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Johnson DK, DeTolla LJ, Houghton PW, Clarke GL, Taylor JF, Whitney RA. Origins of US Government Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing, Research, and Training. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2023; 62:288-290. [PMID: 37308281 PMCID: PMC10434746 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-22-000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The US Government Principles for the use of animals in research are a landmark statement of ethical values and guidance for the biomedical research community. However, when The Principles were introduced, a context was not provided for their source or foundation. The US Government Principles were formulated with input from the Council of Europe, World Health Organization, and US Interagency Research Animal Committee. The Principles continue to provide an ethical foundation for the biomedical research community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louis J DeTolla
- Program of Comparative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (retired)
| | | | | | | | - Robert A Whitney
- National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Bethesda, Maryland (retired)
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Lippi G, Henry BM. Clinical pearls and pitfalls of SARS-CoV-2 serology. Eur J Intern Med 2023; 111:24-26. [PMID: 36948978 PMCID: PMC10028397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, Verona 37134, Italy.
| | - Brandon M Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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3
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Thirumugam G, Radhakrishnan Y, Ramamurthi S, Bhaskar JP, Krishnaswamy B. A systematic review on impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127364. [PMID: 36989761 PMCID: PMC10015779 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Innumerable pathogens including RNA viruses have catastrophic pandemic propensity, in turn, SARS-CoV-2 infection is highly contagious. Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with high mutation rate additionally codifies infectious ability of virus and arisen clinical imputations to human health. Although, our knowledge of mechanism of virus infection and its impact on host system has been substantially demystified, uncertainties about the emergence of virus are still not fully understood. To date, there are no potentially curative drugs are identified against the viral infection. Even though, drugs are repurposed in the initial period of infection, many are significantly negative in clinical trials. Moreover, the infection is dependent on organ status, co-morbid conditions, variant of virus and geographic region. This review article aims to comprehensively describe the SARS-CoV-2 infection and the impacts in the host cellular system. This review also briefly provides an overview of genome, proteome and metabolome associated risk to infection and the advancement of therapeutics in SARS-CoV-2 infection management.
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Key Words
- sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- who, world health organization
- mers-cov-middle, east respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- ig, immunoglobulin
- rgd, arginine-glycine-aspartic
- nk-natural, killer cells
- s1 and s2, subunits of s protein
- nsp, non-structural proteins
- voi, varian of interest
- voc, variant of concern
- vum-variant, under monitoring
- ace2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2
- nsp-non-structural, proteins
- orf-open, reading frame
- sars-cov-2
- variants
- omics
- alternative medicines
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowripriya Thirumugam
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yashwanth Radhakrishnan
- ITC - Life Sciences and Technology Centre, Peenya Industrial Area, 1(st) Phase, Bangalore 560058, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Ramamurthi
- ITC - Life Sciences and Technology Centre, Peenya Industrial Area, 1(st) Phase, Bangalore 560058, Karnataka, India
| | - James Prabhanand Bhaskar
- ITC - Life Sciences and Technology Centre, Peenya Industrial Area, 1(st) Phase, Bangalore 560058, Karnataka, India
| | - Balamurugan Krishnaswamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India,Corresponding author
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Hanania N, Najem E, Tamim H, Assaf N, Majari G, Younes W, Abbas F, Berjawi G, Mahfouz R. Comparison between the accuracy of chest computerized tomography vs. reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in a tertiary care center in Lebanon; along with their correlation to mortality, morbidity and symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Human Gene 2023:201150. [PMID: 37521007 PMCID: PMC9891785 DOI: 10.1016/j.humgen.2023.201150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Chest Computerized Tomography has been widely used in COVID patients' assessment. Hence the question arises as to whether there is any correlation between the Ct value and findings on Chest CT scan or clinical presentation of the patient. We wanted to test the hypothesis of whether low Ct values (≤30) in RT-PCR were associated with a high mortality rate, CT scan findings, or with comorbidities such as immunosuppression and lung disease. Methods The radiographic records and RT-PCR Ct values of 371 COVID patents diagnosed at the American University of Beirut Medical Center were reviewed. Results We found out that the sensitivity of chest CT scan compared to RT-PCR, the gold standard, turned out to be 74% (95% CI 69–79%). Specificity, on the other hand was 33% (95% CI 16–55%). The positive predictive value of CT was 94% (95% CI 91–97%) and the negative predictive value was 8% (95% CI 4–16%). low Ct values in RT-PCR were not associated with a higher mortality rate (p-value = 0.416). There was no significant positive association between low Ct value and suspicious CT scan findings (typical and indeterminate for COVID-19), with a p-value of 0.078. There was also no significant association between low Ct value and immunosuppression (p-value = 0.511), or lung disease (p-value =0.06). CT scan findings whether suspicious or not for COVID-19 infection, were not shown to be significantly associated with respiratory symptoms of any kind. No association was found between a history of lung disease, immunosuppression and suspicious CT scan findings for COVID-19. Conclusion As long as this pandemic exists, nucleic acid testing was and remains the gold standard of COVID-19 diagnosis worldwide and in our community as it has a superior diagnostic accuracy to CT scan and higher sensitivity (94% vs 74%).
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Key Words
- covid
- rt-pcr
- ct scan
- ct value
- sensitivity
- aubmc, american university of beirut medical center
- cad, coronary artery disease
- copd, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- covid, coronavirus disease
- ct, cycle threshold
- ct, computed tomography
- ed, emergency department
- kvp, kilovolt power
- mas, milliamperes
- mm, millimeters
- pcr, polymerase chain reaction
- rt-pcr, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- rrt-pcr, real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- who, world health organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hanania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Najem
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hani Tamim
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada Assaf
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghaidaa Majari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wael Younes
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fatmeh Abbas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghina Berjawi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rami Mahfouz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon,Corresponding author at: Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Cairo Street, Beirut, Lebanon
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Aysun Tekin, Shahraz Qamar, Mayank Sharma, Romil Singh, Michael Malinchoc, Vikas Bansal, Neha Deo, Marija Bogojevic, Diana J. Valencia-Morales, Simon Zec, Nika Zorko-Garbajs, Nikhil Sharma, Amos Lal, Devang K. Sanghavi, Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba, Syed A. Khan, Abigail T. La Nou, Anusha Cherian, Igor Borisovich-Zabolotskikh, Vishakha K. Kumar, Rahul Kashyap, Allan J. Walkey, Juan P. Domecq, Hemang Yadav, Ognjen Gajic, Yewande E. Odeyemi, Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS): COVID-19 Registry Investigator Group$. Development and Validation of an Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Prediction Model in Coronavirus Disease-2019: Updated Lung Injury Prediction Score. Mayo Clin Proc 2022. [PMID: 37028977 PMCID: PMC9800809 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective To develop and validate an updated lung injury prediction score (c-LIPS) tailored for predicting acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in coronavirus disease-2019. Patients and Methods This was a registry-based cohort study using the Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study. Hospitalized adult patients between January 2020 and January 2022 were screened. Patients who qualified for ARDS within the first day of admission were excluded. Development cohort consisted of patients enrolled from participating Mayo Clinic sites. The validation analyses were carried out on remaining patients enrolled from more than 120 hospitals in 15 countries. The original LIPS was calculated and enhanced using reported COVID-19 specific laboratory risk factors, constituting c-LIPS. The main outcome was ARDS development and secondary outcomes included hospital mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation, progression in World Health Organization ordinal scale. Results The derivation cohort consisted of 3710 patients, of whom 28% developed ARDS. The c-LIPS discriminated COVID-19 patients who developed ARDS with an AUC of 0.79 compared to original LIPS (AUC 0.74, P<.001) with good calibration accuracy (Hosmer-Lemeshow P=.50). Despite different characteristics of the two cohorts, the c-LIPS’s performance was comparable in the validation cohort of 5426 patients (16% ARDS), with an AUC of 0.74; and its discriminatory performance was significantly higher than the LIPS (AUC 0.68, P<.001). The c-LIPS’s performance in predicting the requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation in derivation and validation cohorts had an AUC of 0.74 and 0.72, respectively. Conclusion In this large patient sample c-LIPS was successfully tailored to predict ARDS in COVID-19 patients.
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Key Words
- ards, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- arf, acute respiratory failure
- ast, aspartate aminotransferase
- auc, area under the curve
- c-lips, lung injury prediction score for covid-19 patients
- covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- crp, c-reactive protein
- hfnc, high flow nasal cannula
- iqr, interquartile range
- lips, lung injury prediction score
- pao2/fio2, partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fractional inspired oxygen ratio
- roc, receiver operating characteristic
- sccm, society of critical care medicine
- spo2, oxygen saturation
- virus, viral infection and respiratory illness universal study
- who, world health organization
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Upadhayay S, Arthur R, Soni D, Yadav P, Navik U, Singh R, Gurjeet Singh T, Kumar P. Monkeypox infection: The past, present, and future. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109382. [PMID: 36330915 PMCID: PMC9617593 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Monkeypox is a zoonotic illness caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) that has a similar etiology to smallpox. The first case of monkeypox was reported in Western and Central Africa in 1971, and in 2003, there was an outbreak of monkeypox viruses outside Africa. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), monkeypox is transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or persons exposed to infectious sores, scabs, or body fluids. Also, intimate contact between people during sex, kissing, cuddling, or touching parts of the body can result in the spreading of this disease. The use of the smallpox vaccine against monkeypox has several challenges and hence anti-virals such as cidofovir, brincidofovir, and tecovirimat have been used for the symptomatic relief of patients and reversing the lesion formation on the skin. Despite the recent outbreak of monkeypox most especially in hitherto non-endemic countries, there is still a lack of definitive treatment for monkeypox. In the present review, emphasis was focused on etiopathology, transmission, currently available therapeutic agents, and future targets that could be explored to halt the progression of monkeypox. From our review we can postulate that owing to the lack of a definitive cure to this reemerging disorder, there is a need for general awareness about the transmission as well as to develop appropriate diagnostic procedures, immunizations, and antiviral medication.
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Key Words
- monkeypox
- infection
- etiopathology
- prevention
- vaccines
- therapeutic targets
- abs, antibodies
- acip, advisory committee on immunization practices
- cdc, centers for disease control and prevention
- cev, cell-associated enveloped virus
- cfr, case fatality rate
- cpxv, cowpox virus
- drc, democratic republic of the congo
- eev, extracellular enveloped virus
- hsv, herpes simplex virus
- iev, intracellular enveloped virus
- ifn-γ, interferon
- imv, internal mature virus
- mhc, major histocompatibility complex
- mpxv, human monkeypox virus
- nk, natural killer
- opxvs, orthopoxviruses
- pcr, polymerase chain reaction
- pfu, plaque-forming units
- ppe, personal protective equipment
- prep, pre-exposure prophylaxis
- th, t-helper
- tlrs, toll-like receptors
- tnf-α, tumor necrotic factor
- vacv, vaccinia virus
- varv, smallpox virus
- varv, variola major virus
- vzv, varicella-zoster virus
- who, world health organization
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Getachew T, Balis B, Eyeberu A, Debella A, Nigussie S, Habte S, Eshetu B, Bekele H, Alemu A, Dessie Y. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant women attending antenatal care in public hospitals in eastern Ethiopia: A multi‐center facility‐based cross‐sectional study. Public Health in Practice 2022; 4:100338. [PMID: 36381560 PMCID: PMC9642041 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The Ethiopian government had planned to vaccinate the total population and started to deliver the COVID-19 vaccine but, there is limited evidence about vaccine acceptance among pregnant women. Thus, this study aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among pregnant women attending an antenatal care unit clinic in Eastern Ethiopia. Study design A facility-based cross-sectional study. Methods A study was conducted from June 01 to 30/2021 among systematically selected pregnant women. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire, which was adapted from previous studies, through a face-to-face interview. Predictors were assessed using a multivariable logistic regression model and reported using an adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI. Statistical significance was declared at p-value less than 0.05. Results In this study, data from 645 pregnant women were used in the analysis. Overall, 62.2% of pregnant women were willing to be vaccinated if the vaccine is approved by the relevant authority. Fear of side effects (62.04%), a lack of information (54.29%), and uncertainty about the vaccine's safety and efficacy (25%) were the most common reasons for refusal to take the COVID-19 vaccine. The odds of unwillingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant women were increased significantly among mothers who were able to read and write [AOR = 2.9, 95% CI: (1.16, 7.23)], attain 9-12 grade level [AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: (2.1, 8.5)], lack information [AOR = 2.2, 95% CI: (1.41, 3.57)], and having a history of chronic diseases [AOR = 2.52, 95% CI: (1.34, 4.7)]. Conclusion Less than two-thirds of pregnant women were willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Extensive public health information dissemination aimed at women with lower educational backgrounds and a history of chronic disease could be critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamirat Getachew
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Corresponding author. P.O. BOX 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
| | - Bikila Balis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Eyeberu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Adera Debella
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Shambel Nigussie
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Habte
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bajrond Eshetu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Bekele
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Alemu
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yadeta Dessie
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Bhagavathula AS, Khubchandani J. Monkeypox outbreaks and global health emergency declaration: Can such declarations influence public interest in the disease? Brain Behav Immun 2022; 106:113-114. [PMID: 35985616 PMCID: PMC9381940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula
- Center for Public Health and Technology, Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Jagdish Khubchandani
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Health, Education, and Social Transformation, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
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Taghreed M. Jawa. Logistic regression analysis for studying the impact of home quarantine on psychological health during COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Alexandria Engineering Journal 2022; 61. [ DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2022.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
During the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) period, the world witnessed a complete closure of all aspects of social life, and people must go for home quarantine to limit the spread of Corona virus disease. This study aims to use multiple logistic regression model (MLR) to identify the impact of home quarantine on psychological stability of individuals and its relationship to various factors. Maximum likelihood is used to estimate the parameters of MLR. Hosmer-Lemeshow method and Wald statistic are calculated to assess the significance of MLR. Cross sectional study was carried out and MLR was fitted to the collected data. This study applied to 846 residents of Makkah region during the COVID-19 period. High percentage of respondents felt psychological stability during the period of home quarantine. Logistic regression model showed that education level and psychological disorders during home quarantine were the significant risk factors for psychological stability during COVID-19. In addition, the positive impact of the home quarantine that people became more attention to their health, more interested to self-development and the families become close to each other. On the other hand, people on private employee or unemployed had psychological disorders more than others due to home quarantine and decrease their income.
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Bailone RL, Fukushima HCS, de Aguiar LK, Borra RC. Calcium Chloride Toxicology for Food Safety Assessment Using Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Embryos. Comp Med 2022; 72:342-348. [PMID: 36123048 PMCID: PMC9827598 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-22-000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The salt calcium chloride (CaCl₂) is widely used in industry as a food additive; levels for human consumption are regulated by international or governmental agencies. Generally, the food industry relies on toxicity studies conducted in mammals such as mice, rats, and rabbits for determining food safety. However, testing in mammals is time-consuming and expensive. Zebrafish have been used in a range of toxicological analyses and offer advantages with regard to sensitivity, time, and cost. However, information in not available with regard to whether the sensitivity of zebrafish to CaCl₂ is comparable to the concentrations of CaCl₂ used as food additives. The aim of this study was to compare the CaCl₂ tolerance of zebrafish embryos and larvae with concentrations currently approved as food additives. Acute toxicity, embryotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and neurotoxicity assays were used to determine the threshold toxic concentration of CaCl₂ in zebrafish embryos and larvae. The data showed that doses above 0.4% had toxic effects on development and on the activity of the cardiac and neuronal systems. Furthermore, all embryos exposed to 0.8 and 1.6% of CaCl₂ died after 24 hpf. These findings are consistent with the limits of CaCl₂ concentrations approved by Codex Alimentarius. Therefore, zebrafish embryos could be suitable for screening food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lacava Bailone
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil;,Department of Federal Inspection Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply of Brazil, São Carlos, Brazil;,Corresponding Author.
| | | | - Luis Kluwe de Aguiar
- Department of Food, Land and Agribusiness Management, Harper Adams University, Newport, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Carneiro Borra
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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Cheng K, Guo Q, Zhou Y, Wu H. Concern over monkeypox outbreak: What can we learn from the top 100 highly cited articles in monkeypox research? Travel Med Infect Dis 2022; 49:102371. [PMID: 35690319 PMCID: PMC9629011 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Cheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450014, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 301800, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Haiyang Wu
- Department of Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Subhojit Dawn, Shreya Shree Das, Sadhan Gope, Bishwajit Dey, Fausto-Pedro García Márquez. Global power and energy scenario during COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons from lockdown. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2022; 137. [ DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Technology is advancing progressively at a very sharp rate in every phase of the commercial and economic issues, where energy plays a vital role in hi-tech enrichment. After continuous and multi directive research, human is efficient enough to put their steps on the peak of all imaginable pitches. But a human cannot fight against the environment in all instances. COVID-19, or Corona Virus, is such a type of environmental pandemic. Due to a large spread rate of COVID-19, the human society of the entire Globe is getting affected within a very small period. During its first and second wave, it collapses maximum countries health, economic structures along with the electrical sector. Many countries have enforced the ‘lockdown’ to their citizen for minimizing the community spread rate, which directly affects the energy sector. Standing in this scenario, this study focuses on the significant effect of COVID-19 on the energy sector of the Globe, especially in India. This paper also demonstrates that how several countries are trying to secure their power sector in this pandemic situation.
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Key Words
- covid-19
- public health emergency of international concern (pheic)
- lockdown
- power sector
- energy demand
- global status
- pheic, public health emergency of international concern
- sars, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- nr, northern region of indian power sector
- wr, western region of indian power sector
- sr, southern region of indian power sector
- er, eastern region of indian power sector
- ner, north eastern region of indian power sector
- posoco, power system operation corporation limited
- iea, international energy agency
- who, world health organization
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Thacker N, Namazova-Baranova L, Mestrovic J, Carrasco-Sanz A, Vural M, Giardino I, Indrio F, Ferrara P, Pettoello-Mantovani M. Child Malnutrition during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. J Pediatr 2022; 244:257-258.e2. [PMID: 35151682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wissler Gerdes EO, Vanichkachorn G, Verdoorn BP, Hanson GJ, Joshi AY, Murad MH, Rizza SA, Hurt RT, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL. Role of senescence in the chronic health consequences of COVID-19. Transl Res 2022; 241:96-108. [PMID: 34695606 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While the full impact of COVID-19 is not yet clear, early studies have indicated that upwards of 10% of patients experience COVID-19 symptoms longer than 3 weeks, known as Long-Hauler's Syndrome or PACS (postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection). There is little known about risk factors or predictors of susceptibility for Long-Hauler's Syndrome, but older adults are at greater risk for severe outcomes and mortality from COVID-19. The pillars of aging (including cellular senescence, telomere dysfunction, impaired proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, deregulated nutrient sensing, genomic instability, progenitor cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, and epigenetic alterations) that contribute to age-related dysfunction and chronic diseases (the "Geroscience Hypothesis") may interfere with defenses against viral infection and consequences of these infections. Heightening of the low-grade inflammation that is associated with aging may generate an exaggerated response to an acute COVID-19 infection. Innate immune system dysfunction that leads to decreased senescent cell removal and/or increased senescent cell formation could contribute to accumulation of senescent cells with both aging and viral infections. These processes may contribute to increased risk for long-term COVID-19 sequelae in older or chronically ill patients. Hence, senolytics and other geroscience interventions that may prolong healthspan and alleviate chronic diseases and multimorbidity linked to fundamental aging processes might be an option for delaying, preventing, or alleviating Long-Hauler's Syndrome.
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Key Words
- ampk, amp-activated protein kinase
- covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- covid-fis, a phase 2 placebo-controlled pilot study in covid-19 of fisetin to alleviate dysfunction and excessive inflammatory response in older adults in nursing homes
- cr, caloric restriction
- fga, facility for geroscience analysis
- icu, intensive care unit
- if, intermittent fasting
- ltcf, long-term care facility
- mcc, multiple chronic conditions
- mers-cov, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- mtor, mammalian target of rapamycin
- nad+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- nmn, nicotinamide mononucleotide
- nr, nicotinamide riboside
- pacs, postacute sequalae of sars-cov-2 infection
- pamps, pathogen-associated molecular profile factors
- ros, reactive oxygen species
- sars, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- sars-cov-1, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1
- sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- sasp, senescence-associated secretory phenotype
- snf, skilled nursing facility
- tgn, translational geroscience network
- who, world health organization
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Vinicius B.F. Costa, Benedito D. Bonatto, Lígia C. Pereira, Patrícia F. Silva. Analysis of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the Brazilian distribution electricity market based on a socioeconomic regulatory model. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2021; 132. [ DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Brazilian distribution electricity market by applying a socioeconomic regulatory model called Optimized Tariff Model. The model quantifies the impact of the pandemic on the consumer’s quality of life and also on the economic performance of power distribution companies. Results indicate that both consumers and power distribution companies have been significantly affected in Brazil, especially companies that did not have access to the public policy proposed by the government, as they exhibited economic losses of more than 1 (GR$) in total. After analyzing the impact of the new coronavirus and the actions of the government in this context, an alternative mitigation measure (public policy) is proposed based on the Optimized Tariff Model and its feasibility examined. The alternative mitigation measure is also compared to the public policy proposed by the government and proved to be advantageous in some respects such as making bank loans unnecessary.
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Key Words
- covid-19 pandemic
- new coronavirus
- optimized tariff model
- public policy
- regulated electricity market
- aneel, national electricity agency
- cds, cross-domain solution
- dg, distributed generation
- eca, economic consumer added
- eva, economic value added
- ewa, economic wealth added
- fee, financial economical equilibrium
- sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- tarot, optimized tariff model
- wacc, weighted average cost of capital
- who, world health organization
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16
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Wandong Zheng, Jingfan Hu, Zhaoying Wang, Jinbo Li, Zheng Fu, Han Li, Jakub Jurasz, S.K. Chou, Jinyue Yan. COVID-19 Impact on Operation and Energy Consumption of Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Systems. Advances in Applied Energy 2021; 3. [ DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system is favourable for regulating indoor temperature, relative humidity, airflow pattern and air quality. However, HVAC systems may turn out to be the culprit of microbial contamination in enclosed spaces and deteriorate the environment due to inappropriate design and operation. In the context of COVID-19, significant transformations and new requirements are occurring in HVAC systems. Recently, several updated operational guidelines for HVAC systems have been issued by various institutions to control the airborne transmission and mitigate infection risks in enclosed environments. Challenges and innovations emerge in response to operational variations of HVAC systems. To efficiently prevent the spread of the pandemic and reduce infection risks, it is essential to have an overall understanding of impacts caused by COVID-19 on HVAC systems. Therefore, the objectives of this article are to: (a) provide a comprehensive review of the airborne transmission characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in enclosed spaces and a theoretical basis for HVAC operation guideline revision; (b) investigate HVAC-related guidelines to clarify the operational variations of HVAC systems during the pandemic; (c) analyse how operational variations of HVAC systems affect energy consumption; and (d) identify the innovations and research trends concerning future HVAC systems. Furthermore, this paper compares the energy consumption of HVAC system operation during the normal times versus pandemic period, based on a case study in China, providing a reference for other countries around the world. Results of this paper offer comprehensive insights into how to keep indoor environments safe while maintaining energy-efficient operation of HVAC systems.
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Key Words
- energy impacts of hvac systems
- covid-19 pandemic
- airborne transmission
- hvac operation guidelines
- challenges and innovations
- ahu, air handing unit
- asc, architectural society of china
- ashrae, american society of heating refrigerating and air-conditioning engineers
- car, chinese association of refrigeration
- cciaq, canadian committee on indoor air quality
- cop, coefficient of performance
- dcv, demand-controlled ventilation
- ecdc, european centre for disease prevention and control
- eeaf, electrostatic enhanced air filter
- eepf, electrostatic enhanced pleated air filters
- hepa, high efficiency particulate air
- hphe, heat pipe heat exchanger
- epa, environmental protection agency
- hvac, heating, ventilation and air-conditioning
- ishrae, indian society of heating refrigerating and air conditioning engineers
- merv, minimum efficiency reporting value
- mohurd, ministry of housing and urban-rural development of the people's republic of china
- nhc, national health commission of china
- pho, public health ontario
- rehva, federation of european heating ventilation and air conditioning associations
- sac, standardization administration of the people's republic of china
- sbs, sick building syndrome
- shase, society of heating air-conditioning and sanitary engineers in japan
- uv, ultraviolet
- uvgi, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
- who, world health organization
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17
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Attia ZI, Kapa S, Dugan J, Pereira N, Noseworthy PA, Jimenez FL, Cruz J, Carter RE, DeSimone DC, Signorino J, Halamka J, Chennaiah Gari NR, Madathala RS, Platonov PG, Gul F, Janssens SP, Narayan S, Upadhyay GA, Alenghat FJ, Lahiri MK, Dujardin K, Hermel M, Dominic P, Turk-Adawi K, Asaad N, Svensson A, Fernandez-Aviles F, Esakof DD, Bartunek J, Noheria A, Sridhar AR, Lanza GA, Cohoon K, Padmanabhan D, Pardo Gutierrez JA, Sinagra G, Merlo M, Zagari D, Rodriguez Escenaro BD, Pahlajani DB, Loncar G, Vukomanovic V, Jensen HK, Farkouh ME, Luescher TF, Su Ping CL, Peters NS, Friedman PA. Rapid Exclusion of COVID Infection With the Artificial Intelligence Electrocardiogram. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:2081-2094. [PMID: 34353468 PMCID: PMC8327278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To rapidly exclude severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection using artificial intelligence applied to the electrocardiogram (ECG). METHODS A global, volunteer consortium from 4 continents identified patients with ECGs obtained around the time of polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and age- and sex-matched controls from the same sites. Clinical characteristics, polymerase chain reaction results, and raw electrocardiographic data were collected. A convolutional neural network was trained using 26,153 ECGs (33.2% COVID positive), validated with 3826 ECGs (33.3% positive), and tested on 7870 ECGs not included in other sets (32.7% positive). Performance under different prevalence values was tested by adding control ECGs from a single high-volume site. RESULTS The area under the curve for detection of acute COVID-19 infection in the test group was 0.767 (95% CI, 0.756 to 0.778; sensitivity, 98%; specificity, 10%; positive predictive value, 37%; negative predictive value, 91%). To more accurately reflect a real-world population, 50,905 normal controls were added to adjust the COVID prevalence to approximately 5% (2657/58,555), resulting in an area under the curve of 0.780 (95% CI, 0.771 to 0.790) with a specificity of 12.1% and a negative predictive value of 99.2%. CONCLUSION Infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in electrocardiographic changes that permit the artificial intelligence-enhanced ECG to be used as a rapid screening test with a high negative predictive value (99.2%). This may permit the development of electrocardiography-based tools to rapidly screen individuals for pandemic control.
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Key Words
- ace2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- ai, artificial intelligence
- ai-ecg, artificial intelligence–enhanced electrocardiogram
- auc, area under the curve
- covid-19, coronavirus infectious disease 19
- npv, negative predictive value
- pcr, polymerase chain reaction
- ppv, positive predictive value
- redcap, research electronic data capture
- sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- who, world health organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachi I Attia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Suraj Kapa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Jennifer Dugan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Naveen Pereira
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Peter A Noseworthy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Jessica Cruz
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Rickey E Carter
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Daniel C DeSimone
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - John Signorino
- Department of Compliance, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - John Halamka
- Mayo Clinic Platform, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Pyotr G Platonov
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fahad Gul
- Division of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute, Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stefan P Janssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sanjiv Narayan
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Gaurav A Upadhyay
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Francis J Alenghat
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Marc K Lahiri
- Henry Ford Hospital, Heart and Vascular Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Karl Dujardin
- Department of Cardiology, AZ Delta Hospital, AZ Delta Campus Rumbeke, Deltalaan, Belgium
| | - Melody Hermel
- Scripps Health and the Scripps Clinic Division of Cardiology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Paari Dominic
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
| | | | | | - Anneli Svensson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Francisco Fernandez-Aviles
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Gregorio Maranon, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Darryl D Esakof
- Department of Cardiology, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA
| | | | - Amit Noheria
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS
| | - Arun R Sridhar
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Gaetano A Lanza
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Cardiology Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Kevin Cohoon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Deepak Padmanabhan
- Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department "Ospedali Riuniti" and University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Merlo
- Cardiovascular Department "Ospedali Riuniti" and University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Domenico Zagari
- Electrophysiology and Cardiac Pacing Unit, Humanitas Mater Domini Clinical Institute, Castellanza, Italy
| | | | | | - Goran Loncar
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases Dedinje (ICVDD), Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladan Vukomanovic
- University Hospital Center "Dr Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Henrik K Jensen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Nicholas S Peters
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Friedman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.
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Dianati K, Schäfer L, Milner J, Gómez-Sanabria A, Gitau H, Hale J, Langmaack H, Kiesewetter G, Muindi K, Mberu B, Zimmermann N, Michie S, Wilkinson P, Davies M. A system dynamics-based scenario analysis of residential solid waste management in Kisumu, Kenya. Sci Total Environ 2021; 777:146200. [PMCID: PMC8155395 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The problem of solid waste management presents an issue of increasing importance in many low-income settings, including the progressively urbanised context of Kenya. Kisumu County is one such setting with an estimated 500 t of waste generated per day and with less than half of it regularly collected. The open burning and natural decay of solid waste is an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and atmospheric pollutants with adverse health consequences. In this paper, we use system dynamics modelling to investigate the expected impact on GHG and PM2.5 emissions of (i) a waste-to-biogas initiative and (ii) a regulatory ban on the open burning of waste in landfill. We use life tables to estimate the impact on mortality of the reduction in PM2.5 exposure. Our results indicate that combining these two interventions can generate over 1.1 million tonnes of cumulative savings in GHG emissions by 2035, of which the largest contribution (42%) results from the biogas produced replacing unclean fuels in household cooking. Combining the two interventions is expected to reduce PM2.5 emissions from the waste and residential sectors by over 30% compared to our baseline scenario by 2035, resulting in at least around 1150 cumulative life years saved over 2021–2035. The contribution and novelty of this study lies in the quantification of a potential waste-to-biogas scenario and its environmental and health impact in Kisumu for the first time. We present a system dynamics study of solid waste management in Kisumu, Kenya. Scenarios involve a waste-to-biogas initiative and a ban on open burning in landfill. Combined scenario generates 1.1m tonnes cumulative GHG savings by 2035. Largest contribution (42%) is from biogas substituting traditional cooking fuels. Combined scenario may save 1,150 cumulative life years by 2035, plus ~220 more p.a.
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Key Words
- ad, anaerobic digestion
- bc, black carbon
- co, carbon monoxide
- cop, conference of the parties
- doc, degradable organic carbon
- eu, european union
- gbd, global burden of disease
- ghg, greenhouse gas
- gwp, global warming potential
- hdi, human development index
- ics, improved cookstove
- ihd, ischaemic heart disease
- ipcc, intergovernmental panel on climate change
- kiswamp, kisumu integrated solid waste management plan
- knbs, kenyan national bureau of statistics
- lca, life cycle assessment
- lpg, liquefied petroleum gas
- lri, lower respiratory infections
- mj, megajoule
- msw, municipal solid waste
- mswm, municipal solid waste management
- mw, megawatt
- pm, particulate matter
- sd, system dynamics
- sdg, sustainable development goals
- ssa, sub-saharan africa
- swm, solid waste management
- who, world health organization
- wte, waste-to-energy
- municipal solid waste management
- system dynamics
- greenhouse gas emissions
- ghg accounting
- health impact assessment
- kisumu
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Dianati
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering (IEDE), Bartlett, UCL, UK
| | | | - J. Milner
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), UK
| | - A. Gómez-Sanabria
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria
| | - H. Gitau
- African Population and Health Research Centre (APHRC), Kenya
| | - J. Hale
- UCL Centre for Behaviour Change (CBC), UK
| | | | - G. Kiesewetter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria
| | - K. Muindi
- African Population and Health Research Centre (APHRC), Kenya
| | - B. Mberu
- African Population and Health Research Centre (APHRC), Kenya
| | - N. Zimmermann
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering (IEDE), Bartlett, UCL, UK
| | - S. Michie
- UCL Centre for Behaviour Change (CBC), UK
| | - P. Wilkinson
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), UK
| | - M. Davies
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering (IEDE), Bartlett, UCL, UK
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19
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Yeramaneni S, Doshi P, Sands K, Cooper M, Kurbegov D, Fromell G. Famotidine Use Is Not Associated With 30-day Mortality: A Coarsened Exact Match Study in 7158 Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 From a Large Healthcare System. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:919-921.e3. [PMID: 33058865 PMCID: PMC7550093 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Yeramaneni
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, HCA Healthcare, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Pratik Doshi
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, HCA Healthcare, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kenneth Sands
- Clinical Operations Group, HCA Healthcare, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mandelin Cooper
- Clinical Operations Group, HCA Healthcare, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dax Kurbegov
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, HCA Healthcare, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gregg Fromell
- HCA Research Institute, HCA Healthcare, Nashville, Tennessee.
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20
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Ah-Pine F, Casas D, Menei P, Boisselier B, Garcion E, Rousseau A. RNA-sequencing of IDH-wild-type glioblastoma with chromothripsis identifies novel gene fusions with potential oncogenic properties. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:100884. [PMID: 33074125 PMCID: PMC7569239 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and most aggressive form of glioma. It is characterized by marked genomic instability, which suggests that chromothripsis (CT) might be involved in GBM initiation. Recently, CT has emerged as an alternative mechanism of cancer development, involving massive chromosome rearrangements in a one-step catastrophic event. The aim of the study was to detect CT in GBM and identify novel gene fusions in CT regions. One hundred and seventy IDH-wild-type GBM were screened for CT patterns using whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. RNA sequencing was performed in 52 GBM with CT features to identify gene fusions within CT regions. Forty tumors (40/52, 77%) harbored at least one gene fusion within CT regions. We identified 120 candidate gene fusions, 30 of which with potential oncogenic activities. We validated 11 gene fusions, which involved the most recurrent fusion partners (EGFR, SEPT14, VOPP1 and CPM), by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. The occurrence of CT points to underlying gene fusions in IDH-wild-type GBM. CT provides exciting new research avenues in this highly aggressive cancer.
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Key Words
- baf, b-allele frequency
- chr, chromosome
- cna, copy number alteration
- cns, central nervous system
- ct, chromothripsis
- fpkm, fragments per kilobase of exon per million fragments mapped
- gbm, glioblastoma multiform
- hd, homozygous deletion
- loh, loss of heterozygosity
- rna-seq, rna sequencing
- rt-pcr, reverse transcriptase – polymerase chain reaction
- snp, single nucleotide polymorphism
- who, world health organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Ah-Pine
- Département de Pathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, CHU Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Déborah Casas
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49100 Angers, France.
| | - Philippe Menei
- Département de Neurochirurgie, CHU Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49100 Angers, France.
| | - Blandine Boisselier
- Département de Pathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, CHU Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49100 Angers, France; CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Emmanuel Garcion
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49100 Angers, France.
| | - Audrey Rousseau
- Département de Pathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, CHU Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49100 Angers, France; CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49100 Angers, France.
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21
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Prabhu VV, Morrow S, Rahman Kawakibi A, Zhou L, Ralff M, Ray J, Jhaveri A, Ferrarini I, Lee Y, Parker C, Zhang Y, Borsuk R, Chang WI, Honeyman JN, Tavora F, Carneiro B, Raufi A, Huntington K, Carlsen L, Louie A, Safran H, Seyhan AA, Tarapore RS, Schalop L, Stogniew M, Allen JE, Oster W, El-Deiry WS. ONC201 and imipridones: Anti-cancer compounds with clinical efficacy. Neoplasia 2020; 22:725-744. [PMID: 33142238 PMCID: PMC7588802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ONC201 was originally discovered as TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL)-inducing compound TIC10. ONC201 appears to act as a selective antagonist of the G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), and as an allosteric agonist of mitochondrial protease caseinolytic protease P (ClpP). Downstream of target engagement, ONC201 activates the ATF4/CHOP-mediated integrated stress response leading to TRAIL/Death Receptor 5 (DR5) activation, inhibits oxidative phosphorylation via c-myc, and inactivates Akt/ERK signaling in tumor cells. This typically results in DR5/TRAIL-mediated apoptosis of tumor cells; however, DR5/TRAIL-independent apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, or antiproliferative effects also occur. The effects of ONC201 extend beyond bulk tumor cells to include cancer stem cells, cancer associated fibroblasts and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment that can contribute to its efficacy. ONC201 is orally administered, crosses the intact blood brain barrier, and is under evaluation in clinical trials in patients with advanced solid tumors and hematological malignancies. ONC201 has single agent clinical activity in tumor types that are enriched for DRD2 and/or ClpP expression including specific subtypes of high-grade glioma, endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, mantle cell lymphoma, and adrenal tumors. Synergy with radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immune-checkpoint agents has been identified in preclinical models and is being evaluated in clinical trials. Structure-activity relationships based on the core pharmacophore of ONC201, termed the imipridone scaffold, revealed novel potent compounds that are being developed. Imipridones represent a novel approach to therapeutically target previously undruggable GPCRs, ClpP, and innate immune pathways in oncology.
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Key Words
- 5-fu, 5-fluorouracil
- a2a, adenosine 2a receptor
- alcl, anaplastic large cell lymphoma
- all, acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- aml, acute myeloid leukemia
- ampk, amp kinase
- atrt, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor
- auc, area under the curve
- brd, bromodomain
- camp, cyclic amp
- cck18, caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18
- ck18, cytokeratin 18
- cll, chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- clpp, caseinolytic protease p
- clpx, caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase chaperone subunit x
- cml, chronic myelogenous leukemia
- crc, colorectal cancer
- csc, cancer stem cell
- ctcl, cutaneous t-cell lymphoma
- dipg, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
- dlbcl, diffuse large b-cell lymphoma
- dna-pkcs, dna-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit
- dr5, death receptor 5
- drd1, dopamine receptor d1
- drd2, dopamine receptor d2
- drd3, dopamine receptor d3
- drd4, dopamine receptor d4
- drd5, dopamine receptor d5
- dsrct, desmoplastic small round cell tumor
- ec, endometrial cancer
- egfr, epidermal growth factor receptor
- flair, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
- gbm, glioblastoma multiforme
- gdsc, genomics of drug sensitivity in cancer
- girk, g protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel
- gnrh, gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
- gpcr, g protein coupled receptor
- hcc, hepatocellular carcinoma
- ihc, immunohistochemistry
- hgg, high-grade glioma
- isr, integrated stress response
- mcl, mantle cell lymphoma
- mm, multiple myeloma
- mtd, maximum tolerated dose
- nhl, non-hodgkin’s lymphoma
- nk, natural killer
- noael, no-observed-adverse-event-level
- nsclc, non-small cell lung cancer
- os, overall survival
- oxphos, oxidative phosphorylation
- pc-pg, pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma
- pd, pharmacodynamic
- pdx, patient-derived xenograft
- pfs, progression-free survival
- pk, pharmacokinetic
- plc, phospholipase c
- rano, response assessment in neuro-oncology
- recist, response evaluation criteria in solid tumors
- rhtrail, recombinant human trail
- rp2d, recommended phase ii dose
- sar, structure–activity relationship
- sclc, small-cell lung cancer
- tic10, trail-inducing compound 10
- tmz, temozolomide
- tnbc, triple-negative breast cancer
- trail, tnf-associated apoptosis-inducing ligand
- tunel, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dutp nick end labeling
- who, world health organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Vijay Prabhu
- Oncoceutics, Inc., 3675 Market St, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sara Morrow
- Oncoceutics, Inc., 3675 Market St, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Lanlan Zhou
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Marie Ralff
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jocelyn Ray
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Aakash Jhaveri
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Isacco Ferrarini
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Young Lee
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Cassandra Parker
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Robyn Borsuk
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Wen-I Chang
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Joshua N Honeyman
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Fabio Tavora
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Benedito Carneiro
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Alexander Raufi
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Kelsey Huntington
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Lindsey Carlsen
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Anna Louie
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Howard Safran
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Attila A Seyhan
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | | | - Lee Schalop
- Oncoceutics, Inc., 3675 Market St, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Martin Stogniew
- Oncoceutics, Inc., 3675 Market St, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua E Allen
- Oncoceutics, Inc., 3675 Market St, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Wolfgang Oster
- Oncoceutics, Inc., 3675 Market St, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Room 537, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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22
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Abrams JY, Godfred-Cato SE, Oster ME, Chow EJ, Koumans EH, Bryant B, Leung JW, Belay ED. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr 2020; 226:45-54.e1. [PMID: 32768466 PMCID: PMC7403869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a more comprehensive description of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a novel syndrome linked to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, by conducting a systematic analysis of studies from different settings that used various inclusion criteria. STUDY DESIGN MIS-C studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase as well as preprint repositories and article references to identify studies of MIS-C cases published from April 25, 2020, through June 29, 2020. MIS-C study metadata were assessed and information on case demographics, clinical symptoms, laboratory measurements, treatments, and outcomes were summarized and contrasted between studies. RESULTS Eight studies were identified representing a total of 440 MIS-C cases. Inclusion criteria varied by study: 3 studies selected patients diagnosed with Kawasaki disease, 2 required cardiovascular involvement, and 3 had broader multisystem inclusion criteria. Median age of patients by study ranged from 7.3 to 10 years, and 59% of patients were male. Across all studies, the proportion of patients with positive results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction tests ranged from 13% to 69% and for serology, from 75% to 100%. Patients with MIS-C had high prevalence of gastrointestinal (87%), dermatologic/mucocutaneous (73%), and cardiovascular (71%) symptoms. Prevalence of cardiovascular, neurologic, and respiratory system involvement significantly differed by study inclusion criteria. All studies reported elevated C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and fibrinogen levels for at least 75% of patients in each study. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review of MIS-C studies assists with understanding this newly identified syndrome and may be useful in developing a refined, universal case definition of MIS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Y. Abrams
- Reprint requests: Joseph Y. Abrams, PhD, MPH, NCEZID/DHCPP, CDC Mailstop H24-12, Atlanta, GA 30333
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23
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Clase CM, Fu EL, Ashur A, Beale RCL, Clase IA, Dolovich MB, Jardine MJ, Joseph M, Kansiime G, Mann JFE, Pecoits-Filho R, Winkelmayer WC, Carrero JJ. Forgotten Technology in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Filtration Properties of Cloth and Cloth Masks-A Narrative Review. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:2204-2224. [PMID: 33012350 PMCID: PMC7834536 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Management of the global crisis of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic requires detailed appraisal of evidence to support clear, actionable, and consistent public health messaging. The use of cloth masks for general public use is being debated, and is in flux. We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and Google for articles reporting the filtration properties of flat cloth or cloth masks. We reviewed the reference lists of relevant articles to identify further articles and identified articles through social and conventional news media. We found 25 articles. Study of protection for the wearer used healthy volunteers, or used a manikin wearing a mask, with airflow to simulate different breathing rates. Studies of protection of the environment, also known as source control, used convenience samples of healthy volunteers. The design and execution of the studies was generally rigorously described. Many descriptions of cloth lacked the detail required for reproducibility; no study provided all the expected details of material, thread count, weave, and weight. Some of the homemade mask designs were reproducible. Successful masks were made of muslin at 100 threads per inch (TPI) in 3 to 4 layers (4-layer muslin or a muslin-flannel-muslin sandwich), tea towels (also known as dish towels), made using 1 layer (2 layers would be expected to be better), and good-quality cotton T-shirts in 2 layers (with a stitched edge to prevent stretching). In flat-cloth experiments, linen tea towels, 600-TPI cotton in 2 layers, and 600-TPI cotton with 90-TPI flannel performed well but 80-TPI cotton in 2 layers did not. We therefore recommend cotton or flannel at least 100 TPI, at least 2 layers. More layers, 3 or 4, will provide increased filtration but there is a trade-off in that more layers increases the resistance to breathing. Although this is not a systematic review, we included all the articles that we identified in an unbiased way. We did not include gray literature or preprints. A plain language summary of these data and recommendations, as well as information on making, wearing and cleaning cloth masks is available at www.clothmasks.ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Clase
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada; Centre of Excellence in Protective Equipment and Materials.
| | - Edouard L Fu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aurneen Ashur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Imogen A Clase
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myrna B Dolovich
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meg J Jardine
- The George Institute for Global Health and Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Meera Joseph
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Grace Kansiime
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Johannes F E Mann
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension & Rheumatology at Munich General Hospitals, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, KfH Kidney Center, Munich-Schwabing, Germany
| | - Roberto Pecoits-Filho
- DOPPS Program, Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, and School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Juan J Carrero
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Abstract
In the midst of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic and its attendant morbidity and mortality, safe and efficacious vaccines are needed that induce protective and long-lived immune responses. More than 120 vaccine candidates worldwide are in various preclinical and phase 1 to 3 clinical trials that include inactivated, live-attenuated, viral-vectored replicating and nonreplicating, protein- and peptide-based, and nucleic acid approaches. Vaccines will be necessary both for individual protection and for the safe development of population-level herd immunity. Public-private partnership collaborative efforts, such as the Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines mechanism, are key to rapidly identifying safe and effective vaccine candidates as quickly and efficiently as possible. In this article, we review the major vaccine approaches being taken and issues that must be resolved in the quest for vaccines to prevent coronavirus disease 2019. For this study, we scanned the PubMed database from 1963 to 2020 for all publications using the following search terms in various combinations: SARS, MERS, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, clinical trial, coronavirus, pandemic, and vaccine development. We also did a Web search for these same terms. In addition, we examined the World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and other public health authority websites. We excluded abstracts and all articles that were not written in English.
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Key Words
- ace2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- ade, antibody-dependent enhancement
- covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- il, interleukin
- mers, middle east respiratory syndrome
- mva, modified vaccinia virus ankara
- nih, national institutes of health
- rbd, receptor-binding domain
- s, spike
- sars, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- sars-cov, sars coronavirus
- tlr, toll-like receptor
- vlp, virus-like particle
- who, world health organization
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25
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Huang JF, Greenway MRF, Nasr DM, Chukwudelunzu FE, Demaerschalk BM, O'Carroll CB, Nord CA, Pahl EA, Barrett KM, Williams LN. Telestroke in the Time of COVID-19: The Mayo Clinic Experience. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:1704-1708. [PMID: 32753143 PMCID: PMC7293444 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic, and in the weeks following, public health organizations, medical associations, and governing bodies throughout the world recommended limiting contact with others to "flatten the curve" of COVID-19. Although both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes have been reported with COVID-19, there has been anecdotal suggestion of an overall decrease in stroke admissions. To date, the effects of any pandemic on telestroke service lines have not been described. The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis of telestroke activations in the 30 days before and after the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic is to describe the difference in case volumes of telestroke activations, the characteristics of patients, and treatment recommendations between the 2 time frames. We found a 50.0% reduction in total telestroke activations between the predeclaration group (142 patients) and the postdeclaration group (71 patients). There were no statistically significant differences in age (P=.95), sex (P=.10), diagnosis (P=.26), or regional variations (P=.08) in activation volumes. The percentage of patients for whom we recommended urgent stroke treatment with intravenous alteplase, mechanical thrombectomy, or both decreased from 44.4% (28 of 63) to 33.3% (11 of 33). The reasons for the sunstantial decrease in telestroke activations and urgent stroke treatment recommendations are likely multifactorial but nevertheless underscore the importance of continued public health measures to encourage patients and families to seek emergency medical care at the time of symptom onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deena M Nasr
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Bart M Demaerschalk
- Department of Neurology, Center for Connected Care, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | - Charisse A Nord
- Department of Neurology, Center for Connected Care, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - Emily A Pahl
- Department of Neurology, Center for Connected Care, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
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26
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Sultan S, Lim JK, Altayar O, Davitkov P, Feuerstein JD, Siddique SM, Falck-Ytter Y, El-Serag HB. AGA Rapid Recommendations for Gastrointestinal Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:739-758.e4. [PMID: 32247018 PMCID: PMC7118600 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Key Words
- aga, american gastroenterological association
- cdc, centers for disease control and prevention
- ci, confidence interval
- covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- gi, gastrointestinal
- grade, grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation
- mers-cov, middle east respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus
- or, odds ratio
- papr, powered air-purifying respirator
- ppe, personal protective equipment
- rr, risk ratio
- sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- who, world health organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Sultan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Joseph K. Lim
- Yale Liver Center and Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Osama Altayar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Perica Davitkov
- Division of Gastroenterology, Northeast Ohio Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Joseph D. Feuerstein
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shazia M. Siddique
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yngve Falck-Ytter
- Division of Gastroenterology, Northeast Ohio Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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27
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Williams J, Namazova-Baranova L, Weber M, Vural M, Mestrovic J, Carrasco-Sanz A, Breda J, Berdzuli N, Pettoello-Mantovani M. The Importance of Continuing Breastfeeding during Coronavirus Disease-2019: In Support of the World Health Organization Statement on Breastfeeding during the Pandemic. J Pediatr 2020; 223:234-236. [PMID: 32437755 PMCID: PMC7211683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Williams
- World Health Organization European Office for the Prevention and Control of the NCDs, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leyla Namazova-Baranova
- European Pediatric Association/Union of National European Pediatric Societies and Associations (EPA/UNEPSA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Weber
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mehmet Vural
- European Pediatric Association/Union of National European Pediatric Societies and Associations (EPA/UNEPSA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Julije Mestrovic
- European Pediatric Association/Union of National European Pediatric Societies and Associations (EPA/UNEPSA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Angel Carrasco-Sanz
- European Pediatric Association/Union of National European Pediatric Societies and Associations (EPA/UNEPSA), Berlin, Germany,European Confederation of Primary Care Pediatricians (ECPCP), Lyon, France
| | - Joao Breda
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nino Berdzuli
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani
- European Pediatric Association/Union of National European Pediatric Societies and Associations (EPA/UNEPSA), Berlin, Germany.
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28
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Narang K, Enninga EAL, Gunaratne MDSK, Ibirogba ER, Trad ATA, Elrefaei A, Theiler RN, Ruano R, Szymanski LM, Chakraborty R, Garovic VD. SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 During Pregnancy: A Multidisciplinary Review. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:1750-1765. [PMID: 32753148 PMCID: PMC7260486 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been associated with worse outcomes in several patient populations, including the elderly and those with chronic comorbidities. Data from previous pandemics and seasonal influenza suggest that pregnant women may be at increased risk for infection-associated morbidity and mortality. Physiologic changes in normal pregnancy and metabolic and vascular changes in high-risk pregnancies may affect the pathogenesis or exacerbate the clinical presentation of COVID-19. Specifically, SARS-CoV-2 enters the cell via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is upregulated in normal pregnancy. Upregulation of ACE2 mediates conversion of angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor) to angiotensin-(1-7) (vasodilator) and contributes to relatively low blood pressures, despite upregulation of other components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. As a result of higher ACE2 expression, pregnant women may be at elevated risk for complications from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Upon binding to ACE2, SARS-CoV-2 causes its downregulation, thus lowering angiotensin-(1-7) levels, which can mimic/worsen the vasoconstriction, inflammation, and pro-coagulopathic effects that occur in preeclampsia. Indeed, early reports suggest that, among other adverse outcomes, preeclampsia may be more common in pregnant women with COVID-19. Medical therapy, during pregnancy and breastfeeding, relies on medications with proven safety, but safety data are often missing for medications in the early stages of clinical trials. We summarize guidelines for medical/obstetric care and outline future directions for optimization of treatment and preventive strategies for pregnant patients with COVID-19 with the understanding that relevant data are limited and rapidly changing.
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Key Words
- ace2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- acog, american college of obstetricians and gynecologists
- ang, angiotensin
- ards, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- cd, cesarean delivery
- cdc, centers for disease control and prevention
- cl, cervical length
- covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- crp, c-reactive protein
- ct, computed tomography
- cvs, chorionic villus sampling
- f2f, face to face
- fda, food and drug administration
- f/u, follow-up
- ga, general anesthesia
- gbs, group b streptococcus
- hcq, hydroxychloroquine
- hcw, health care worker
- hiv, human immunodeficiency virus
- icu, intensive care unit
- il, interleukin
- iol, induction of labor
- isuog, international society of ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology
- naftnet, north american fetal therapy network
- nsaid, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
- nst, nonstress test
- ppe, personal protective equipment
- qrt-pcr, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- raas, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- rcog, royal college of obstetricians and gynaecologists
- sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- smfm, society for maternal-fetal medicine
- tmprss2, transmembrane serine protease 2
- us, ultrasonography
- vd, vaginal delivery
- who, world health organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Narang
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Elizabeth Ann L Enninga
- Division of Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Madugodaralalage D S K Gunaratne
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Eniola R Ibirogba
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Ayssa Teles A Trad
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Amro Elrefaei
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Regan N Theiler
- Obstetrics Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Rodrigo Ruano
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Linda M Szymanski
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Rana Chakraborty
- Division of Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Vesna D Garovic
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.
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29
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Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has been characterized as a "pandemic" by the World Health Organization and has resulted in 81,603 confirmed cases in China, among the 334,981 cases confirmed in 189 countries as of 09:00 am, March 24, 2020 (China central standard time). During the past 3 months, hundreds of thousands of Chinese health care workers, including interventional radiologists (IRs), have been fighting this battle against the horrifying COVID-19 disease. As IRs, what should we know and what can we do when facing this challenge? This paper shares the experience we have gone through.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Dong Zhu
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
| | - Chu-Hui Zeng
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
| | - Gao-Jun Teng
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China.
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30
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Abstract
Zika virus outbreaks have been explosive and unpredictable and have led to significant adverse health effects-as well as considerable public anxiety. Significant scientific work has resulted in multiple candidate vaccines that are now undergoing further clinical development, with several vaccines now in phase 2 clinical trials. In this review, we survey current vaccine efforts, preclinical and clinical results, and ethical and other concerns that directly bear on vaccine development. It is clear that the world needs safe and effective vaccines to protect against Zika virus infection. Whether such vaccines can be developed through to licensure and public availability absent significant financial investment by countries, and other barriers discussed within this article, remains uncertain.
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Key Words
- ade, antibody-dependent enhancement
- c, capsid
- denv, dengue virus
- e, envelope
- gbs, guillain-barré syndrome
- ifn, interferon
- irf, ifn response factor
- mrna, messenger rna
- prm, premembrane/membrane
- who, world health organization
- zikv, zika virus
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | - Inna G Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Richard B Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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31
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Barffour MA, Hinnouho GM, Kounnavong S, Wessells KR, Ratsavong K, Bounheuang B, Chanhthavong B, Sitthideth D, Sengnam K, Arnold CD, Brown KH, Hess SY. Effects of Daily Zinc, Daily Multiple Micronutrient Powder, or Therapeutic Zinc Supplementation for Diarrhea Prevention on Physical Growth, Anemia, and Micronutrient Status in Rural Laotian Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pediatr 2019; 207:80-89.e2. [PMID: 30580974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the optimal zinc supplementation strategy for improving growth and hematologic and micronutrient status in young Laotian children. STUDY DESIGN In total, 3407 children aged 6-23 months were randomized to receive either daily preventive zinc tablets (7 mg/d), high-zinc, low-iron micronutrient powder (10 mg/d zinc, 6 mg/d iron, and 13 other micronutrients), therapeutic zinc supplementation for diarrhea (20 mg/d for 10 days per episode), or daily placebo powder; all were followed for ~9 months. Anthropometry, hemoglobin, zinc, and iron status were assessed at baseline and endline. Analyses were by intention-to-treat, using linear and modified Poisson regression. RESULTS At baseline, mean (±SD) age was 14.2 ± 5.1 months and stunting and anemia prevalence were 37.9% and 55.6%, respectively. At endline, zinc deficiency in the preventive zinc (50.7%) and micronutrient powder (59.1%) groups were significantly lower than in the therapeutic zinc (79.2%) and control groups (78.6%; P < .001), with no impact on stunting (37.1%-41.3% across the groups, P = .37). The micronutrient powder reduced iron deficiency by 44%-55% compared with other groups (P < .001), with no overall impact on anemia (P = .14). Micronutrient powder tended to reduce anemia by 11%-16% among children who were anemic at baseline (P = .06). CONCLUSIONS Despite improving zinc status, preventive zinc and micronutrient powder had no impact on growth. The micronutrient powder improved iron status and tended to reduce anemia among the subset of previously anemic children. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.govNCT02428647.
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Key Words
- agp, alpha-1-glycoacid protein
- crp, c-reactive protein
- laz, length and length-for-age z scores
- muac, mid-upper arm circumference
- ors, oral rehydration salts
- rbp, retinol binding protein
- stfr, soluble transferrin receptor
- waz, weight and weight-for-age z scores
- who, world health organization
- wlz, weight-for-length z scores
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Vail B, Prentice P, Dunger DB, Hughes IA, Acerini CL, Ong KK. Age at Weaning and Infant Growth: Primary Analysis and Systematic Review. J Pediatr 2015; 167:317-24.e1. [PMID: 26073105 PMCID: PMC4520860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether earlier age at weaning (age 3-6 months) may promote faster growth during infancy. STUDY DESIGN Weaning at age 3.0-7.0 months was reported by 571 mothers of term singletons in a prospective birth cohort study conducted in Cambridge, UK. Infant weight and length were measured at birth and at age 3 months and 12 months. Anthropometric values were transformed into age- and sex-adjusted z-scores. Three linear regression models were performed, including adjustment for confounders in a stepwise manner. Measurements at age 3 months, before weaning, were used to consider reverse causality. RESULTS Almost three-quarters (72.9%) of infants were weaned before age 6 months. Age at weaning of 3.0-7.0 months was inversely associated with weight and length (but not with body mass index) at 12 months (both P ≤ .01, adjusted for maternal and demographic factors). These associations were attenuated after adjustment for type of milk feeding and weight or length at age 3 months (before weaning). Rapid weight gain between 0 and 3 months predicted subsequent earlier age at weaning (P = .01). Our systematic review identified 2 trials, both reporting null effects of age at weaning on growth, and 15 observational studies, with 10 reporting an inverse association between age at weaning and infant growth and 4 reporting evidence of reverse causality. CONCLUSION In high-income countries, weaning between 3 and 6 months appears to have a neutral effect on infant growth. Inverse associations are likely related to reverse causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan Vail
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Philippa Prentice
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David B. Dunger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ieuan A. Hughes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo L. Acerini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ken K. Ong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Reprint requests: Ken K. Ong, PhD, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Abstract
A severe viral illness caused by a newly discovered coronavirus was first reported in the Middle East in 2012. The virus has since been named the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV cases have been reported in several countries around the world in travelers from the Middle East. The illness has a high mortality rate. Limited human-to-human transmission has occurred including transmission to health care workers. The source of the virus remains unclear, but camels are a possible source. Two unrelated imported cases of MERS-CoV have been reported in the United States. Neither a vaccine nor effective therapy against the virus is available. International cooperation and information sharing will be key to understanding and ending the MERS-CoV outbreak.
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Bentsi-Enchill AD, Schmitz J, Edelman R, Durbin A, Roehrig JT, Smith PG, Hombach J, Farrar J. Long-term safety assessment of live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccines: deliberations from a WHO technical consultation. Vaccine 2013; 31:2603-9. [PMID: 23570986 PMCID: PMC5355209 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is a rapidly growing public health threat with approximately 2.5 billion people estimated to be at risk. Several vaccine candidates are at various stages of pre-clinical and clinical development. Thus far, live dengue vaccine candidates have been administered to several thousands of volunteers and were well-tolerated, with minimal short-term safety effects reported in Phase I and Phase II clinical trials. Based on the natural history of dengue, a theoretical possibility of an increased risk of severe dengue as a consequence of vaccination has been hypothesized but not yet observed. In October 2011, the World Health Organization (WHO) convened a consultation of experts in dengue, vaccine regulation and vaccine safety to review the current scientific evidence regarding safety concerns associated with live attenuated dengue vaccines and, in particular, to consider methodological approaches for their long-term evaluation. In this paper we summarize the scientific background and methodological considerations relevant to the safety assessment of these vaccines. Careful planning and a coordinated approach to safety assessment are recommended to ensure adequate long-term evaluation of dengue vaccines that will support their introduction and continued use.
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Leshem-Rubinow E, Steinvil A, Zeltser D, Berliner S, Rogowski O, Raz R, Chodick G, Shalev V. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy initiation with a reduction in hemoglobin levels in patients without renal failure. Mayo Clin Proc 2012; 87:1189-95. [PMID: 23141116 PMCID: PMC3547548 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether treatment initiated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) or an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) for patients with ischemic heart disease, hypertension, or diabetes causes a reduction in hemoglobin (Hb) levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective cohort analysis using the computerized database of a large health maintenance organization. Included were all adults with a first purchase of an ACE-I, an ARB, or a calcium channel blocker (CCB) between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2009, defined as the index date. Measures of Hb levels before and 1 year after the index date were reviewed, and the change was calculated. All the analyses were stratified by pharmaceutical class. The main exposure variables were the proportion of days covered (PDC) by these drugs and the mean enalapril dosage (for enalapril users only). RESULTS Levels of Hb before and after treatment were available for 14,754 patients taking ACE-Is, 751 taking ARBs, and 3087 taking CCBs. A high PDC was significantly associated with greater yearly reductions in Hb levels compared with a low PDC for CCB use, but was more pronounced for ACE-I and ARB use. A high PDC was also associated with a higher odds of developing anemia in ACE-I users (odds ratio [OR], 1.59; P<.001) and ARB users (OR, 2.21; P=.05). In nonanemic enalapril users, every 10-mg increment in daily dose was associated with an OR of 1.45 for the development of anemia (P<.001). The association remained after excluding nonadherent patients. CONCLUSION Levels of Hb are reduced during the first year of use of ACE-Is and to a lesser extent with use of ARBs. This association is dose dependent and is not explained by patient adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Leshem-Rubinow
- Department of Medicine D, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Teles FSRR. Biosensors and rapid diagnostic tests on the frontier between analytical and clinical chemistry for biomolecular diagnosis of dengue disease: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 687:28-42. [PMID: 21241843 PMCID: PMC7094386 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed enormous technological improvements towards the development of simple, cost-effective and accurate rapid diagnostic tests for detection and identification of infectious pathogens. Among them is dengue virus, the etiologic agent of the mosquito-borne dengue disease, one of the most important emerging infectious pathologies of nowadays. Dengue fever may cause potentially deadly hemorrhagic symptoms and is endemic in the tropical and sub-tropical world, being also a serious threat to temperate countries in the developed world. Effective diagnostics for dengue should be able to discriminate among the four antigenically related dengue serotypes and fulfill the requirements for successful decentralized (point-of-care) testing in the harsh environmental conditions found in most tropical regions. The accurate identification of circulating serotypes is crucial for the successful implementation of vector control programs based on reliable epidemiological predictions. This paper briefly summarizes the limitations of the main conventional techniques for biomolecular diagnosis of dengue disease and critically reviews some of the most relevant biosensors and rapid diagnostic tests developed, implemented and reported so far for point-of-care testing of dengue infections. The invaluable contributions of microfluidics and nanotechnology encompass the whole paper, while evaluation concerns of rapid diagnostic tests and foreseen technological improvements in this field are also overviewed for the diagnosis of dengue and other infectious and tropical diseases as well.
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Key Words
- cdc, centers for disease control
- denv1–4, dengue virus serotypes (1–4)
- ssrna, single-stranded ribonucleic acid
- orf, open-reading frame
- ns1, non-structural 1
- dhf, dengue hemorrhagic fever
- dss, dengue shock syndrome
- who, world health organization
- hi, hemagglutination-inhibition
- mac-eia, monoclonal antibody capture-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
- rt-pcr, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
- 3′-nr, 3′noncoding region
- rna, ribonucleic acid
- igg, immunoglobulin g
- igm, immunoglobulin m
- dna, deoxyribonucleic acid
- qcm, quartz-crystal microbalance
- mip, molecularly imprinted polymer
- gnp, gold nanoparticle
- sam, self-assembled monolayer
- bsa, bovine serum albumin
- spr, surface plasmon resonance
- nasba, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification
- s/n, signal-to-noise ratio
- cmos, complementary metal oxide semiconductor
- fia, flow-injection analysis
- fccs, fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy
- fcs, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
- eis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
- bst, barium strontium titanate
- fet, field-effect transistor
- pna, peptide nucleic-acid
- lod, limit of detection
- cdna, complementary dna
- tdr, special programme for research and training in tropical diseases
- undp, united nations development programme
- pdvi, pediatric dengue vaccine initiative
- stard, standards for reporting of diagnostic accuracy
- fiocruz, fundação oswaldo cruz
- dpp®, dual-path platform
- blm, bilayer lipid membrane
- qd, quantum dot
- cnt, carbon nanotube
- ms, mass spectrometry
- sars, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- biosensor
- dengue
- diagnosis
- evaluation
- rapid test
- tropical disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Sérgio Rodrigues Ribeiro Teles
- Centre for Malaria and Tropical Diseases, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Santos IS, Matijasevich A, Domingues MR, Barros AJD, Barros FCF. Long-lasting maternal depression and child growth at 4 years of age: a cohort study. J Pediatr 2010; 157:401-6. [PMID: 20400093 PMCID: PMC2937222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between sustained maternal depression at 12, 24, and 48 months post-partum and child anthropometry at age of 4 years. STUDY DESIGN A total of 99.2% of the 4287 children born in 2004 in Pelotas, Brazil, were enrolled in a cohort study. At 3, 12, 24, and 48 months, mothers were interviewed and provided information on several characteristics. Maternal depression was investigated through the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Weight-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for-height z-scores at 48 months, according to World Health Organization growth curves, were the outcomes. Multivariate analyses were conducted through logistic regression. RESULTS At the 48-month follow-up, of the 3792 children, prevalence of underweight was 1.7%; stunting, 3.6%; wasting, 0.6%; and overweight, 12.2%. Depression (EPDS>or=13) was observed in 17.9% of the 3748 mothers. Of the mothers, 4.7% were persistently depressed at the 12-, 24-, and 48-month visits. In crude analyses, maternal depression was positively associated with underweight and stunting. After adjustment, maternal depression was not associated with any of the anthropometric indices. CONCLUSION Long-lasting maternal depression at 12, 24, and 48 months post-partum is not a risk factor for impaired child growth or overweight at age of 4 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iná S Santos
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Roble GS, Lingenhol NM, Baker B, Wilkerson A, Tolwani RJ. A comprehensive laboratory animal facility pandemic response plan. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2010; 49:623-632. [PMID: 20858365 PMCID: PMC2949433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The potential of a severe influenza pandemic necessitates the development of an organized, rational plan for continued laboratory animal facility operation without compromise of the welfare of animals. A comprehensive laboratory animal program pandemic response plan was integrated into a university-wide plan. Preparation involved input from all levels of organizational hierarchy including the IACUC. Many contingencies and operational scenarios were considered based on the severity and duration of the influenza pandemic. Trigger points for systematic action steps were based on the World Health Organization's phase alert criteria. One extreme scenario requires hibernation of research operations and maintenance of reduced numbers of laboratory animal colonies for a period of up to 6 mo. This plan includes active recruitment and cross-training of volunteers for essential personnel positions, protective measures for employee and family health, logistical arrangements for delivery and storage of food and bedding, the removal of waste, and the potential for euthanasia. Strategies such as encouraging and subsidizing cryopreservation of unique strains were undertaken to protect valuable research assets and intellectual property. Elements of this plan were put into practice after escalation of the pandemic alerts due to influenza A (H1N1) in April 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon S Roble
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, New York, New York, USA.
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Abstract
New methods to identify trace amount of infectious pathogens rapidly, accurately and with high sensitivity are in constant demand to prevent epidemics and loss of lives. Early detection of these pathogens to prevent, treat and contain the spread of infections is crucial. Therefore, there is a need and urgency for sensitive, specific, accurate, easy-to-use diagnostic tests. Versatile biofunctionalized engineered nanomaterials are proving to be promising in meeting these needs in diagnosing the pathogens in food, blood and clinical samples. The unique optical and magnetic properties of the nanoscale materials have been put to use for the diagnostics. In this review, we focus on the developments of the fluorescent nanoparticles, metallic nanostructures and superparamagnetic nanoparticles for bioimaging and detection of infectious microorganisms. The various nanodiagnostic assays developed to image, detect and capture infectious virus and bacteria in solutions, food or biological samples in vitro and in vivo are presented and their relevance to developing countries is discussed.
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Key Words
- who, world health organization
- elisa, enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay
- pcr, polymerase chain reaction
- nps, nanoparticles
- qdots, quantum dots
- rsv, respiratory syncytial virus
- fitc, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- zn-dpa, zn (ii)-dipicolylamine
- hbv, hepatitis b virus
- hcv, hepatitis c virus
- qdot-b, qdot-barcodes
- hiv, human immunodeficiency virus
- fsnps, fluorescent silica nanoparticles
- fret, förster resonance energy transfer
- fam-se, (5-carboxy-fluorescein succinimidyl ester)
- rox-se, (6-carboxy-x-rhodamine, succinimidyl ester)
- r6g-se, (5-carboxyrhodamine 6g, succinimidyl ester)
- tmr-se, (carboxytetramethylrhodamine, succinimidyl ester)
- osbpy, tris (2, 2′bipyridyl) osmium bis (hexafluorophosphate)
- rubpy, tris(bipyridine) ruthenium (ii) dichloride
- fnp-iifm, fluorescent nanoparticle-based indirect immunofluorescence microscopy
- eu iii, europium
- cadpa, calcium dipicolinate
- lod, limit of detection
- sec1, staphylococcal enterotoxin c1
- ct, cholera toxin
- pa, anthrax protective agent
- ccmv, cow pea chlorotic mottle virus
- mri, magnetic resonance imaging
- spa, protein a
- gd-dota, gadolinium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid
- icp-ms, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- spr, surface plasmon resonance
- au np, gold nanoparticle
- hsv-2, herpes simplex virus type 2
- hsv-1, herpes simplex virus type 1
- rls, resonance light scattering
- ss, single stranded
- hrs, hyper-rayleigh scattering
- ds, double stranded
- tem, transmission electron microscopy
- h. pyroli, helicobacter pyroli
- sers, surface enhanced raman scattering
- smcc, succinimidyl-4-(n-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate
- bg, bacillus globigii
- ova, ovalbumin
- cfu, colony forming unit
- atp, adenosine triphosphate
- ir, infra red
- squid, superconducting quantum interference device
- mnp, magnetic nanoparticles
- maldi-ms, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
- poa, adopted pigeon ovalbumin
- mgnp, magnetic glycol nanoparticles
- spio, superparamagnetic iron oxide
- mrs, magnetic relaxation sensors
- nmr, nuclear magnetic resonance
- fluorescent nanoparticles
- multiplexing
- viral imaging
- bacterial detection
- surface plasmon resonance
- colorimetric assay
- magnetic nanosensors
- immunomagnetic separation
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmavathy Tallury
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Astha Malhotra
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Logan M Byrne
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Swadeshmukul Santra
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- Biomolecular Science Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
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Abstract
Many acute infectious pulmonary diseases have incubation periods that are long enough for travelers to have symptoms after returning home to a health-care system that is not familiar with "foreign" infections. Respiratory infections have a relatively limited repertoire of clinical manifestations, so that there is often nothing characteristic enough about a specific infection to make the diagnosis obvious. Thus, the pathway to the diagnosis of infections that are not endemic in a region relies heavily on taking a thorough history of both itinerary and of specific exposures. One important caveat is that on occasion, the history of a recent trip creates an element of "tunnel vision" in the evaluating health-care provider. It is tempting to relate a person's problem to that recent trip; however, when evaluating recent returnees, it is always important to remember that the travel may have nothing to do with the patient's presentation. Recent travel may add diagnostic considerations to the list of possibilities, but an astute clinician must not disregard the possibility that the patient's illness has nothing to do with the recent trip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Gluckman
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Medical Arts Building, Ste 102, Thirty-Eighth and Filbert Streets, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Abstract
COPD is a global health concern, and is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, it is currently the sixth leading cause of death in the world, and further increases in the prevalence and mortality of the disease is predicted for the coming decades. These increases are mainly linked to the epidemic of tobacco exposure and indoor and outdoor air pollution in Asian countries. The burden of COPD in Asia is currently greater than that in developed Western countries, both in terms of the total number of deaths and the burden of disease, as measured in years of life lost and years spent living with disability. The types of health-care policies and the practice of medicine vary considerably among the regions of Asia and have an impact on the burden of disease. Treatment aims in Asian countries are based on evidence-based management guidelines. Barriers to the implementation of disease management guidelines are related to issues of resource conflict and lack of organizational support rather than cultural differences in medical practice. To reduce this burden of COPD in Asian countries, there is a need for a multifaceted approach in improving awareness of prevalence and disease burden, in facilitating accurate diagnosis of COPD among chronic respiratory diseases, in championing health policies that reduce the burden of the main risk factors for COPD and in the wider use of evidence-based management for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan C Tan
- iCapture Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, St Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6 Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Woods
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Yip PSF, Lau EHY, Lam KF, Huggins RM. A chain multinomial model for estimating the real-time fatality rate of a disease, with an application to severe acute respiratory syndrome. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 161:700-6. [PMID: 15781959 PMCID: PMC7109660 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwi088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2004] [Accepted: 11/01/2004] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that statistics using cumulative data are insensitive to changes. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates of fatality rates are of the above type, which may not be able to reflect the latest changes in fatality due to treatment or government policy in a timely fashion. Here, the authors propose an estimate of a real-time fatality rate based on a chain multinomial model with a kernel function. It is more accurate than the WHO estimate in describing fatality, especially earlier in the course of an epidemic. The estimator provides useful information for public health policy makers for understanding the severity of the disease or evaluating the effects of treatments or policies within a shorter time period, which is critical in disease control during an outbreak. Simulation results showed that the performance of the proposed estimator is superior to that of the WHO estimator in terms of its sensitivity to changes and its timeliness in reflecting the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S F Yip
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
The Diabetes Prevention Program is a randomized clinical trial testing strategies to prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals with elevated fasting plasma glucose concentrations and impaired glucose tolerance. The 27 clinical centers in the U.S. are recruiting at least 3,000 participants of both sexes, approximately 50% of whom are minority patients and 20% of whom are > or = 65 years old, to be assigned at random to one of three intervention groups: an intensive lifestyle intervention focusing on a healthy diet and exercise and two masked medication treatment groups--metformin or placebo--combined with standard diet and exercise recommendations. Participants are being recruited during a 2 2/3-year period, and all will be followed for an additional 3 1/3 to 5 years after the close of recruitment to a common closing date in 2002. The primary outcome is the development of diabetes, diagnosed by fasting or post-challenge plasma glucose concentrations meeting the 1997 American Diabetes Association criteria. The 3,000 participants will provide 90% power to detect a 33% reduction in an expected diabetes incidence rate of at least 6.5% per year in the placebo group. Secondary outcomes include cardiovascular disease and its risk factors; changes in glycemia, beta-cell function, insulin sensitivity, obesity, diet, physical activity, and health-related quality of life; and occurrence of adverse events. A fourth treatment group--troglitazone combined with standard diet and exercise recommendations--was included initially but discontinued because of the liver toxicity of the drug. This randomized clinical trial will test the possibility of preventing or delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes in individuals at high risk.
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