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Nicolai E, Tomassetti F, Pelagalli M, Sarubbi S, Minieri M, Nisini A, Nuccetelli M, Ciotti M, Pieri M, Bernardini S. The Antibodies' Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: 1-Year Follow Up. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2661. [PMID: 37893035 PMCID: PMC10604657 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of vaccines has allowed the containment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at a global level. The present work aims to add data on vaccination by evaluating the level of neutralizing antibodies in individuals who have received a three-vaccination series. For this purpose, we ran a surveillance program directed at measuring the level of IgG Abs against the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and surrogate virus neutralizing Ab (sVNT) anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the serum of individuals undergoing vaccination. This study was performed on employees from the University of Rome Tor Vergata and healthcare workers from the University Hospital who received the Vaxzevria vaccine (n = 56) and Comirnaty vaccine (n = 113), respectively. After the second dose, an increase in both RBD and sVNT Ab values was registered. In individuals who received the Comirnaty vaccine, the antibody titer was about one order of magnitude higher after 6 months from the first dose. All participants in this study received the Comirnaty vaccine as the third dose, which boosted the antibody response. Five months after the third dose, nearly one year from the first injection, the antibody level was >1000 BAU/mL (binding antibody units/mL). According to the values reported in the literature conferring protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, our data indicate that individuals undergoing three vaccine doses present a low risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Flaminia Tomassetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Martina Pelagalli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Serena Sarubbi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Marilena Minieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alberto Nisini
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marzia Nuccetelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Ciotti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Virology Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.N.); (F.T.); (M.P.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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Lippi G, Henry BM. Clinical pearls and pitfalls of SARS-CoV-2 serology. Eur J Intern Med 2023; 111:24-26. [PMID: 36948978 PMCID: PMC10028397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, Verona 37134, Italy.
| | - Brandon M Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Infantino M, Manfredi M, Stacchini L, Cosma C, Grossi V, Lari B, Russo E, Amedei A, Benucci M, Veneziani F, Casprini P, Catalano CM, Cirrincione G, Bonaccorsi G, Pompetti A. The role of neutralizing antibodies by sVNT after two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in a cohort of Italian healthcare workers. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:934-940. [PMID: 35303766 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluating anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels is a current priority to drive immunization, as well as to predict when a vaccine booster dose may be required and for which priority groups. The aim of our study was to investigate the kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 protein IgG (anti-S1 IgG) antibodies and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in an Italian cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs), following the Pfizer/BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, over a period of up to six months after the second dose. METHODS We enrolled 57 HCWs, without clinical history of COVID-19 infection. Fluoroenzyme-immunoassay was used for the quantitative anti-S1 IgG antibodies at different time points T1 (one month), T3 (three months) and T6 (six months) following the second vaccine shot. Simultaneously, a commercial surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) was used for the determination of NAbs, expressed as inhibition percentage (% IH). RESULTS Median values of anti-S1 IgG antibodies decreased from T1 (1,452 BAU/mL) to T6 (104 BAU/mL) with a percent variation of 92.8% while the sVNT showed a percent variation of 34.3% for the same time frame. The decline in anti-S1 IgG antibodies from T1 to T6 was not accompanied by a loss of the neutralizing capacity of antibodies. In fact at T6 a neutralization percentage <20% IH was observed only in 3.51% of HCWs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that the decrease of anti-S1 IgG levels do not correspond in parallel to a decrease of NAbs over time, which highlights the necessity of using both assays to assess vaccination effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Infantino
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Mariangela Manfredi
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stacchini
- Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Cosma
- Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Lari
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Edda Russo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Veneziani
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Casprini
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Cateno Mario Catalano
- Department of Technical Health Services, Preventive Medicine, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cirrincione
- Department of Technical Health Services, Preventive Medicine, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Adolfo Pompetti
- SOC Clinical Assistance Governance, SOS Preventive Medicine Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Padoan A, Cosma C, Della Rocca F, Barbaro F, Santarossa C, Dall'Olmo L, Galla L, Cattelan A, Cianci V, Basso D, Plebani M. A cohort analysis of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG levels and neutralizing antibodies in fully vaccinated healthcare workers. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:1110-1115. [PMID: 35473824 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The waning of humoral immunity after COVID-19 vaccine booster (third dose) has not yet been fully evaluated. This study updates data on anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (S-RBD) binding antibodies (bAb) and neutralizing antibodies (NAb) levels in individuals with homologous vaccination 3-4 months after receiving the booster dose. METHODS Fifty-five healthcare workers (HCW) from Padova University-Hospital were asked to collect serum samples for determining antibodies (Ab) at 12 (t12) and 28 (t28) days, at 6 months (t6m) after their first Comirnaty/BNT162b2 inoculation, and 3-4 months after receiving the 3rd homologous booster dose. HCW were monitored weekly for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ab titers were measured by two chemiluminescent immunoassays, one targeting the S-RBD immunoglobulin G (IgG), and one surrogate viral neutralization test (sVNT), measuring NAb. RESULTS Twenty of the HCW had natural COVID-19 infection (COVID+) at different times, before either the first or the second vaccination. Median S-RBD IgG and NAb levels and their interquartile ranges 3-4 months after the 3rd dose were 1,076 (529-3,409) kBAU/L and 15.8 (11.3-38.3) mg/L, respectively, for COVID-, and 1,373 (700-1,373) kBAU/L and 21 (12.8-53.9) mg/L, respectively, for COVID+. At multivariate regression analyses, with age and gender included as covariates, S-RBD IgG bAb and sVNT NAb levels were closely associated with the time interval between serological determination and the 3rd vaccine dose (log10 _coeff=-0.013, p=0.012 and log10 _coeff=-0.010, p=0.025) for COVID+, whereas no such association was found in COVID- individuals. CONCLUSIONS The third booster dose increases anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab levels, elevated levels persisting for up to 3-4 months. Waning of Ab levels appears to be less pronounced for COVID+ individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Padoan
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cosma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Barbaro
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Dall'Olmo
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences - DISCOG, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Luisa Galla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cattelan
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vito Cianci
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Basso
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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