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Zhang Y, Shi J, Tan C, Liu Y, Xu YJ. Oilomics: An important branch of foodomics dealing with oil science and technology. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113301. [PMID: 37803609 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Oil is one of three nutritious elements. The application of omics techniques in the field of oil science and technology is attracted increasing attention. Oilomics, which emerged as an important branch of foodomics, has been widely used in various aspects of oil science and technology. However, there are currently no articles systematically reviewing the application of oilomics. This paper aims to provide a critical overview of the advantages and value of oilomics technology compared to traditional techniques in various aspects of oil science and technology, including oil nutrition, oil processing, oil quality, safety, and traceability. Moreover, this article intends to review major issues in oilomics and give a comprehensive, critical overview of the current state of the art, future challenges and trends in oilomics, with a view to promoting the optimal application and development of oilomics technology in oil science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiachen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chinping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Reacher Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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He B, Huang Z, Huang C, Nice EC. Clinical applications of plasma proteomics and peptidomics: Towards precision medicine. Proteomics Clin Appl 2022; 16:e2100097. [PMID: 35490333 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the context of precision medicine, disease treatment requires individualized strategies based on the underlying molecular characteristics to overcome therapeutic challenges posed by heterogeneity. For this purpose, it is essential to develop new biomarkers to diagnose, stratify, or possibly prevent diseases. Plasma is an available source of biomarkers that greatly reflects the physiological and pathological conditions of the body. An increasing number of studies are focusing on proteins and peptides, including many involving the Human Proteome Project (HPP) of the Human Proteome Organization (HUPO), and proteomics and peptidomics techniques are emerging as critical tools for developing novel precision medicine preventative measures. Excitingly, the emerging plasma proteomics and peptidomics toolbox exhibits a huge potential for studying pathogenesis of diseases (e.g., COVID-19 and cancer), identifying valuable biomarkers and improving clinical management. However, the enormous complexity and wide dynamic range of plasma proteins makes plasma proteome profiling challenging. Herein, we summarize the recent advances in plasma proteomics and peptidomics with a focus on their emerging roles in COVID-19 and cancer research, aiming to emphasize the significance of plasma proteomics and peptidomics in clinical applications and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacology, and Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Zhang Q, Yue Y, Zheng R. Clusterin as a serum biomarker candidate contributes to the lung fibroblasts activation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1076-1086. [PMID: 35191419 PMCID: PMC9276345 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrosis in the peripheral airways contributes to airflow limitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the key proteins involved in its development are still poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between smoker patients with and without COPD and elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved by investigating the effects of the identified biomarker candidate on lung fibroblasts. METHODS The potential DEPs were identified by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analysis. The messenger RNA and protein levels of clusterin (CLU) in COPD patients and 12% cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-treated human bronchial epithelial cells were determined at the indicated time points. Furthermore, an in vitro COPD model was established via the administration of 8% CSE to normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs) at indicated time points. The effects of CSE treatment and CLU silencing on proliferation and activation of lung fibroblasts were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 144 DEPs were identified between COPD patients and normal smokers. The iTRAQ-based proteomics and bioinformatics analyses identified CLU as a serum biomarker candidate. We also discovered that CLU levels were significantly increased ( P < 0.0001) in Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease II, III, and IV patients and correlated ( P < 0.0001) with forced expiratory volume in 1 s ( R = -0.7705), residual volume (RV) ( R = 0.6281), RV/total lung capacity ( R = 0.5454), and computerized tomography emphysema ( R = 0.7878). Similarly, CLU levels were significantly increased in CSE-treated cells at indicated time points ( P < 0.0001). The CSE treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation, promoted the inflammatory response, differentiation of NHLFs, and collagen matrix deposition, and induced the apoptosis of NHLFs; however, these effects were partially reversed by CLU silencing. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that CLU may play significant roles during airway fibrosis in COPD by regulating lung fibroblast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110014, China
| | - Yuanyi Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110014, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110014, China
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Plebani M. “Omics” translation: a challenge for laboratory medicine. PRINCIPLES OF TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE IN MEDICINE 2021:21-32. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820493-1.00021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Coelho Graça D, Lescuyer P. Ultrahigh Performance Mass Spectrometry in Clinical Chemistry: A Taste of the Future? Clin Chem 2019; 65:943-945. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2019.305631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Didia Coelho Graça
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Lescuyer
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
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Mignani S, Huber S, Tomás H, Rodrigues J, Majoral JP. Why and how have drug discovery strategies in pharma changed? What are the new mindsets? Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:239-49. [PMID: 26376356 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the pharmaceutical industry the long-term challenge of drug innovation is the key phrase throughout R&D that refers to increasing the output of original drug candidate molecules. To increase R&D productivity, implementation of new and strategic R&D orientations to develop new approaches or systems to identify hits and leads efficiently has taken place and enabled all scientists working in the drug discovery domain to develop innovative medicines for the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Mignani
- Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 860, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, 45, rue des Saints Peres, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Scot Huber
- SCYNEXIS Inc., P.O. Box 12878, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Helena Tomás
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
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Lippi G, Favaloro EJ, Plebani M. Proteomic analysis of venous thromboembolism. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 7:275-82. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.09.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Kelly P, Paulin F, Lamont D, Baker L, Clearly S, Exon D, Thompson A. Pre-treatment plasma proteomic markers associated with survival in oesophageal cancer. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:955-61. [PMID: 22294182 PMCID: PMC3305965 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma is increasing worldwide but survival remains poor. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can improve survival, but prognostic and predictive biomarkers are required. This study built upon preclinical approaches to identify prognostic plasma proteomic markers in oesophageal cancer. Methods: Plasma samples collected before and during the treatment of oesophageal cancer and non-cancer controls were analysed by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight (SELDI-TOF) mass spectroscopy (MS). Protein peaks were identified by MS in tryptic digests of purified fractions. Associations between peak intensities obtained in the spectra and clinical endpoints (survival, disease-free survival) were tested by univariate (Fisher's exact test) and multivariate analysis (binary logistic regression). Results: Plasma protein peaks were identified that differed significantly (P<0.05, ANOVA) between the oesophageal cancer and control groups at baseline. Three peaks, confirmed as apolipoprotein A-I, serum amyloid A and transthyretin, in baseline (pre-treatment) samples were associated by univariate and multivariate analysis with disease-free survival and overall survival. Conclusion: Plasma proteins can be detected prior to treatment for oesophageal cancer that are associated with outcome and merit testing as prognostic and predictive markers of response to guide chemotherapy in oesophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kelly
- Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
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Zhang B, Cai FF, Zhong XY. An overview of biomarkers for the ovarian cancer diagnosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2011; 158:119-23. [PMID: 21632171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Even though there are a lot of options in treating gynecological malignancies, ovarian cancer still remains a leading cause of death. Diagnosis at an early stage is the most important determinant of survival. Current diagnostic tools applied at clinics have had very limited success in early detection. Discovery of new diagnostic biomarkers/panels for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer is one of the main challenges of modern medicine. With the progress of techniques in genomics and proteomics, numerous molecular biomarkers/panels were identified and showed promise for ovarian cancer diagnosis, but still need further validation. This article summarizes various types of markers investigated by different strategies/technologies for the ovarian cancer diagnosis at present, including gene-, protein-based and emerging ovarian cancer indicators (such as microRNA-, metabolite-based). Before biomarker tests are translated for routine use, more researches, such as retrospective and prospective clinical trials, are needed to evaluate the overall clinical utility of the tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Laboratory for Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Zhang B, Barekati Z, Kohler C, Radpour R, Asadollahi R, Holzgreve W, Zhong XY. Proteomics and biomarkers for ovarian cancer diagnosis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 168:910-6. [PMID: 20689132 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains a leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy. Early diagnosis is the most important determinant of survival. Current diagnostic tools have had very limited success in early detection. In recent years, the advancing techniques for proteomics have accelerated the discovery of ovarian cancer biomarkers. Numerous proteomics-based molecular biomarkers/panels have been identified and hold great potential for diagnostic applications, but they need further development and validation. This article reviews recently published data on the diagnosis of ovarian cancer with proteomics, including the major proteomics technologies and promising strategies for biomarker discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Department of Biomedicine, Women's Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Detection of oesophageal cancer biomarkers by plasma proteomic profiling of human cell line xenografts in response to chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:232-8. [PMID: 20551956 PMCID: PMC2906736 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma is increasing worldwide but survival remains poor. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may improve survival, but targeting treatment to patients who respond to chemotherapy could be improved by the availability of markers of response. This study sought proteomic markers of therapeutic response using an adenocarcinoma xenograft model. Methods: Epirubicin, cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil was administered to severe combined immune-deficient mice bearing OE19 oesophageal adenocarcinoma xenografts. Murine plasma samples from treated and untreated xenografts were analysed by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, and panels of peaks were found using class prediction models that distinguished treatment groups. Proteins in these peaks were identified by mass spectroscopy in tryptic digests of purified fractions. Five paired samples from oesophageal cancer patients before and after chemotherapy were analysed using the same methodology. Results: Plasma protein peaks were identified that differed significantly (P<0.05, ANOVA) between the treated xenograft and control groups. Marker panels predicted treated vs untreated xenografts with sensitivities of 100%, specificities of 86–100% and test efficiencies of 89–100%. Three of the proteins identified in these panels, apolipoprotein A-I, serum amyloid A and transthyretin were confirmed in the clinical samples. Conclusion: Plasma protein markers can be detected in response to chemotherapy in oesophageal adenocarcinoma xenografts and in clinical samples, and have the potential to monitor response and guide chemotherapy in oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Di Girolamo F, Alessandroni J, Somma P, Guadagni F. Pre-analytical operating procedures for serum Low Molecular Weight protein profiling. J Proteomics 2010; 73:667-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Martinez-Balibrea E, Plasencia C, Ginés A, Martinez-Cardús A, Musulén E, Aguilera R, Manzano JL, Neamati N, Abad A. A proteomic approach links decreased pyruvate kinase M2 expression to oxaliplatin resistance in patients with colorectal cancer and in human cell lines. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:771-8. [PMID: 19372549 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to gain further understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer by using a proteomic approach. A 5-fold oxaliplatin-resistant cell line, HTOXAR3, was compared with its parental cell line, HT29, using two-dimensional PAGE. Mass spectrometry, Western blot, and real-time quantitative PCR confirmed the down-regulation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PK-M2) in HTOXAR3 cells. In a panel of eight colorectal cancer cell lines, we found a negative correlation between oxaliplatin resistance and PK-M2 mRNA levels (Spearman r=-0.846, P=0.008). Oxaliplatin exposure in both HT29 and HTOXAR3 led to PK-M2 mRNA up-regulation. PK-M2 mRNA levels were measured by real-time quantitative PCR in 41 tumors treated with oxaliplatin/5-fluorouracil. Tumors with the lowest PK-M2 levels attained the lowest response rates (20% versus 64.5%, P=0.026). High PK-M2 levels were associated with high p53 levels (P=0.032). In conclusion, the data provided clearly link PK-M2 expression and oxaliplatin resistance mechanisms and further implicate PK-M2 as a predictive marker of response in patients with oxaliplatin-treated colorectal cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Blotting, Western
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Colorectal Neoplasms/enzymology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/physiology
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Organoplatinum Compounds/therapeutic use
- Oxaliplatin
- Proteomics
- Pyruvate Kinase/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Tissue Array Analysis
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Martinez-Balibrea
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Catala Oncologia, Badalona 08916, Barcelona, Spain
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Infections and autoimmune thyroid diseases: Parallel detection of antibodies against pathogens with proteomic technology. Autoimmun Rev 2008; 8:112-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2008.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Lee CJ, Ariztia EV, Fishman DA. Conventional and Proteomic Technologies for the Detection of Early Stage Malignancies: Markers for Ovarian Cancer. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2008; 44:87-114. [PMID: 17175521 DOI: 10.1080/10408360600778885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the tumor microenvironment continues to evolve and allows for the identification of biomarkers that should detect the presence of early stage malignancies. Recent advances in computational analysis and biomedical technologies have come together to elucidate signatures associated with cancer and that are capable of identifying unique tumor-specific proteins. Within the tumor microenvironment, we continue to characterize the proteophysiology of the different steps associated with tumor progression. The urgent need for biomarkers accurately detecting early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer has prompted us, and others, to engage in a search for specific peptide signatures that may discriminate transformed cells from those of the normal ovarian microenvironment. This endeavor also provides new insights into the biology of the disease, which may not only be applicable to detection but may also help to initiate new therapies and optimize patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Plebani M, Pittoni M, Celadin M, Bernardi D, Mion MM. Recent advances in diagnostic technologies for autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2008; 8:238-43. [PMID: 18718878 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2008.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of autoimmunity provides an interest challenge in "omics" research and, particularly, proteome research, as autoimmune diseases are common disorders of unsolved etiology that occur in a wide range of manifestations, in all of which tissues and organs are attacked by the body's own immune system. Autoantibodies are a hallmark of many autoimmune diseases and the presence of autoantibodies is a distinctive and key characteristic of autoimmune diseases. Conventionally, the study of autoimmune response has always been conducted by analysing the presence and/or concentration of individual antibodies in biological fluids. New proteomic techniques allow the simultaneous identification/measurement of different autoantibodies in sera of patients suffering from autoimmune diseases. The possibility of simultaneously measuring a number of correlated analytes appears to be very interesting for analytical reasons (reduced volumes of biological samples, reagents and low costs), logistical/managerial reasons, and pathophysiological reasons (combination of markers in disease-oriented or organ-oriented profiling). In particular, we describe data collected by using high-throughput techniques such as antigen microarrays and mass spectrometry for antibody profiling. While recently collected data demonstrate satisfactory analytical sensitivity and reproducibility, some issues such as standardization and data interpretation have to be solved before the introduction of these new and promising techniques into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Plebani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Italy.
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Plebani M. The changing scenario in laboratory medicine and the role of laboratory professionals in translational medicine. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 393:23-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Guidi GC, Lippi G, Plebani M. The holistic approach to teach laboratory medicine. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 393:51-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Plebani M, Zaninotto M, Mion MM. Requirements of a Good Biomarker: Translation into the Clinical Laboratory. Clin Proteomics 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527622153.ch33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Merrick BA. Toxicoproteomics: Correlating Tissue and Serum Proteomics in Liver Injury. Clin Proteomics 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527622153.ch24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Hundt S, Haug U, Brenner H. Blood markers for early detection of colorectal cancer: a systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 16:1935-53. [PMID: 17932341 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite different available methods for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and their proven benefits, morbidity, and mortality of this malignancy are still high, partly due to low compliance with screening. Minimally invasive tests based on the analysis of blood specimens may overcome this problem. The purpose of this review was to give an overview of published studies on blood markers aimed at the early detection of CRC and to summarize their performance characteristics. METHOD The PUBMED database was searched for relevant studies published until June 2006. Only studies with more than 20 cases and more than 20 controls were included. Information on the markers under study, on the underlying study populations, and on performance characteristics was extracted. Special attention was given to performance characteristics by tumor stage. RESULTS Overall, 93 studies evaluating 70 different markers were included. Most studies were done on protein markers, but DNA markers and RNA markers were also investigated. Performance characteristics varied widely between different markers, but also between different studies using the same marker. Promising results were reported for some novel assays, e.g., assays based on SELDI-TOF MS or MALDI-TOF MS, for some proteins (e.g., soluble CD26 and bone sialoprotein) and also for some genetic assays (e.g., L6 mRNA), but evidence thus far is restricted to single studies with limited sample size and without further external validation. CONCLUSIONS Larger prospective studies using study populations representing a screening population are needed to verify promising results. In addition, future studies should pay increased attention to the potential of detecting precursor lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Hundt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Bergheimer Strasse 20, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Silva J, López-Farré AJ, Mateos-Cáceres PJ, González A, Maroto L, Macaya C, Rodríguez E. Proteomic pattern of plasma in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 46:1074-84. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2008.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Banfi G, Salvagno GL, Lippi G. The role of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as in vitro anticoagulant for diagnostic purposes. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007; 45:565-76. [PMID: 17484616 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2007.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Anticoagulants are used to prevent clot formation both in vitro and in vivo. In the specific field of in vitro diagnostics, anticoagulants are commonly added to collection tubes either to maintain blood in the fluid state for hematological testing or to obtain suitable plasma for coagulation and clinical chemistry analyses. Unfortunately, no universal anticoagulant that could be used for evaluation of several laboratory parameters in a sample from a single test tube is available so far. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a polyprotic acid containing four carboxylic acid groups and two amine groups with lone-pair electrons that chelate calcium and several other metal ions. Calcium is necessary for a wide range of enzyme reactions of the coagulation cascade and its removal irreversibly prevents blood clotting within the collection tube. Historically, EDTA has been recommended as the anticoagulant of choice for hematological testing because it allows the best preservation of cellular components and morphology of blood cells. The remarkable expansion in laboratory test volume and complexity over recent decades has amplified the potential spectrum of applications for this anticoagulant, which can be used to stabilize blood for a variety of traditional and innovative tests. Specific data on the behavior of EDTA as an anticoagulant in hematology, including possible pitfalls, are presented. The use of EDTA for measuring cytokines, protein and peptides, and cardiac markers is described, with an outline of the protection of labile molecules provided by this anticoagulant. The use of EDTA in proteomics and in general clinical chemistry is also described in comparison with other anticoagulants and with serum samples. Finally, the possible uses of alternative anticoagulants instead of EDTA and the potential use of a universal anticoagulant are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Galeazzi and Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
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Din S, Lennon AM, Arnott ID, Hupp T, Satsangi J. Technology insight: the application of proteomics in gastrointestinal disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 4:372-85. [PMID: 17607293 DOI: 10.1038/ncpgasthep0872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the human genome has increased our knowledge of the genes that are associated with disease. At the same time, however, it has become clear that having complete DNA sequences alone is not sufficient to elucidate the biological functions of the proteins that they encode. For this reason, proteomics-the analysis of proteins-has become increasingly attractive, because the proteome reflects both the intrinsic genetic programming of a cell and the impact of its immediate environment. The principal goals of clinical proteomics are to identify biomarkers for the early diagnosis of disease and potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Other goals include the identification of biomarkers for the early detection of disease recurrence (relapse) and how they might be combined with diagnostic imaging techniques to improve the sensitivity for detecting disease. This Review describes conventional proteomic technologies, their strengths and limitations, and demonstrates their application to clinical practice, with specific reference to their use in the gastroenterology field.
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Caballero-Villarraso J, Márquez-Calderón S, Villegas-Portero R. Aplicaciones de las técnicas proteómicas en medicina asistencial: situación actual y perspectivas. Rev Clin Esp 2007; 207:344-7. [PMID: 17662200 DOI: 10.1157/13107947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Study of the human proteome has given rise to the appearance of abundant and increasing scientific literature. This has resulted in the proposal to use proteomic techniques in the management of some diseases and the suggestion of its future use in clinical laboratories. In order to identify which proteomic techniques are being used or may be used in the near future in the clinical practice, a survey was made to experts in proteomics and the bibliometric study was done. Concordance between this study and a survey was observed. However, in general, standardized uses of proteomic techniques in the current clinical practice were not found. In regards to possible applications in the short-middle term, the experts have different opinions, from those who mention specific techniques (coinciding with the most repeated aspects of the bibliometric study) to those who think that its use in a near future is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Caballero-Villarraso
- Agencia de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias de Andalucía, Consejería de Salud, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
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Zhao S, Qiao J, Li M, Zhang X, Yu J, Li R. Discovery of distinct protein profiles for polycystic ovary syndrome with and without insulin resistance by surface-enhanced laser adsorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Fertil Steril 2007; 88:145-51. [PMID: 17562338 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.11.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Revised: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen the serum protein expression profiles in patients having polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with or without insulin resistance (IR) and search for discriminatory proteins. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Reproductive Center of Peking University Third Hospital. PATIENT(S) Thirty patients with PCOS with IR, 30 patients with PCOS without IR, and 30 control individuals. INTERVENTION(S) Fasting serum samples. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Serum protein peak spectrum. RESULT(S) There were 27 differential protein peaks between patients with PCOS and IR and controls, 17 between patients with PCOS without IR and controls, and 19 between patients with PCOS and IR and patients without IR. Marker proteins from differentially expressed proteins were screened out with use of a support vector machine and were used to establish three diagnostic models for PCOS IR, PCOS non-IR, and IR, respectively. CONCLUSION(S) There were statistically significantly different serum proteomic patterns in different types of PCOS. With use of ProteinChip combined with the support vector machine, computer diagnostic models for PCOS with and without IR were set up quickly and efficiently. These discriminatory proteins may help us understand the proteomic changes in serum and find out potential biomarkers of PCOS and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Hortin GL. A New Era in Protein Quantification in Clinical Laboratories: Application of Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Clin Chem 2007; 53:543-4. [PMID: 17405946 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2006.083857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Alpantaki K, Tsiridis E, Pape HC, Giannoudis PV. Application of clinical proteomics in diagnosis and management of trauma patients. Injury 2007; 38:263-71. [PMID: 17291504 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2006.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Revised: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Poly-trauma remains a medical entity with major implications, for patient's morbidity, mortality and healthcare economics. Advances in molecular medicine have improved diagnostic techniques in detecting devastating complication after major trauma. Patients at high risk of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) or adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), could be identified early, monitored and treated. Proteomics is the systematic evaluation of proteins produced by the cell under normal or pathological circumstances. Investigating protein production will allow us to identify and modify disease natural history and treatment. In this review, we summarise the proteomic methods currently applied in trauma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Alpantaki
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Wing, Floor A, Leeds, General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds, UK
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Le Moguen K, Lincet H, Deslandes E, Hubert-Roux M, Lange C, Poulain L, Gauduchon P, Baudin B. Comparative proteomic analysis of cisplatin sensitive IGROV1 ovarian carcinoma cell line and its resistant counterpart IGROV1-R10. Proteomics 2006; 6:5183-92. [PMID: 16941573 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality due to gynaecological cancer. Despite a good response to surgery and initial chemotherapy essentially based on cisplatin (cis-diamino-dichloro-platinum(II) (CDDP)) compounds, late tumour detection and frequent recurrences with chemoresistance acquisition are responsible for poor prognosis. Several mechanisms have been implicated in CDDP resistance but they are not sufficient to exhaustively explain this resistance emergence. We applied a proteomic approach based on 2-DE coupled with MS to identify proteins associated with the chemoresistance process. We first established a proteomic pattern of the CDDP sensitive ovarian cell line IGROV1 using MALDI-TOF-MS and PMF. We then compared this 2-D pattern with that of the CDDP-resistant counterpart IGROV1-R10. Among the 40 proteins identified, cytokeratins 8 and 18 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 were overexpressed in IGROV1-R10, whereas annexin IV was down-regulated. These observations have been confirmed by Western blotting. The characterization of such variations could lead to the development of new protein markers or to the establishment of new therapeutic strategies. Moreover, the identification of proteins involved in CDDP resistance in ovarian tumours would be useful in completing our understanding on this complex mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Y White
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Plebani M, Laposata M. Translational Research Involving New Biomarkers of Disease. Am J Clin Pathol 2006. [DOI: 10.1309/5ghy0vcwbuy58efx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Ciordia S, de Los Ríos V, Albar JP. Contributions of advanced proteomics technologies to cancer diagnosis. Clin Transl Oncol 2006; 8:566-80. [PMID: 16952845 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-006-0062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of Medicine to effectively treat and cure cancer is directly dependent on their capability to detect cancers at their earliest stages. The advent of proteomics has brought with it the hope of discovering novel biomarkers in the early phases of tumorigenesis that can be used to diagnose diseases, predict susceptibility, and monitor progression. This discipline incorporates technologies that can be applied to complex biosystems such as serum and tissue in order to characterize the content of, and changes in, the proteome induced by physiological changes, benign or pathologic. These tools include 2-DE, 2D-DIGE, ICAT, protein arrays, MudPIT and mass spectrometries including SELDI-TOF. The application of these tools has assisted to uncover molecular mechanisms associated with cancer at the global level and may lead to new diagnostic tests and improvements in therapeutics. In this review these approaches are evaluated in the context of their contribution to cancer biomarker discovery. Particular attention is paid to the promising contribution of the ProteinChip/SELDI-TOF platform as a revolutionary approach in proteomic patterns analysis that can be applied at the bedside for discovering protein profiles that distinguish disease and disease-free states with high sensitivity and specificity. Understanding the basic concepts and tools used will illustrate how best to apply these technologies for patient benefit for the early cancer detection and improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ciordia
- Proteomics Facility, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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Salimullah M, Mori M, Nishigaki K. High-throughput three-dimensional gel electrophoresis for versatile utilities: a stacked slice-gel system for separation and reactions (4SR). GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2006; 4:26-33. [PMID: 16689699 PMCID: PMC5054028 DOI: 10.1016/s1672-0229(06)60013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A novel high-throughput system, called the stacked slice-gel system for separation and reactions (4SR), was developed for the analysis of DNA/RNA and protein/peptide. The system provides a novel three-dimensional gel electrophoresis approach that exploits the property of stacked slice gels. It allows multiple samples simultaneously to react as well as to be separated, offering a two-dimensional (m × n) sample loading system. For this purpose, high-throughput multi-micro vessels (MMVs) containing variable numbers of wells (100 wells in this paper) have been used, which are made of 25 mm square-size polyacrylamide gels. Furthermore, after electrophoretic separation, a slice gel containing a desired sample can be easily removed and proceeded to the next step. Different biological reactions as well as successive separation of products were effectively carried out dealing with DNA/RNA and protein/peptide. It shows that this system has a diversity of potentials to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Salimullah
- Department of Functional Materials Science, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Functional Materials Science, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Koichi Nishigaki
- Department of Functional Materials Science, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Rational Evolutionary Design of Advanced Biomolecules (REDS) Group, Saitama Small Enterprise Promotion Corporation, SKIP City, Kawaguchi 333-0844, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and the related technique, surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI)-TOF MS, are being applied widely to analyze serum or plasma specimens for potential disease markers. METHODS Reports on the basic principles and applications of MALDI-TOF MS were reviewed and related to information on abundance and masses of major plasma proteins. OUTCOMES MALDI-TOF MS is a particle-counting method that responds to molar abundance, and ranking of plasma proteins by molar abundance increases the rank of small proteins relative to traditional ranking by mass abundance. Detectors for MALDI-TOF MS augment the bias for detecting smaller components by yielding stronger signals for an equivalent number of small vs large ions. Consequently, MALDI-TOF MS is a powerful tool for surveying small proteins and peptides comprising the peptidome or fragmentome, opening this new realm for analysis. It is complementary to techniques such as electrophoresis and HPLC, which have a bias for detecting larger molecules. Virtually all of the potential markers identified by MALDI-TOF MS to date represent forms of the most abundant plasma proteins. CONCLUSIONS Analyses of serum or plasma by MALDI-TOF MS provide new information mainly about small proteins and peptides with high molar abundance. The spectrum of observed proteins and peptides suggests value for applications such as assessment of cardiovascular risk, nutritional status, liver injury, kidney failure, and systemic immune responses rather than early detection of cancer. Extending analysis by MALDI-TOF MS to lower abundance components, such as markers for early-stage cancers, probably will require more extensive specimen fractionation before analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen L Hortin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10, Room 2C-407, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Bons JAP, de Boer D, van Dieijen-Visser MP, Wodzig WKWH. Standardization of calibration and quality control using surface enhanced laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 366:249-56. [PMID: 16332361 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2005] [Accepted: 10/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein profiling by surface enhanced laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) is gaining importance as a diagnostic tool for a whole range of diseases. This report describes a QC procedure, which acts prospectively by checking the calibration before starting profiling experiments. METHODS A well-defined protocol for calibration of the Protein Biosystem IIc instrument was established, using a commercial QC sample containing independent certified standards and by determination of acceptance criteria. Instrument calibration was performed externally every week with the standards provided by the manufacturer. QC was performed for the period of 5 months. RESULTS According to the acceptance criteria defined in this study, data points should be in the established range of the process mean+/-2 standard deviations for the mass-to-charge ratios (m/z values), peak intensities, signal-to-noise ratios (S/N), and peak resolutions for insulin and apomyoglobin in the QC sample. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the pipetting variability in the handling of the QC sample significantly contributed to systematic errors and that spotting of a larger volume of QC sample resulted in a better reproducibility. CONCLUSIONS Stringent quality control of the calibration part of SELDI-TOF-MS experiments prevents unreliable data acquisition from the very start.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A P Bons
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Maastricht, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Kroczak TJ, Baran J, Pryjma J, Siedlar M, Reshedi I, Hernandez E, Alberti E, Maddika S, Los M. The emerging importance of DNA mapping and other comprehensive screening techniques, as tools to identify new drug targets and as a means of (cancer) therapy personalisation. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2006; 10:289-302. [PMID: 16548777 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.10.2.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Every human being is genetically unique and this individuality is not only marked by morphologic and physical characteristics but also by an individual's response to a particular drug. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are largely responsible for one's individuality. A drug may be ineffective in one patient, whereas the exact same drug may cure another patient. Recent advances in DNA mapping and other screening technologies have provided researchers and drug developers with crucial information needed to create drugs that are specific for a given individual. In the future, physicians will be able to prescribe individualised drugs adjusted to, for example, activities of specific enzymatic pathways that would either be targeted by these drugs, or would be responsible for drug conversion or inactivation. Furthermore, the mapping of the human genome allows broader development and application of drugs that act on the level of gene transcription rather than as simple biochemical inhibitors or activators of certain enzymes. Such new approaches will maximise desired therapeutic results and may completely eliminate severe side effects. To illustrate the potential of genetic translational research, the authors discuss available analytical methodologies such as; gene arrays, flow cytometry-based screening for SNPs, proteomics, metabolomics, real-time PCR, and other methods capable of detecting both SNPs, as well as more profound changes in cell metabolism. Finally, the authors provide several examples that focus mostly on targeting protein-DNA interactions, but also other processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz J Kroczak
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology (MICB), 675 McDermot Avenue, Rm. ON6010, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0V9, Canada
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