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Bayat M, Sadri Nahand J. Exosomal miRNAs: the tumor's trojan horse in selective metastasis. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:167. [PMID: 39164756 PMCID: PMC11334467 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Organs of future metastasis are not passive receivers of circulating tumor cells, but are instead selectively and actively modified by the primary tumor before metastatic spread has even occurred. Tumors orchestrate a pre-metastatic program by conditioning distant organs to create microenvironments that foster the survival and proliferation of tumor cells before their arrival, thereby establishing pre-metastatic niches. Primary tumor-derived exosomes modulate these pre-metastatic niches, generating a permissive environment that facilitates the homing and expansion of tumor cells. Moreover, microRNAs have emerged as a key component of exosomal cargo, serving not only to induce the formation of pre-metastatic niches but also to prime these sites for the arrival and colonization of specific secondary tumor populations. Against this backdrop, this review endeavors to elucidate the impact of tumor-derived exosomal microRNAs on the genesis of their individualized pre-metastatic niches, with a view towards identifying novel means of specifying cancer metastasis and exploiting this phenomenon for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Bayat
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 15731, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 15731, Iran.
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2
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Nicolas E, Kosmider B, Cukierman E, Borghaei H, Golemis EA, Borriello L. Cancer treatments as paradoxical catalysts of tumor awakening in the lung. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10196-5. [PMID: 38963567 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Much of the fatality of tumors is linked to the growth of metastases, which can emerge months to years after apparently successful treatment of primary tumors. Metastases arise from disseminated tumor cells (DTCs), which disperse through the body in a dormant state to seed distant sites. While some DTCs lodge in pre-metastatic niches (PMNs) and rapidly develop into metastases, other DTCs settle in distinct microenvironments that maintain them in a dormant state. Subsequent awakening, induced by changes in the microenvironment of the DTC, causes outgrowth of metastases. Hence, there has been extensive investigation of the factors causing survival and subsequent awakening of DTCs, with the goal of disrupting these processes to decrease cancer lethality. We here provide a detailed overview of recent developments in understanding of the factors controlling dormancy and awakening in the lung, a common site of metastasis for many solid tumors. These factors include dynamic interactions between DTCs and diverse epithelial, mesenchymal, and immune cell populations resident in the lung. Paradoxically, among key triggers for metastatic outgrowth, lung tissue remodeling arising from damage induced by the treatment of primary tumors play a significant role. In addition, growing evidence emphasizes roles for inflammation and aging in opposing the factors that maintain dormancy. Finally, we discuss strategies being developed or employed to reduce the risk of metastatic recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Nicolas
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N Broad St., Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N Broad St., Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Hossein Borghaei
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
- Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N Broad St., Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Lucia Borriello
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
- Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N Broad St., Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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3
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Cai Q, He Y, Zhou Y, Zheng J, Deng J. Nanomaterial-Based Strategies for Preventing Tumor Metastasis by Interrupting the Metastatic Biological Processes. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303543. [PMID: 38411537 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. The prevention of tumor metastasis has garnered notable interest and interrupting metastatic biological processes is considered a potential strategy for preventing tumor metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and premetastatic niche (PMN) play crucial roles in metastatic biological processes. These processes can be interrupted using nanomaterials due to their excellent physicochemical properties. However, most studies have focused on only one aspect of tumor metastasis. Here, the hypothesis that nanomaterials can be used to target metastatic biological processes and explore strategies to prevent tumor metastasis is highlighted. First, the metastatic biological processes and strategies involving nanomaterials acting on the TME, CTCs, and PMN to prevent tumor metastasis are briefly summarized. Further, the current challenges and prospects of nanomaterials in preventing tumor metastasis by interrupting metastatic biological processes are discussed. Nanomaterial-and multifunctional nanomaterial-based strategies for preventing tumor metastasis are advantageous for the long-term fight against tumor metastasis and their continued exploration will facilitate rapid progress in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of tumor metastasis. Novel perspectives are outlined for developing more effective strategies to prevent tumor metastasis, thereby improving the outcomes of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjin Cai
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yijia He
- School of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Ji Zheng
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
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4
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Senchukova MA. Colorectal cancer and dormant metastases: Put to sleep or destroy? World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2304-2317. [PMID: 38994146 PMCID: PMC11236221 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
After reading the review by An et al "Biological factors driving colorectal cancer metastasis", which covers the problem of the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC), I had a desire to discuss with readers one of the exciting problems associated with dormant metastases. Most deaths from CRCs are caused by metastases, which can be detected both at diagnosis of the primary tumor and several years or even decades after treatment. This is because tumor cells that enter the bloodstream can be destroyed by the immune system, cause metastatic growth, or remain dormant for a long time. Dormant tumor cells may not manifest themselves throughout a person's life or, after some time and under appropriate conditions, may give rise to the growth of metastases. In this editorial, we will discuss the most important features of dormant metastases and the mechanisms of premetastatic niche formation, as well as factors that contribute to the activation of dormant metastases in CRCs. We will pay special attention to the possible mechanisms involved in the formation of circulating tumor cell complexes and the choice of therapeutic strategies that promote the dormancy or destruction of tumor cells in CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Senchukova
- Department of Oncology, Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg 460000, Russia
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McGinnis CS, Miao Z, Superville D, Yao W, Goga A, Reticker-Flynn NE, Winkler J, Satpathy AT. The temporal progression of lung immune remodeling during breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:1018-1031.e6. [PMID: 38821060 PMCID: PMC11255555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis requires systemic remodeling of distant organ microenvironments that impacts immune cell phenotypes, population structure, and intercellular communication. However, our understanding of immune phenotypic dynamics in the metastatic niche remains incomplete. Here, we longitudinally assayed lung immune transcriptional profiles in the polyomavirus middle T antigen (PyMT) and 4T1 metastatic breast cancer models from primary tumorigenesis, through pre-metastatic niche formation, to the final stages of metastatic outgrowth at single-cell resolution. Computational analyses of these data revealed a TLR-NFκB inflammatory program enacted by both peripherally derived and tissue-resident myeloid cells that correlated with pre-metastatic niche formation and mirrored CD14+ "activated" myeloid cells in the primary tumor. Moreover, we observed that primary tumor and metastatic niche natural killer (NK) cells are differentially regulated in mice and human patient samples, with the metastatic niche featuring elevated cytotoxic NK cell proportions. Finally, we identified cell-type-specific dynamic regulation of IGF1 and CCL6 signaling during metastatic progression that represents anti-metastatic immunotherapy candidate pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S McGinnis
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129, USA
| | - Zhuang Miao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daphne Superville
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Winnie Yao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Andrei Goga
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Juliane Winkler
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129, USA.
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Zhu X, Zhang X, Shen J, Zheng S, Li H, Han B, Zhang C, Chen M, Sun Q, Wu J. Gut microbiota-dependent modulation of pre-metastatic niches by Jianpi Yangzheng decoction in the prevention of lung metastasis of gastric cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155413. [PMID: 38513377 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-metastasis efficacy of Jianpi Yangzheng (JPYZ) decoction against gastric cancer (GC) and its potential mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The distant metastasis of GC cells administered via tail vein injection was assessed using the pre-metastatic niche (PMN) model. 16S rRNA sequencing and GC-MS/MS were applied to determine the component of the gut microbiota and content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces of mice, respectively. The proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the lung was evaluated by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Serum or tissue levels of inflammation factors including IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β were determined by ELISA or Western blot respectively. RESULTS Injecting GC cells into the tail vein of mice led to the development of lung metastases and also resulted in alterations in the composition of gut microbiota and the levels of SCFAs produced. Nevertheless, JPYZ treatment robustly impeded the effect of GC cells administration. Mechanically, JPYZ treatment not only prevented the alteration in gut microbiota structure, but also restored the SCFAs content induced by GC cells administration. Specifically, JPYZ treatment recovered the relative abundance of genera Moryella, Helicobacter, Lachnoclostridium, Streptococcus, Tuzzerella, GCA-900066575, uncultured_Lachnospiraceae, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and uncultured_bacterium_Muribaculaceae to near the normal control levels. In addition, JPYZ abrogated MDSCs accumulation in the lung tissue and blocked inflammation factors overproduction in the serum and lung tissues, which subsequently impede the formation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Correlation analysis revealed that the prevalence of Rikenellaceae in the model group exhibited a positive correlation with MDSCs proportion and inflammation factor levels. Conversely, the scarcity of Muribaculaceae in the model group showed a negative correlation with these parameters. This suggests that JPYZ might exert an influence on the gut microbiota and their metabolites, such as SCFAs, potentially regulating the formation of the PMN and consequently impacting the outcome of GC metastasis. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that GC cells facilitate metastasis by altering the gut microbiota composition, affecting the production of SCFAs, and recruiting MDSCs to create a pro-inflammatory pre-metastatic niche. JPYZ decoction counteracts this process by reshaping the gut microbiota structure, enhancing SCFA production, and inhibiting the formation of the pre-metastatic microenvironment, thereby exerting an anti-metastatic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology and Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Junyu Shen
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Shanshan Zheng
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Huaizhi Li
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Bo Han
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Cancan Zhang
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Menglin Chen
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Qingmin Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology and Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology and Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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Wu Y, Cao Y, Chen L, Lai X, Zhang S, Wang S. Role of Exosomes in Cancer and Aptamer-Modified Exosomes as a Promising Platform for Cancer Targeted Therapy. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:15. [PMID: 38802766 PMCID: PMC11129508 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-024-00245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are increasingly recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication in cancer biology. Exosomes can be derived from cancer cells as well as cellular components in tumor microenvironment. After secretion, the exosomes carrying a wide range of bioactive cargos can be ingested by local or distant recipient cells. The released cargos act through a variety of mechanisms to elicit multiple biological effects and impact most if not all hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, owing to their excellent biocompatibility and capability of being easily engineered or modified, exosomes are currently exploited as a promising platform for cancer targeted therapy. In this review, we first summarize the current knowledge of roles of exosomes in risk and etiology, initiation and progression of cancer, as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms. The aptamer-modified exosome as a promising platform for cancer targeted therapy is then briefly introduced. We also discuss the future directions for emerging roles of exosome in tumor biology and perspective of aptamer-modified exosomes in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Lai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shenghang Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Shuiliang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China.
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Katopodi T, Petanidis S, Floros G, Porpodis K, Kosmidis C. Hybrid Nanogel Drug Delivery Systems: Transforming the Tumor Microenvironment through Tumor Tissue Editing. Cells 2024; 13:908. [PMID: 38891040 PMCID: PMC11171955 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The future of drug delivery offers immense potential for the creation of nanoplatforms based on nanogels. Nanogels present a significant possibility for pharmaceutical advancements because of their excellent stability and effective drug-loading capability for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic agents. As multifunctional systems, composite nanogels demonstrate the capacity to carry genes, drugs, and diagnostic agents while offering a perfect platform for theranostic multimodal applications. Nanogels can achieve diverse responsiveness and enable the stimuli-responsive release of chemo-/immunotherapy drugs and thus reprogramming cells within the TME in order to inhibit tumor proliferation, progression, and metastasis. In order to achieve active targeting and boost drug accumulation at target sites, particular ligands can be added to nanogels to improve the therapeutic outcomes and enhance the precision of cancer therapy. Modern "immune-specific" nanogels also have extra sophisticated tumor tissue-editing properties. Consequently, the introduction of a multifunctional nanogel-based drug delivery system improves the targeted distribution of immunotherapy drugs and combinational therapeutic treatments, thereby increasing the effectiveness of tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Katopodi
- Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Savvas Petanidis
- Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Department of Pulmonology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - George Floros
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, 38334 Volos, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Porpodis
- Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, G. Papanikolaou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Christoforos Kosmidis
- Third Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Blériot C, Dunsmore G, Alonso-Curbelo D, Ginhoux F. A temporal perspective for tumor-associated macrophage identities and functions. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:747-758. [PMID: 38670090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a progressive disease that can develop and evolve over decades, with inflammation playing a central role at each of its stages, from tumor initiation to metastasis. In this context, macrophages represent well-established bridges reciprocally linking inflammation and cancer via an array of diverse functions that have spurred efforts to classify them into subtypes. Here, we discuss the intertwines between macrophages, inflammation, and cancer with an emphasis on temporal dynamics of macrophage diversity and functions in pre-malignancy and cancer. By instilling temporal dynamism into the more static classic view of tumor-associated macrophage biology, we propose a new framework to better contextualize their significance in the inflammatory processes that precede and result from the onset of cancer and shape its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Blériot
- Gustave Roussy, INSERM, Villejuif, France; Institut Necker des Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Direna Alonso-Curbelo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Gustave Roussy, INSERM, Villejuif, France; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS, Singapore, Singapore.
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10
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He Y, Zhu M, Lai X, Zhang H, Jiang W. The roles of PD-L1 in the various stages of tumor metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10189-4. [PMID: 38733457 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between tumor programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and T-cell programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) has long been acknowledged as a mechanism for evading immune surveillance. Recent studies, however, have unveiled a more nuanced role of tumor-intrinsic PD-L1 in reprograming tumoral phenotypes. Preclinical models emphasize the synchronized effects of both intracellular and extracellular PD-L1 in promoting metastasis, with intricate interactions with the immune system. This review aims to summarize recent findings to elucidate the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression and the pro-metastatic roles of PD-L1 in the entire process of tumor metastasis. For example, PD-L1 regulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, facilitates the survival of circulating tumor cells, and induces the formation of immunosuppressive environments at pre-metastatic niches and metastatic sites. And the complexed and dynamic regulation process of PD-L1 for tumor metastasis is related to the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression and functions from tumor primary sites to various metastatic sites. This review extends the current understandings for the roles of PD-L1 in mediating tumor metastasis and provides new insights into therapeutic decisions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjun He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xuan Lai
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Weiqin Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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11
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Meng L, Zhang C, Yu P. Treating cancer through modulating exosomal protein loading and function: The prospects of natural products and traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107179. [PMID: 38615876 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, small yet vital extracellular vesicles, play an integral role in intercellular communication. They transport critical components, such as proteins, lipid bilayers, DNA, RNA, and glycans, to target cells. These vesicles are crucial in modulating the extracellular matrix and orchestrating signal transduction processes. In oncology, exosomes are pivotal in tumor growth, metastasis, drug resistance, and immune modulation within the tumor microenvironment. Exosomal proteins, noted for their stability and specificity, have garnered widespread attention. This review delves into the mechanisms of exosomal protein loading and their impact on tumor development, with a focus on the regulatory effects of natural products and traditional Chinese medicine on exosomal protein loading and function. These insights not only offer new strategies and methodologies for cancer treatment but also provide scientific bases and directions for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Pei Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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12
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Siebert JN, Shah JV, Tan MC, Riman RE, Pierce MC, Lattime EC, Ganapathy V, Moghe PV. Early Detection of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Lung Pre-Metastatic Niche by Shortwave Infrared Nanoprobes. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:549. [PMID: 38675210 PMCID: PMC11053826 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer remains a significant source of mortality amongst breast cancer patients and is generally considered incurable in part due to the difficulty in detection of early micro-metastases. The pre-metastatic niche (PMN) is a tissue microenvironment that has undergone changes to support the colonization and growth of circulating tumor cells, a key component of which is the myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC). Therefore, the MDSC has been identified as a potential biomarker for PMN formation, the detection of which would enable clinicians to proactively treat metastases. However, there is currently no technology capable of the in situ detection of MDSCs available in the clinic. Here, we propose the use of shortwave infrared-emitting nanoprobes for the tracking of MDSCs and identification of the PMN. Our rare-earth albumin nanocomposites (ReANCs) are engineered to bind the Gr-1 surface marker of murine MDSCs. When delivered intravenously in murine models of breast cancer with high rates of metastasis, the targeted ReANCs demonstrated an increase in localization to the lungs in comparison to control ReANCs. However, no difference was seen in the model with slower rates of metastasis. This highlights the potential utility of MDSC-targeted nanoprobes to assess PMN development and prognosticate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake N. Siebert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jay V. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Mei Chee Tan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Rd., Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Richard E. Riman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Mark C. Pierce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Edmund C. Lattime
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Vidya Ganapathy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation for Childhood Cancer, 333 E. Lancaster Ave., #414, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
| | - Prabhas V. Moghe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, 98 Brett Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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13
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Dhamdhere MR, Spiegelman VS. Extracellular vesicles in neuroblastoma: role in progression, resistance to therapy and diagnostics. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385875. [PMID: 38660306 PMCID: PMC11041043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid pediatric cancer, and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in children. Despite the current multi-modal treatment regimens, majority of patients with advanced-stage NBs develop therapeutic resistance and relapse, leading to poor disease outcomes. There is a large body of knowledge on pathophysiological role of small extracellular vesicles (EVs) in progression and metastasis of multiple cancer types, however, the importance of EVs in NB was until recently not well understood. Studies emerging in the last few years have demonstrated the involvement of EVs in various aspects of NB pathogenesis. In this review we summarize these recent findings and advances on the role EVs play in NB progression, such as tumor growth, metastasis and therapeutic resistance, that could be helpful for future investigations in NB EV research. We also discuss different strategies for therapeutic targeting of NB-EVs as well as utilization of NB-EVs as potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir S. Spiegelman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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14
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Roweth HG. Platelet Contributions to the (Pre)metastatic Tumor Microenvironment. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024; 50:455-461. [PMID: 37832586 PMCID: PMC11177183 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Alongside their conventional roles in thrombosis and hemostasis, platelets have long been associated with nonhemostatic pathologies, including tumor cell metastasis. Numerous mechanistic studies have since demonstrated that the direct binding of platelets to intravascular tumor cells promotes key hallmarks of metastasis, including survival in circulation and tumor cell arrest at secondary sites. However, platelets also interact with nonmalignant cells that make up the stromal and immune compartments within both primary and metastatic tumors. This review will first provide a brief historical perspective on platelet contributions to metastatic disease before discussing the emerging roles that platelets play in creating microenvironments that likely support successful tumor cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey G. Roweth
- Hematology Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Tzetzo SL, Kramer ED, Mohammadpour H, Kim M, Rosario SR, Yu H, Dolan MR, Oturkar CC, Morreale BG, Bogner PN, Stablewski AB, Benavides FJ, Brackett CM, Ebos JM, Das GM, Opyrchal M, Nemeth MJ, Evans SS, Abrams SI. Downregulation of IRF8 in alveolar macrophages by G-CSF promotes metastatic tumor progression. iScience 2024; 27:109187. [PMID: 38420590 PMCID: PMC10901102 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are abundant immune cells within pre-metastatic sites, yet their functional contributions to metastasis remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that alveolar macrophages (AMs), the main TRMs of the lung, are susceptible to downregulation of the immune stimulatory transcription factor IRF8, impairing anti-metastatic activity in models of metastatic breast cancer. G-CSF is a key tumor-associated factor (TAF) that acts upon AMs to reduce IRF8 levels and facilitate metastasis. Translational relevance of IRF8 downregulation was observed among macrophage precursors in breast cancer and a CD68hiIRF8loG-CSFhi gene signature suggests poorer prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a G-CSF-expressing subtype. Our data highlight the underappreciated, pro-metastatic roles of AMs in response to G-CSF and identify the contribution of IRF8-deficient AMs to metastatic burden. AMs are an attractive target of local neoadjuvant G-CSF blockade to recover anti-metastatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Tzetzo
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Elliot D. Kramer
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Hemn Mohammadpour
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Minhyung Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Spencer R. Rosario
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Melissa R. Dolan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Chetan C. Oturkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Brian G. Morreale
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Paul N. Bogner
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Aimee B. Stablewski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Fernando J. Benavides
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Craig M. Brackett
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - John M.L. Ebos
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Gokul M. Das
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Mateusz Opyrchal
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michael J. Nemeth
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sharon S. Evans
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Scott I. Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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16
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Li Y, Zheng Y, Tan X, Du Y, Wei Y, Liu S. Extracellular vesicle-mediated pre-metastatic niche formation via altering host microenvironments. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1367373. [PMID: 38495881 PMCID: PMC10940351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1367373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The disordered growth, invasion and metastasis of cancer are mainly attributed to bidirectional cell-cell interactions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by cancer cells are involved in orchestrating the formation of pre-metastatic niches (PMNs). Tumor-derived EVs mediate bidirectional communication between tumor and stromal cells in local and distant microenvironments. EVs carrying mRNAs, small RNAs, microRNAs, DNA fragments, proteins and metabolites determine metastatic organotropism, enhance angiogenesis, modulate stroma cell phenotypes, restructure the extracellular matrix, induce immunosuppression and modify the metabolic environment of organs. Evidence indicates that EVs educate stromal cells in secondary sites to establish metastasis-supportive microenvironments for seeding tumor cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of PMN formation and the underlying mechanisms mediated by EVs. Potential approaches to inhibit cancer metastasis by inhibiting the formation of PMNs are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Operating Room, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojie Tan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongxing Du
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxin Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shanglong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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17
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Chang L, Xu L, Tian Y, Liu Z, Song M, Li S, Zhang X, Chen Y, Hao Q, Lu Y, Zhen Y. NLRP6 deficiency suppresses colorectal cancer liver metastasis growth by modulating M-MDSC-induced immunosuppressive microenvironment. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167035. [PMID: 38278335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) a profound influence on the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), prompting a comprehensive inquiry into its underlying mechanisms. Amidst the multifaceted tumor microenvironment, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as pivotal orchestrators of immune modulation. However, their specific contributions to the CRLM have not been explored. The role of NLRP6, a member of the NOD-like receptor family, is of interest. Employing a liver metastasis model, our investigation revealed a heightened accumulation of monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs) within metastatic sites, culminating in an immunosuppressive milieu characterized by depleted CD8+ T cell populations. Remarkably, the absence of NLRP6 disrupts this intricate immunosuppressive network, highlighting its nuanced role in sculpting the trajectory of CRLM. This study elucidates the interplay between NLRP6 and MDSCs, potentially guiding novel therapeutic strategies to recalibrate the immune microenvironment in CRLM and enhance patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzheng Chang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Yuying Tian
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010107, China
| | - Zherui Liu
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100039, China; Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Meiru Song
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100039, China; Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xinfeng Zhang
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Qiuyao Hao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Yinying Lu
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100039, China; The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Beijing 100039, China; Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Yunhuan Zhen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China.
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18
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Yi T, Wagner G. Malignant tumor cells engender second membrane-lined organelles for self-protection and tumor progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317141121. [PMID: 38294933 PMCID: PMC10861905 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317141121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of mortality in humans, but the efficacy of current treatments for many cancers is limited, as they lack unique mechanistically defined targets. Here, we show that, upon malignant transformation, aggressive oncocells generate a second membrane exterior to their plasma membrane to form cytocapsulas (CCs) and cytocapsular tubes (CCTs), which all together constitute cytocapsular oncocells with pleotropic biological functions in cancer patient tissues in vivo. Proteomic and biochemical analyses revealed that the PMCA2 calcium pump is highly up-regulated in CCs and CCTs in malignant tumors but not in normal tissues, thus identifying a unique cancer biomarker and target for cancer therapy. Cytocapsular oncocells are universally present in solid cancers and appear in hematologic cancers in immune organs. Multi-cell malignant tumors are also enveloped by protective CC membranes. These cytocapsular tumors (CTs) generate numerous CCTs that form freeways for cancer cell metastasis to both neighboring and distant destinations. Entire cytocapsular tumor networks (CTNs) dominate physical cancer metastasis pathways in cancer patients in vivo. Later, CCTs invade micro blood vessels and release cytocapsular oncocells into the blood, providing a source of circulating tumor cells. CTNs interconnect cytocapsular tumors in primary and secondary cancer niches, creating larger cytocapsular tumor network systems (CTNSs). Primary and secondary CTNSs are in turn interconnected, forming dynamic and integrated CTNSs. Thus, interconnected cytocapsular oncocells, CTNs, and CTNSs coordinate cancer progression via the integrated cytocapsular membrane systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingfang Yi
- Cytocapsula Research Institute, Cambridge, MA02142
- Centiver Ltd., Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Gerhard Wagner
- Cytocapsula Research Institute, Cambridge, MA02142
- Centiver Ltd., Cambridge, MA02142
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
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19
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Michaud DE, Guerriero JL. Myeloid Cells Pave the Metastatic Road in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2024; 84:181-183. [PMID: 38055893 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-3803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Current immunotherapeutic approaches are tailored towards biomarkers and mechanisms presented in the primary tumor microenvironment, yet few are designed against targets that arise in the metastatic site. In a recent Cancer Discovery article, Yofe and colleagues spatially and temporally mapped the evolving breast tumor metastatic environment within the lung at single-cell resolution to identify immunologic cell types and mechanisms underlying the formation of metastatic nodules. The authors identified myeloid cell, monocyte, and neutrophil phenotypes as the most significant differences between the primary tumor and metastatic site. The authors also revealed the existence of a metastasis-specific population of macrophages expressing Trem2 in both human and murine models that exhibit immunosuppressive features. Interestingly, Trem2+ macrophages are enriched at the invasive border of metastatic nodules compared with the metastatic core, suggesting they play an exclusionary role within the site. Characterization of the premetastatic lung in conjunction with pseudotime lineage analysis revealed that Fn1+ monocytes precede metastasis formation and are the likely source of Trem2+ macrophages in developed nodules. This study supports the characterization of metastatic immune microenvironments to identify novel immunotherapeutic targets that may not exist within the primary site but play a significant role in patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Michaud
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer L Guerriero
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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20
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Shen P, Cheng P, Li Y, Zong G, Deng R, Qian C, Zhao Y, Wei Z, Lu Y. Unveiling the covert interaction between gut microbiota and neutrophils to drive colorectal cancer metastasis. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 962:176217. [PMID: 38036200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the microenvironment preceding liver metastasis is intricately linked to the intestinal tract. In recent years, mounting evidence has revealed the significant involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in tumor metastasis, particularly in liver metastasis. Disruption of the intestinal barrier can lead to the translocation of bacteria and their metabolites, such as lipopolysaccharide, into the liver. As the primary defense against pathogens, NETs help eliminate gut-derived toxins and shape the liver's inflammatory and immunosuppressive environment. However, this double-edged sword effect can potentially stimulate tumor metastasis by creating a fertile ground for the growth of intestinal tumor cells due to impaired liver tissue and reduced activity of killer immune cells. This comprehensive review systematically describes the influence factors and mechanisms of NETs in colon cancer metastasis and explores their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiliang Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacolgy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacolgy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacolgy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Gangfan Zong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacolgy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacolgy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacolgy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhonghong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacolgy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacolgy and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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21
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Schmidtmann M, D’Souza-Schorey C. Extracellular Vesicles: Biological Packages That Modulate Tumor Cell Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5617. [PMID: 38067320 PMCID: PMC10705367 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression, from early-stage invasion to the formation of distal metastases, relies on the capacity of tumor cells to modify the extracellular matrix (ECM) and communicate with the surrounding stroma. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide an important means to regulate cell invasion due to the selective inclusion of cargoes such as proteases and matrix proteins into EVs that can degrade or modify the ECM. EVs have also been shown to facilitate intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment through paracrine signaling, which can impact ECM invasion by cancer cells. Here, we describe the current knowledge of EVs as facilitators of tumor invasion by virtue of their effects on proteolytic degradation and modification of the ECM, their ability to educate the stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, and their role as mediators of long-range communication aiding in cell invasion and matrix remodeling at secondary sites.
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22
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Tyagi A. Editorial: Cellular and molecular characteristics of the pre-metastatic niche. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1298958. [PMID: 37941563 PMCID: PMC10628720 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1298958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Tyagi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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23
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Cohen N, Mundhe D, Deasy SK, Adler O, Ershaid N, Shami T, Levi-Galibov O, Wassermann R, Scherz-Shouval R, Erez N. Breast Cancer-Secreted Factors Promote Lung Metastasis by Signaling Systemically to Induce a Fibrotic Premetastatic Niche. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3354-3367. [PMID: 37548552 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer is largely incurable and is the main cause of cancer-related deaths. The metastatic microenvironment facilitates formation of metastases. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are crucial players in generating a hospitable metastatic niche by mediating an inflammatory microenvironment. Fibroblasts also play a central role in modifying the architecture and stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Resolving the early changes in the metastatic niche could help identify approaches to inhibit metastatic progression. Here, we demonstrate in mouse models of spontaneous breast cancer pulmonary metastasis that fibrotic changes and rewiring of lung fibroblasts occurred at premetastatic stages, suggesting systemic influence by the primary tumor. Activin A (ActA), a TGFβ superfamily member, was secreted from breast tumors and its levels in the blood were highly elevated in tumor-bearing mice. ActA upregulated the expression of profibrotic factors in lung fibroblasts, leading to enhanced collagen deposition in the lung premetastatic niche. ActA signaling was functionally important for lung metastasis, as genetic targeting of ActA in breast cancer cells significantly attenuated lung metastasis and improved survival. Moreover, high levels of ActA in human patients with breast cancer were associated with lung metastatic relapse and poor survival. This study uncovers a novel mechanism by which breast cancer cells systemically rewire the stromal microenvironment in the metastatic niche to facilitate pulmonary metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE ActA mediates cross-talk between breast cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts in the lung metastatic niche that enhances fibrosis and metastasis, implicating ActA as a potential therapeutic target to inhibit metastatic relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Cohen
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dhanashree Mundhe
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sarah K Deasy
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Omer Adler
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nour Ershaid
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Shami
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Oshrat Levi-Galibov
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rina Wassermann
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ruth Scherz-Shouval
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Neta Erez
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Xie L, Qiu S, Lu C, Gu C, Wang J, Lv J, Fang L, Chen Z, Li Y, Jiang T, Xia Y, Wang W, Li B, Xu Z. Gastric cancer-derived LBP promotes liver metastasis by driving intrahepatic fibrotic pre-metastatic niche formation. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:258. [PMID: 37789385 PMCID: PMC10546721 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver metastasis (LM) is one of the most common distant metastases of gastric cancer (GC). However, the mechanisms underlying the LM of GC (GC-LM) remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the tumour-secreted protein associated with GC-LM and to investigate the mechanisms by which this secreted protein remodels the liver microenvironment to promote GC-LM. METHODS Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS), mRNA expression microarray, quantitative real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to identify and validate the GC-secreted proteins associated with GC-LM. A modified intrasplenic injection mouse model of LM was used to evaluate the progression and tumour burden of LM in vivo. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence (IF), western blots (WB) and IHC were performed to validate the pre-metastatic niche (PMN) formation in the pre-modelling mouse models. mRNA sequencing of PMA-treated THP-1 cells with or without lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) treatment was used to identify the functional target genes of LBP in macrophages. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), WB, ELISA, IF and Transwell assays were performed to explore the underlying mechanism of LBP in inducing intrahepatic PMN formation. RESULTS LBP was identified as a critical secreted protein associated with GC-LM and correlated with a worse prognosis in patients with GC. LBP activated the TLR4/NF-κB pathway to promote TGF-β1 secretion in intrahepatic macrophages, which, in turn, activated hepatic satellite cells (HSCs) to direct intrahepatic fibrotic PMN formation. Additionally, TGF-β1 enhanced the migration and invasion of incoming metastatic GC cells in the liver. Consequently, selective targeting of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway with galunisertib demonstrated its efficacy in effectively preventing GC-LM in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide compelling evidence that serological LBP can serve as a valuable diagnostic biomarker for the early detection of GC-LM. Mechanistically, GC-derived LBP mediates the crosstalk between primary GC cells and the intrahepatic microenvironment by promoting TGF-β1 secretion in intrahepatic macrophages, which induces intrahepatic fibrotic PMN formation to promote GC-LM. Importantly, selectively targeting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway with galunisertib represents a promising preventive and therapeutic strategy for GC-LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Shengkui Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Chao Gu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Jihuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Jialun Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Lang Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Zetian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Tianlu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Yiwen Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China.
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211166, China.
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McDonald B, Barth K, Schmidt MHH. The origin of brain malignancies at the blood-brain barrier. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:282. [PMID: 37688612 PMCID: PMC10492883 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in extracranial therapy, survival rate for patients suffering from brain metastases remains very poor. This is coupled with the incidence of brain metastases continuing to rise. In this review, we focus on core contributions of the blood-brain barrier to the origin of brain metastases. We first provide an overview of the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier under physiological conditions. Next, we discuss the emerging idea of a pre-metastatic niche, namely that secreted factors and extracellular vesicles from a primary tumor site are able to travel through the circulation and prime the neurovasculature for metastatic invasion. We then consider the neurotropic mechanisms that circulating tumor cells possess or develop that facilitate disruption of the blood-brain barrier and survival in the brain's parenchyma. Finally, we compare and contrast brain metastases at the blood-brain barrier to the primary brain tumor, glioma, examining the process of vessel co-option that favors the survival and outgrowth of brain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan McDonald
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Barth
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko H H Schmidt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
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Asao T, Tobias GC, Lucotti S, Jones DR, Matei I, Lyden D. Extracellular vesicles and particles as mediators of long-range communication in cancer: connecting biological function to clinical applications. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 4:461-485. [PMID: 38707985 PMCID: PMC11067132 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2023.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) have emerged as critical mediators of intercellular communication, participating in numerous physiological and pathological processes. In the context of cancer, EVPs exert local effects, such as increased invasiveness, motility, and reprogramming of tumor stroma, as well as systemic effects, including pre-metastatic niche formation, determining organotropism, promoting metastasis and altering the homeostasis of various organs and systems, such as the liver, muscle, and circulatory system. This review provides an overview of the critical advances in EVP research during the past decade, highlighting the heterogeneity of EVPs, their roles in intercellular communication, cancer progression, and metastasis. Moreover, the clinical potential of systemic EVPs as useful cancer biomarkers and therapeutic agents is explored. Last but not least, the progress in EVP analysis technologies that have facilitated these discoveries is discussed, which may further propel EVP research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiko Asao
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell & Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 163-8001, Japan
| | - Gabriel Cardial Tobias
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell & Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Serena Lucotti
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell & Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - David R. Jones
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Irina Matei
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell & Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - David Lyden
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell & Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
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27
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Suman S, Markovic SN. Melanoma-derived mediators can foster the premetastatic niche: crossroad to lymphatic metastasis. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:724-743. [PMID: 37573226 PMCID: PMC10528107 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The natural history of advanced malignant melanoma demonstrates that, in most cases, widespread tumor dissemination is preceded by regional metastases involving tumor-draining lymph nodes [sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs)]. Under physiological conditions, LNs play a central role in immunosurveillance to non-self-antigens to which they are exposed via afferent lymph. The dysfunctional immunity in SLNs is mediated by tumor secretory factors that allow the survival of metastatic melanoma cells within the LN by creating a premetastatic niche (PMN). Recent studies outline the altered microenvironment of LNs shaped by melanoma mediators. Here, we discuss tumor secretory factors involved in subverting tumor immunity and remodeling LNs and highlight emerging therapeutic strategies to reinvigorate antitumoral immunity in SLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Suman
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Svetomir N Markovic
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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28
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Ashekyan O, Shahbazyan N, Bareghamyan Y, Kudryavzeva A, Mandel D, Schmidt M, Loeffler-Wirth H, Uduman M, Chand D, Underwood D, Armen G, Arakelyan A, Nersisyan L, Binder H. Transcriptomic Maps of Colorectal Liver Metastasis: Machine Learning of Gene Activation Patterns and Epigenetic Trajectories in Support of Precision Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3835. [PMID: 37568651 PMCID: PMC10417131 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of the liver metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRLM) remain poorly understood. Here, we applied machine learning and bioinformatics trajectory inference to analyze a gene expression dataset of CRLM. We studied the co-regulation patterns at the gene level, the potential paths of tumor development, their functional context, and their prognostic relevance. Our analysis confirmed the subtyping of five liver metastasis subtypes (LMS). We provide gene-marker signatures for each LMS, and a comprehensive functional characterization that considers both the hallmarks of cancer and the tumor microenvironment. The ordering of CRLMs along a pseudotime-tree revealed a continuous shift in expression programs, suggesting a developmental relationship between the subtypes. Notably, trajectory inference and personalized analysis discovered a range of epigenetic states that shape and guide metastasis progression. By constructing prognostic maps that divided the expression landscape into regions associated with favorable and unfavorable prognoses, we derived a prognostic expression score. This was associated with critical processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, treatment resistance, and immune evasion. These factors were associated with responses to neoadjuvant treatment and the formation of an immuno-suppressive, mesenchymal state. Our machine learning-based molecular profiling provides an in-depth characterization of CRLM heterogeneity with possible implications for treatment and personalized diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohanes Ashekyan
- Armenian Bioinformatics Institute, 3/6 Nelson Stepanyan Str., Yerevan 0062, Armenia; (O.A.); (N.S.); (Y.B.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Nerses Shahbazyan
- Armenian Bioinformatics Institute, 3/6 Nelson Stepanyan Str., Yerevan 0062, Armenia; (O.A.); (N.S.); (Y.B.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Yeva Bareghamyan
- Armenian Bioinformatics Institute, 3/6 Nelson Stepanyan Str., Yerevan 0062, Armenia; (O.A.); (N.S.); (Y.B.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Anna Kudryavzeva
- Armenian Bioinformatics Institute, 3/6 Nelson Stepanyan Str., Yerevan 0062, Armenia; (O.A.); (N.S.); (Y.B.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Daria Mandel
- Armenian Bioinformatics Institute, 3/6 Nelson Stepanyan Str., Yerevan 0062, Armenia; (O.A.); (N.S.); (Y.B.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Maria Schmidt
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (H.L.-W.)
| | - Henry Loeffler-Wirth
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (H.L.-W.)
| | - Mohamed Uduman
- Agenus Inc., 3 Forbes Road, Lexington, MA 7305, USA; (M.U.); (D.C.); (D.U.); (G.A.)
| | - Dhan Chand
- Agenus Inc., 3 Forbes Road, Lexington, MA 7305, USA; (M.U.); (D.C.); (D.U.); (G.A.)
| | - Dennis Underwood
- Agenus Inc., 3 Forbes Road, Lexington, MA 7305, USA; (M.U.); (D.C.); (D.U.); (G.A.)
| | - Garo Armen
- Agenus Inc., 3 Forbes Road, Lexington, MA 7305, USA; (M.U.); (D.C.); (D.U.); (G.A.)
| | - Arsen Arakelyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, 7 Has-Ratyan Str., Yerevan 0014, Armenia;
| | - Lilit Nersisyan
- Armenian Bioinformatics Institute, 3/6 Nelson Stepanyan Str., Yerevan 0062, Armenia; (O.A.); (N.S.); (Y.B.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Hans Binder
- Armenian Bioinformatics Institute, 3/6 Nelson Stepanyan Str., Yerevan 0062, Armenia; (O.A.); (N.S.); (Y.B.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (L.N.)
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (H.L.-W.)
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29
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Terceiro LEL, Ikeogu NM, Lima MF, Edechi CA, Nickel BE, Fischer G, Leygue E, McManus KJ, Myal Y. Navigating the Blood-Brain Barrier: Challenges and Therapeutic Strategies in Breast Cancer Brain Metastases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12034. [PMID: 37569410 PMCID: PMC10418424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women, with metastatic BC being responsible for the highest number of deaths. A frequent site for BC metastasis is the brain. Brain metastasis derived from BC involves the cooperation of multiple genetic, epigenetic, angiogenic, and tumor-stroma interactions. Most of these interactions provide a unique opportunity for development of new therapeutic targets. Potentially targetable signaling pathways are Notch, Wnt, and the epidermal growth factor receptors signaling pathways, all of which are linked to driving BC brain metastasis (BCBM). However, a major challenge in treating brain metastasis remains the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This barrier restricts the access of unwanted molecules, cells, and targeted therapies to the brain parenchyma. Moreover, current therapies to treat brain metastases, such as stereotactic radiosurgery and whole-brain radiotherapy, have limited efficacy. Promising new drugs like phosphatase and kinase modulators, as well as BBB disruptors and immunotherapeutic strategies, have shown the potential to ease the disease in preclinical studies, but remain limited by multiple resistance mechanisms. This review summarizes some of the current understanding of the mechanisms involved in BC brain metastasis and highlights current challenges as well as opportunities in strategic designs of potentially successful future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas E. L. Terceiro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; (L.E.L.T.); (C.A.E.); (B.E.N.); (G.F.)
| | - Nnamdi M. Ikeogu
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada;
| | - Matheus F. Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
| | - Chidalu A. Edechi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; (L.E.L.T.); (C.A.E.); (B.E.N.); (G.F.)
| | - Barbara E. Nickel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; (L.E.L.T.); (C.A.E.); (B.E.N.); (G.F.)
| | - Gabor Fischer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; (L.E.L.T.); (C.A.E.); (B.E.N.); (G.F.)
| | - Etienne Leygue
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (E.L.); (K.J.M.)
| | - Kirk J. McManus
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (E.L.); (K.J.M.)
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Yvonne Myal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada; (L.E.L.T.); (C.A.E.); (B.E.N.); (G.F.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
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Geetha R, Iyer S, Keechilat P, N GI, Thankappan KK, N V S. Evaluation of premetastatic changes in lymph nodes(pN0) of oral tongue tumour: A prospective observational Study. F1000Res 2023; 12:889. [PMID: 37786649 PMCID: PMC10541534 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.138951.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tongue tumors show intra and inter-tumoral heterogenicity with high incidence, relapse and mortality rates necessitating further research. Recurrence/metastasis that occurs after surgical resection of primary cancer is often the reason for poor survival in these patients. Lymph nodes are the most common site of metastasis in tongue tumors. Therefore, premetastatic molecular changes can be best evaluated in lymph nodes which may epitomize the earliest events in the metastasis cascades. The presence of circulating tumor cells(CTCs) in the absence of nodal disease (N0) may represent tumor aggressiveness, suggesting an immune escape which may have high metastatic potential. This trial was developed to investigate the earliest pre-metastatic changes which may regulate tumor dormancy and predict metastasis. A better understanding of organotropism or pre-metastatic changes can help in theragnostic, thereby preventing the outbreak of overt metastasis. Methods: A single-institutional prospective observational cohort study. This trial will be conducted at a tertiary care Centre (Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences Kochi). Eligible patients will be enrolled after obtaining informed consent. The dissected lymph nodes will be subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses for premetastatic niche (PMN) formation. In addition, circulating tumor cells will be evaluated before treatment and 6 months after treatment. The patients will be followed up for a period of two years to correlate the findings with the recurrence-free survival. Expected results: The pre-metastatic changes, if detected will be a predictive biomarker. It may help to define future drug targets for metastasis chemoprevention . CTCs may define the tumor aggressiveness ,there by prognostication and helps in better disease management. Ethics and dissemination: The study has received the following approval: Ethics Committee of Amrita School of Medicine (ECASM-AIMS-2022-048).Trial Registered Prospectively( CTRI/2022/03/041256 ) on 22/03/2022 under Clinical Trial Registry of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalakshmi Geetha
- Head and Neck Surgery/Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences - Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Subramania Iyer
- Head and Neck Surgery/Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences - Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Pavithran Keechilat
- Medical Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences - Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Krishna Kumar Thankappan
- Head and Neck Surgery/Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences - Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Smitha N V
- Department of Pathology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences -Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
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McGinnis CS, Miao Z, Reticker-Flynn NE, Winker J, Satpathy AT. The temporal progression of immune remodeling during metastasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.04.539153. [PMID: 37205523 PMCID: PMC10187284 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.04.539153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis requires systemic remodeling of distant organ microenvironments which impacts immune cell phenotypes, population structure, and intercellular communication networks. However, our understanding of immune phenotypic dynamics in the metastatic niche remains incomplete. Here, we longitudinally assayed lung immune cell gene expression profiles in mice bearing PyMT-driven metastatic breast tumors from the onset of primary tumorigenesis, through formation of the pre-metastatic niche, to the final stages of metastatic outgrowth. Computational analysis of these data revealed an ordered series of immunological changes that correspond to metastatic progression. Specifically, we uncovered a TLR-NFκB myeloid inflammatory program which correlates with pre-metastatic niche formation and mirrors described signatures of CD14+ 'activated' MDSCs in the primary tumor. Moreover, we observed that cytotoxic NK cell proportions increased over time which illustrates how the PyMT lung metastatic niche is both inflammatory and immunosuppressive. Finally, we predicted metastasis-associated immune intercellular signaling interactions involving Igf1 and Ccl6 which may organize the metastatic niche. In summary, this work identifies novel immunological signatures of metastasis and discovers new details about established mechanisms that drive metastatic progression. Graphical abstract In brief McGinnis et al. report a longitudinal scRNA-seq atlas of lung immune cells in mice bearing PyMT-driven metastatic breast tumors and identify immune cell transcriptional states, shifts in population structure, and rewiring of cell-cell signaling networks which correlate with metastatic progression. Highlights Longitudinal scRNA-seq reveals distinct stages of immune remodeling before, during, and after metastatic colonization in the lungs of PyMT mice.TLR-NFκB inflammation correlates with pre-metastatic niche formation and involves both tissue-resident and bone marrow-derived myeloid cell populations. Inflammatory lung myeloid cells mirror 'activated' primary tumor MDSCs, suggesting that primary tumor-derived cues induce Cd14 expression and TLR-NFκB inflammation in the lung. Lymphocytes contribute to the inflammatory and immunosuppressive lung metastatic microenvironment, highlighted by enrichment of cytotoxic NK cells in the lung over time. Cell-cell signaling network modeling predicts cell type-specific Ccl6 regulation and IGF1-IGF1R signaling between neutrophils and interstitial macrophages.
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