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Brodaczewska K, Majewska A, Filipiak-Duliban A, Kieda C. Pten knockout affects drug resistance differently in melanoma and kidney cancer. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1187-1199. [PMID: 37673853 PMCID: PMC10539195 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PTEN is a tumor suppressor that is often mutated and nonfunctional in many types of cancer. The high heterogeneity of PTEN function between tumor types makes new Pten knockout models necessary to assess its impact on cancer progression and/or treatment outcomes. METHODS We aimed to show the effect of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Pten knockout on murine melanoma (B16 F10) and kidney cancer (Renca) cells. We evaluated the effect of PTEN deregulation on tumor progression in vivo and in vitro, as well as on the effectiveness of drug treatment in vitro. In addition, we studied the molecular changes induced by Pten knockout. RESULTS In both models, Pten mutation did not cause significant changes in cell proliferation in vitro or in vivo. Cells with Pten knockout differed in sensitivity to cisplatin treatment: in B16 F10 cells, the lack of PTEN induced sensitivity and, in Renca cells, resistance to drug treatment. Accumulation of pAKT was observed in both cell lines, but only Renca cells showed upregulation of the p53 level after Pten knockout. PTEN deregulation also varied in the way that it altered PAI-1 secretion in the tested models, showing a decrease in PAI-1 in B16 F10 Pten/KO and an increase in Renca Pten/KO cells. In kidney cancer cells, Pten knockout caused changes in epithelial to mesenchymal transition marker expression, with downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of Snail, Mmp9, and Acta2 (α-SMA). CONCLUSIONS The results confirmed heterogenous cell responses to PTEN loss, which may lead to a better understanding of the role of PTEN in particular types of tumors and points to PTEN as a therapeutic target for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Brodaczewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 01-141, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Majewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 01-141, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine (Medical University of Warsaw), Żwirki I Wigury 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Filipiak-Duliban
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 01-141, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine (Medical University of Warsaw), Żwirki I Wigury 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 01-141, Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Molecular Biophysics UPR 4301, CNRS, 45071, Orleans, France
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2
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Han X, Yan T, Wang L, He B, Yu H. Knockdown of PTEN promotes colon cancer progression and induces M2 macrophage polarization in the colon cancer cell environment. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2023; 66:478-487. [PMID: 37530327 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_786_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This article aims to study the effect of phosphate and tension homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) knockdown on colon cancer progression and macrophage polarization in the cancer environment. Materials and Methods and Results The expression of PTEN in colon cancer tissues and colon cancer cells was significantly lower than in precancerous tissues or CCD-18Co cells, and the decrease was most evident in SW620 cells. The expressions of phosphate (p)-p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), activator protein 1 (AP-1), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein in colon cancer tissues and cells were significantly higher than in precancerous tissues or CCD-18Co cells (P-values < 0.05). Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and Caspase-3 expressions in colon cancer tissues and cells were significantly lower than in precancerous tissues or CCD-18Co cells (P-values < 0.05). 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was applied to measure cell viability. Transwell evaluated the cell migration and invasion ability. Si-PTEN improved the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SW620 cells (P-values < 0.05). The expression levels of arginase-1 (Arg-1), CD163, CD206 in colon cancer tissues were significantly higher than in precancerous tissues (P-values < 0.05). The cell cycle, the number of M1 and M2 double-positive cells were assessed by flow cytometry. Si-PTEN reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which upregulated the expression of Arg-1, CD206, CD163, p-p38, JNK, and AP-1 (P-values < 0.05). Conclusion Si-PTEN promoted colon cancer progression and induced the polarization of M2 tumor-associated macrophages in the colon cancer cell environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- General Surgery Department, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ting Yan
- General Surgery Department, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of General Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Bin He
- General Surgery Department, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Huaxu Yu
- General Surgery Department, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
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3
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Badoiu SC, Greabu M, Miricescu D, Stanescu-Spinu II, Ilinca R, Balan DG, Balcangiu-Stroescu AE, Mihai DA, Vacaroiu IA, Stefani C, Jinga V. PI3K/AKT/mTOR Dysregulation and Reprogramming Metabolic Pathways in Renal Cancer: Crosstalk with the VHL/HIF Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8391. [PMID: 37176098 PMCID: PMC10179314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 85-95% of kidney cancers and is the most frequent type of renal cancer in adult patients. It accounts for 3% of all cancer cases and is in 7th place among the most frequent histological types of cancer. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), accounts for 75% of RCCs and has the most kidney cancer-related deaths. One-third of the patients with ccRCC develop metastases. Renal cancer presents cellular alterations in sugars, lipids, amino acids, and nucleic acid metabolism. RCC is characterized by several metabolic dysregulations including oxygen sensing (VHL/HIF pathway), glucose transporters (GLUT 1 and GLUT 4) energy sensing, and energy nutrient sensing cascade. Metabolic reprogramming represents an important characteristic of the cancer cells to survive in nutrient and oxygen-deprived environments, to proliferate and metastasize in different body sites. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of the rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway is usually dysregulated in various cancer types including renal cancer. This molecular pathway is frequently correlated with tumor growth and survival. The main aim of this review is to present renal cancer types, dysregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway members, crosstalk with VHL/HIF axis, and carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acid alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviu Constantin Badoiu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria Greabu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniela Miricescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Radu Ilinca
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniela Gabriela Balan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.G.B.); (A.-E.B.-S.)
| | - Andra-Elena Balcangiu-Stroescu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (D.G.B.); (A.-E.B.-S.)
| | - Doina-Andrada Mihai
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ileana Adela Vacaroiu
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Constantin Stefani
- Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Base, Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 134 Calea Plevnei, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Viorel Jinga
- Department of Urology, “Prof. Dr. Theodor Burghele” Hospital, 050653 Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Theodor Burghele” Clinical Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Medical Sciences Section, Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050085 Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Sarfaraz N, Somarowthu S, Bouchard MJ. The interplay of long noncoding RNAs and hepatitis B virus. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28058. [PMID: 35946066 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infections remain a major global health burden with an estimated 296 million people living with a chronic infection and 884,000 HBV-related deaths annually. Notably, patients with a chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection are at a 30-fold greater risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer, which is the 3rd deadliest cancer worldwide. Several groups have assessed HBV-related aberrant expression of host-cell long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and how altered expression of specific lncRNAs affects HBV replication and progression to associated disease states. Given the challenges in establishing effective HBV models and analyzing transcriptomic data, this review focuses on lncRNA expression data primarily collected from clinical patient samples and primary human hepatocytes, with the subsequent mechanism of action analysis in cell lines or other model systems. Ultimately, understanding HBV-induced lncRNA-expression dysregulation could lead to new treatments and biomarkers for HBV infection and its associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Sarfaraz
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Srinivas Somarowthu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael J Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Xie D, Xu P, Yuan C. miR-21 Regulates the Growth of Gastric Cancer Cells Through Targeting Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN). J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the leading cause of death worldwide and the prognosis remains poor. Proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). We herein intended to explore the interaction of miR-21 and PTEN in GC. miR-21 inhibitor or negative control was
transfected into GC cells MGC-803 followed by analysis of miR-21 and PTEN level by RT-qPCR, PTEN protein level by western blot and cell growth by MTT and Hoechest-33342 staining. Treatment with miR-21 inhibitor reduced miR-21 expression and increased PTEN protein expression. miR-21 was negatively
associated with PTEN level. Moreover, downregulation of miR-21 decreased cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. In conclusion, miR-21 stimulates the malignant phenotypes of GC cells by negatively regulating PTEN expression, providing novel insight into the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Xie
- Department of Abdominal Tumor Surgery, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Bone Disease and Bone Tumor, Emergency Surgery, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China
| | - Chen Yuan
- Qingdao Central Hospital Health Management Center, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China
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Acharya N, Singh KP. Recent advances in the molecular basis of chemotherapy resistance and potential application of epigenetic therapeutics in chemorefractory renal cell carcinoma. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1575. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Acharya
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH) Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
| | - Kamaleshwar P. Singh
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH) Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
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7
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Hou S, Hasnat M, Chen Z, Liu Y, Faran Ashraf Baig MM, Liu F, Chen Z. Application Perspectives of Nanomedicine in Cancer Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:909526. [PMID: 35860027 PMCID: PMC9291274 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.909526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease that seriously threatens human health. Based on the improvement of traditional treatment methods and the development of new treatment modes, the pattern of cancer treatment is constantly being optimized. Nanomedicine plays an important role in these evolving tumor treatment modalities. In this article, we outline the applications of nanomedicine in three important tumor-related fields: chemotherapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. According to the current common problems, such as poor targeting of first-line chemotherapy drugs, easy destruction of nucleic acid drugs, and common immune-related adverse events in immunotherapy, we discuss how nanomedicine can be combined with these treatment modalities, provide typical examples, and summarize the advantages brought by the application of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Muhammad Hasnat
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Yinong Liu
- Hospital Laboratory of Nangjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Nangjing, China
| | - Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Novel Bio-functional, and Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fuhe Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Zelong Chen, ; Fuhe Liu,
| | - Zelong Chen
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things Wise Medical, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zelong Chen, ; Fuhe Liu,
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8
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Zhou X, Liu G, Xu M, Ying X, Li B, Cao F, Cheng S, Xiao B, Cheng M, Liang L, Jia M, Li W, Liu J, Li Z. Comprehensive analysis of PTEN-related ceRNA network revealing the key pathways WDFY3-AS2 - miR-21-5p/miR-221-3p/miR-222-3p - TIMP3 as potential biomarker in tumorigenesis and prognosis of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:508-523. [PMID: 35129856 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is one of the most common malignancies, and there is still a lack of effective biomarkers for early detection and prognostic prediction. In here, we compared the characteristics of RNA sequencing data sets of KIRC samples based on the tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). The 1016 long noncoding RNAs, 48 microRNAs (miRNAs), and 2104 messenger RNAs associated with PTEN were identified and these genes were differentially expressed between tumor and paracancerous tissues. The most relevant pathway was found to be WDFY3-AS2 - miR-21-5p/miR-221-3p/miR-222-3p - TIMP3 according to the rules of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulation. WDFY3-AS2 and TIMP3 expression were positively correlated and reduced in KIRC samples, while miR-21-5p, miR-221-3p, and miR-222-3p were relatively highly expressed. The relatively low expression of WDFY3-AS2 and TIMP3 in KIRC were associated with poor prognosis in KIRC patients, while higher expression of miR-21-5p, miR-221-3p, and miR-222-3p predicted reduced survival (p < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that lower expression of WDFY3-AS2 and TIMP3 was significantly related to tumor grade, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM stage. The expression of TIMP3 in KIRC tissues was also verified by immunohistochemistry, and the results were consistent with our analytical data. In summary, this study constructed a new model with clinical predictive value and identified the WDFY3-AS2/TIMP3 pathway that was closely associated with the prognosis of KIRC, which could serve as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xishan Zhou
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, China
| | - Guofeng Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, China
| | - Mo Xu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, China
| | - Xintao Ying
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, China
| | - Bianfeng Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, China
| | - Fengxi Cao
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, China
| | - Shuqiang Cheng
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, China
| | - Beibei Xiao
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, China
| | - Miao Cheng
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, China
| | - Liang Liang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, China
| | - Mingxi Jia
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Jiheng Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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LncRNAs in the Regulation of Genes and Signaling Pathways through miRNA-Mediated and Other Mechanisms in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011193. [PMID: 34681854 PMCID: PMC8539140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental novelty in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was discovered as a result of the recent identification of the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Here, we discuss several mechanisms for the dysregulation of the expression of protein-coding genes initiated by lncRNAs in the most common and aggressive type of kidney cancer-clear cell RCC (ccRCC). A model of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) is considered, in which lncRNA acts on genes through the lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA axis. For the most studied oncogenic lncRNAs, such as HOTAIR, MALAT1, and TUG1, several regulatory axes were identified in ccRCC, demonstrating a number of sites for various miRNAs. Interestingly, the LINC00973/miR-7109/Siglec-15 axis represents a novel agent that can suppress the immune response in patients with ccRCC, serving as a valuable target in addition to the PD1/PD-L1 pathway. Other mechanisms of action of lncRNAs in ccRCC, involving direct binding with proteins, mRNAs, and genes/DNA, are also considered. Our review briefly highlights methods by which various mechanisms of action of lncRNAs were verified. We pay special attention to protein targets and signaling pathways with which lncRNAs are associated in ccRCC. Thus, these new data on the different mechanisms of lncRNA functioning provide a novel basis for understanding the pathogenesis of ccRCC and the identification of new prognostic markers and targets for therapy.
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10
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Sharma R, Kadife E, Myers M, Kannourakis G, Prithviraj P, Ahmed N. Determinants of resistance to VEGF-TKI and immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:186. [PMID: 34099013 PMCID: PMC8183071 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGF-TKIs) have been the mainstay of treatment for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Despite its early promising results in decreasing or delaying the progression of RCC in patients, VEGF-TKIs have provided modest benefits in terms of disease-free progression, as 70% of the patients who initially respond to the treatment later develop drug resistance, with 30% of the patients innately resistant to VEGF-TKIs. In the past decade, several molecular and genetic mechanisms of VEGF-TKI resistance have been reported. One of the mechanisms of VEGF-TKIs is inhibition of the classical angiogenesis pathway. However, recent studies have shown the restoration of an alternative angiogenesis pathway in modulating resistance. Further, in the last 5 years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized RCC treatment. Although some patients exhibit potent responses, a non-negligible number of patients are innately resistant or develop resistance within a few months to ICI therapy. Hence, an understanding of the mechanisms of VEGF-TKI and ICI resistance will help in formulating useful knowledge about developing effective treatment strategies for patients with advanced RCC. In this article, we review recent findings on the emerging understanding of RCC pathology, VEGF-TKI and ICI resistance mechanisms, and potential avenues to overcome these resistance mechanisms through rationally designed combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revati Sharma
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
| | - Elif Kadife
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
| | - Mark Myers
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia
| | | | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia.
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia.
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
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11
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Gui Y, Liu X, Wang C, Yang P. Overexpressing PTTG family genes predict poor prognosis in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:111. [PMID: 33845847 PMCID: PMC8042860 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pituitary tumor transforming genes (PTTG1, PTTG2, and PTTG3P) play key roles in the pathogenesis and development of human cancers. The studies show that overexpression of the PTTG genes is associated with tumor progression and migration. However, the function of the PTTG genes in the prognostic value of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma is rarely known by people. Methods The expression of PTTG family genes was analyzed by the ONCOMINE, Human Protein Atlas, GEPIA2, and UALCAN database. The relationship between PTTG family genes expression level and clinical indicators including prognostic data in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma was analyzed by GEPIA2, TCGA portal, and UALCAN. cBioPortal database was used to analyze the genetic mutations of differentially expressed PTTG family members. Similar genes of the PTTG family (90 in total) obtained from GEPIA2 and Metascape were used for GO enrichment to explore the interaction among similar genes. The online tools of Metascape and STRING were used for functional and pathway enrichment analysis. Results PTTG1, 2, and 3P mRNA and protein expression upregulated in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma kidney renal clear cell carcinoma patients compared with normal tissues. And higher expression level of PTTG family genes was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Furthermore, overexpression of the PTTG family genes had been found correlated with individual cancer stages and pathological tumor grades. In addition, 18% of mutations in the PTTG family genes were associated with short-term survival in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma patients. Conclusions A single PTTG gene or PTTG family genes as a whole may be a potential prognostic biomarker for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Gui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xueni Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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12
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Xu B, Li F, Wang Y, Li M, Du R, Zhou Y, Salgia M, Yang L, Jones JO. Circulating tumor DNA analysis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 14:16. [PMID: 33312563 PMCID: PMC7726308 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic landscape of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is not well understood, and currently available data suggest that it is functionally distinct from that of localized tumors. Additionally, the large number of approved and trial agents used to treat metastatic RCC likely cause selective adaptations in the tumors. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a platform to non-invasively determine the genomic profiles of these tumors. The objectives of the present study were to corroborate previous ctDNA studies in metastatic RCC, to identify novel mutations in metastatic RCC, and to compare ctDNA profiles obtained from plasma and urine in patients with metastatic RCC. ctDNA sequencing using the plasma and urine of 50 patients with metastatic RCC who received ctDNA profiling as part of routine clinical care at a single institution was performed using an investigational 120-gene panel. Genomic alterations (GAs) were identified in all 50 patients. The genes with the most GAs were GNAS, PTEN, MYC, MET and HNF1A and novel mutations in additional genes were identified. A significant correlation between the number of GAs detected in matched urine and plasma samples was also identified, but only 28.1% of GAs detected in plasma samples were also detected in matched urine samples. The results of the present study were consistent with those of the largest previous study of ctDNA from patients with metastatic RCC and may help identify additional potential targets for the treatment of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Zhang
- Beijing USCI Medical Laboratory, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yunchao Liu
- Beijing USCI Medical Laboratory, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Bing Xu
- Beijing USCI Medical Laboratory, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Fuwei Li
- Beijing USCI Medical Laboratory, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing USCI Medical Laboratory, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Mengjian Li
- Beijing USCI Medical Laboratory, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Rong Du
- Beijing USCI Medical Laboratory, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Beijing USCI Medical Laboratory, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Meghan Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lixin Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jeremy O Jones
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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13
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Regulation of Glycolysis by Non-coding RNAs in Cancer: Switching on the Warburg Effect. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 19:218-239. [PMID: 33251334 PMCID: PMC7666327 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The “Warburg effect” describes the reprogramming of glucose metabolism away from oxidative phosphorylation toward aerobic glycolysis, and it is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Several factors can be involved in this process, but in this review, the roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are highlighted in several types of human cancer. ncRNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, can all affect metabolic enzymes and transcription factors to promote glycolysis and modulate glucose metabolism to enhance the progression of tumors. In particular, the 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways are associated with alterations in ncRNAs. A better understanding of the roles of ncRNAs in the Warburg effect could ultimately lead to new therapeutic approaches for suppressing cancer.
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14
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Expression and clinical correlation of Survivin and PTEN in gastric cancer patients. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:297. [PMID: 33101491 PMCID: PMC7576991 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports on the correlation between the expression of Survivin/phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) proteins and clinical factors in gastric cancer (GC) are varied, and the sample sizes were also not sufficient. The present study aimed to detect the expression of Survivin and PTEN proteins in GC patients on the basis of a greater number of specimens and to analyze the correlation with clinical features and survival. The results revealed that the Survivin expression rates in GC, normal tissues and metastatic lymph nodes were 72% (232/322), 5% (6/120) and 80% (36/45), respectively, while the PTEN expression rates were 34% (109/322), 92.5% (111/120) and 24.4% (11/45), respectively, and the differences between cancer and normal tissue or metastatic lymph nodes were significant for both proteins (P<0.05). The expression of Survivin was significantly associated with gross type, depth of invasion, distant metastasis, tumor, necrosis and metastasis (TNM) stage and vascular invasion, while PTEN expression was predominantly associated with age, tumor size, invasion depth, TNM stage and lymphatic invasion in GC patients (P<0.05). The expression of both was associated with postoperative metastasis and metastatic site (P=0.007 and P=0.011 for Survivin, and P=0.002 and P=0.005 for PTEN). There was a negative association between the expression levels of Survivin and PTEN (P=0.001, r=−0.524). The expression levels of both were also associated with prognosis. The expression of Survivin and PTEN protein exhibit opposing trends in GC, which may indicate adverse biological effects in the occurrence of GC. The Survivin and PTEN expression levels are likely to be an important molecular event in gastric tumorigenesis and may be considered as molecular markers of GC progression and reliable prognostic indicators of GC.
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15
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Molecular Protein and Expression Profile in the Primary Tumors of Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma and Metastases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071680. [PMID: 32668608 PMCID: PMC7408457 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis involves the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor to surrounding tissues and distant organs and is the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was the determination of change in molecular factors expression in primary kidney cancers (ccRCC) and metastatic sites. In total, 62 patients with RCC were enrolled in the study. The mRNA levels of molecular markers were studied by real-time PCR, and the content of the studied parameters was determined by Western blotting and ELISA. The features in the intracellular signal metabolites in the series of normal renal parenchyma, tumor tissue of localized, disseminated kidney cancer and metastatic tissue were studied. A decrease in some indicators in the tissue of the metastatic lesion was noted. Protein products of transcription factors HIF-1, CAIX, PTEN and activated AKT kinase, as well as expression of the VEGFR2 receptor and m-TOR protein kinase were revealed to be reduced in the metastatic sites. In addition, some indicators increased in metastasis: the protein levels of NF-κB p 50, NF-κB p 65, HIF-2, VEGF, VEGFR2, m-TOR and mRNA of HIF-1, CAIX, PTEN and PDK. There were indicators with multidirectional changes. HIF-1, CAIX, PTEN, VEGFR2 and m-TOR mRNA: VEGFR2, m-TOR, HIF-1, CAIX, PTEN and PDK had an opposite change in protein content and mRNA level. PTEN loss resulted in the downstream activation of AKT/mTOR signaling in secondary cancer lesions and determined the overall ccRCC patient's survival. The AKT/mTOR signaling cascade activation was found in the primary kidney tumors. The PTEN content and mRNA level were correlated with total AKT, GSK-3β, the 70S 6 kinases and AKT expression.
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16
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Regulating tumor suppressor genes: post-translational modifications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:90. [PMID: 32532965 PMCID: PMC7293209 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor genes cooperate with each other in tumors. Three important tumor suppressor proteins, retinoblastoma (Rb), p53, phosphatase, and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) are functionally associated and they regulated by post-translational modification (PTMs) as well. PTMs include phosphorylation, SUMOylation, acetylation, and other novel modifications becoming growing appreciated. Because most of PTMs are reversible, normal cells use them as a switch to control the state of cells being the resting or proliferating, and PTMs also involve in cell survival and cell cycle, which may lead to abnormal proliferation and tumorigenesis. Although a lot of studies focus on the importance of each kind of PTM, further discoveries shows that tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) form a complex “network” by the interaction of modification. Recently, there are several promising strategies for TSGs for they change more frequently than carcinogenic genes in cancers. We here review the necessity, characteristics, and mechanisms of each kind of post-translational modification on Rb, p53, PTEN, and its influence on the precise and selective function. We also discuss the current antitumoral therapies of Rb, p53 and PTEN as predictive, prognostic, and therapeutic target in cancer.
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17
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Fan D, Liu Q, Wu F, Liu N, Qu H, Yuan Y, Li Y, Gao H, Ge J, Xu Y, Wang H, Liu Q, Zhao Z. Prognostic significance of PI3K/AKT/ mTOR signaling pathway members in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9261. [PMID: 32547875 PMCID: PMC7271881 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a fatal disease, in which the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway serves an important role in the tumorigenesis. Previous studies have reported the prognostic significance of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway members in RCC; however, there is insufficient evidence to date to confirm this. Thus, the present study aimed to systematically investigate the prognostic roles of multiple PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling proteins in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) using online large-scale databases. Methods The mRNA expression profiles of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway proteins PTEN, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CD, PIK3CG, AKT1, AKT2, AKT3 and mTOR were investigated using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Oncomine databases, and the protein expression levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR were detected using western blotting (WB) analysis. In addition, the correlation between mRNA or protein expression levels and the prognostic significance was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) plotter (n = 530), the Human Protein Atlas (HPA; n = 528) and The Cancer Protein Atlas (TCPA; n = 445) databases. Results The GEPIA revealed that the mRNA expression of major PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway members, including PTEN, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3, were negatively correlated with ccRCC stages (P < 0.05), though most of their mRNA and protein expression levels were notsignificantly different between ccRCC and normal tissues using GEPIA, Oncomine and WB analyses (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, using the K-M plotter and HPA prognostic analysis, it was found that the mRNA expression levels of the majority of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway members, including PTEN, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CG, AKT3 and mTOR were positively correlated with overall survival (OS), whereas PIK3CD mRNA expression was negatively correlated with OS (P < 0.05). Furthermore, TCPA prognostic analysis observed that several of the key molecules of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway [PTEN, p-AKT (S473) and p-mTOR (S2448)] were also positively correlated with OS in patients with ccRCC (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study suggested that several members of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, especially PTEN, may be favorable prognostic factors in ccRCC, which indicated that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway may be implicated in ccRCC initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demin Fan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University,Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University,Jinan, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyi Qu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yijiao Yuan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Urology, Shandong Yuncheng County Chinese Medicine Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Huayu Gao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Juntao Ge
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingyong Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University,Jinan, China
| | - Zuohui Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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18
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Tumkur Sitaram R, Landström M, Roos G, Ljungberg B. Significance of PI3K signalling pathway in clear cell renal cell carcinoma in relation to VHL and HIF status. J Clin Pathol 2020; 74:216-222. [PMID: 32467322 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) includes diverse tumour types characterised by various genetic abnormalities. The genetic changes, like mutations, deletions and epigenetic alterations, play a crucial role in the modification of signalling networks, tumour pathogenesis and prognosis. The most prevalent RCC type, clear cell RCC (ccRCC), is asymptomatic in the early stages and has a poorer prognosis compared with the papillary and the chromophobe types RCCs. Generally, ccRCC is refractory to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Loss of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene and upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF), the signature of most sporadic ccRCC, promote multiple growth factors. Hence, VHL/HIF and a variety of pathways, including phosphatase and TEnsin homolog on chromosome 10/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, are closely connected and contribute to the ontogeny of ccRCC. In the recent decade, multiple targeting agents have been developed based on blocking major signalling pathways directly or indirectly involved in ccRCC tumour progression, metastasis, angiogenesis and survival. However, most of these drugs have limitations; either metastatic ccRCC develops resistance to these agents, or despite blocking receptors, tumour cells use alternate signalling pathways. This review compiles the state of knowledge about the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway confined to ccRCC and its cross-talks with VHL/HIF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviprakash Tumkur Sitaram
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Translational Research Center (TRC), Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Väasterbotten, Sweden
| | - Maréne Landström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Translational Research Center (TRC), Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Väasterbotten, Sweden
| | - Göran Roos
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Translational Research Center (TRC), Umeå Universitet, Umeå, Väasterbotten, Sweden
| | - Börje Ljungberg
- Department of Surgical and Preoperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå Universitet, Umea, Västerbotten, Sweden
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19
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Abstract
Renal cancer is a serious and common type of cancer affecting old ages. The growth of such type of cancer can be stopped by detecting it before it reaches advanced or end-stage. Hence, renal cancer must be identified and diagnosed in the initial stages. In this research paper, an intelligent medical diagnostic system to diagnose renal cancer is developed by using fuzzy and neuro-fuzzy techniques. Essentially, for a fuzzy inference system, two layers are used. The first layer gives the output about whether the patient is having renal cancer or not. Similarly, the second layer detects the current stage of suffering patients. While in the development of a medical diagnostic system by using a neuro-fuzzy technique, the Gaussian membership functions are used for all the input variables considered for the diagnosis. In this paper, the comparison between the performance of developed systems has been done by taking some suitable parameters. The results obtained from this comparison study show that the intelligent medical system developed by using a neuro-fuzzy model gives the more precise and accurate results than existing systems.
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20
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Jia R, Wang C. MiR-29b-3p Reverses Cisplatin Resistance by Targeting COL1A1 in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer A549/DDP Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:2559-2566. [PMID: 32368137 PMCID: PMC7170551 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s246625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the expression of miR-29b-3p in tissues and cells of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its effect on cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells and its mechanism. Methods The mRNA expression of miR-29b-3p and COL1A1 in NSCLC tissue, cell line A549 and cisplatin-resistant cell line A549/DDP was detected by RT-qPCR. MiR-29b-3p Mimics was transfected into A549/DDP cells, and the cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis and related protein expression were detected by CCK-8, flow cytometry and Western blot. Also, luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the targeting relationship between miR-29b-3p and COL1A1. Moreover, COL1A1 overexpression lentivirus and miR-29b-3p mimics (Mimics+COL1A1) were simultaneously transfected into A549/DDP cells, and then the cell viability and related protein expression were measured. Results In NSCLC tissue and its cell line, miR-29b-3p was downregulated and COL1A1 was upregulated (P<0.05). After A549/DDP cell was transfected by mimics, its cell viability and proliferation rate decreased, apoptosis rate and the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN and apoptosis-related protein BAX were increased (P<0.05), which could be reversed by Mimics+COL1A1 co-transfection. Luciferase reporter gene assay indicated that COL1A1 was the target gene of miR-29b-3p. Conclusion All in all, miR-29b-3p can reverse the cisplatin resistance of A549/DDP cells by inhibiting the expression of COL1A1 gene and increasing the expression of PTEN and BAX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, People's Republic of China
| | - Changli Wang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300000, People's Republic of China
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21
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Li C, Xu Y, Xin P, Zheng Y, Zhu X. Role and mechanism of PTEN in Burkitt's lymphoma. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:481-490. [PMID: 31922234 PMCID: PMC6967105 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the possible mechanisms of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma, and provide novel information that can be used in the targeted treatment of this disease. PTEN lentiviral overexpression vector and short-hairpin PTEN silencing vectors were constructed. The effect of PTEN on the growth and proliferation of CA46 and RAJI cells was analyzed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide double staining. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle. A Transwell chamber was used to detect cell migration and invasion abilities. Western blot analysis was used to detect related protein changes. The mechanism of the effect of PTEN on the biological characteristics of Burkitt's lymphoma cells was subsequently analyzed. The results revealed that PTEN inhibited the proliferation of CA46 and RAJI cells by downregulating the expression of p-AKT, It was indicated that the upregulation of proapoptotic proteins (including Bad and Bax) induced apoptosis, regulated cyclin (including P53, P21, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D3 and cyclin H) to inhibit cell cycle progression, and mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like cell markers (including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, β-catenin, TCF-8, vimentin, Slug and Snail) to inhibit cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, the tumor-suppressor gene PTEN inhibited the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway and inhibited the proliferation and migration of Burkitt's lymphoma cells, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, thus playing a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuntuan Li
- Department of Haematology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Yahong Xu
- Department of Haematology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Pengliang Xin
- Department of Haematology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Haematology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Xiongpeng Zhu
- Department of Haematology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
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22
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Pulido R, Mingo J, Gaafar A, Nunes-Xavier CE, Luna S, Torices L, Angulo JC, López JI. Precise Immunodetection of PTEN Protein in Human Neoplasia. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:cshperspect.a036293. [PMID: 31501265 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PTEN is a major tumor-suppressor protein whose expression and biological activity are frequently diminished in sporadic or inherited cancers. PTEN gene deletion or loss-of-function mutations favor tumor cell growth and are commonly found in clinical practice. In addition, diminished PTEN protein expression is also frequently observed in tumor samples from cancer patients in the absence of PTEN gene alterations. This makes PTEN protein levels a potential biomarker parameter in clinical oncology, which can guide therapeutic decisions. The specific detection of PTEN protein can be achieved by using highly defined anti-PTEN monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), characterized with precision in terms of sensitivity for the detection technique, specificity for PTEN binding, and constraints of epitope recognition. This is especially relevant taking into consideration that PTEN is highly targeted by mutations and posttranslational modifications, and different PTEN protein isoforms exist. The precise characterization of anti-PTEN mAb reactivity is an important step in the validation of these reagents as diagnostic and prognostic tools in clinical oncology, including their routine use in analytical immunohistochemistry (IHC). Here, we review the current status on the use of well-defined anti-PTEN mAbs for PTEN immunodetection in the clinical context and discuss their potential usefulness and limitations for a more precise cancer diagnosis and patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pulido
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48011, Spain
| | - Janire Mingo
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain
| | - Ayman Gaafar
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo 48903, Spain
| | - Caroline E Nunes-Xavier
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain.,Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo N-0310, Norway
| | - Sandra Luna
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain
| | - Leire Torices
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain
| | - Javier C Angulo
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Getafe, Getafe, Madrid 28904, Spain.,Clinical Department, European University of Madrid, Laureate Universities, Madrid 28904, Spain
| | - José I López
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo 48903, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo 48903, Spain.,University of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Spain
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23
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Liu X, Ren Z, Xu Y, Sun W, Li Y, Rui X, Xie D, Meng X, Zheng Z. Establishment and characterization of novel human primary endometrial cancer cell line (ZJB-ENC1) and its genomic characteristic. J Cancer 2019; 10:6466-6474. [PMID: 31772679 PMCID: PMC6856739 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of human malignant tumor cell lines can provide abundant experimental materials for understanding the biological characteristics of tumors, studying the carcinogenesis, molecular genetics and the mechanism of metastasis and evolution. In this study, a novel cell line designated ZJB-ENC1 has been established from poorly differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Cytological results showed monolayer-cultured cells were polygonal in shape and a piling-up tendency without contact inhabitation. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the cells were negative for ER, PR, c-erbB2, E-CAD, CD117, and OCT3/4, but strongly positive for PTEN and P16. Meanwhile, the tumorigenicity of ZJB-ENC1 was confirmed by subcutaneous transplantation of the cells into a xenograft mouse model. In addition, the results of the whole exome sequencing revealed a unique genomic characteristic of ZJB-ENC1 cells, all common and novel SNPs and InDels were identified. In conclusion, this new stable cell line may promote basic and clinical research on endometrial cancer (EC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Liu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.,The Experimental Center, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.,The Experimental Center, Zhejiang cancer hospital , Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Zhuozhuo Ren
- Medical Support Department, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.,The Experimental Center, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.,The Experimental Center, Zhejiang cancer hospital , Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang cancer hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Xinmiao Rui
- The Second Clinical Department, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Dafei Xie
- General Surgery Department, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Xuli Meng
- Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Zhiguo Zheng
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.,The Experimental Center, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.,The Experimental Center, Zhejiang cancer hospital , Hangzhou, 310022, China
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Chen T, Yu Q, Xin L, Guo L. Circular RNA circC3P1 restrains kidney cancer cell activity by regulating miR-21/PTEN axis and inactivating PI3K/AKT and NF- kB pathways. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4001-4010. [PMID: 31643094 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kidney cancer (KC) seriously impacts public health. We detected the function and mechanism of circular RNA C3P1 (circC3P1) in KC cells. CCK-8, flow cytometry, migration, and invasion assay were respectively used to investigate the efficacies of circC3P1 and microRNA (miR)-21 on cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), circC3P1, and miR-21 expression were changed by cell transfection and detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the apoptosis/pathways-related proteins and proteins were detected by western blot analysis. Besides, the relation between PTEN and miR-21 was detected by luciferase assay. circC3P1 and PTEN were downregulated while miR-21 was upregulated in KC tissues. circC3P1 declined cell viability, migration, and invasion and caused apoptosis. Furthermore, circC3P1 negatively regulated miR-21; miR-21 mimic could reverse the efficacies of circC3P1. Besides, circC3P1 restrained the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathways by downregulating miR-21. Finally, PTEN was authenticated as a target of miR-21. circC3P1 restrained KC cell growth, migration, and invasion by regulating miR-21/PTEN axis and inactivating PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qinchao Yu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Xin
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Barth DA, Slaby O, Klec C, Juracek J, Drula R, Calin GA, Pichler M. Current Concepts of Non-Coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1580. [PMID: 31627266 PMCID: PMC6826455 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a relatively rare malignancy of the urinary tract system. RCC is a heterogenous disease in terms of underlying histology and its associated underlying pathobiology, prognosis and treatment schedule. The most prevalent histological RCC subtype is clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), accounting for about 70-80% of all RCCs. Though the pathobiology and treatment schedule for ccRCC are well-established, non-ccRCC subtypes account for 20%-30% of RCC altogether, and their underlying molecular biology and treatment options are poorly defined. The class of non-coding RNAs-molecules that are generally not translated into proteins-are new cancer drivers and suppressors in all types of cancer. Of these, small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to carcinogenesis by regulating posttranscriptional gene silencing. Additionally, a growing body of evidence supports the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer development and progression. Most studies on non-coding RNAs in RCC focus on clear-cell histology, and there is a relatively limited number of studies on non-ccRCC subtypes. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the current knowledge regarding the role of non-coding RNAs (including short and long non-coding RNAs) in non-ccRCC and to highlight possible implications as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik A Barth
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Christiane Klec
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Jaroslav Juracek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Rares Drula
- Research Centre for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Martin Pichler
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Howe C, Mitchell J, Kim SJ, Im E, Rhee SH. Pten gene deletion in intestinal epithelial cells enhances susceptibility to Salmonella Typhimurium infection in mice. J Microbiol 2019; 57:1012-1018. [PMID: 31555991 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-9320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is typically considered a tumor-suppressor gene, it was recently suggested that PTEN regulates TLR5-induced immune and inflammatory responses in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), suggesting an immunomodulatory function of PTEN in the gut. However, this alternative function of PTEN has not yet been evaluated in an in vivo context of protection against enteropathogenic bacteria. To address this, we utilized IEC-restricted Pten knockout (PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC) and littermate Pten+/+ mice. These mice were subjected to the streptomycin-pre-treated mouse model of Salmonella infection, and subsequently given an oral gavage of a low inoculum (2 × 104 CFU) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). This bacterial infection not only increased the mortality of PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice compared to Pten+/+ mice, but also induced deleterious gastrointestinal inflammation in PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice manifested by massive histological damage to the intestinal mucosa. S. Typhimurium infection up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the intestine of PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice compared to controls. Furthermore, bacterial loads were greatly increased in the liver, mesenteric lymph node, and spleen of PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice compared to controls. Together, these results suggest that IEC-restricted Pten deficiency renders the host greatly susceptible to Salmonella infection and support an immune-regulatory role of PTEN in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Howe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, 48309, USA
| | - Jonathon Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, 48309, USA
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, 48309, USA.,College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, 48309, USA.,College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Rhee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, 48309, USA. .,Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Limitations to the Therapeutic Potential of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Alternative Therapies for Kidney Cancer. Ochsner J 2019; 19:138-151. [PMID: 31258426 DOI: 10.31486/toj.18.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are the most common primary renal tumor. RCCs have a high rate of metastasis and have the highest mortality rate of all genitourinary cancers. They are often diagnosed late when metastases have developed, and these metastases are difficult to treat successfully. Since 2006, the standard first-line treatment for patients with metastatic RCC has been multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that include mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. RCCs are highly vascularized tumors, and their angiogenesis is controlled by tyrosine kinases that play a vital role in growth factor signaling to stimulate this process. TKI therapy was introduced for direct targeting of angiogenesis in RCC. TKIs have been moderately successful in the treatment of metastatic RCC and initially increased cancer-specific survival times. However, RCC rapidly becomes resistant to TKIs, and no current drug has produced a cure for advanced RCC. Methods: We provide an overview of RCC, explain some reasons for therapy resistance in RCC, and describe some therapies that may overcome resistance to TKIs. The key pathways that determine therapy resistance are illustrated. Results: Factors involved in the development and progression of RCC include genetic mutations, activation of hypoxia-inducible factor and related proteins, cellular metabolism, the tumor microenvironment, and growth factors and their receptors. Resistance to the therapeutic potential of TKIs can be acquired or intrinsic. Alternative therapies include other small molecule drugs and immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockade. Conclusion: The treatment of RCC is undergoing a paradigm shift from sole use of small molecule antiangiogenesis TKIs as first-line therapy to include newly approved agents for second-line and third-line therapy that now involve the mTOR pathway and immune checkpoint blockade drugs for patients with advanced RCC.
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Sekino Y, Sakamoto N, Sentani K, Oue N, Teishima J, Matsubara A, Yasui W. miR-130b Promotes Sunitinib Resistance through Regulation of PTEN in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Oncology 2019; 97:164-172. [PMID: 31195398 DOI: 10.1159/000500605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs that play an important role in progression and drug resistance in cancer. Several reports have shown that miR-130b modulates cell growth and drug resistance in some cancers. However, the expression and biological role of miR-130b in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the expression and functional role of miR-130b and to analyze the association between miR-130b and sunitinib resistance in RCC. METHODS The expression of miR-130b in 32 RCC tissues and their corresponding normal kidney tissues was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We performed a 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in RCC cell lines transfected with miR-130b inhibitor or miR-130b mimics. We evaluated the relationship between miR-130b and PTEN and also analyzed the effect of miR-130b on sunitinib resistance. RESULTS qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of miR-130b was higher in RCC tissues than in corresponding normal kidney tissues. The MTT assay revealed that miR-130b modulated cell growth. qRT-PCR revealed an inverse correlation between miR-130b and PTEN in RCC. Western blotting demonstrated that miR-130b regulated the expression of PTEN in the RCC cell line. Additionally, miR-130b was associated with sunitinib resistance through regulation of PTEN. We established the sunitinib-resistant Caki-1 (Caki-1-SR) cells and observed that the expression of miR-130b was elevated in Caki-1-SR cells compared with parental Caki-1 cells. Knockdown of miR-130b improved sunitinib resistance in Caki-1-SR cells. CONCLUSION The expression of miR-130b was upregulated in RCC. miR-130b promoted cell growth and was associated with sunitinib resistance through regulating PTEN expression. Collectively, these results suggest that miR-130b may play an oncogenic role and be a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sekino
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jun Teishima
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akio Matsubara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan,
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Li W, Huang K, Wen F, Cui G, Guo H, He Z, Zhao S. LINC00184 silencing inhibits glycolysis and restores mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in esophageal cancer through demethylation of PTEN. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:298-310. [PMID: 31201145 PMCID: PMC6606559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total lesion glycolysis has been reported to be a satisfactory predictor of survival in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer (EC). The aim of the present study is to investigate the function of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 184 (LINC00184) on the EC cell glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). METHODS The expression of LINC00184 was determined to be highly expressed and PTEN was poorly expressed in EC tissues and cells by RT-qPCR. In order to evaluate the effects of LINC00184 on cellular process in vitro and in vivo, gain- and loss-of-function approaches were performed to alter the expression of LINC00184 and PTEN in EC cells. RESULTS Silencing of LINC00184 was observed to inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion, colony formation, and glycolysis of EC cells and tumour growth, while the mitochondrial OXPHOS was restored. By recruiting DNMT1, LINC00184 enhanced the promoter methylation of PTEN. Inhibition of PTEN promoter methylation suppressed EC glycolysis, whereas, improved mitochondrial OXPHOS. Mechanically, LINC00184 modulated glycolysis and mitochondrial OXPHOS in EC cells through induction of the Akt phosphorylation. After blockage of Akt signaling pathway by an Akt inhibitor, LY294002, the regulatory effects of LINC00184 on the glycolysis and mitochondrial OXPHOS of EC cells were reversed. CONCLUSION Taken together, the LINC00184/PTEN/Akt axis mediates glycolysis and mitochondrial OXPHOS in EC cells. This study highlighted a potential intervention target for treating EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Fengbiao Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Guanghui Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Haizhou Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Zhanfeng He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
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Bowen L, Xiaojing L. Radiogenomics of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Associations Between mRNA-Based Subtyping and CT Imaging Features. Acad Radiol 2019; 26:e32-e37. [PMID: 30064916 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate associations between clear-cell renal cell carcinoma mRNA-based subtyping and CT features. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CT data from 177 patients generated with The Cancer Imaging Archive were reviewed. The correlation was analyzed using chi-square test and univariate regression analysis. RESULTS Identified were 124 (53.2%) m1, 67 (28.8%) m2, 17 (7.3%) m3, and 14 (8.7%) m4 subtypes. m1-subtype rates were significantly higher in well-defined margin lesions (p = 0.041). m3-subtype rates were significantly higher in ill-defined margin lesions (p = 0.012), in collecting system invasion lesions (p = 0.028) and collecting system invasion lesions (p = 0.026).On univariate logistic regression analysis, tumor margin (well-defined margin vs ill-defined margin, OR: 2.104; p = 0.041; 95% CI: 1.024-4.322) was associated with m1-subtype. Tumor margin (well-defined margin vs ill-defined margin, OR: 2.104; p = 0.012; 95% CI: 0.212-0.834) and collecting system invasion (yes vs no, OR: 0.421; p = 0.028; 95% CI: 0.212-0.834) and renal vein invasion (yes vs no, OR: 2.164; p = 0.026; 95% CI: 1.090-4.294) were associated with m3-subtype. There was no significant difference between mRNA-based subtyping (m2 vs other; m4 vs other) and the CT features. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary radiogenomics analysis of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma revealed associations between CT features and mRNA-based subtyping which warrant further investigation and validation.
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Bazzichetto C, Conciatori F, Pallocca M, Falcone I, Fanciulli M, Cognetti F, Milella M, Ciuffreda L. PTEN as a Prognostic/Predictive Biomarker in Cancer: An Unfulfilled Promise? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040435. [PMID: 30925702 PMCID: PMC6520939 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying putative biomarkers of clinical outcomes in cancer is crucial for successful enrichment, and for the selection of patients who are the most likely to benefit from a specific therapeutic approach. Indeed, current research in personalized cancer therapy focuses on the possibility of identifying biomarkers that predict prognosis, sensitivity or resistance to therapies. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene that regulates several crucial cell functions such as proliferation, survival, genomic stability and cell motility through both enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Despite its undisputed role as a tumor suppressor, assessment of PTEN status in sporadic human tumors has yet to provide clinically robust prognostic, predictive or therapeutic information. This is possibly due to the exceptionally complex regulation of PTEN function, which involves genetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational events. This review shows a brief summary of the regulation and function of PTEN and discusses its controversial aspects as a prognostic/predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bazzichetto
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Conciatori
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Matteo Pallocca
- SAFU, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Italia Falcone
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Fanciulli
- SAFU, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cognetti
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Michele Milella
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona 37126, Italy.
| | - Ludovica Ciuffreda
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
- SAFU, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
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Anti-Cancer Mechanisms of Taurine in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1155:533-541. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Differential expression of tumor-associated genes and altered gut microbiome with decreased Akkermansia muciniphila confer a tumor-preventive microenvironment in intestinal epithelial Pten-deficient mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3746-3758. [PMID: 30292635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) antagonizes PI3K-Akt signaling; therefore, Pten impairment causes tumorigenesis. However, the correlation between Pten deficiency and colon cancer has remained elusive due to numerous opposite observations. To study this correlation, we examined whether Pten deficiency in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) induces tumorigenesis. With mucosal biopsies of human colon cancer and normal colon, Pten mRNA was evaluated by quantitative PCR. Using IEC-specific Pten knockout mice (PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC), we examined the mitotic activity of IECs; and PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC; Apcmin/+ mice were generated by combining PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC with Apcmin/+ mice. Tumor-associated gene was evaluated by micro-array analysis. Fecal microbiome was analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that Pten mRNA level was reduced in human colon cancer relative to normal tissues. Augmented chromatids, increased Ki-67 and PCNA expression, and enhanced Akt activation were identified in IECs of PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice compared to Pten+/+ littermate. Combining PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC with Apcmin/+ condition caused rapid and aggressive intestinal tumorigenesis. However, PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice did not develop any tumors. While maintaining the tumor-driving potential, these data indicated that IEC-Pten deficiency alone did not induce tumorigenesis in mice. Furthermore, the expression of tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing genes was decreased and increased, respectively, in the intestine of PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice compared to controls. The abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, capable of inducing chronic intestinal inflammation, was diminished in PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice compared to controls. These findings suggested that altered tumor-associated gene expression and changed gut microbiota shape a tumor-preventive microenvironment to counteract the tumor-driving potential, leading to the tumor prevention in PtenΔIEC/ΔIEC mice.
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