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Singh MS, Pyati A, Rubi RD, Subramanian R, Muley VY, Ansari MA, Yellaboina S. Systems-wide view of host-pathogen interactions across COVID-19 severities using integrated omics analysis. iScience 2024; 27:109087. [PMID: 38384846 PMCID: PMC10879696 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms explaining the variability in COVID-19 clinical manifestations (mild, moderate, and severe) are not fully understood. To identify key gene expression markers linked to disease severity, we employed an integrated approach, combining host-pathogen protein-protein interaction data and viral-induced host gene expression data. We analyzed an RNA-seq dataset from peripheral blood mononuclear cells across 12 projects representing the spectrum of disease severity. We identified genes showing differential expression across mild, moderate, and severe conditions. Enrichment analysis of the pathways in host proteins targeted by each of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins revealed a strong association with processes related to ribosomal biogenesis, translation, and translocation. Interestingly, most of these pathways and associated cellular machinery, including ribosomal biogenesis, ribosomal proteins, and translation, were upregulated in mild conditions but downregulated in severe cases. This suggests that COVID-19 exhibits a paradoxical host response, boosting host/viral translation in mild cases but slowing it in severe cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairembam Stelin Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, SCLS, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Zoology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Pyati
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 508126, India
| | - R. Devika Rubi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Keshav Memorial Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Rajasekaran Subramanian
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Keshav Memorial Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | | | - Mairaj Ahmed Ansari
- Department of Biotechnology, SCLS, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Centre for Virology, SIST, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sailu Yellaboina
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 508126, India
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Salciccia S, Moriconi M, Asero V, Canale V, Eisenberg ML, Glover F, Belladelli F, Seranio N, Basran S, De Berardinis E, Di Pierro G, Ricciuti GP, Chung BI, Sciarra A, Del Giudice F. Systematic review and meta-analysis of serum total testosterone and luteinizing hormone variations across hospitalized Covid-19 patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2786. [PMID: 38307934 PMCID: PMC10837199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests the role of male hypogonadism as a possible harbinger for poor clinical outcomes across hospitalized Covid-19 patients. Accordingly, we sought to investigate the impact of dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis on the severity of the clinical manifestations for hospitalized Covid-19 patients matched with healthy controls through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Databases were searched from inception to March 2022. A standardized mean difference (SMD) meta-analysis focused on hospitalized Covid-19 patients and healthy controls was developed for studies who reported total testosterone (TT) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels at hospital admission. Overall, n = 18 series with n = 1575 patients between 2020 and 2022 were reviewed. A significant decrease in SMD of TT levels in Covid-19 patients compared to paired controls was observed (- 3.25 nmol/L, 95%CI - 0.57 and - 5.93). This reduction was even more consistent when matching severe Covid-19 patients with controls (- 5.04 nmol/L, 95%CI - 1.26 and - 8.82) but similar for Covid-19 survivors and non-survivors (- 3.04 nmol/L, 95%CI - 2.04 and - 4.05). No significant variation was observed for serum LH levels across studies. Patient related comorbidities, year of the pandemic, and total lymphocyte count were associated with the observed estimates. TT levels may be a useful serum marker of poor outcomes among Covid-19 patients. These findings may support the development of ad-hoc clinical trials in the Covid-19 risk-group classification and subsequent disease monitoring. The interplay between TT and immune response should be evaluated in future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Salciccia
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Martina Moriconi
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Asero
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Canale
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael L Eisenberg
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Frank Glover
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Federico Belladelli
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolas Seranio
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Satvir Basran
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ettore De Berardinis
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Pierro
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Piero Ricciuti
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Benjamin I Chung
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alessandro Sciarra
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Del Giudice
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Zhang L, Sun X, Feng Y, Ma F. Association of the androgens with COVID-19 prognostic outcomes: a systematic review. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:152. [PMID: 37605265 PMCID: PMC10440898 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The coronavirus disease 2019 was a global public health emergency in later years (from 2020 to early 2022), and androgens have been associated with infection and prognostic outcomes. However, the relationship between low serum testosterone levels and prognostic outcomes remains inconclusive. This systematic review aimed to investigate the relationship between serum testosterone levels and prognostic outcomes in patients with COVID-19. METHODS We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science electronic databases for all literature from January 1, 2020, to September 1, 2022. In addition, we also searched literature manually. The search terms were COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), androgens, and testosterone. There were no language restrictions for retrieval. RESULTS Our search identified 2285 articles, resulting in a full-text analysis of 16 studies, including 12 cohort studies and four case-control studies. Low serum testosterone levels were observed to be statistically associated with a higher probability of intensive care unit (ICU) admission in seven studies. In eight studies, higher hospital mortality was associated with lower serum testosterone levels. Six studies found that low serum testosterone levels were associated with a statistically significant difference in lung function impairment. Only four studies found that among living patients, those with lower serum testosterone levels had longer hospital stays. All but one of the included studies had a low risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Based on available data, low serum testosterone levels are associated with higher rates of ICU admission, hospital mortality, risk of lung failure, inflammatory markers, and longer hospital stays in patients with COVID-19 compared with those having normal serum testosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xinrui Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ying Feng
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China.
| | - Fang Ma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China.
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4
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Liang X, Sun R, Wang J, Zhou K, Li J, Chen S, Lyu M, Li S, Xue Z, Shi Y, Xie Y, Zhang Q, Yi X, Pan J, Wang D, Xu J, Zhu H, Zhu G, Zhu J, Zhu Y, Zheng Y, Shen B, Guo T. Proteomics Investigation of Diverse Serological Patterns in COVID-19. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100493. [PMID: 36621767 PMCID: PMC9814280 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum antibodies IgM and IgG are elevated during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) to defend against viral attacks. Atypical results such as negative and abnormally high antibody expression were frequently observed whereas the underlying molecular mechanisms are elusive. In our cohort of 144 COVID-19 patients, 3.5% were both IgM and IgG negative, whereas 29.2% remained only IgM negative. The remaining patients exhibited positive IgM and IgG expression, with 9.3% of them exhibiting over 20-fold higher titers of IgM than the others at their plateau. IgG titers in all of them were significantly boosted after vaccination in the second year. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we classed the patients into four groups with diverse serological patterns and analyzed their 2-year clinical indicators. Additionally, we collected 111 serum samples for TMTpro-based longitudinal proteomic profiling and characterized 1494 proteins in total. We found that the continuously negative IgM and IgG expression during COVID-19 were associated with mild inflammatory reactions and high T cell responses. Low levels of serum IgD, inferior complement 1 activation of complement cascades, and insufficient cellular immune responses might collectively lead to compensatory serological responses, causing overexpression of IgM. Serum CD163 was positively correlated with antibody titers during seroconversion. This study suggests that patients with negative serology still developed cellular immunity for viral defense and that high titers of IgM might not be favorable to COVID-19 recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiyong Chen
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengge Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sainan Li
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhangzhi Xue
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingqiu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuting Xie
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiushi Zhang
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Yi
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Pan
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Donglian Wang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqin Xu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongguo Zhu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangjun Zhu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiansheng Zhu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufen Zheng
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Bo Shen
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tiannan Guo
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Leni R, Belladelli F, Baldini S, Scroppo FI, Zaffuto E, Antonini G, Montorsi F, Salonia A, Carcano G, Capogrosso P, Dehò F. The Complex Interplay between Serum Testosterone and the Clinical Course of Coronavirus Disease 19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence. World J Mens Health 2023:41.e15. [PMID: 36649920 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.220143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, efforts in defining risk factors and associations between the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), clinical, and molecular features have initiated. After three years of pandemic, it became evident that men have higher risk of adverse outcomes. Such evidence provided the impetus for defining the biological fundaments of such a gender disparity. Our objective was to analyze the most recent literature with the aim of defining the relationship between COVID-19 and fertility, in particular, we assessed the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and testosterone in a systematic review of literature from December 2019 (first evidence of a novel coronavirus in the Hubei province) until March 2022. As a fundamental basis for understanding, articles pertaining preclinical aspects explaining the gender disparity (n=9) were included. The main review categories analyzed the risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 according to testosterone levels (n=5), the impact of serum testosterone on outcomes of COVID-19 (n=23), and the impact SARS-CoV-2 on testosterone levels after infection (n=19). Preclinical studies mainly evaluated the relation between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and its androgen-mediated regulation, articles exploring the risk of COVID-19 according to testosterone levels were few. Although most publications evaluating the effect of COVID-19 on fertility found low testosterone levels after the infection, follow-up was short, with some also suggesting no alterations during recovery. More conclusive findings were observed in men with low testosterone levels, that were generally at higher risk of experiencing worse outcomes (i.e., admission to intensive care units, longer hospitalization, and death). Interestingly, an inverse relationship was observed in women, where higher levels of testosterone were associated to worse outcomes. Our finding may provide meaningful insights to better patient counselling and individualization of care pathways in men with testosterone levels suggesting hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Leni
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Belladelli
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Emanuele Zaffuto
- University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Department of Urology, Circolo & Fondazione Macchi Hospital - ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Gabriele Antonini
- Department of Urology, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Carcano
- University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Circolo & Fondazione Macchi Hospital - ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Capogrosso
- University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Department of Urology, Circolo & Fondazione Macchi Hospital - ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy.
| | - Federico Dehò
- University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Department of Urology, Circolo & Fondazione Macchi Hospital - ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
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Clausen CL, Holm Johannsen T, Erik Skakkebæk N, Frederiksen H, Ryrsø CK, Dungu AM, Hegelund MH, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Krogh-Madsen R, Lindegaard B, Linneberg A, Kårhus LL, Juul A, Benfield T. Pituitary-gonadal hormones associated with respiratory failure in men and women hospitalized with COVID-19: an observational cohort study. Endocr Connect 2023; 12:e220444. [PMID: 36472925 PMCID: PMC9782448 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aim To explore pituitary-gonadal hormone concentrations and assess their association with inflammation, severe respiratory failure, and mortality in hospitalized men and women with COVID-19, and compare these to hormone concentrations in hospitalized patients with bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and influenza virus CAP and to concentrations in a reference group of healthy individuals. Methods Serum concentrations of testosterone, estrone sulfate, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured within 4 days of admission. Associations were assessed by logistic regression analysis in patients with COVID-19, and results were reported as odds ratio with 95% CI per two-fold reduction after adjustment for age, comorbidities, days to sample collection, and IL-6 concentrations. Results In total, 278 patients with COVID-19, 21 with influenza virus CAP, and 76 with bacterial CAP were included. Testosterone concentrations were suppressed in men hospitalized with COVID-19, bacterial and influenza virus CAP, and moderately suppressed in women. Reductions in testosterone (OR: 3.43 (1.14-10.30), P = 0.028) and LH (OR: 2.51 (1.28-4.92), P = 0.008) were associated with higher odds of mehanical ventilation (MV) in men with COVID-19. In women with COVID-19, reductions in LH (OR: 3.34 (1.02-10-90), P = 0.046) and FSH (OR: 2.52 (1.01-6.27), P = 0.047) were associated with higher odds of MV. Conclusion Low testosterone and LH concentrations were predictive of severe respiratory failure in men with COVID-19, whereas low concentrations of LH and FSH were predictive of severe respiratory failure in women with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Lundetoft Clausen
- Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Trine Holm Johannsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Erik Skakkebæk
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Koch Ryrsø
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – Nordsjælland, Hillerød, Denmark
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnold Matovu Dungu
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – Nordsjælland, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Maria Hein Hegelund
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – Nordsjælland, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Krogh-Madsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Lindegaard
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – Nordsjælland, Hillerød, Denmark
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Lund Kårhus
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Benfield
- Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Endocrine Aspects of ICU-Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101703. [PMID: 36294842 PMCID: PMC9604718 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented scale of the current SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has led to an extensive—yet fragmented—assessment of its endocrine repercussions; in many reports, the endocrine aspects of COVID-19 are lumped together in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and non-ICU patients. In this brief review, we aimed to present endocrine alterations in ICU-hospitalized patients with COVID-19. There are tangible endocrine disturbances that may provide fertile ground for COVID-19, such as preexisting diabetes. Other endocrine disturbances accompany the disease and more particularly its severe forms. Up to the time of writing, no isolated robust endocrine/hormonal biomarkers for the prognosis of COVID-19 have been presented. Among those which may be easily available are admission glycemia, thyroid hormones, and maybe (OH)25-vitamin D3. Their overlap among patients with severe and less severe forms of COVID-19 may be considerable, so their levels may be indicative only. We have shown that insulin-like growth factor 1 may have prognostic value, but this is not a routine measurement. Possibly, as our current knowledge is expanding, the inclusion of selected routine endocrine/hormonal measurements into artificial intelligence/machine learning models may provide further information.
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8
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Khare K, Pandey R. Cellular heterogeneity in disease severity and clinical outcome: Granular understanding of immune response is key. Front Immunol 2022; 13:973070. [PMID: 36072602 PMCID: PMC9441806 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.973070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During an infectious disease progression, it is crucial to understand the cellular heterogeneity underlying the differential immune response landscape that will augment the precise information of the disease severity modulators, leading to differential clinical outcome. Patients with COVID-19 display a complex yet regulated immune profile with a heterogeneous array of clinical manifestation that delineates disease severity sub-phenotypes and worst clinical outcomes. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate/understand/enumerate the role of cellular heterogeneity during COVID-19 disease to understand the underlying immunological mechanisms regulating the disease severity. This article aims to comprehend the current findings regarding dysregulation and impairment of immune response in COVID-19 disease severity sub-phenotypes and relate them to a wide array of heterogeneous populations of immune cells. On the basis of the findings, it suggests a possible functional correlation between cellular heterogeneity and the COVID-19 disease severity. It highlights the plausible modulators of age, gender, comorbidities, and hosts' genetics that may be considered relevant in regulating the host response and subsequently the COVID-19 disease severity. Finally, it aims to highlight challenges in COVID-19 disease that can be achieved by the application of single-cell genomics, which may aid in delineating the heterogeneity with more granular understanding. This will augment our future pandemic preparedness with possibility to identify the subset of patients with increased diseased severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Khare
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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9
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Twitchell DK, Christensen MB, Hackett G, Morgentaler A, Saad F, Pastuszak AW. Examining Male Predominance of Severe COVID-19 Outcomes: A Systematic Review. ANDROGENS: CLINICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPEUTICS 2022; 3:41-53. [PMID: 36199281 PMCID: PMC9527649 DOI: 10.1089/andro.2022.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although not universal, many epidemiological data sources signal that a higher proportion of males than females with confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections have adverse outcomes, such as intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death. Though likely multifactorial, the various hypotheses that have been proposed as underlying factors behind this trend are related to greater smoking prevalence among males, testosterone (T) deficiency causing an inflammatory storm, androgen-driven pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, a protective effect of estrogen in females, and inborn errors of cytokine immunity. This review aims at examining the evidence and at assessing the likelihood that the factors being investigated are contributory to the reported trend of male predominance of severe COVID-19 cases. Sources were obtained using the PubMed database and were selected based on their relevance to one of the primary hypotheses attempting to explain the strong male sex bias of severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. Emphasis was placed on meta-analyses and population-based studies. Sources are current through February 22, 2022. A severe COVID-19 case or outcome is defined in this review as a progression of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that results in either admission to an ICU for management of symptoms and clinical stabilization or which leads to death. Although the trend of male predominance of severe COVID-19 cases is likely multifactorial, the hypothesis of T deficiency causing an inflammatory storm has support from many studies with limited conflicting evidence. An inborn error in cytokine immunity is also well supported, but it needs more studies to add support to the hypothesis. The immunologic protective effect of estrogen is supported by multiple studies, but it also has conflicting evidence. It appears less likely that the trend is caused solely by an increased prevalence of smoking among males or an androgen-driven pathogenesis, based on the extent of conflicting evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael B. Christensen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Geoffrey Hackett
- Department of Men's Health, Little Aston Hospital, Sutton Coldfield, United Kingdom
| | - Abraham Morgentaler
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Farid Saad
- Department of Men's Health Research, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Alexander W. Pastuszak
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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10
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Almazari I, Bdeir R, Basheer HA. Evaluation of Jordan's citizens' awareness of the emerging Coronavirus (COVID-19) disease: A mixed analysis of the symptoms, transmission, and preventive measures. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0001041. [PMID: 36962653 PMCID: PMC10022341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate Jordan citizens' awareness, knowledge, and practice concerning Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) symptoms, routes of transmission, and preventive measures. An online self-administered questionnaire was filled out completely by participants (N = 328) from mainly four major cities in Jordan during the period beginning of May-end of September 2020. Participants' main sources of knowledge about COVID-19 were the government websites (87.8%), social media (87.5%), and Television (TV) (81.1%). The majority of participants valued the drizzle of cough from infected individuals (96.3%), direct contact with contaminated surfaces (91.5%), and direct contact with infected individuals (84.5%) as the highest rates of the route of transmission. The highest rates chosen as symptoms of COVID-19 viral infections were high-grade fever (99.1%), troublesome breathing (96.6%), coughing (92.7%), headache (91.2%), and loss of smell and taste (80.8%). The majority of participants (>92%) strongly agreed on the behavioral protective measures such as no face touching, wearing a mask, the use of alcoholic hand disinfectants, and the need for self-isolation. This study showed that the Jordanian citizens were aware of the epidemiology of COVID-19 and related infection preventive measures. This agrees well with the efforts done by the Ministry of health and governmental organizations to spread the necessary information about the virus among citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inas Almazari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Roba Bdeir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Haneen A Basheer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
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11
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Cai Z, Zhong J, Jiang Y, Zhang J. Associations between COVID-19 infection and sex steroid hormones. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:940675. [PMID: 36303865 PMCID: PMC9592769 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.940675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and within a few months of the first outbreak, it was declared a global pandemic by the WHO. The lethal virus SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted through respiratory droplets and enters host cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors. ACE-2 receptors are highly expressed in many tissues, including testes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to summarize the available literature regarding the correlation between sex hormone levels and COVID-19. METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were reviewed systematically through August 2022 for studies comparing sex hormone levels between different patient groups: COVID-19 versus no COVID-19, more severe versus less severe COVID-19, and non-survivors versus survivors. Various types of clinical research reporting sex hormone levels, including free testosterone (FT), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 17β-oestradiol (E2), the oestradiol-to-testosterone ratio (E2/T), prolactin (PRL), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), were included. Random- or fixed-effects models were used to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity among the studies was assessed by the I2 index, and data analyses were performed using meta-analysis with Stata version 12.0. RESULTS Twenty-two articles that included 3369 patients were ultimately included in the meta-analysis. According to analysis of the included studies, patients with COVID-19 had significantly low T/LH, FSH/LH, and SHBG levels and high levels of LH, and E2/T, but their levels of FT, FSH, PRL, E2, and progesterone were not affected. Publication bias was not found according to funnel plots and Egger's regression and Begg's rank correlation tests. CONCLUSION Low T/LH, FSH/LH, and SHBG serum levels and high LH, and E2/T levels may increase the risk of COVID-19. Additionally, the greater is the clinical severity of COVID-19, the higher is the probability of increases in LH, and E2/T serum levels and decreases in T/LH, FSH/LH, and SHBG levels. COVID-19 may have unfavourable effects on gonadal functions, which should be taken seriously by clinicians. Routine monitoring of sex hormone levels might help clinicians to evaluate disease severity in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Cai
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhong
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingling Jiang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jingjing Zhang,
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12
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Identification S100A9 as a potential biomarker in neuroblastoma. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7743-7753. [PMID: 34689294 PMCID: PMC8604885 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06783-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than half of Neuroblastoma (NB) patients presented with distant metastases and the relapse of metastatic patients was up to 90%. It is urgent to explore a biomarker that could facilitate the prediction of metastasis in NB patients. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we systematically analyzed Gene Expression Omnibus datasets and focused on identifying the critical molecular networks and novel key hub genes implicated in NB metastasis. In total, 176 up-regulated and 19 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Based on these DEGs, a PPI network composed of 150 nodes and 452 interactions was established. Through PPI network identification combined with qRT-PCR, ELISA and IHC, S100A9 was screened as an outstanding gene. Furthermore, in vitro tumorigenesis assays demonstrated that S100A9 overexpression enhanced the proliferation, migration and invasion of NB cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings suggested that S100A9 could participate in NB tumorigenesis and progression. In addition, S100A9 has the potential to be used as a promising clinical biomarker in the prediction of NB metastasis.
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