditions in view of its application to the HPLC analysis of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT). Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6605-6612. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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