1
|
Church TL, Eriksson L, Leandri V, Gardner JM, Hedin N. A microporous polymer based on nonconjugated hindered biphenyls that emits blue light. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14923. [PMID: 38942951 PMCID: PMC11213909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Microporous organic polymers that have three-dimensional connectivity stemming from monomers with tetrahedral or tetrahedron-like geometry can have high surface areas and strong fluorescence. There are however few examples of such polymers based on hindered biaryls, and their fluorescence has not been studied. Hypothesizing that the contortion in a hindered biphenyl moiety would modulate the optical properties of a polymer built from it, we synthesized a meta-enchained polyphenylene from a 2,2',6,6'-tetramethylbiphenyl-based monomer, in which the two phenyl rings are nearly mutually perpendicular. The polymer was microporous with SBET = 495 m2 g-1. The polymer absorbed near-UV light and emitted blue fluorescence despite the meta-enchainment that would have been expected to break the conjugation. A related copolymer, synthesized from 2,2',6,6'-tetramethylbiphenyl-based and unsubstituted biphenyl-based monomers, was microporous but not fluorescent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L Church
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Eriksson
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valentina Leandri
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
- RISE Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, Forskargatan 20J, 15136, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - James M Gardner
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Hedin
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rajput SK, Mothika VS. Powders to Thin Films: Advances in Conjugated Microporous Polymer Chemical Sensors. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300730. [PMID: 38407503 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Chemical sensing of harmful species released either from natural or anthropogenic activities is critical to ensuring human safety and health. Over the last decade, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been proven to be potential sensor materials with the possibility of realizing sensing devices for practical applications. CMPs found to be unique among other porous materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) due to their high chemical/thermal stability, high surface area, microporosity, efficient host-guest interactions with the analyte, efficient exciton migration along the π-conjugated chains, and tailorable structure to target specific analytes. Several CMP-based optical, electrochemical, colorimetric, and ratiometric sensors with excellent selectivity and sensing performance were reported. This review comprehensively discusses the advances in CMP chemical sensors (powders and thin films) in the detection of nitroaromatic explosives, chemical warfare agents, anions, metal ions, biomolecules, iodine, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with simultaneous delineation of design strategy principles guiding the selectivity and sensitivity of CMP. Preceding this, various photophysical mechanisms responsible for chemical sensing are discussed in detail for convenience. Finally, future challenges to be addressed in the field of CMP chemical sensors are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Venkata Suresh Mothika
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sarvutiene J, Prentice U, Ramanavicius S, Ramanavicius A. Molecular imprinting technology for biomedical applications. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 71:108318. [PMID: 38266935 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), a type of biomimetic material, have attracted considerable interest owing to their cost-effectiveness, good physiochemical stability, favourable specificity and selectivity for target analytes, and widely used for various biological applications. It was demonstrated that MIPs with significant selectivity towards protein-based targets could be applied in medicine, diagnostics, proteomics, environmental analysis, sensors, various in vivo and/or in vitro applications, drug delivery systems, etc. This review provides an overview of MIPs dedicated to biomedical applications and insights into perspectives on the application of MIPs in newly emerging areas of biotechnology. Many different protocols applied for the synthesis of MIPs are overviewed in this review. The templates used for molecular imprinting vary from the minor glycosylated glycan-based structures, amino acids, and proteins to whole bacteria, which are also overviewed in this review. Economic, environmental, rapid preparation, stability, and reproducibility have been highlighted as significant advantages of MIPs. Particularly, some specialized MIPs, in addition to molecular recognition properties, can have high catalytic activity, which in some cases could be compared with other bio-catalytic systems. Therefore, such MIPs belong to the class of so-called 'artificial enzymes'. The discussion provided in this manuscript furnishes a comparative analysis of different approaches developed, underlining their relative advantages and disadvantages highlighting trends and possible future directions of MIP technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julija Sarvutiene
- Department of Nanotechnology, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekio av. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Urte Prentice
- Department of Nanotechnology, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekio av. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Simonas Ramanavicius
- Department of Nanotechnology, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekio av. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Department of Nanotechnology, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekio av. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rezk A, Ansari MHR, Ranjeesh KC, Gaber S, Kumar D, Merhi A, Kaafarani BR, Hassine MB, El-Atab N, Shetty D, Nayfeh A. Nano-scale charge trapping memory based on two-dimensional conjugated microporous polymer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18845. [PMID: 37914717 PMCID: PMC10620224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in new semiconductor nanostructures for future high-density high-performance flexible electronic devices. Two-dimensional conjugated microporous polymers (2D-CMPs) are promising candidates because of their inherent optoelectronic properties. Here, we are reporting a novel donor-acceptor type 2D-CMP based on Pyrene and Isoindigo (PI) for a potential nano-scale charge-trapping memory application. We exfoliated the PI polymer into ~ 2.5 nm thick nanoparticles (NPs) and fabricated a Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MIS) device with PI-NPs embedded in the insulator. Conductive AFM (cAFM) is used to examine the confinement mechanism as well as the local charge injection process, where ultrathin high-κ alumina supplied the energy barrier for confining the charge carrier transport. We have achieved a reproducible on-and-off state and a wide memory window (ΔV) of 1.5 V at a relatively small reading current. The device displays a low operation voltage (V < 1 V), with good retention (104 s), and endurance (103 cycles). Furthermore, a theoretical analysis is developed to affirm the measured charge carriers' transport and entrapment mechanisms through and within the fabricated MIS structures. The PI-NPs act as a nanoscale floating gate in the MIS-based memory with deep trapping sites for the charged carriers. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the synthesized 2D-CMP can be promising for future low-power high-density memory applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Rezk
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, UAE
| | - Md Hasan Raza Ansari
- Smart, Advanced Memory Devices and Applications (SAMA) Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Safa Gaber
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Dayanand Kumar
- Smart, Advanced Memory Devices and Applications (SAMA) Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej Merhi
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Bilal R Kaafarani
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Ben Hassine
- Electron Microscopy Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazek El-Atab
- Smart, Advanced Memory Devices and Applications (SAMA) Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dinesh Shetty
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Center (AMCC), Khalifa University, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Ammar Nayfeh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, UAE.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mousa AO, Lin ZI, Chuang CH, Chen CK, Kuo SW, Mohamed MG. Rational Design of Bifunctional Microporous Organic Polymers Containing Anthracene and Triphenylamine Units for Energy Storage and Biological Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108966. [PMID: 37240313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized two conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), An-Ph-TPA and An-Ph-Py CMPs, using the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. These CMPs are organic polymers with p-conjugated skeletons and persistent micro-porosity and contain anthracene (An) moieties linked to triphenylamine (TPA) and pyrene (Py) units. We characterized the chemical structures, porosities, thermal stabilities, and morphologies of the newly synthesized An-CMPs using spectroscopic, microscopic, and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm techniques. Our results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the An-Ph-TPA CMP displayed better thermal stability with Td10 = 467 °C and char yield of 57 wt% compared to the An-Ph-Py CMP with Td10 = 355 °C and char yield of 54 wt%. Furthermore, we evaluated the electrochemical performance of the An-linked CMPs and found that the An-Ph-TPA CMP had a higher capacitance of 116 F g-1 and better capacitance stability of 97% over 5000 cycles at 10 A g-1. In addition, we assessed the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of An-linked CMPs using the MTT assay and a live/dead cell viability assay and observed that they were non-toxic and biocompatible with high cell viability values after 24 or 48 h of incubation. These findings suggest that the An-based CMPs synthesized in this study have potential applications in electrochemical testing and the biological field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Osama Mousa
- Center of Crystal Research, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Ian Lin
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Chuang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Chen
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Center of Crystal Research, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Center of Crystal Research, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mei B, Sun M, Gao X, Yang Q. Biodiesel-assisted fabrication of porous polystyrene nanostructures and their excellent adsorption capacity. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1869032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Mei
- College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
| | - Mingbo Sun
- College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaohui Gao
- Western Drilling Engineering Co., Ltd., Karamay Drilling Company, Karamay, China
| | - Qing Yang
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ramanavicius S, Ramanavicius A. Development of molecularly imprinted polymer based phase boundaries for sensors design (review). Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 305:102693. [PMID: 35609398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Achievements in polymer chemistry enables to design artificial phase boundaries modified by imprints of selected molecules and some larger structures. These structures seem very useful for the design of new materials suitable for affinity chromatography and sensors. In this review, we are overviewing the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and the applicability of these MIPs in the design of affinity sensors. Such MIP-based layers or particles can be used as analyte-recognizing parts for sensors and in some cases they can replace very expensive compounds (e.g.: antibodies, receptors etc.), which are recognizing analyte. Many different polymers can be used for the formation of MIPs, but conducing polymers shows the most attractive capabilities for molecular-imprinting by various chemical compounds. Therefore, the application of conducting polymers (e.g.: polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), and ortho-phenylenediamine) seems very promising. Polypyrrole is one of the most suitable for the development of MIP-based structures with molecular imprints by analytes of various molecular weights. Overoxiation of polypyrrole enables to increase the selectivity of polypyrrole-based MIPs. Methods used for the synthesis of conducting polymer based MIPs are overviewed. Some methods, which are applied for the transduction of analytical signal, are discussed, and challenges and new trends in MIP-technology are foreseen.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang T, Gregoriou VG, Gasparini N, Chochos CL. Porous organic polymers in solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4465-4483. [PMID: 35583184 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00123c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their unique porosity and large surface area, porous organic polymers (POPs) have shown their presence in numerous novel applications. The tunability and functionality of both the pores and backbone of the material enable its suitability in photovoltaic devices. The porosity induced host-guest configurations as well as periodic donor-acceptor structures benefit the charge separation and charge transfer in photophysical processes. The role of POPS in other critical device components, such as hole transporting layers and electrodes, has also been demonstrated. Herein, this review will primarily focus on the recent progress made in applying POPs for solar cell device performance enhancement, covering organic solar cells, perovskite solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells. Based on the efforts in recent years in unraveling POP's photophysical process and its relevance with device performances, an in-depth analysis will be provided to address the gradual shift of attention from an entirely POP-based active layer to other device functional components. Combining the insights from device physics, material synthesis, and microfabrication, we aim to unfold the fundamental limitations and challenges of POPs and shed light on future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- Advent Technologies SA, Stadiou Street, Platani, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece. .,National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens, 11635, Greece
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Christos L Chochos
- Advent Technologies SA, Stadiou Street, Platani, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece. .,Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang W, Zuo H, Cheng Z, Shi Y, Guo Z, Meng N, Thomas A, Liao Y. Macroscale Conjugated Microporous Polymers: Controlling Versatile Functionalities Over Several Dimensions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104952. [PMID: 35181945 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since discovered in 2007, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been developed for numerous applications including gas adsorption, sensing, organic and photoredox catalysis, energy storage, etc. While featuring abundant micropores, the structural rigidity derived from CMPs' stable π-conjugated skeleton leads to insolubility and thus poor processability, which severely limits their applicability, e.g., in CMP-based devices. Hence, the development of CMPs whose structure can not only be controlled on the micro- but also on the macroscale have attracted tremendous interest. In conventional synthesis procedures, CMPs are obtained as powders, but in recent years various bottom-up synthesis strategies have been developed, which yield CMPs as thin films on substrates or as hybrid materials, allowing to span length scales from individual conjugated monomers to micro-/macrostructures. This review surveys recent advances on the construction of CMPs into macroscale structures, including membranes, films, aerogels, sponges, and other architectures. The focus is to describe the underlying fabrication techniques and the implications which follow from the macroscale morphologies, involving new chemistry and physics in such materials for applications like molecular separation/filtration/adsorption, energy storage and conversion, photothermal transformation, sensing, or catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hongyu Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhonghua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhengjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Nan Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Arne Thomas
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Sekretariat BA 2, Hardenbergstr. 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yaozu Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ramanavicius S, Samukaite-Bubniene U, Ratautaite V, Bechelany M, Ramanavicius A. Electrochemical Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Based Sensors for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications (Review). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 215:114739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
11
|
Han L, Peng Y, Ma J, Shi Z, Jia Q. Construction of hypercrosslinked polymers with styrene-based copolymer precursor for adsorption of rare earth elements. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
12
|
Wang S, Li H, Huang H, Cao X, Chen X, Cao D. Porous organic polymers as a platform for sensing applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2031-2080. [PMID: 35226024 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00059h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sensing analysis is significantly important for human health and environmental safety, and has gained increasing concern. As a promising material, porous organic polymers (POPs) have drawn widespread attention due to the availability of plentiful building blocks and their tunable structures, porosity and functions. Moreover, the permanent porous nature could provide a micro-environment to interact with guest molecules, rendering POPs attractive for application in the sensing field. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of POPs as a platform for sensing applications. POP-based sensors are mainly divided into five categories, including fluorescence turn-on sensors, fluorescence turn-off sensors, ratiometric fluorescent sensors, colorimetric sensors and chemiresistive sensors, and their various sensing applications in detecting explosives, metal ions, anions, small molecules, biological molecules, pH changes, enantiomers, latent fingerprints and thermosensation are summarized. The different structure-based POPs and their corresponding synthetic strategies as well as the related sensing mechanisms mainly including energy transfer, donor-acceptor electron transfer, absorption competition quenching and inner filter effect are also involved in the discussion. Finally, the future outlook and perspective are addressed briefly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Hongtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Huanan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 222005, China
| | - Xiaohua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 222005, China
| | - Xiudong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 222005, China
| | - Dapeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Electrochemically Deposited Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Sensors. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22031282. [PMID: 35162027 PMCID: PMC8838766 DOI: 10.3390/s22031282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This review is dedicated to the development of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and the application of MIPs in sensor design. MIP-based biological recognition parts can replace receptors or antibodies, which are rather expensive. Conducting polymers show unique properties that are applicable in sensor design. Therefore, MIP-based conducting polymers, including polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyaniline and ortho-phenylenediamine are frequently applied in sensor design. Some other materials that can be molecularly imprinted are also overviewed in this review. Among many imprintable materials conducting polymer, polypyrrole is one of the most suitable for molecular imprinting of various targets ranging from small organics up to rather large proteins. Some attention in this review is dedicated to overview methods applied to design MIP-based sensing structures. Some attention is dedicated to the physicochemical methods applied for the transduction of analytical signals. Expected new trends and horizons in the application of MIP-based structures are also discussed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ramanavicius S, Jagminas A, Ramanavicius A. Advances in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Based Affinity Sensors (Review). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:974. [PMID: 33810074 PMCID: PMC8004762 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent challenges in biomedical diagnostics show that the development of rapid affinity sensors is very important issue. Therefore, in this review we are aiming to outline the most important directions of affinity sensors where polymer-based semiconducting materials are applied. Progress in formation and development of such materials is overviewed and discussed. Some applicability aspects of conducting polymers in the design of affinity sensors are presented. The main attention is focused on bioanalytical application of conducting polymers such as polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) ortho-phenylenediamine. In addition, some other polymers and inorganic materials that are suitable for molecular imprinting technology are also overviewed. Polymerization techniques, which are the most suitable for the development of composite structures suitable for affinity sensors are presented. Analytical signal transduction methods applied in affinity sensors based on polymer-based semiconducting materials are discussed. In this review the most attention is focused on the development and application of molecularly imprinted polymer-based structures, which can replace antibodies, receptors, and many others expensive affinity reagents. The applicability of electrochromic polymers in affinity sensor design is envisaged. Sufficient biocompatibility of some conducting polymers enables to apply them as "stealth coatings" in the future implantable affinity-sensors. Some new perspectives and trends in analytical application of polymer-based semiconducting materials are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simonas Ramanavicius
- Department of Electrochemical Material Science, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (S.R.); (A.J.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Jagminas
- Department of Electrochemical Material Science, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (S.R.); (A.J.)
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Z, Yin Y, Eginligil M, Wang L, Liu J, Huang W. Two-dimensional conjugated microporous polymer films: fabrication strategies and potential applications. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01368d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the latest advances in the preparation and application of two-dimensional conjugated microporous polymers, as well as the future research directions of this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Yuhang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Mustafa Eginligil
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Laiyuan Wang
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)
- Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU)
- Xi'an 710072
- China
| | - Juqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Chen Z, Sun Q, Shi W, Liu Q, Wan J, Li Z. Conjugated microporous polymers as an ideal platform for tunable emission via π-conjugation. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03500b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Emissive conjugated microporous polymers were tunable from green to red via the π-conjugation effects in the vertex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Zhangfu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Qikun Sun
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Qianyu Liu
- Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, China
| | - Jieqiong Wan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhongping Li
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ramanavicius S, Ramanavicius A. Conducting Polymers in the Design of Biosensors and Biofuel Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E49. [PMID: 33375584 PMCID: PMC7795957 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast and sensitive determination of biologically active compounds is very important in biomedical diagnostics, the food and beverage industry, and environmental analysis. In this review, the most promising directions in analytical application of conducting polymers (CPs) are outlined. Up to now polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) are the most frequently used CPs in the design of sensors and biosensors; therefore, in this review, main attention is paid to these conducting polymers. The most popular polymerization methods applied for the formation of conducting polymer layers are discussed. The applicability of polypyrrole-based functional layers in the design of electrochemical biosensors and biofuel cells is highlighted. Some signal transduction mechanisms in CP-based sensors and biosensors are discussed. Biocompatibility-related aspects of some conducting polymers are overviewed and some insights into the application of CP-based coatings for the design of implantable sensors and biofuel cells are addressed. New trends and perspectives in the development of sensors based on CPs and their composites with other materials are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simonas Ramanavicius
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Spychalska K, Zając D, Baluta S, Halicka K, Cabaj J. Functional Polymers Structures for (Bio)Sensing Application-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1154. [PMID: 32443618 PMCID: PMC7285029 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we present polymeric materials for (bio)sensor technology development. We focused on conductive polymers (conjugated microporous polymer, polymer gels), composites, molecularly imprinted polymers and their influence on the design and fabrication of bio(sensors), which in the future could act as lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices. LOC instruments enable us to perform a wide range of analysis away from the stationary laboratory. Characterized polymeric species represent promising candidates in biosensor or sensor technology for LOC development, not only for manufacturing these devices, but also as a surface for biologically active materials' immobilization. The presence of biological compounds can improve the sensitivity and selectivity of analytical tools, which in the case of medical diagnostics is extremely important. The described materials are biocompatible, cost-effective, flexible and are an excellent platform for the anchoring of specific compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Cabaj
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland; (K.S.); (D.Z.); (S.B.); (K.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang L, Chen X, Duan Y, Luo Q, Wang D. Macroporous polymer resin with conjugated side-chains: an efficient Ag nanoparticle support for preparing a photocatalyst. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00435a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ag NPs loaded on macroporous resin with conjugated side-chains can absorb broad wavelength light, transfer electrons to Ag and immobilize “Ag” by amino groups, all of which facilitate the photocatalytic activity and stability for 4-NP reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Sciences
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050018
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- School of Sciences
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050018
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yandong Duan
- School of Sciences
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050018
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qingzhi Luo
- School of Sciences
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050018
- People's Republic of China
| | - Desong Wang
- School of Sciences
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050018
- People's Republic of China
- State key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lu Y, Zhu L. Topochemical polymerization of diphenyldiacetylene-based materials and the relevant application in photocatalysis. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
21
|
Zhang Q, Yu S, Wang Q, Xiao Q, Yue Y, Ren S. Fluorene-Based Conjugated Microporous Polymers: Preparation and Chemical Sensing Application. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 29083108 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) with strong fluorescence are great candidates for optoelectronic applications such as photocatalysis and chemical sensing. A series of novel fluorene-based conjugated microporous polymers (FCMPs) with different electronic structures are prepared by Yamamoto coupling reactions using rationally designed monomers. The FCMPs show a high degree of microporosity, decent specific surface areas, and variable fluorescence. FCMP3, which possesses a triazine knot in the network, exhibits the highest specific surface area of 489 m2 g-1 , the largest pore volume of 0.30 cm3 g-1 , and the highest solid-state photoluminescence quantum yield of 11.46%. Chemical sensing performance of FCMPs is studied using a range of nitroaromatic compounds as the analytes. Among the FCMPs, FCMP3 exhibits the highest Stern-Volmer constants of 2541, 4708, and 5241 m-1 for the detection of nitrobenzene, 4-nitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, respectively, which are comparable to the detecting efficiency of the state-of-the-art CMP-based sensing agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiujing Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Sen Yu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qin Xiao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yue
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Ren
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Selective biocompatibility and responsive imaging property of cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte to cancer cells. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
23
|
Church TL, Jasso-Salcedo AB, Björnerbäck F, Hedin N. Sustainability of microporous polymers and their applications. Sci China Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-017-9068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
24
|
Li Z, Yang YW. Creation and bioapplications of porous organic polymer materials. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:9278-9290. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02647a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging porous organic polymers can serve as promising platforms for bio-related applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC)
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry (NMAC)
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| |
Collapse
|