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Shi T, Sun M, Tuerhong S, Li M, Wang J, Wang Y, Zheng Q, Zou L, Lu C, Sun Z, Zou Z, Shao J, Du J, Li R, Liu B, Meng F. Acidity-targeting transition-aided universal chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (ATT-CAR-T) therapy for the treatment of solid tumors. Biomaterials 2024; 309:122607. [PMID: 38759487 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The use of CAR-T cells in treating solid tumors frequently faces significant challenges, mainly due to the heterogeneity of tumor antigens. This study assessed the efficacy of an acidity-targeting transition-aided universal chimeric antigen receptor T (ATT-CAR-T) cell strategy, which is facilitated by an acidity-targeted transition. Specifically, the EGFRvIII peptide was attached to the N-terminus of a pH-low insertion peptide. Triggered by the acidic conditions of the tumor microenvironment, this peptide alters its structure and selectively integrates into the membrane of solid tumor cells. The acidity-targeted transition component effectively relocated the EGFRvIII peptide across various tumor cell membranes; thus, allowing the direct destruction of these cells by EGFRvIII-specific CAR-T cells. This method was efficient even when endogenous antigens were absent. In vivo tests showed marked antigen modification within the acidic tumor microenvironment using this component. Integrating this component with CAR-T cell therapy showed high effectiveness in combating solid tumors. These results highlight the capability of ATT-CAR-T cell therapy to address the challenges presented by tumor heterogeneity and expand the utility of CAR-T cell therapy in the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mengna Sun
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Subiyinuer Tuerhong
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mengru Li
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yingxin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qinghua Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lu Zou
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Changchang Lu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zhichen Sun
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhengyun Zou
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jie Shao
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Rutian Li
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Baorui Liu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Fanyan Meng
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Zheng L, Wang H, Zhou J, Shi G, Ma J, Jiang Y, Dong Z, Li J, He YQ, Wu D, Sun J, Xu C, Li Z, Wang J. Off-the-shelf CAR-NK cells targeting immunogenic cell death marker ERp57 execute robust antitumor activity and have a synergistic effect with ICD inducer oxaliplatin. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008888. [PMID: 38964787 PMCID: PMC11227840 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-008888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor natural killer (CAR-NK) therapy holds great promise for treating hematologic tumors, but its efficacy in solid tumors is limited owing to the lack of suitable targets and poor infiltration of engineered NK cells. Here, we explore whether immunogenic cell death (ICD) marker ERp57 translocated from endoplasmic reticulum to cell surface after drug treatment could be used as a target for CAR-NK therapy. METHODS To target ERp57, a VHH phage display library was used for screening ERp57-targeted nanobodies (Nbs). A candidate Nb with high binding affinity to both human and mouse ERp57 was used for constructing CAR-NK cells. Various in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to assess the antitumor efficacy of the constructed CAR-NK cells. RESULTS We demonstrate that the translocation of ERp57 can not only be induced by low-dose oxaliplatin (OXP) treatment but also is spontaneously expressed on the surface of various types of tumor cell lines. Our results show that G6-CAR-NK92 cells can effectively kill various tumor cell lines in vitro on which ERp57 is induced or intrinsically expressed, and also exhibit potent antitumor effects in cancer cell-derived xenograft and patient-derived xenograft mouse models. Additionally, the antitumor activity of G6-CAR-NK92 cells is synergistically enhanced by the low-dose ICD-inducible drug OXP. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings suggest that ERp57 can be leveraged as a new tumor antigen for CAR-NK targeting, and the resultant CAR-NK cells have the potential to be applied as a broad-spectrum immune cell therapy for various cancers by combining with ICD inducer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhai Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jihao Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangwei Shi
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery & Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingbo Ma
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuke Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyu Dong
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiexuan Li
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan-Qiao He
- Center of Laboratory Animal Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Evaluation and Transformation of Jiangxi Province Nanchang Royo Biotech Co,. Ltd, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dinglan Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Clinical Innovation and Research Centre (CIRC), Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jichao Sun
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengchao Xu
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Chronic Diseases, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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Zuo M, Cao Y, Yang Y, Zheng G, Li D, Shao H, Ma Q, Song P, An C, Li W. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy plus camrelizumab and apatinib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Int 2024:10.1007/s12072-024-10690-6. [PMID: 38961006 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-024-10690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is limited information on combination of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) and systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (Ad-HCC). We aim to compare the efficacy and safety of HAIC plus camrelizumab (a PD-1 inhibitor) and apatinib (an VEGFR-2 inhibitor) versus camrelizumab and apatinib for Ad-HCC. METHODS From April 2019 to October 2022, 416 patients with Ad-HCC who received either HAIC plus camrelizumab and apatinib (TRIPLET protocol, n = 207) or camrelizumab and apatinib (C-A protocol, n = 209) were reviewed retrospectively. The propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce selective bias. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test. Cox regression analyses of independent prognostic factors were evaluated. RESULTS After PSM 1:1, 109 patients were assigned to two groups. The median OS of not reached in the TRIPLET group was significantly longer than that of 19.9 months in the C-A group (p < 0.001), while in the TRIPLET group, the median PFS of 11.5 months was significantly longer than that of 9.6 months in the C-A group (p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that the factors significantly affected the OS were CTP grade, tumor number > 3, and TRIPLET treatment (p < 0.001). Grade 3/4 adverse events occurred at a rate of 82.1% vs. 71.3% in TRIPLET and C-A groups, respectively. CONCLUSION The TRIPLET protocol has promising survival benefits in the management of patients with Ad-HCC, with acceptable safety. TRAIL REGISTRATION The study has been retrospectively registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( https://www.chictr.org.cn/ , ChiCTR2300075828).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxuan Zuo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhe Cao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanglei Zheng
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Shao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyun Ma
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- The Second Medical and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao An
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Rupp BT, Cook CD, Purcell EA, Pop M, Radomski AE, Mesyngier N, Bailey RC, Nagrath S. CellMag-CARWash: A High Throughput Droplet Microfluidic Device for Live Cell Isolation and Single Cell Applications. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2400066. [PMID: 38741244 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The recent push toward understanding an individual cell's behavior and identifying cellular heterogeneity has created an unmet need for technologies that can probe live cells at the single-cell level. Cells within a population are known to exhibit heterogeneous responses to environmental cues. These differences can lead to varied cellular states, behavior, and responses to therapeutics. Techniques are needed that are not only capable of processing and analyzing cellular populations at the single cell level, but also have the ability to isolate specific cell populations from a complex sample at high throughputs. The new CellMag-Coalesce-Attract-Resegment Wash (CellMag-CARWash) system combines positive magnetic selection with droplet microfluidic devices to isolate cells of interest from a mixture with >93% purity and incorporate treatments within individual droplets to observe single cell biological responses. This workflow is shown to be capable of probing the single cell extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion of MCF7 GFP cells. This article reports the first measurement of β-Estradiol's effect on EV secretion from MCF7 cells at the single cell level. Single cell processing revealed that MCF7 GFP cells possess a heterogeneous response to β-Estradiol stimulation with a 1.8-fold increase relative to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany T Rupp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Claire D Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Emma A Purcell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Matei Pop
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Abigail E Radomski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nicolas Mesyngier
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ryan C Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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5
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Zhou Y, Han W, Feng Y, Wang Y, Sun T, Xu J. Microbial metabolites affect tumor progression, immunity and therapy prediction by reshaping the tumor microenvironment (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 65:73. [PMID: 38847233 PMCID: PMC11173369 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that the gut microbiome and tumor microbiota may affect tumors. Emerging metabolomics research illustrates the need to examine the variations in microbial metabolite composition between patients with cancer and healthy individuals. Microbial metabolites can impact the progression of tumors and the immune response by influencing a number of mechanisms, including modulation of the immune system, cancer or immune‑related signaling pathways, epigenetic modification of proteins and DNA damage. Microbial metabolites can also alleviate side effects and drug resistance during chemotherapy and immunotherapy, while effectively activating the immune system to exert tumor immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the impact of microbial metabolites on tumor immunity can be both beneficial and harmful, potentially influenced by the concentration of the metabolites or the specific cancer type. The present review summarizes the roles of various microbial metabolites in different solid tumors, alongside their influence on tumor immunity and treatment. Additionally, clinical trials evaluating the therapeutic effects of microbial metabolites or related microbes on patients with cancer have been listed. In summary, studying microbial metabolites, which play a crucial role in the interaction between the microbiota and tumors, could lead to the identification of new supplementary treatments for cancer. This has the potential to improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment and enhance patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhou
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Han
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Breast Cancer Research, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Breast Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Junnan Xu
- Department of Breast Medicine 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
- Department of Breast Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
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Hao M, Zhou Y, Chen S, Jin Y, Li X, Xue L, Shen M, Li W, Zhang C. Spatiotemporally Controlled T-Cell Combination Therapy for Solid Tumor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401100. [PMID: 38634209 PMCID: PMC11220647 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Due to multidimensional complexity of solid tumor, development of rational T-cell combinations and corresponding formulations is still challenging. Herein, a triple combination of T cells are developed with Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitors (IDOi) and Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i). To maximize synergism, a spatiotemporally controlled T-cell engineering technology to formulate triple drugs into one cell therapeutic, is established. Specifically, a sequentially responsive core-shell nanoparticle (SRN) encapsulating IDOi and CDK4/6i is anchored onto T cells. The yielded SRN-T cells migrated into solid tumor, and achieved a 1st release of IDOi in acidic tumor microenvironment (TME). Released IDOi restored tryptophan supply in TME, which activated effector T cells and inhibited Tregs. Meanwhile, 1st released core is internalized by tumor cells and degraded by glutathione (GSH), to realize a 2nd release of CDK4/6i, which induced up-regulated expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), and thus significantly increased tumor infiltration of T cells. Together, with an enhanced recruitment and activation, T cells significantly suppressed tumor growth, and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice. This study demonstrated rationality and superiority of a tri-drug combination mediated by spatiotemporally controlled cell-engineering technology, which provides a new treatment regimen for solid tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixi Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesCenter of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and BiomaterialsChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211198China
- Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical UniversityChongqing401135China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesCenter of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and BiomaterialsChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211198China
- Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical UniversityChongqing401135China
| | - Sijia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesCenter of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and BiomaterialsChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211198China
- Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical UniversityChongqing401135China
| | - Yu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesCenter of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and BiomaterialsChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211198China
- Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical UniversityChongqing401135China
| | - Xiuqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesCenter of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and BiomaterialsChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211198China
- Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical UniversityChongqing401135China
| | - Lingjing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesCenter of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and BiomaterialsChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211198China
- Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical UniversityChongqing401135China
| | - Mingxuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesCenter of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and BiomaterialsChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211198China
- Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical UniversityChongqing401135China
| | - Weishuo Li
- Center for Molecular MetabolismSchool of Environmental and Biological EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology200 Xiao Ling Wei StreetNanjing210094China
| | - Can Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesCenter of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and BiomaterialsChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing211198China
- Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical UniversityChongqing401135China
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Zhou Z, Mai Y, Zhang G, Wang Y, Sun P, Jing Z, Li Z, Xu Y, Han B, Liu J. Emerging role of immunogenic cell death in cancer immunotherapy: Advancing next-generation CAR-T cell immunotherapy by combination. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217079. [PMID: 38936505 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a stress-driven form of regulated cell death (RCD) in which dying tumor cells' specific signaling pathways are activated to release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), leading to the robust anti-tumor immune response as well as a reversal of the tumor immune microenvironment from "cold" to "hot". Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, as a landmark in anti-tumor immunotherapy, plays a formidable role in hematologic malignancies but falls short in solid tumors. The Gordian knot of CAR-T cells for solid tumors includes but is not limited to, tumor antigen heterogeneity or absence, physical and immune barriers of tumors. The combination of ICD induction therapy and CAR-T cell immunotherapy is expected to promote the intensive use of CAR-T cell in solid tumors. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of ICD, stress-responsive mechanism, and the synergistic effect of various ICD-based therapies with CAR-T cells to effectively improve anti-tumor capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokai Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yumiao Mai
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Pan Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zhaohe Jing
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zhengrui Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yudi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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8
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Porter LH, Harrison SG, Risbridger GP, Lister N, Taylor RA. Left out in the cold: Moving beyond hormonal therapy for the treatment of immunologically cold prostate cancer with CAR T cell immunotherapies. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 243:106571. [PMID: 38909866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is primarily hormone-dependent, and medical treatments have focused on inhibiting androgen biosynthesis or signaling through various approaches. Despite significant advances with the introduction of androgen receptor signalling inhibitors (ARSIs), patients continue to progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), highlighting the need for targeted therapies that extend beyond hormonal blockade. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells and other engineered immune cells represent a new generation of adoptive cellular therapies. While these therapies have significantly enhanced outcomes for patients with hematological malignancies, ongoing research is exploring the broader use of CAR T therapy in solid tumors, including advanced prostate cancer. In general, CAR T cell therapies are less effective against solid cancers with the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment hindering T cell infiltration, activation and cytotoxicity following antigen recognition. In addition, inherent tumor heterogeneity exists in patients with advanced prostate cancer that may prevent durable therapeutic responses using single-target agents. These barriers must be overcome to inform clinical trial design and improve treatment efficacy. In this review, we discuss the innovative and rationally designed strategies under investigation to improve the clinical translation of cellular immunotherapy in prostate cancer and maximise therapeutic outcomes for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Porter
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - S G Harrison
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - G P Risbridger
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Cancer Immunology Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC 3144, Australia
| | - Natalie Lister
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - R A Taylor
- Cancer Immunology Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC 3144, Australia; Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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9
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Luo J, Zhang X. Challenges and innovations in CAR-T cell therapy: a comprehensive analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1399544. [PMID: 38919533 PMCID: PMC11196618 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1399544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen a marked increase in research on chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells, with specific relevance to the treatment of hematological malignancies. Here, the structural principles, iterative processes, and target selection of CAR-T cells for therapeutic applications are described in detail, as well as the challenges faced in the treatment of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. These challenges include insufficient infiltration of cells, off-target effects, cytokine release syndrome, and tumor lysis syndrome. In addition, directions in the iterative development of CAR-T cell therapy are discussed, including modifications of CAR-T cell structures, improvements in specificity using multi-targets and novel targets, the use of Boolean logic gates to minimize off-target effects and control toxicity, and the adoption of additional protection mechanisms to improve the durability of CAR-T cell treatment. This review provides ideas and strategies for the development of CAR-T cell therapy through an in-depth exploration of the underlying mechanisms of action of CAR-T cells and their potential for innovative modification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xianwen Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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10
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Hegde M, Navai S, DeRenzo C, Joseph SK, Sanber K, Wu M, Gad AZ, Janeway KA, Campbell M, Mullikin D, Nawas Z, Robertson C, Mathew PR, Zhang H, Mehta B, Bhat RR, Major A, Shree A, Gerken C, Kalra M, Chakraborty R, Thakkar SG, Dakhova O, Salsman VS, Grilley B, Lapteva N, Gee A, Dotti G, Bao R, Salem AH, Wang T, Brenner MK, Heslop HE, Wels WS, Hicks MJ, Gottschalk S, Ahmed N. Autologous HER2-specific CAR T cells after lymphodepletion for advanced sarcoma: a phase 1 trial. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:880-894. [PMID: 38658775 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In this prospective, interventional phase 1 study for individuals with advanced sarcoma, we infused autologous HER2-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells (HER2 CAR T cells) after lymphodepletion with fludarabine (Flu) ± cyclophosphamide (Cy): 1 × 108 T cells per m2 after Flu (cohort A) or Flu/Cy (cohort B) and 1 × 108 CAR+ T cells per m2 after Flu/Cy (cohort C). The primary outcome was assessment of safety of one dose of HER2 CAR T cells after lymphodepletion. Determination of antitumor responses was the secondary outcome. Thirteen individuals were treated in 14 enrollments, and seven received multiple infusions. HER2 CAR T cells expanded after 19 of 21 infusions. Nine of 12 individuals in cohorts A and B developed grade 1-2 cytokine release syndrome. Two individuals in cohort C experienced dose-limiting toxicity with grade 3-4 cytokine release syndrome. Antitumor activity was observed with clinical benefit in 50% of individuals treated. The tumor samples analyzed showed spatial heterogeneity of immune cells and clustering by sarcoma type and by treatment response. Our results affirm HER2 as a CAR T cell target and demonstrate the safety of this therapeutic approach in sarcoma. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT00902044 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Hegde
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Shoba Navai
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher DeRenzo
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sujith K Joseph
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Khaled Sanber
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mengfen Wu
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed Z Gad
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katherine A Janeway
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dolores Mullikin
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zeid Nawas
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Catherine Robertson
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pretty R Mathew
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Birju Mehta
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raksha R Bhat
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angela Major
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ankita Shree
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Gerken
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mamta Kalra
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rikhia Chakraborty
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sachin G Thakkar
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Olga Dakhova
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vita S Salsman
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bambi Grilley
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natalia Lapteva
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adrian Gee
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Riyue Bao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Tao Wang
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Malcolm K Brenner
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Helen E Heslop
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Winfried S Wels
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M John Hicks
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nabil Ahmed
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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11
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Xu Y, Shan W, Luo Q, Zhang M, Huo D, Chen Y, Li H, Ye Y, Yu X, Luo Y, Huang H. Establishment of a humanized mouse model using steady-state peripheral blood-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells facilitates screening of cancer-targeted T-cell repertoires. CANCER INNOVATION 2024; 3:e118. [PMID: 38947755 PMCID: PMC11212321 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Cancer-targeted T-cell receptor T (TCR-T) cells hold promise in treating cancers such as hematological malignancies and breast cancers. However, approaches to obtain cancer-reactive TCR-T cells have been unsuccessful. Methods Here, we developed a novel strategy to screen for cancer-targeted TCR-T cells using a special humanized mouse model with person-specific immune fingerprints. Rare steady-state circulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells were expanded via three-dimensional culture of steady-state peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and then the expanded cells were applied to establish humanized mice. The human immune system was evaluated according to the kinetics of dendritic cells, monocytes, T-cell subsets, and cytokines. To fully stimulate the immune response and to obtain B-cell precursor NAML-6- and triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231-targeted TCR-T cells, we used the inactivated cells above to treat humanized mice twice a day every 7 days. Then, human T cells were processed for TCR β-chain (TRB) sequencing analysis. After the repertoires had been constructed, features such as the fraction, diversity, and immune signature were investigated. Results The results demonstrated an increase in diversity and clonality of T cells after treatment. The preferential usage and features of TRBV, TRBJ, and the V-J combination were also changed. The stress also induced highly clonal expansion. Tumor burden and survival analysis demonstrated that stress induction could significantly inhibit the growth of subsequently transfused live tumor cells and prolong the survival of the humanized mice. Conclusions We constructed a personalized humanized mouse model to screen cancer-targeted TCR-T pools. Our platform provides an effective source of cancer-targeted TCR-T cells and allows for the design of patient-specific engineered T cells. It therefore has the potential to greatly benefit cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Wei Shan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Qian Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Meng Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Dawei Huo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yijin Chen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Honghu Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yishan Ye
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yi Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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12
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Wu ZL, Wang Y, Jia XY, Wang YG, Wang H. Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1: A novel antitumor target in gastrointestinal cancers. World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15:603-613. [PMID: 38835843 PMCID: PMC11145958 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i5.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is a member of the type I receptor tyrosine kinase family. ROR1 is pivotal in embryonic development and cancer, and serves as a biomarker and therapeutic target. It has soluble and membrane-bound subtypes, with the latter highly expressed in tumors. ROR1 is conserved throughout evolution and may play a role in the development of gastrointestinal cancer through multiple signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. Studies suggest that overexpression of ROR1 may increase tumor invasiveness and metastasis. Additionally, ROR1 may regulate the cell cycle, stem cell characteristics, and interact with other signaling pathways to affect cancer progression. This review explores the structure, expression and role of ROR1 in the development of gastrointestinal cancers. It discusses current antitumor strategies, outlining challenges and prospects for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Long Wu
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou 311201, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Jia
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Gang Wang
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou 311201, Zhejiang Province, China
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13
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Pan H, Tian Y, Pei S, Yang W, Zhang Y, Gu Z, Zhu H, Zou N, Zhang J, Jiang L, Hu Y, Shen S, Wang K, Jin H, Li Z, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Luo Q, Wang H, Huang J. Combination of percutaneous thermal ablation and adoptive Th9 cell transfer therapy against non-small cell lung cancer. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:52. [PMID: 38760861 PMCID: PMC11100251 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the predominant malignancies globally. Percutaneous thermal ablation (PTA) has gained widespread use among NSCLC patients, with the potential to elicit immune responses but limited therapeutic efficacies for advanced-stage disease. T-helper type 9 (Th9) cells are a subset of CD4+ effector T cells with robust and persistent anti-tumor effects. This study proposes to develop PTA-Th9 cell integrated therapy as a potential strategy for NSCLC treatment. METHODS The therapeutic efficacies were measured in mice models with subcutaneously transplanted, recurrence, or lung metastatic tumors. The tumor microenvironments (TMEs) were evaluated by flow cytometry. The cytokine levels were assessed by ELISA. The signaling molecules were determined by quantitative PCR and Western blotting. The translational potential was tested in the humanized NSCLC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. RESULTS We find that PTA combined with adoptive Th9 cell transfer therapy substantially suppresses tumor growth, recurrence, and lung metastasis, ultimately extending the survival of mice with NSCLC grafts, outperforming both PTA and Th9 cell transfer monotherapy. Analysis of TMEs indicates that combinatorial therapy significantly augments tumor-infiltrating Th9 cells, boosts anti-tumor effects of CD8+ T cells, and remodels tumor immunosuppressive microenvironments. Moreover, combinatorial therapy significantly strengthens the regional and circulation immune response of CD8+ T cells in mice with tumor lung metastasis and induces peripheral CD8+ T effector memory cells in mice with tumor recurrence. Mechanically, PTA reinforces the anti-tumor ability of Th9 cells primarily through upregulating interleukin (IL)-1β and subsequently activating the downstream STAT1/IRF1 pathway, which could be effectively blocked by intercepting IL-1β signaling. Finally, the enhanced therapeutic effect of combinatorial therapy is validated in humanized NSCLC PDX models. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this study demonstrates that combinatorial therapy displays robust and durable anti-tumor efficacy and excellent translational potential, offering excellent prospects for translation and emerging as a promising approach for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbo Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Siyu Pei
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Wanlin Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yanyang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zenan Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Hongda Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ningyuan Zou
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yingjie Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Shengping Shen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Haizhen Jin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ziming Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yanyun Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Qingquan Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Cai L, Gao Y, DeBerardinis RJ, Acquaah-Mensah G, Aidinis V, Beane JE, Biswal S, Chen T, Concepcion-Crisol CP, Grüner BM, Jia D, Jones R, Kurie JM, Lee MG, Lindahl P, Lissanu Y, Lorz Lopez MC, Martinelli R, Mazur PK, Mazzilli SA, Mii S, Moll H, Moorehead R, Morrisey EE, Ng SR, Oser MG, Pandiri AR, Powell CA, Ramadori G, Santos Lafuente M, Snyder E, Sotillo R, Su KY, Taki T, Taparra K, Xia Y, van Veen E, Winslow MM, Xiao G, Rudin CM, Oliver TG, Xie Y, Minna JD. A Lung Cancer Mouse Model Database. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.28.582577. [PMID: 38464291 PMCID: PMC10925271 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.28.582577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer mortality, exhibits diverse histological subtypes and genetic complexities. Numerous preclinical mouse models have been developed to study lung cancer, but data from these models are disparate, siloed, and difficult to compare in a centralized fashion. Here we established the Lung Cancer Mouse Model Database (LCMMDB), an extensive repository of 1,354 samples from 77 transcriptomic datasets covering 974 samples from genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), 368 samples from carcinogen-induced models, and 12 samples from a spontaneous model. Meticulous curation and collaboration with data depositors have produced a robust and comprehensive database, enhancing the fidelity of the genetic landscape it depicts. The LCMMDB aligns 859 tumors from GEMMs with human lung cancer mutations, enabling comparative analysis and revealing a pressing need to broaden the diversity of genetic aberrations modeled in GEMMs. Accompanying this resource, we developed a web application that offers researchers intuitive tools for in-depth gene expression analysis. With standardized reprocessing of gene expression data, the LCMMDB serves as a powerful platform for cross-study comparison and lays the groundwork for future research, aiming to bridge the gap between mouse models and human lung cancer for improved translational relevance.
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Zhao Y, Liu Z, Deng K, Qu H, Zhang Q, Zhou P, Yang M, Yang X, Wang H, Li R, Xia J. Identification of TAP1 as a T-cell related therapeutic target in gastric cancer by mediating oxalipliatin-related synergistic enhancement of immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111998. [PMID: 38593510 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the intricate molecular complexities and heterogeneity inherent in T-cell immunotherapy of gastric cancer (GC), elucidative T-cell-related biomarkers were imperative needed for facilitating the prediction of GC patient prognosis and identify potential synergistic therapeutic targets. METHODS We conducted COX regression analysis in TISIDB, TCGA-STAD, and GEO databases to identify 19 GC T-cell-mediated sensitivity tumor killing (TTK) genes (key GCTTKs). Based on key GCTTKs, we constructed two TTK patterns and analyzed their metabolic pathways, mutation features, clinical data distribution, immune cell infiltration, and prognosis. LASSO regression was performed to develop a T-cell-mediated GC Prognosis (TGCP) model. We validated the TGCP model in GC patients. TAP1 was further selected for investigation of its biological functions and molecular mechanisms. We assessed the potential of TAP1 as a promising therapeutic target for GC using Patient-derived organoids (PDOs)-derived xenografts (PDOXs) models of GC. RESULTS The TTK patterns display notable disparities. The TGCP model showcases its proficiency in predicting immune response efficacy, effectively distinguishes immunotherapy difference GC patients. Our findings find further confirmation in PDOX models, affirming TAP1 can enhance immunotherapy facilitated by PDL1 inhibitors. Furthermore, Oxaliplatin, by promoting TAP1 expression, augments PDL1 expression, thereby enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS We constructed a TGCP model, which demonstrates satisfactory predictive accuracy. Out of 9 prognostic genes, TAP1 was validated as a synergistic target for Oxaliplatin and PDL1 inhibitors, offering a genetic-level explanation for the synergy observed in GC treatment involving Oxaliplatin in combination with PDL1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China; Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Ziyuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China; Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Kaiyuan Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China; Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Huiheng Qu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China; Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Affiliated WuXi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China; Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Mengqi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China; Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Ranran Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jiazeng Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China; Department of General Surgery, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, PR China; Affiliated WuXi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, PR China.
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Xu MY, Zeng N, Liu CQ, Sun JX, An Y, Zhang SH, Xu JZ, Zhong XY, Ma SY, He HD, Hu J, Xia QD, Wang SG. Enhanced cellular therapy: revolutionizing adoptive cellular therapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:47. [PMID: 38664743 PMCID: PMC11046957 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhanced cellular therapy has emerged as a novel concept following the basis of cellular therapy. This treatment modality applied drugs or biotechnology to directly enhance or genetically modify cells to enhance the efficacy of adoptive cellular therapy (ACT). Drugs or biotechnology that enhance the killing ability of immune cells include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) / antibody drugs, small molecule inhibitors, immunomodulatory factors, proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), oncolytic virus (OV), etc. Firstly, overcoming the inhibitory tumor microenvironment (TME) can enhance the efficacy of ACT, which can be achieved by blocking the immune checkpoint. Secondly, cytokines or cytokine receptors can be expressed by genetic engineering or added directly to adoptive cells to enhance the migration and infiltration of adoptive cells to tumor cells. Moreover, multi-antigen chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) can be designed to enhance the specific recognition of tumor cell-related antigens, and OVs can also stimulate antigen release. In addition to inserting suicide genes into adoptive cells, PROTAC technology can be used as a safety switch or degradation agent of immunosuppressive factors to enhance the safety and efficacy of adoptive cells. This article comprehensively summarizes the mechanism, current situation, and clinical application of enhanced cellular therapy, describing potential improvements to adoptive cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yao Xu
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Na Zeng
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chen-Qian Liu
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian-Xuan Sun
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ye An
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Si-Han Zhang
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Xu
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhong
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Si-Yang Ma
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hao-Dong He
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qi-Dong Xia
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Shao-Gang Wang
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Amorós-Pérez B, Rivas-Pardo B, Gómez del Moral M, Subiza JL, Martínez-Naves E. State of the Art in CAR-T Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors: Is There a Sweeter Future? Cells 2024; 13:725. [PMID: 38727261 PMCID: PMC11083689 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has proven to be a powerful treatment for hematological malignancies. The situation is very different in the case of solid tumors, for which no CAR-T-based therapy has yet been approved. There are many factors contributing to the absence of response in solid tumors to CAR-T cells, such as the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), T cell exhaustion, or the lack of suitable antigen targets, which should have a stable and specific expression on tumor cells. Strategies being developed to improve CAR-T-based therapy for solid tumors include the use of new-generation CARs such as TRUCKs or bi-specific CARs, the combination of CAR therapy with chemo- or radiotherapy, the use of checkpoint inhibitors, and the use of oncolytic viruses. Furthermore, despite the scarcity of targets, a growing number of phase I/II clinical trials are exploring new solid-tumor-associated antigens. Most of these antigens are of a protein nature; however, there is a clear potential in identifying carbohydrate-type antigens associated with tumors, or carbohydrate and proteoglycan antigens that emerge because of aberrant glycosylations occurring in the context of tumor transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Amorós-Pérez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.A.-P.); (B.R.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Inmunotek S.L., 28805 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Benigno Rivas-Pardo
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.A.-P.); (B.R.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez del Moral
- Department of Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Eduardo Martínez-Naves
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.A.-P.); (B.R.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
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Ni Y, Li R, Shen X, Yi D, Ren Y, Wang F, Geng Y, You Q. Diaphorobacter nitroreducens synergize with oxaliplatin to reduce tumor burden in mice with lung adenocarcinoma. mSystems 2024; 9:e0132323. [PMID: 38483163 PMCID: PMC11019951 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01323-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) is the most common lung cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota regulates the host response to chemotherapeutic drugs and can be targeted to reduce the toxicity of current chemotherapeutic agents. However, the effect of Diaphorobacter nitroreducens synergized with oxaliplatin on the gut microbiota and their impact on LADC have never been explored. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of D. nitroreducens, oxaliplatin, and their combined treatment on tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. The composition of gut microbiota and the immune infiltration of tumors were evaluated by using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing and immunofluorescence, respectively. The inhibitory effect of the combination treatment with D. nitroreducens and oxaliplatin was significantly stronger than that of oxaliplatin alone in tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, we observed that the combination treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia in the gut microbiota. Meanwhile, the combination treatment significantly increased the proportions of macrophage but decreased the proportion of regulatory T cells in the LADC tumor tissues of mice. These findings underscored the relationship between D. nitroreducens and the gut microbiota-immune cell-LADC axis, highlighting potential therapeutic avenues for LADC treatment. IMPORTANCE Oxaliplatin is widely used as an effective chemotherapeutic agent in cancer treatment, but its side effects and response rate still need to be improved. Conventional probiotics potentially benefit cancer chemotherapy by regulating gut microbiota and tumor immune infiltration. This study was novel in reporting a more significant inhibitory effect of Diaphorobacter nitroreducens on lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) cells compared with common traditional probiotics and validating its potential as an adjuvant therapy for LADC chemotherapy in mice. This study investigated the impact of D. nitroreducens combined with oxaliplatin on the gut microbiota and immune infiltration of tumors as a potential mechanism to improve anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Ni
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Deli Yi
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yilin Ren
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fudong Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Geng
- School of Life Science and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingjun You
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Chen T, Wang M, Chen Y, Liu Y. Current challenges and therapeutic advances of CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:133. [PMID: 38622705 PMCID: PMC11017638 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in the management of hematological malignancies has emerged as a noteworthy therapeutic breakthrough. Nevertheless, the utilization and effectiveness of CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors are still limited primarily because of the absence of tumor-specific target antigen, the existence of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, restricted T cell invasion and proliferation, and the occurrence of severe toxicity. This review explored the history of CAR-T and its latest advancements in the management of solid tumors. According to recent studies, optimizing the design of CAR-T cells, implementing logic-gated CAR-T cells and refining the delivery methods of therapeutic agents can all enhance the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy. Furthermore, combination therapy shows promise as a way to improve the effectiveness of CAR-T cell therapy. At present, numerous clinical trials involving CAR-T cells for solid tumors are actively in progress. In conclusion, CAR-T cell therapy has both potential and challenges when it comes to treating solid tumors. As CAR-T cell therapy continues to evolve, further innovations will be devised to surmount the challenges associated with this treatment modality, ultimately leading to enhanced therapeutic response for patients suffered solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Mingzhao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yanchao Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
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20
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Tran TM, Chand Thakuri BK, Nurmukhambetova S, Lee JJ, Hu P, Tran NQ, Steimle B, Dash P, Schneider D. Armored TGFβRIIDN ROR1-CAR T cells reject solid tumors and resist suppression by constitutively-expressed and treatment-induced TGFβ1. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008261. [PMID: 38609317 PMCID: PMC11029479 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy target receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is broadly expressed in hematologic and solid tumors, however clinically-characterized ROR1-CAR T cells with single chain variable fragment (scFv)-R12 targeting domain failed to induce durable remissions, in part due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, we describe the development of an improved ROR1-CAR with a novel, fully human scFv9 targeting domain, and augmented with TGFβRIIDN armor protective against a major TME factor, transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). METHODS CAR T cells were generated by lentiviral transduction of enriched CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and the novel scFv9-based ROR1-CAR-1 was compared with the clinically-characterized ROR1-R12-scFv-based CAR-2 in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS CAR-1 T cells exhibited greater CAR surface density than CAR-2 when normalized for %CAR+, and produced more interferon (IFN)-γ tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-2 in response to hematologic (Jeko-1, RPMI-8226) and solid (OVCAR-3, Capan-2, NCI-H226) tumor cell lines in vitro. In vivo, CAR-1 and CAR-2 both cleared hematologic Jeko-1 lymphoma xenografts, however only CAR-1 fully rejected ovarian solid OVCAR-3 tumors, concordantly with greater expansion of CD8+ and CD4+CAR T cells, and enrichment for central and effector memory phenotype. When equipped with TGFβ-protective armor TGFβRIIDN, CAR-1 T cells resisted TGFβ-mediated pSmad2/3 phosphorylation, as compared with CAR-1 alone. When co-cultured with ROR-1+ AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer line in the presence of TGFβ1, armored CAR-1 demonstrated improved recovery of killing function, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 secretion. In mouse AsPC-1 pancreatic tumor xenografts overexpressing TGFβ1, armored CAR-1, in contrast to CAR-1 alone, achieved complete tumor remissions, and yielded accelerated expansion of CAR+ T cells, diminished circulating active TGFβ1, and no apparent toxicity or weight loss. Unexpectedly, in AsPC-1 xenografts without TGFβ overexpression, TGFβ1 production was specifically induced by ROR-1-CAR T cells interaction with ROR-1 positive tumor cells, and the TGFβRIIDN armor conferred accelerated tumor clearance. CONCLUSIONS The novel fully human TGFßRIIDN-armored ROR1-CAR-1 T cells are highly potent against ROR1-positive tumors, and withstand the inhibitory effects of TGFß in solid TME. Moreover, TGFβ1 induction represents a novel, CAR-induced checkpoint in the solid TME, which can be circumvented by co-expressing the TGβRIIDN armor on T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Minh Tran
- Lentigen Technology Inc., a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Jia-Jye Lee
- Lentigen Technology Inc., a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Peirong Hu
- Lentigen Technology Inc., a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Ngoc Q Tran
- Lentigen Technology Inc., a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Brittany Steimle
- Lentigen Technology Inc., a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Pradyot Dash
- Lentigen Technology Inc., a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Dina Schneider
- Lentigen Technology Inc., a Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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Chen X, Zhong S, Zhan Y, Zhang X. CRISPR-Cas9 applications in T cells and adoptive T cell therapies. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:52. [PMID: 38609863 PMCID: PMC11010303 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell immunity is central to contemporary cancer and autoimmune therapies, encompassing immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive T cell therapies. Their diverse characteristics can be reprogrammed by different immune challenges dependent on antigen stimulation levels, metabolic conditions, and the degree of inflammation. T cell-based therapeutic strategies are gaining widespread adoption in oncology and treating inflammatory conditions. Emerging researches reveal that clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) genome editing has enabled T cells to be more adaptable to specific microenvironments, opening the door to advanced T cell therapies in preclinical and clinical trials. CRISPR-Cas9 can edit both primary T cells and engineered T cells, including CAR-T and TCR-T, in vivo and in vitro to regulate T cell differentiation and activation states. This review first provides a comprehensive summary of the role of CRISPR-Cas9 in T cells and its applications in preclinical and clinical studies for T cell-based therapies. We also explore the application of CRISPR screen high-throughput technology in editing T cells and anticipate the current limitations of CRISPR-Cas9, including off-target effects and delivery challenges, and envisioned improvements in related technologies for disease screening, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Shuhan Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yonghao Zhan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
| | - Xuepei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
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Shao W, Yao Y, Yang L, Li X, Ge T, Zheng Y, Zhu Q, Ge S, Gu X, Jia R, Song X, Zhuang A. Novel insights into TCR-T cell therapy in solid neoplasms: optimizing adoptive immunotherapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:37. [PMID: 38570883 PMCID: PMC10988985 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy in the T cell landscape exhibits efficacy in cancer treatment. Over the past few decades, genetically modified T cells, particularly chimeric antigen receptor T cells, have enabled remarkable strides in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Besides, extensive exploration of multiple antigens for the treatment of solid tumors has led to clinical interest in the potential of T cells expressing the engineered T cell receptor (TCR). TCR-T cells possess the capacity to recognize intracellular antigen families and maintain the intrinsic properties of TCRs in terms of affinity to target epitopes and signal transduction. Recent research has provided critical insight into their capability and therapeutic targets for multiple refractory solid tumors, but also exposes some challenges for durable efficacy. In this review, we describe the screening and identification of available tumor antigens, and the acquisition and optimization of TCRs for TCR-T cell therapy. Furthermore, we summarize the complete flow from laboratory to clinical applications of TCR-T cells. Last, we emerge future prospects for improving therapeutic efficacy in cancer world with combination therapies or TCR-T derived products. In conclusion, this review depicts our current understanding of TCR-T cell therapy in solid neoplasms, and provides new perspectives for expanding its clinical applications and improving therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuan Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiran Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ludi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongxin Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyi Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ai Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Zhang T, Tai Z, Miao F, Zhang X, Li J, Zhu Q, Wei H, Chen Z. Adoptive cell therapy for solid tumors beyond CAR-T: Current challenges and emerging therapeutic advances. J Control Release 2024; 368:372-396. [PMID: 38408567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive cellular immunotherapy using immune cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is a highly specific anti-tumor immunotherapy that has shown promise in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, there has been a slow progress toward the treatment of solid tumors owing to the complex tumor microenvironment that affects the localization and killing ability of the CAR cells. Solid tumors with a strong immunosuppressive microenvironment and complex vascular system are unaffected by CAR cell infiltration and attack. To improve their efficacy toward solid tumors, CAR cells have been modified and upgraded by "decorating" and "pruning". This review focuses on the structure and function of CARs, the immune cells that can be engineered by CARs and the transformation strategies to overcome solid tumors, with a view to broadening ideas for the better application of CAR cell therapy for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingrui Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fengze Miao
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Jiadong Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.
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24
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Yu T, Jiang W, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Jiao J, Wu M. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells in the treatment of osteosarcoma (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:40. [PMID: 38390935 PMCID: PMC10919759 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a frequently occurring primary bone tumor, mostly affecting children, adolescents and young adults. Before 1970, surgical resection was the main treatment method for OS, but the clinical results were not promising. Subsequently, the advent of chemotherapy has improved the prognosis of patients with OS. However, there is still a high incidence of metastasis or recurrence, and chemotherapy has several side effects, thus making the 5‑year survival rate markedly low. Recently, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‑T) cell therapy represents an alternative immunotherapy approach with significant potential for hematologic malignancies. Nevertheless, the application of CAR‑T cells in the treatment of OS faces numerous challenges. The present review focused on the advances in the development of CAR‑T cells to improve their clinical efficacy, and discussed ways to overcome the difficulties faced by CAR T‑cell therapy for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Operating Room, The Third Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, P.R. China
| | - Jianhang Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Minfei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
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25
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Zhou R, Wu ST, Yazdanifar M, Williams C, Sanders A, Brouwer C, Maher J, Mukherjee P. Mucin-1-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Are Effective and Safe in Controlling Solid Tumors in Immunocompetent Host. J Immunother 2024; 47:77-88. [PMID: 38270462 PMCID: PMC10913860 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in solid epithelial tumors has been explored, however, with limited success. As much of the preclinical work has relied on xenograft models in immunocompromised animals, the immune-related efficacies and toxicities may have been missed. In this study, we engineered syngeneic murine CAR T cells targeting the tumor form of human mucin-1 (tMUC1) and tested the MUC1 CAR T cells' efficacy and toxicity in the immunocompetent human MUC1-expressing mouse models. The MUC1 CAR T cells significantly eliminated murine pancreatic and breast cancer cell lines in vitro. In vivo, MUC1 CAR T cells significantly slowed the mammary gland tumor progression in the spontaneous PyVMT×MUC1.Tg (MMT) mice, prevented lung metastasis, and prolonged survival. Most importantly, there was minimal short or long-term toxicity with acceptable levels of transient liver toxicity but no kidney toxicity. In addition, the mice did not show any signs of weight loss or other behavioral changes with the treatment. We also report that a single dose of MUC1 CAR T-cell treatment modestly reduced the pancreatic tumor burden in a syngeneic orthotopic model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma given at late stage of an established tumor. Taken together, these findings suggested the further development of tMUC1-targeted CAR T cells as an effective and relatively safe treatment modality for various tMUC1-expressing solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
| | - Shu-ta Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
- Medpace, Irving, TX
| | - Mahboubeh Yazdanifar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Chandra Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
- Pfizer, Cambridge, MA
| | - Alexa Sanders
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
| | - Cory Brouwer
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
| | - John Maher
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | - Pinku Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
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26
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Long J, Wang Y, Jiang X, Ge J, Chen M, Zheng B, Wang R, Wang M, Xu M, Ke Q, Wang J. Nanomaterials Boost CAR-T Therapy for Solid Tumors. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304615. [PMID: 38483400 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
T cell engineering, particularly via chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modifications for enhancing tumor specificity, has shown efficacy in treating hematologic malignancies. The extension of CAR-T cell therapy to solid tumors, however, is impeded by several challenges: The absence of tumor-specific antigens, antigen heterogeneity, a complex immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and physical barriers to cell infiltration. Additionally, limitations in CAR-T cell manufacturing capacity and the high costs associated with these therapies restrict their widespread application. The integration of nanomaterials into CAR-T cell production and application offers a promising avenue to mitigate these challenges. Utilizing nanomaterials in the production of CAR-T cells can decrease product variability and lower production expenses, positively impacting the targeting and persistence of CAR-T cells in treatment and minimizing adverse effects. This review comprehensively evaluates the use of various nanomaterials in the production of CAR-T cells, genetic modification, and in vivo delivery. It discusses their underlying mechanisms and potential for clinical application, with a focus on improving specificity and safety in CAR-T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Long
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 1001 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yian Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, The Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xianjie Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Junshang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Mingfen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Boshu Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences & Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefu North Road University Town, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences & Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefu North Road University Town, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Meifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences & Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefu North Road University Town, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Meifang Xu
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences & Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefu North Road University Town, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Qi Ke
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences & Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefu North Road University Town, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Oncology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences & Diagnostic Pathology Center, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefu North Road University Town, Fuzhou, 350122, China
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27
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Ge S, Zhao Y, Liang J, He Z, Li K, Zhang G, Hua B, Zheng H, Guo Q, Qi R, Shi Z. Immune modulation in malignant pleural effusion: from microenvironment to therapeutic implications. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:105. [PMID: 38475858 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03211-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune microenvironment and immunotherapy have become the focus and frontier of tumor research, and the immune checkpoint inhibitors has provided novel strategies for tumor treatment. Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common end-stage manifestation of lung cancer, malignant pleural mesothelioma and other thoracic malignancies, which is invasive and often accompanied by poor prognosis, affecting the quality of life of affected patients. Currently, clinical therapy for MPE is limited to pleural puncture, pleural fixation, catheter drainage, and other palliative therapies. Immunization is a new direction for rehabilitation and treatment of MPE. The effusion caused by cancer cells establishes its own immune microenvironment during its formation. Immune cells, cytokines, signal pathways of microenvironment affect the MPE progress and prognosis of patients. The interaction between them have been proved. The relevant studies were obtained through a systematic search of PubMed database according to keywords search method. Then through screening and sorting and reading full-text, 300 literatures were screened out. Exclude irrelevant and poor quality articles, 238 literatures were cited in the references. In this study, the mechanism of immune microenvironment affecting malignant pleural effusion was discussed from the perspectives of adaptive immune cells, innate immune cells, cytokines and molecular targets. Meanwhile, this study focused on the clinical value of microenvironmental components in the immunotherapy and prognosis of malignant pleural effusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Ge
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiao Street, Dongzhimen, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhongning He
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Kai Li
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, No.10 Yangfangdiantieyilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Baojin Hua
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Honggang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qiujun Guo
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Runzhi Qi
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Zhan Shi
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiao Street, Dongzhimen, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China.
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28
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Dai Z, Lin X, Wang X, Zou X, Yan Y, Wang R, Chen Y, Tasiheng Y, Ma M, Wang X, Cheng H, Yu X, Liu C. Ectopic CXCR2 expression cells improve the anti-tumor efficiency of CAR-T cells and remodel the immune microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:61. [PMID: 38430267 PMCID: PMC10908625 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent progressions in CAR-T cell therapy against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain disappointing, which are partially attributed to the immunosuppressive microenvironment including macrophage-mediated T cell repletion. METHODS We first characterized the expression patterns of macrophage-relevant chemokines and identified CXCR2 as the key factor regulating T cell trafficking and tumor-specific accumulation in PDAC microenvironment. After that, we synthesized and introduced a CXCR2 expression cascade into Claudin18.2 CAR-T cells and compared the behaviors of CAR-T cells in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic potential of CXCR2 CAR-T was evaluated in two different allogeneic models: subcutaneous allografts and metastatic PDAC models. RESULTS The results showed that CXCR2 CAR-T not only reduced the size of allografted PDAC tumors, but also completely eliminated the formation of metastases. Lastly, we investigated the tumor tissues and found that expression of ectopic CXCR2 significantly improved tumor-targeted infiltration and residence of T cells and reduced the presence of MDSCs and CXCR2 + macrophages in PDAC microenvironment. CONCLUSION Our studies suggested that ectopic CXCR2 played a significant and promising role in improving the efficiency of CAR-T therapy against primary and metastatic PDAC and partially reversed the immune-suppressive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Dai
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Xu-Hui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuan Lin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Xu-Hui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Xu-Hui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Cancer Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, , Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuan Zou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Xu-Hui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Xu-Hui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruijie Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Xu-Hui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Xu-Hui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yesiboli Tasiheng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Xu-Hui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mingjian Ma
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Xu-Hui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Xu-Hui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - He Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Xu-Hui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Xu-Hui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong An Road, Xu-Hui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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29
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Mouawad N, Ruggeri E, Capasso G, Martinello L, Visentin A, Frezzato F, Trentin L. How receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 meets its partners in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Hematol Oncol 2024; 42:e3250. [PMID: 38949887 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in western societies, recognized by clinical and molecular heterogeneity. Despite the success of targeted therapies, acquired resistance remains a challenge for relapsed and refractory CLL, as a consequence of mutations in the target or the upregulation of other survival pathways leading to the progression of the disease. Research on proteins that can trigger such pathways may define novel therapies for a successful outcome in CLL such as the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1). ROR1 is a signaling receptor for Wnt5a, with an important role during embryogenesis. The aberrant expression on CLL cells and several types of tumors, is involved in cell proliferation, survival, migration as well as drug resistance. Antibody-based immunotherapies and small-molecule compounds emerged to target ROR1 in preclinical and clinical studies. Efforts have been made to identify new prognostic markers having predictive value to refine and increase the detection and management of CLL. ROR1 can be considered as an attractive target for CLL diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. It can be clinically effective alone and/or in combination with current approved agents. In this review, we summarize the scientific achievements in targeting ROR1 for CLL diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Humans
- Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayla Mouawad
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Ruggeri
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Guido Capasso
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Martinello
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Frezzato
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Zhu C, Wu Q, Sheng T, Shi J, Shen X, Yu J, Du Y, Sun J, Liang T, He K, Ding Y, Li H, Gu Z, Wang W. Rationally designed approaches to augment CAR-T therapy for solid tumor treatment. Bioact Mater 2024; 33:377-395. [PMID: 38059121 PMCID: PMC10696433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell denoted as CAR-T therapy has realized incredible therapeutic advancements for B cell malignancy treatment. However, its therapeutic validity has yet to be successfully achieved in solid tumors. Different from hematological cancers, solid tumors are characterized by dysregulated blood vessels, dense extracellular matrix, and filled with immunosuppressive signals, which together result in CAR-T cells' insufficient infiltration and rapid dysfunction. The insufficient recognition of tumor cells and tumor heterogeneity eventually causes cancer reoccurrences. In addition, CAR-T therapy also raises safety concerns, including potential cytokine release storm, on-target/off-tumor toxicities, and neuro-system side effects. Here we comprehensively review various targeting aspects, including CAR-T cell design, tumor modulation, and delivery strategy. We believe it is essential to rationally design a combinatory CAR-T therapy via constructing optimized CAR-T cells, directly manipulating tumor tissue microenvironments, and selecting the most suitable delivery strategy to achieve the optimal outcome in both safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Tao Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Xinyuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Tingxizi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kaixin He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321299, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
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Liao YM, Hsu SH, Chiou SS. Harnessing the Transcriptional Signatures of CAR-T-Cells and Leukemia/Lymphoma Using Single-Cell Sequencing Technologies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2416. [PMID: 38397092 PMCID: PMC10889174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy has greatly improved outcomes for patients with relapsed or refractory hematological malignancies. However, challenges such as treatment resistance, relapse, and severe toxicity still hinder its widespread clinical application. Traditional transcriptome analysis has provided limited insights into the complex transcriptional landscape of both leukemia cells and engineered CAR-T-cells, as well as their interactions within the tumor microenvironment. However, with the advent of single-cell sequencing techniques, a paradigm shift has occurred, providing robust tools to unravel the complexities of these factors. These techniques enable an unbiased analysis of cellular heterogeneity and molecular patterns. These insights are invaluable for precise receptor design, guiding gene-based T-cell modification, and optimizing manufacturing conditions. Consequently, this review utilizes modern single-cell sequencing techniques to clarify the transcriptional intricacies of leukemia cells and CAR-Ts. The aim of this manuscript is to discuss the potential mechanisms that contribute to the clinical failures of CAR-T immunotherapy. We examine the biological characteristics of CAR-Ts, the mechanisms that govern clinical responses, and the intricacies of adverse events. By exploring these aspects, we hope to gain a deeper understanding of CAR-T therapy, which will ultimately lead to improved clinical outcomes and broader therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Liao
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Hsien Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Genomics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Shin Chiou
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Genomics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Ye J, Liu Q, He Y, Song Z, Lin B, Hu Z, Hu J, Ning Y, Cai C, Li Y. Combined therapy of CAR-IL-15/IL-15Rα-T cells and GLIPR1 knockdown in cancer cells enhanced anti-tumor effect against gastric cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:171. [PMID: 38368374 PMCID: PMC10874561 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown remarkable responses in hematological malignancies with several approved products, but not in solid tumors. Patients suffer from limited response and tumor relapse due to low efficacy of CAR-T cells in the complicated and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This clinical challenge has called for better CAR designs and combined strategies to improve CAR-T cell therapy against tumor changes. METHODS In this study, IL-15/IL-15Rα was inserted into the extracellular region of CAR targeting mesothelin. In-vitro cytotoxicity and cytokine production were detected by bioluminescence-based killing and ELISA respectively. In-vivo xenograft mice model was used to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of CAR-T cells. RNA-sequencing and online database analysis were used to identify new targets in residual gastric cancer cells after cytotoxicity assay. CAR-T cell functions were detected in vitro and in vivo after GLI Pathogenesis Related 1 (GLIPR1) knockdown in gastric cancer cells. Cell proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells were detected by CCK-8 and scratch assay respectively after GLIPR1 were overexpressed or down-regulated. RESULTS CAR-T cells constructed with IL-15/IL-15Rα (CAR-ss-T) showed significantly improved CAR-T cell expansion, cytokine production and cytotoxicity, and resulted in superior tumor control compared to conventional CAR-T cells in gastric cancer. GLIPR1 was up-regulated after CAR-T treatment and survival was decreased in gastric cancer patients with high GLIPR1 expression. Overexpression of GLIPR1 inhibited cytotoxicity of conventional CAR-T but not CAR-ss-T cells. CAR-T treatment combined with GLIPR1 knockdown increased anti-tumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated for the first time that this CAR structure design combined with GLIPR1 knockdown in gastric cancer improved CAR-T cell-mediated anti-tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Ye
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyuan Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxuan He
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenkun Song
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Lin
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanyuan Hu
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunshan Ning
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheguo Cai
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Schriek AI, Aldon YLT, van Gils MJ, de Taeye SW. Next-generation bNAbs for HIV-1 cure strategies. Antiviral Res 2024; 222:105788. [PMID: 38158130 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Despite the ability to suppress viral replication using anti-retroviral therapy (ART), HIV-1 remains a global public health problem. Curative strategies for HIV-1 have to target and eradicate latently infected cells across the body, i.e. the viral reservoir. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) have the capacity to neutralize virions and bind to infected cells to initiate elimination of these cells. To improve the efficacy of bNAbs in terms of viral suppression and viral reservoir eradication, next generation antibodies (Abs) are being developed that address the current limitations of Ab treatment efficacy; (1) low antigen (Env) density on (reactivated) HIV-1 infected cells, (2) high viral genetic diversity, (3) exhaustion of immune cells and (4) short half-life of Abs. In this review we summarize and discuss preclinical and clinical studies in which anti-HIV-1 Abs demonstrated potent viral control, and describe the development of engineered Abs that could address the limitations described above. Next generation Abs with optimized effector function, avidity, effector cell recruitment and immune cell activation have the potential to contribute to an HIV-1 cure or durable control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Schriek
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Y L T Aldon
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M J van Gils
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S W de Taeye
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Ding F, Liu J, Ai K, Xu C, Mao X, Liu Z, Xiao H. Simultaneous Activation of Pyroptosis and cGAS-STING Pathway with Epigenetic/ Photodynamic Nanotheranostic for Enhanced Tumor Photoimmunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306419. [PMID: 37796042 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Promoting innate immunity through pyroptosis induction or the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon gene (cGAS-STING) pathway activation has emerged as a potent approach to counteract the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and elicit systemic antitumor immunity. However, current pyroptosis inducers and STING agonists often suffer from limitations including instability, unpredictable side effects, or inadequate intracellular expression of gasdermin and STING. Here, a tumor-specific nanotheranostic platform that combines photodynamic therapy (PDT) with epigenetic therapy to simultaneously activate pyroptosis and the cGAS-STING pathway in a light-controlled manner is constructed. This approach involves the development of oxidation-sensitive nanoparticles (NP1) loaded with the photosensitizer TBE, along with decitabine nanomicelles (NP2). NP2 enables the restoration of STING and gasdermin E (GSDME) expression, while NP1-mediated PDT facilitates the release of DNA fragments from damaged mitochondria to potentiate the cGAS-STING pathway, and promotes the activation of caspase-3 to cleave the upregulated GSDME into pore-forming GSDME-N terminal. Subsequently, the released inflammatory cytokines facilitate the maturation of antigen-presentation cells, triggering T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Overall, this study presents an elaborate strategy for simultaneous photoactivation of pyroptosis and the cGAS-STING pathway, enabling targeted photoimmunotherapy in immunotolerant tumors. This innovative approach holds significant promise in overcoming the limitations associated with existing therapeutic modalities and represents a valuable avenue for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Ding
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Kelong Ai
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Chun Xu
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4006, Australia
| | - Xiaoyuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Haihua Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Adugna A, Muche Y, Jemal M, Habtegiorgis SD, Belew H, Azanaw Amare G. Gut microbes as medical signature for the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Aging Med (Milton) 2024; 7:121-130. [PMID: 38571678 PMCID: PMC10985778 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide and poses a severe threat to public health. Immunotherapy with checkpoint blockers has improved the outlook for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy. For the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC, antibodies such as anti-programmed death 1 (anti-PD1), anti-programmed death ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1), and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (anti-CTLA-4) are of paramount importance. Anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody therapies are used to block the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and identify cancerous cells to the body's defenses. Antibodies directed against CTLA-4 (anti-CTLA-4) have also been shown to improve survival rates in patients with NSCLC. Currently, other immunotherapy approaches like neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (NAICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies are applied in NSCLC patients. NAICIs are used for resectable and early stage NSCLC and CAR-T is used to find more useful epitope sites for lung tumors and destroy cancer cells. A patient's gut microbiota might influence how their immune system reacts to NSCLC immunotherapy. The majority of intestinal microbes stimulate helper/cytotoxic T cells, induce natural killer (NK) cells, activate various toll-like receptors (TLR), build up cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), increase PD-1 production, and attract chemokine receptors towards cancer cells. Thus, they serve as immune inducers in NSCLC immunotherapy. Nonetheless, certain bacteria can function as immune suppressors by inhibiting DC proliferation, stopping CD28 trafficking, restoring CD80/CD86, increasing immunological tolerance, and upsetting Th17 cells. Therefore, they are prevalent in non-responders with NSCLC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adane Adugna
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health SciencesDebre Markos UniversityDebre MarkosEthiopia
| | - Yalew Muche
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health SciencesDebre Markos UniversityDebre MarkosEthiopia
| | - Mohammed Jemal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Health SciencesDebre Markos UniversityDebre MarkosEthiopia
| | | | - Habtamu Belew
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health SciencesDebre Markos UniversityDebre MarkosEthiopia
| | - Gashaw Azanaw Amare
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health SciencesDebre Markos UniversityDebre MarkosEthiopia
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Esmaeilzadeh A, Hadiloo K, Jabbari M, Elahi R. Current progress of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T versus CAR NK cell for immunotherapy of solid tumors. Life Sci 2024; 337:122381. [PMID: 38145710 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Equipping cancer-fighting immune cells with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has gained immense attention for cancer treatment. CAR-engineered T cells (CAR T cells) are the first immune-engineered cells that have achieved brilliant results in anti-cancer therapy. Despite promising anti-cancer features, CAR T cells could also cause fatal side effects and have shown inadequate efficacy in some studies. This has led to the introduction of other candidates for CAR transduction, e.g., Natural killer cells (NK cells). Regarding the better safety profile and anti-cancer properties, CAR-armored NK cells (CAR NK cells) could be a beneficial and suitable alternative to CAR T cells. Since introducing these two cells as anti-cancer structures, several studies have investigated their efficacy and safety, and most of them have focused on hematological malignancies. Solid tumors have unique properties that make them more resistant and less curable cancers than hematological malignancies. In this review article, we conduct a comprehensive review of the structure and properties of CAR NK and CAR T cells, compare the recent experience of immunotherapy with CAR T and CAR NK cells in various solid cancers, and overview current challenges and future solutions to battle solid cancers using CARNK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Kaveh Hadiloo
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Marjan Jabbari
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Elahi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Goddard ET, Linde MH, Srivastava S, Klug G, Shabaneh TB, Iannone S, Grzelak CA, Marsh S, Riggio AI, Shor RE, Linde IL, Guerrero M, Veatch JR, Snyder AG, Welm AL, Riddell SR, Ghajar CM. Immune evasion of dormant disseminated tumor cells is due to their scarcity and can be overcome by T cell immunotherapies. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:119-134.e12. [PMID: 38194912 PMCID: PMC10864018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The period between "successful" treatment of localized breast cancer and the onset of distant metastasis can last many years, representing an unexploited window to eradicate disseminated disease and prevent metastases. We find that the source of recurrence-disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) -evade endogenous immunity directed against tumor neoantigens. Although DTCs downregulate major histocompatibility complex I, this does not preclude recognition by conventional T cells. Instead, the scarcity of interactions between two relatively rare populations-DTCs and endogenous antigen-specific T cells-underlies DTC persistence. This scarcity is overcome by any one of three immunotherapies that increase the number of tumor-specific T cells: T cell-based vaccination, or adoptive transfer of T cell receptor or chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Each approach achieves robust DTC elimination, motivating discovery of MHC-restricted and -unrestricted DTC antigens that can be targeted with T cell-based immunotherapies to eliminate the reservoir of metastasis-initiating cells in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica T Goddard
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Miles H Linde
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Metastasis Research eXcellence (MET-X), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Shivani Srivastava
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Metastasis Research eXcellence (MET-X), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Grant Klug
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tamer B Shabaneh
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Santino Iannone
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Metastasis Research eXcellence (MET-X), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Candice A Grzelak
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Metastasis Research eXcellence (MET-X), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sydney Marsh
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Metastasis Research eXcellence (MET-X), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alessandra I Riggio
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ryann E Shor
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ian L Linde
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Metastasis Research eXcellence (MET-X), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Marissa Guerrero
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Joshua R Veatch
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Annelise G Snyder
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Metastasis Research eXcellence (MET-X), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alana L Welm
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Stanley R Riddell
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Metastasis Research eXcellence (MET-X), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Cyrus M Ghajar
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Metastasis Research eXcellence (MET-X), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Workenhe ST, Inkol JM, Westerveld MJ, Verburg SG, Worfolk SM, Walsh SR, Kallio KL. Determinants for Antitumor and Protumor Effects of Programmed Cell Death. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:7-16. [PMID: 37902605 PMCID: PMC10762341 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic anticancer therapies activate programmed cell death in the context of underlying stress and inflammatory signaling to elicit the emission of danger signals, cytokines, and chemokines. In a concerted manner, these immunomodulatory secretomes stimulate antigen presentation and T cell-mediated anticancer immune responses. In some instances, cell death-associated secretomes attract immunosuppressive cells to promote tumor progression. As it stands, cancer cell death-induced changes in the tumor microenvironment that contribute to antitumor or protumor effects remain largely unknown. This is complicated to examine because cell death is often subverted by tumors to circumvent natural, and therapy-induced, immunosurveillance. Here, we provide insights into important but understudied aspects of assessing the contribution of cell death to tumor elimination or cancer progression, including the role of tumor-associated genetics, epigenetics, and oncogenic factors in subverting immunogenic cell death. This perspective will also provide insights on how future studies may address the complex antitumor and protumor immunologic effects of cell death, while accounting for variations in tumor genetics and underlying microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T. Workenhe
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordon M. Inkol
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J. Westerveld
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shayla G. Verburg
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah M. Worfolk
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott R. Walsh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaslyn L.F. Kallio
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Shimizu T, Oba T, Oshi M, Ito KI. Eribulin promotes proliferation of CD8 + T cells and potentiates T cell-mediated anti-tumor activity against triple-negative breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 203:57-71. [PMID: 37733186 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemotherapeutic agents exert immunomodulatory effects on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and immune cells. Eribulin favorably affects the immunological status of patients with breast cancer. However, the effects of eribulin on the immune cells remain unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eribulin on immune cells. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors and mouse splenocytes were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. The effects of eribulin and paclitaxel on cell proliferation and differentiation status were analyzed using flow cytometry. RNA sequencing was performed to assess alterations in gene expression in CD8+ T cells following eribulin and paclitaxel treatment. Using TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231, Hs578T, and MDA-MB-157), the anti-tumor activity of CD3/CD28-stimulated T cells combined with eribulin or paclitaxel was evaluated. RESULTS Eribulin did not affect CD3/CD28-stimulated PBMCs proliferation. However, eribulin significantly decreased the CD4/CD8 ratio in T cells, indicating that eribulin facilitates CD8+ T cell proliferation. Furthermore, eribulin significantly increased the frequency of less differentiated CD45RA+, CCR7+, and TCF1+ subsets of CD8+ T cells. RNA sequencing revealed that eribulin enhanced the expression of gene sets related to cell proliferation and immune responses. Moreover, eribulin augmented the anti-tumor effects of CD3/CD28-stimulated T cells against TNBC cells. These results were not observed in experiments using paclitaxel. CONCLUSIONS Eribulin promoted CD8+ T cell proliferation, repressed effector T cell differentiation, and harnessed T cell-mediated anti-tumor effects. These mechanisms may be one of the cues that eribulin can improve the immunological status of tumor-bearing hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadafumi Shimizu
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-861, Japan
| | - Takaaki Oba
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-861, Japan.
| | - Masanori Oshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Ito
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-861, Japan
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Santiago-Vicente Y, de Jesús Castillejos-López M, Carmona-Aparicio L, Coballase-Urrutia E, Velasco-Hidalgo L, Niembro-Zúñiga AM, Zapata-Tarrés M, Torres-Espíndola LM. Immunotherapy for Pediatric Gliomas: CAR-T Cells Against B7H3: A Review of the Literature. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:420-430. [PMID: 37038673 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230406094257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B7H3 is a co-stimulatory molecule for immune reactions found on the surface of tumor cells in a wide variety of tumors. Preclinical and clinical studies have reported it as a tumor target towards which various immunotherapy modalities could be directed. So far, good results have been obtained in hematological neoplasms; however, a contrasting situation is evident in solid tumors, including those of the CNS, which show high refractoriness to current treatments. The appearance of cellular immunotherapies has transformed oncology due to the reinforcement of the immune response that is compromised in people with cancer. OBJECTIVE This article aims to review the literature to describe the advancement in knowledge on B7H3 as a target of CAR-T cells in pediatric gliomas to consider them as an alternative in the treatment of these patients. RESULTS Although B7H3 is considered a suitable candidate as a target agent for various immunotherapy techniques, there are still limitations in using CAR-T cells to achieve the desired success. CONCLUSION Results obtained with CAR-T cells can be further improved by the suggested proposals; therefore, more clinical trials are needed to study this new therapy in children with gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Santiago-Vicente
- Iztacala Faculty of Higher Studies, Tlalnepantla, México
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, México
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marta Zapata-Tarrés
- Head of Research Coordination at Mexican Social Security Institute Foundation, Mexico City, México
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Albelda SM. CAR T cell therapy for patients with solid tumours: key lessons to learn and unlearn. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:47-66. [PMID: 37904019 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have been approved for use in patients with B cell malignancies or relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma, yet efficacy against most solid tumours remains elusive. The limited imaging and biopsy data from clinical trials in this setting continues to hinder understanding, necessitating a reliance on imperfect preclinical models. In this Perspective, I re-evaluate current data and suggest potential pathways towards greater success, drawing lessons from the few successful trials testing CAR T cells in patients with solid tumours and the clinical experience with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. The most promising approaches include the use of pluripotent stem cells, co-targeting multiple mechanisms of immune evasion, employing multiple co-stimulatory domains, and CAR ligand-targeting vaccines. An alternative strategy focused on administering multiple doses of short-lived CAR T cells in an attempt to pre-empt exhaustion and maintain a functional effector pool should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Albelda
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Chamorro DF, Somes LK, Hoyos V. Engineered Adoptive T-Cell Therapies for Breast Cancer: Current Progress, Challenges, and Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:124. [PMID: 38201551 PMCID: PMC10778447 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a significant health challenge, and novel treatment approaches are critically needed. This review presents an in-depth analysis of engineered adoptive T-cell therapies (E-ACTs), an innovative frontier in cancer immunotherapy, focusing on their application in breast cancer. We explore the evolving landscape of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and T-cell receptor (TCR) T-cell therapies, highlighting their potential and challenges in targeting breast cancer. The review addresses key obstacles such as target antigen selection, the complex breast cancer tumor microenvironment, and the persistence of engineered T-cells. We discuss the advances in overcoming these barriers, including strategies to enhance T-cell efficacy. Finally, our comprehensive analysis of the current clinical trials in this area provides insights into the future possibilities and directions of E-ACTs in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F. Chamorro
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.F.C.); (L.K.S.)
| | - Lauren K. Somes
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.F.C.); (L.K.S.)
| | - Valentina Hoyos
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.F.C.); (L.K.S.)
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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43
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Li S, Zhang H, Shang G. Current status and future challenges of CAR-T cell therapy for osteosarcoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1290762. [PMID: 38187386 PMCID: PMC10766856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1290762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, the most common bone malignancy in children and adolescents, poses considerable challenges in terms of prognosis, especially for patients with metastatic or recurrent disease. While surgical intervention and adjuvant chemotherapy have improved survival rates, limitations such as impractical tumor removal or chemotherapy resistance hinder the treatment outcomes. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, an innovative immunotherapy approach that involves targeting tumor antigens and releasing immune factors, has shown significant advancements in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, its application in solid tumors, including osteosarcoma, is constrained by factors such as low antigen specificity, limited persistence, and the complex tumor microenvironment. Research on osteosarcoma is ongoing, and some targets have shown promising results in pre-clinical studies. This review summarizes the current status of research on CAR-T cell therapy for osteosarcoma by compiling recent literature. It also proposes future research directions to enhance the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhe Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guanning Shang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Lickefett B, Chu L, Ortiz-Maldonado V, Warmuth L, Barba P, Doglio M, Henderson D, Hudecek M, Kremer A, Markman J, Nauerth M, Negre H, Sanges C, Staber PB, Tanzi R, Delgado J, Busch DH, Kuball J, Luu M, Jäger U. Lymphodepletion - an essential but undervalued part of the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy cycle. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1303935. [PMID: 38187393 PMCID: PMC10770848 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphodepletion (LD) or conditioning is an essential step in the application of currently used autologous and allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies as it maximizes engraftment, efficacy and long-term survival of CAR-T. Its main modes of action are the depletion and modulation of endogenous lymphocytes, conditioning of the microenvironment for improved CAR-T expansion and persistence, and reduction of tumor load. However, most LD regimens provide a broad and fairly unspecific suppression of T-cells as well as other hematopoietic cells, which can also lead to severe side effects, particularly infections. We reviewed 1271 published studies (2011-2023) with regard to current LD strategies for approved anti-CD19 CAR-T products for large B cell lymphoma (LBCL). Fludarabine (Flu) and cyclophosphamide (Cy) (alone or in combination) were the most commonly used agents. A large number of different schemes and combinations have been reported. In the respective schemes, doses of Flu and Cy (range 75-120mg/m2 and 750-1.500mg/m2) and wash out times (range 2-5 days) differed substantially. Furthermore, combinations with other agents such as bendamustine (benda), busulfan or alemtuzumab (for allogeneic CAR-T) were described. This diversity creates a challenge but also an opportunity to investigate the impact of LD on cellular kinetics and clinical outcomes of CAR-T. Only 21 studies explicitly investigated in more detail the influence of LD on safety and efficacy. As Flu and Cy can potentially impact both the in vivo activity and toxicity of CAR-T, a more detailed analysis of LD outcomes will be needed before we are able to fully assess its impact on different T-cell subsets within the CAR-T product. The T2EVOLVE consortium propagates a strategic investigation of LD protocols for the development of optimized conditioning regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benno Lickefett
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lulu Chu
- Cell Therapy Clinical Pharmacology and Modeling, Takeda, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Linda Warmuth
- Institut für Med. Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pere Barba
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matteo Doglio
- Experimental Hematology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - David Henderson
- Bayer Aktiengesellschaft (AG), Business Development & Licensing & Open Innovation (OI), Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hudecek
- Lehrstuhl für Zelluläre Immuntherapie, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kremer
- ITTM S.A. (Information Technology for Translational Medicine), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Janet Markman
- Cell Therapy Clinical Pharmacology and Modeling, Takeda, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Magdalena Nauerth
- Institut für Med. Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helene Negre
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Carmen Sanges
- Lehrstuhl für Zelluläre Immuntherapie, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp B. Staber
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca Tanzi
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Julio Delgado
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institut für Med. Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Legal and Regulatory Affairs Committee of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maik Luu
- Lehrstuhl für Zelluläre Immuntherapie, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Jäger
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Huang X, Ren Q, Yang L, Cui D, Ma C, Zheng Y, Wu J. Immunogenic chemotherapy: great potential for improving response rates. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1308681. [PMID: 38125944 PMCID: PMC10732354 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1308681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of anti-tumor immunity is critical in treating cancers. Recent studies indicate that several chemotherapy agents can stimulate anti-tumor immunity by inducing immunogenic cell death and durably eradicate tumors. This suggests that immunogenic chemotherapy holds great potential for improving response rates. However, chemotherapy in practice has only had limited success in inducing long-term survival or cure of cancers when used either alone or in combination with immunotherapy. We think that this is because the importance of dose, schedule, and tumor model dependence of chemotherapy-activated anti-tumor immunity is under-appreciated. Here, we review immune modulation function of representative chemotherapy agents and propose a model of immunogenic chemotherapy-induced long-lasting responses that rely on synergetic interaction between killing tumor cells and inducing anti-tumor immunity. We comb through several chemotherapy treatment schedules, and identify the needs for chemotherapy dose and schedule optimization and combination therapy with immunotherapy when chemotherapy dosage or immune responsiveness is too low. We further review tumor cell intrinsic factors that affect the optimal chemotherapy dose and schedule. Lastly, we review the biomarkers indicating responsiveness to chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy treatments. A deep understanding of how chemotherapy activates anti-tumor immunity and how to monitor its responsiveness can lead to the development of more effective chemotherapy or chemo-immunotherapy, thereby improving the efficacy of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Huang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinghuan Ren
- Alberta Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leixiang Yang
- Cancer Center, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Cui
- Cancer Center, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyang Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yueliang Zheng
- Cancer Center, Emergency and Critical Care Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- Cancer Center, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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46
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Wala JA, Hanna GJ. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2023; 37:1149-1168. [PMID: 37353377 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
We review chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for solid tumors. We discuss patient selection factors and aspects of clinical management. We describe challenges including physical and molecular barriers to trafficking CAR-Ts, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and difficulty finding cell surface target antigens. The application of new approaches in synthetic biology and cellular engineering toward solid tumor CAR-Ts is described. Finally, we summarize reported and ongoing clinical trials of CAR-T therapies for select disease sites such as head and neck (including thyroid cancer), lung, central nervous system (glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, glioma), sarcoma, genitourinary (prostate, renal, bladder, kidney), breast and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah A Wala
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building 2nd Floor, Room 2-140, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Glenn J Hanna
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building 2nd Floor, Room 2-140, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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47
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Hong M, Talluri S, Chen YY. Advances in promoting chimeric antigen receptor T cell trafficking and infiltration of solid tumors. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 84:103020. [PMID: 37976958 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have demonstrated robust response rates in treating hematological malignancies. However, solid tumors present multiple challenges that hinder the antitumor efficacy of CAR-T cells, including antigen heterogeneity, off-tumor and systemic toxicities, and the immunosuppressive milieu of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Notably, the TME of solid tumors is characterized by chemokine dysregulation and a dense architecture consisting of tumor stroma, extracellular matrix, and aberrant vasculature that impede migration of CAR-T cells to the tumor site as well as infiltration into the solid-tumor mass. In this review, we highlight recent advances to improve CAR-T-cell trafficking to and infiltration of solid tumors to promote effective antigen recognition by CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihe Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sohan Talluri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yvonne Y Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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48
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Yang Y, Louie R, Puc J, Vedvyas Y, Alcaina Y, Min IM, Britz M, Luciani F, Jin MM. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy Targeting Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule in Gastric Cancer: Mechanisms of Tumor Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5552. [PMID: 38067255 PMCID: PMC10705754 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a tumor-associated antigen that is frequently overexpressed in various carcinomas. We have developed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells specifically targeting EpCAM for the treatment of gastric cancer. This study sought to unravel the precise mechanisms by which tumors evade immune surveillance and develop resistance to CAR T cell therapy. Through a combination of whole-body CAR T cell imaging and single-cell multiomic analyses, we uncovered intricate interactions between tumors and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). In a gastric cancer model, tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells exhibited both cytotoxic and exhausted phenotypes, while CD4 T cells were mainly regulatory T cells. A T cell receptor (TCR) clonal analysis provided evidence of CAR T cell proliferation and clonal expansion within resistant tumors, which was substantiated by whole-body CAR T cell imaging. Furthermore, single-cell transcriptomics showed that tumor cells in mice with refractory or relapsing outcomes were enriched for genes involved in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and antigen presentation pathways, interferon-γ and interferon-α responses, mitochondrial activities, and a set of genes (e.g., CD74, IDO1, IFI27) linked to tumor progression and unfavorable disease prognoses. This research highlights an approach that combines imaging and multiomic methodologies to concurrently characterize the evolution of tumors and the differentiation of CAR T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Yang
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA (I.M.M.)
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Raymond Louie
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Janusz Puc
- AffyImmune Therapeutics, Inc., Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Yogindra Vedvyas
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA (I.M.M.)
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Yago Alcaina
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Irene M. Min
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA (I.M.M.)
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matt Britz
- AffyImmune Therapeutics, Inc., Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Fabio Luciani
- School of Medical Sciences and Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Moonsoo M. Jin
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA (I.M.M.)
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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49
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Appelbaum J, Wei J, Mukherjee R, Ishida T, Rosser J, Saxby C, Chase J, Carlson M, Sather C, Rahfeldt W, Meechan M, Baldwin M, Flint L, Spurrell C, Gustafson J, Johnson A, Jensen M. Context-specific synthetic T cell promoters from assembled transcriptional elements. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3339290. [PMID: 37886484 PMCID: PMC10602160 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3339290/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineering of human lymphocytes for therapeutic applications is constrained by a lack of transgene transcriptional control, resulting in a compromised therapeutic index. Incomplete understanding of transcriptional logic limits the rational design of contextually responsive genetic modules1. Here, we juxtaposed rationally curated transcriptional response element (TRE) oligonucleotides by random concatemerization to generate a library from which we selected context-specific inducible synthetic promoters (iSynPros). Through functional selection, we screened an iSynPro library for "IF-THEN" logic-gated transcriptional responses in human CD8+ T cells expressing a 4-1BB second generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). iSynPros exhibiting stringent off-states in quiescent T cells and CAR activation-dependent transcriptional responsiveness were cloned and subjected to TRE composition and pattern analysis, as well as performance in regulating candidate antitumor potency enhancement modules. These data reveal synthetic TRE grammar can mediate logic-gated transgene transcription in human T cells that, when applied to CAR T cell engineering, enhance potency and improve therapeutic indices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia Wei
- Seattle Children's Research Institute
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Wang T, Zhang K, You F, Ma R, Yang N, Tian S, An G, Yang L. Preconditioning of radiotherapy enhances efficacy of B7-H3-CAR-T in treating solid tumor models. Life Sci 2023; 331:122024. [PMID: 37574043 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Limited efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells in treating solid tumors is largely due to the antigen heterogeneity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). B7-H3 is over-expressed in most kind of solid tumors, making it a promising target for cancer treatment. This study aims to explore the effect of B7-H3-CAR-T therapy combined with radiotherapy in treating solid tumor models. METHODS Irradiated tumor cell lines were prepared and tested. A humanized B7-H3-CAR-T was constructed, and it was evaluated that B7-H3-CAR-T cytotoxicity against solid tumor models with preconditioning of radiotherapy in vitro and vivo. RESULTS Irradiation was found to increase expression level of B7-H3 in pancreatic cancer (PANC-1), colorectal cancer (HCT-15, SW620), acute myelocytic leukemia (AML-5), epidermoid carcinoma (KB) and glioma (U87-MG) human cell lines significantly. 6Gy irradiation was also found to up-regulate tumor-infiltration molecule like intracellular adhesion molecule-1 ICAM-1 or FAS in HCT-15 cells, supporting a possible synergistic enhancement effect of radiotherapy. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that irradiation indeed significantly enhanced the ability of B7-H3-CAR-T to infiltrate and kill tumors. Interestingly in dual-tumor mouse model study, not only tumor cells on irradiation side were eradicated completely, irradiation also enhanced CAR-T tumor-killing ability on non-irradiated side, confirming the abscopal effect of irradiation existed with CAR-T therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that B7-H3-CAR-T therapy combined with radiotherapy may be a promising modality in treating solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; PersonGen BioTherapeutics Co., Ltd., Suzhou, PR China
| | - Kailu Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Fengtao You
- PersonGen BioTherapeutics Co., Ltd., Suzhou, PR China
| | - Renyuxue Ma
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Nan Yang
- PersonGen BioTherapeutics Co., Ltd., Suzhou, PR China
| | - Shuaiyu Tian
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Gangli An
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Lin Yang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; PersonGen BioTherapeutics Co., Ltd., Suzhou, PR China.
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