1
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Zhou T, Zuo J, Xie H, Zhao X, Zhao MX, Zhang J. Highly active chromium-based selective ethylene tri-/tetramerization catalysts supported by alkenylphosphanyl PNP ligands. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:14011-14017. [PMID: 39105496 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01521e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
A series of novel diphosphinoamine (PNP) ligands bearing a P-alkenyl group were synthesized and applied in chromium-catalyzed selective ethylene tri-/tetramerization by in situ combination of Cr(acac)3 and modified methylalumoxane (MMAO-3A). The ligand substitution and oligomerization conditions have a remarkable influence on the catalytic activity and controllable selectivity. Most of these PNP ligands are highly active for ethylene tri-/tetramerization with considerable selectivity. An asymmetric diisopropenylphosphanyl ligand with an N-cyclohexyl group achieved the highest activity of 2036 kg (g Cr h-1)-1 with a high total selectivity of 81.1 wt% toward valuable 1-hexene (43.0 wt%) and 1-octene (38.1 wt%) at 40 bar ethylene and 60 °C. An asymmetric mixed isopropenyl/ethylphosphanyl ligand with an N-isopropyl group exhibited a high 1-octene selectivity of 65.5 wt% and a high total 1-hexene/1-octene selectivity (91.5 wt%) with a high activity of 1256 kg (g Cr h-1)-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jing Zuo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Haojie Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Mei-Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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2
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Miles-Hobbs AM, Pringle PG, Woollins JD, Good D. Monofluorophos-Metal Complexes: Ripe for Future Discoveries in Homogeneous Catalysis. Molecules 2024; 29:2368. [PMID: 38792229 PMCID: PMC11123747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery that cyclic (ArO)2PF can support Rh-catalysts for hydroformylation with significant advantages in tuning regioselectivity transformed the study of metal complexes of monofluorophos ligands from one of primarily academic interest to one with potentially important applications in catalysis. In this review, the syntheses of monofluorophosphites, (RO)2PF, and monofluorophosphines, R2PF, are discussed and the factors that control the kinetic stability of these ligands to hydrolysis and disproportionation are set out. A survey of the coordination chemistry of these two classes of monofluorophos ligands with d-block metals is presented, emphasising the bonding of the fluorophos to d-block metals, predominantly in low oxidation states. The application of monofluorophos ligands in homogeneous catalysis (especially hydroformylation and hydrocyanation) is discussed, and it is argued that there is great potential for monofluorophos complexes in future catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul G. Pringle
- The School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - J. Derek Woollins
- Department of Chemistry Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Daniel Good
- The School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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3
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Chidunchi I, Kulikov M, Sаfarov R, Kopishev E. Extraction of platinum group metals from catalytic converters. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25283. [PMID: 38327460 PMCID: PMC10847661 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Platinum group metals (PGMs) assume an important role within the chemistry and chemical engineering due to their exceptional chemical stability in high temperatures and various environmental conditions. Their unique attributes make them highly demanded materials across an array of industries. Nevertheless, the gradual depletion of PGM reserves underscores necessitates of recycling PGM-containing waste as a means to ensure the reasonable utilization of resources. Recycling of catalytic waste, in particular, presents a more cost-effective and environmentally sustainable approach acquiring these metals, in contrast to the conventional practice of mining from natural ores. Of particular importance are spent automotive catalysts, which represent a valuable source of platinum group metals, featuring substantially higher PGM concentrations than their naturally occurring counterparts. Conventionally, the recovering of PGMs from waste materials predominantly employs hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes. Unfortunately, these established techniques entail the utilization of potent oxidizing acidic solutions, including aqua regia and hydrochloric acid with chlorine gas, which exert adverse ecological consequences. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on the development of alternative methodologies that are both environmentally friendly and economically viable for the recovery of PGMs from spent catalysts. Notable among these emerging techniques are solvometallurgy, molecular recognition technology, and magnetic separation. This comprehensive review endeavors to study and assess the latest advancements in the recovery of platinum group metals from spent catalysts, meticulously evaluating their respective advantages and disadvantages. Through an analysis, this review aspires to identify the most promising method - one that combines environmental friendliness and economic feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim Kulikov
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Ruslan Sаfarov
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Eldar Kopishev
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
- Bukhara State University, Bukhara, 200400, Uzbekistan
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4
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Zhao X, Wang J, Liu D, Kong W, Zhang J. Chromium Ethylene Tri-/Tetramerization Catalysts Supported by Iminophosphine Ligands. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:34549-34556. [PMID: 37780000 PMCID: PMC10536060 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A new class of highly active ethylene tri-/tetramerization chromium catalysts supported by iminophosphine ligands has been studied. The impact of electronic and steric changes of these ligands on selectivity and activity has been investigated by varying P- and/or N-substituents. Upon activation with MMAO, the ligand bearing a P-cyclohexyl group displayed a high activity of 307 kg/(g Cr/h) with a high trimerization selectivity of 92.6%. Decreasing the steric hindrance of N-aryl group led to a decrease in 1-hexene selectivity (74.5%), producing more 1-octene (10.3%). X-ray diffraction analysis verifies that the ligands coordinate with the chromium center in a κ2-P,N mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry &
Molecular Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jihe Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry &
Molecular Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dongchang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry &
Molecular Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weihuan Kong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry &
Molecular Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced
Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry &
Molecular Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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5
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Barman S, Garcia N, Jaseer EA, Elanany M, Khawaji M, Alasiri H, Peedikakkal AMP, Akhtar MN, Theravalappil R. Unveiling meta-Alkyloxy/-Silyloxy-Substituted N-Aryl PNP Ligands for Efficient Cr-Catalyzed Ethylene Tetramerization. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26437-26443. [PMID: 37521606 PMCID: PMC10373192 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel N-aryl-functionalized PNP ligands (1-4) bearing m-alkyloxy/-silyloxy substituents were prepared and evaluated for chromium-catalyzed ethylene oligomerization using MMAO-3A as an activator. The selected Cr/PNP system under optimized condition exhibited high 1-octene-selective (up to 70 wt %) ethylene tetramerization at a remarkable rate (over 3000 kg gCr-1 h-1). More importantly, the undesirable polyethylene selectivity was restricted to a minimum level of ∼1-2 wt % for pre-catalysts derived with ligands 1 and 2. Employing chlorobenzene as a reaction medium yielded best productivity in conjunction to the total α-olefin (1-C6 + 1-C8) selectivity (∼88 wt %). N-aryl PNP ligands (3 and 4) incorporating m-silyloxy substituents in the phenyl ring exhibited relatively poorer tetramerization performance while yielding higher PE fraction as compared to their m-alkyloxy derivatives. A detailed molecular structure of the best-performing pre-catalyst 1-Cr was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The stability of 1/Cr-based catalyst system was investigated for a reaction time of up to 2 h under optimized condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Barman
- Center
for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nestor Garcia
- Center
for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - E. A. Jaseer
- Center
for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Elanany
- Fuels
and Chemicals Division Aramco Research Center at KAUST, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Motaz Khawaji
- Fuels
and Chemicals Division Aramco Research Center at KAUST, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alasiri
- Center
for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical
Engineering Department, King Fahd University
of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Malik P. Peedikakkal
- Department
of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum
and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Naseem Akhtar
- Center
for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Theravalappil
- Center
for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Suslov DS, Bykov MV, Pakhomova MV, Orlov TS, Abramov ZD, Suchkova AV, Ushakov IA, Abramov PA, Novikov AS. Novel Route to Cationic Palladium(II)-Cyclopentadienyl Complexes Containing Phosphine Ligands and Their Catalytic Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104141. [PMID: 37241882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pd(II) complexes [Pd(Cp)(L)n]m[BF4]m were synthesized via the reaction of cationic acetylacetonate complexes with cyclopentadiene in the presence of BF3∙OEt2 (n = 2, m = 1: L = PPh3 (1), P(p-Tol)3, tris(ortho-methoxyphenyl)phosphine (TOMPP), tri-2-furylphosphine, tri-2-thienylphosphine; n = 1, m = 1: L = dppf, dppp (2), dppb (3), 1,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)pentane; n = 1, m = 2 or 3: 1,6-bis(diphenylphosphino)hexane). Complexes 1-3 were characterized using X-ray diffractometry. The inspection of the crystal structures of the complexes enabled the recognition of (Cp-)⋯(Ph-group) and (Cp-)⋯(CH2-group) interactions, which are of C-H…π nature. The presence of these interactions was confirmed theoretically via DFT calculations using QTAIM analysis. The intermolecular interactions in the X-ray structures are non-covalent in origin with an estimated energy of 0.3-1.6 kcal/mol. The cationic palladium catalyst precursors with monophosphines were found to be active catalysts for the telomerization of 1,3-butadiene with methanol (TON up to 2.4∙104 mol 1,3-butadiene per mol Pd with chemoselectivity of 82%). Complex [Pd(Cp)(TOMPP)2]BF4 was found to be an efficient catalyst for the polymerization of phenylacetylene (PA) (catalyst activities up to 8.9 × 103 gPA·(molPd·h)-1 were observed).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S Suslov
- Research Institute of Oil and Coal Chemical Synthesis, Irkutsk State University, ul. K. Marksa, 1, Irkutsk 664003, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Bykov
- Research Institute of Oil and Coal Chemical Synthesis, Irkutsk State University, ul. K. Marksa, 1, Irkutsk 664003, Russia
| | - Marina V Pakhomova
- Research Institute of Oil and Coal Chemical Synthesis, Irkutsk State University, ul. K. Marksa, 1, Irkutsk 664003, Russia
| | - Timur S Orlov
- Research Institute of Oil and Coal Chemical Synthesis, Irkutsk State University, ul. K. Marksa, 1, Irkutsk 664003, Russia
- School of High Technologies, National Research Irkutsk State Technical University, Lermontov St., 83, Irkutsk 664074, Russia
| | - Zorikto D Abramov
- Research Institute of Oil and Coal Chemical Synthesis, Irkutsk State University, ul. K. Marksa, 1, Irkutsk 664003, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Suchkova
- Research Institute of Oil and Coal Chemical Synthesis, Irkutsk State University, ul. K. Marksa, 1, Irkutsk 664003, Russia
| | - Igor A Ushakov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry SB RAS, Favorsky St., 1, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Pavel A Abramov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, pr-kt Akad. Lavrentieva, 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634034, Russia
| | - Alexander S Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
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7
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Zhang CL, Zhou T, Li YQ, Lu X, Guan YB, Cao YC, Cao GP. Microenvironment Modulation of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Coordination Olefin Oligomerization and (co)Polymerization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205898. [PMID: 36534903 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The majority of commercial polyolefins are produced by coordination polymerization using early or late transition metal catalysts. Molecular catalysts containing these transition metals (Ti, Zr, Cr, Ni, and Fe, etc.) are loaded on supports for controlled polymerization behavior and polymer morphology in slurry or gas phase processes. Within the last few years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of unique porous crystalline materials constructed from metal ions/clusters and organic ligands, have been designed and utilized as excellent supports for heterogeneous polymerization catalysis whose high density and uniform distribution of active sites would benefit the modulations of molecular weight distributions of high-performance olefin oligomers and (co)polymers. Impressive efforts have been made to modulate the microenvironment surrounding the active centers at the atomic level for improved activities of MOFs-based catalysts and controlled selectivity of olefin insertion. This review aims to draw a comprehensive picture of MOFs for coordination olefin oligomerization and (co)polymerization in the past decades with respect to different transition metal active centers, various incorporation sites, and finally microenvironment modulation. In consideration of more efforts are needed to overcome challenges for further industrial and commercial application, a brief outlook is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Lei Zhang
- Anhui Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center, AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetism Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 261433, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Anhui Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center, AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetism Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 261433, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qing Li
- UNILAB, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polyolefins and Catalysis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Catalysis Technology for Polyolefins, Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xin Lu
- Anhui Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center, AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetism Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 261433, P. R. China
| | - Ye-Bin Guan
- Anhui Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Engineering Research Center, AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetism Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 261433, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Cai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polyolefins and Catalysis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Catalysis Technology for Polyolefins, Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Ping Cao
- UNILAB, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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8
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Wang Z, Hasegawa S, Motokura K, Kuang S, Yang Y. A Single-Atom Pd Catalyst Anchored on a Porous Organic Polymer for Highly Efficient Telomerization of 1,3-Butadiene with Methanol. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhan Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266001, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Shingo Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ken Motokura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Shaoping Kuang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266001, China
| | - Yong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Computer-assisted design of asymmetric PNP ligands for ethylene tri-/tetramerization: A combined DFT and artificial neural network approach. J Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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10
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Kim YE, Jung U, Song D, Been Im H, Ho Lee T, Hyun Chun D, Hye Youn M, Bong Lee K, Young Koo K. Dual-bed catalytic system comprising Al2O3 and Ba/Al2O3 with enhanced 1-octene productivity in 1-octanol dehydration for linear α-olefin production. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Transition Metal-(μ-Cl)-Aluminum Bonding in α-Olefin and Diene Chemistry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217164. [PMID: 36363991 PMCID: PMC9654437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Olefin and diene transformations, catalyzed by organoaluminum-activated metal complexes, are widely used in synthetic organic chemistry and form the basis of major petrochemical processes. However, the role of M−(μ-Cl)−Al bonding, being proven for certain >C=C< functionalization reactions, remains unclear and debated for essentially more important industrial processes such as oligomerization and polymerization of α-olefins and conjugated dienes. Numerous publications indirectly point at the significance of M−(μ-Cl)−Al bonding in Ziegler−Natta and related transformations, but only a few studies contain experimental or at least theoretical evidence of the involvement of M−(μ-Cl)−Al species into catalytic cycles. In the present review, we have compiled data on the formation of M−(μ-Cl)−Al complexes (M = Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Ni), their molecular structure, and reactivity towards olefins and dienes. The possible role of similar complexes in the functionalization, oligomerization and polymerization of α-olefins and dienes is discussed in the present review through the prism of the further development of Ziegler−Natta processes and beyond.
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12
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Liu R, Yang W, Li X, Feng L. Chromium-Based Complexes Bearing N-Substituted Diphosphinoamine Ligands for Ethylene Oligomerization. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35933-35941. [PMID: 36249395 PMCID: PMC9558249 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A range of novel N-substituted diphosphinoamine (PNP) ligands Ph2PN(R)PPh2 [R = F2CHCH2 (1); R = Me2CHCH2 (2); R = Me2CHCH2CH2 (3)] have been synthesized via one-step salt elimination reaction. The ligand-coordinated chromium carbonyls [Ph2PN(R)PPh2]Cr(CO)4 (4-6) were further synthesized, and X-ray crystallography analysis of complex 6 revealed the κ2-P,P bidentate binding mode of Cr center and the molecular structure of PNP ligand 3. Then the catalytic ethylene oligomerization behaviors of PNP ligands 1-3 bridging chromium chloride complexes {[Ph2PN(R)PPh2]CrCl2(μ-Cl)}2 (7-9) were further discussed in depth. Experimental results showed that complex 7 with the strong electron-withdrawing F2CHCH2 group can promote the nonselective ethylene oligomerization, while both complex 8 and complex 9 with the electron-donating Me2CHCH2 and Me2CHCH2CH2 groups can significantly enhance the selective ethylene tri/tetramerization. The good catalytic activity of 198.3 kg/(g Cr·h), the selectivity toward 1-hexene and 1-octene of 76.4%, and the low PE content of 0.2% were simultaneously achieved with the Al/Cr molar ratio of 600 using the complex 8/MMAO system at 45 °C and 45 bar. These excellent results were mainly attributed to the fact that the β-branching of bridging ligand 2 increased the steric bulk of the N-moiety for complex 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- Satellite
Chemical Co., Ltd, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Yang
- Satellite
Chemical Co., Ltd, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Satellite
Chemical Co., Ltd, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Lianfang Feng
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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13
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Ma J, Fan H, Hao B, Jiang Y, Wang L, Wang X, Zhang J, Jiang T. Asymmetric carbon-bridged diphosphine based chromium complexes for selective ethylene tri-/tetramerization with high thermal stability. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Barman S, Jaseer EA, Garcia N, Elanany M, Khawaji M, Xu W, Lin S, Alasiri H, Akhtar MN, Theravalappil R. A rational approach towards selective ethylene oligomerization via PNP-ligand design with an N-triptycene functionality. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10044-10047. [PMID: 35984213 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02456j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel PNP ligands bearing an N-triptycene backbone were developed and evaluated for selective ethylene oligomerization. Upon activation with MMAO-3A, the pre-catalyst mixture containing Cr(acac)3/ligand efficiently promotes ethylene tetramerization with remarkably high productivities (up to 1733 kg gCr-1 h-1) and C8 olefin selectivities (up to 74.1 wt%). More importantly, ligands with a PNP moiety connecting at the 1- or 1,4-position of the triptycene molecule could achieve exceptionally high alpha (1-C6 + 1-C8) selectivities, exceeding 90 wt%, as a result of high 1-C6 purity (>90 wt%) in the C6 fraction. Based on comparative catalytic studies employing various PNP ligands with or without an N-triptycene backbone, we illustrate the fact that a rational design of PNP ligands with an optimum degree of steric profile around the N-center could provide C6 cyclics controlled highly α-selective ethylene oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Barman
- Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - E A Jaseer
- Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nestor Garcia
- Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Elanany
- Saudi Aramco, Chemicals R&D, Research and Development Center, Dhahran 34464, Saudi Arabia
| | - Motaz Khawaji
- Saudi Aramco, Chemicals R&D, Research and Development Center, Dhahran 34464, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wei Xu
- Saudi Aramco, Chemicals R&D, Research and Development Center, Dhahran 34464, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sibo Lin
- Aramco Services Company: Aramco Research Center - Boston, 400 Technology Sq., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hassan Alasiri
- Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia. .,Chemical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Naseem Akhtar
- Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rajesh Theravalappil
- Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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15
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da Silva SM, Pinheiro AC, da Costa MT, Alves TC, Oliboni RS, Stieler R, Casagrande AC, Casagrande O. Oligo- and polymerization of ethylene by pyrrolide-imine chromium catalysts bearing pendant O-, S- and N-donor groups. Synthesis, characterization and DFT studies. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Solvent-free telomerization of isoprene with alcohols catalyzed by palladium(ɪɪ) carbene complexes. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Jaseer EA, Garcia N, Barman S, Khawaji M, Xu W, Alasiri H, Peedikakkal AMP, Akhtar MN, Theravalappil R. Highly Efficient Ethylene Tetramerization Using Cr Catalysts Constructed with Trifluoromethyl-Substituted N-Aryl PNP Ligands. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:16333-16340. [PMID: 35601288 PMCID: PMC9118391 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tetramerization of ethylene by chromium catalysts stabilized with functionalized N-aryl phosphineamine ligands C6H4(m-CF3)N(PPh2)2 (1), C6H4(p-CF3)N(PPh2)2 (2), C6H4(o-CF3)N=PPh2-PPh2 (3), and C6H3(3,5-bis(CF3))N(PPh2)2 (4) was evaluated. The parameter optimization includes temperature, co-catalyst, and solvent. Upon activation with MMAO-3A, the new catalyst system especially with m-functional PNP ligand (1) exhibited high 1-octene selectivity and productivity while giving minimum undesirable polyethylene and C10 + olefin by-products. Using PhCl as a solvent at 75 °C led to a remarkable α-olefin (1-C6 + 1-C8) selectivity (>90 wt %) at a reaction rate of 2000 kg·gCr -1·h-1. Under identical conditions, analogous PNP ligands bearing -CH3, -Et, and -Cl functional moieties at the meta position of the N-phenyl ring displayed significantly lower reactivity. The catalyst with p-functional ligand (2) exhibited lower activity and comparable selectivities, while the Cr/PPN (with ligand 3) system gave no noticeable reactivity. The molecular structure of the precatalyst (1-Cr), exhibiting a monomeric structural feature, was elucidated with the aid of single-crystal X-ray diffraction study.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Jaseer
- Center
for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nestor Garcia
- Center
for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir Barman
- Center
for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Motaz Khawaji
- Chemicals
R&D, Research and Development Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran 34464, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wei Xu
- Chemicals
R&D, Research and Development Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran 34464, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alasiri
- Center
for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical
Engineering Department, King Fahd University
of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Malik P. Peedikakkal
- Department
of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum
and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Naseem Akhtar
- Center
for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Theravalappil
- Center
for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Xu Y, LiBretto NJ, Zhang G, Miller JT, Greeley J. First-Principles Analysis of Ethylene Oligomerization on Single-Site Ga 3+ Catalysts Supported on Amorphous Silica. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Xu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nicole J. LiBretto
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116024, P.R. China
| | - Jeffrey T. Miller
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeffrey Greeley
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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19
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Kim J, Jung T, Cho DW, Yoo CY. Comprehensive evaluation of 3A, 4A, 5A, and 13X zeolites for selective 1-octene adsorption over n-octane. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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21
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Oliveria LL, Oliboni RS, Stieler R, Casagrande ACA, Casagrande OL. Bis (pyrazolyl)thioether/amine‐chromium (III) catalysts bearing pendant
O
‐ and
N
‐donor group for oligo‐ and polymerization of ethylene. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. L. Oliveria
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - R. S. Oliboni
- Grupo de Catálise e Estudos Teóricos, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos – CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - R. Stieler
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - A. C. A. Casagrande
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - O. L. Casagrande
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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22
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Zhong X, Liu L, Guo X, Sun L, Liu B, Liu Z. Cr/PCCP-Catalysed Selective Ethylene Oligomerization: Analysis of Various Conformations and the Hemilabile Methoxy Group. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01219g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the effect of the hemilabile methoxy group in the Cr-based catalyst bearing (C6H5)2-P(CH2)2P-(C6H5)2 (PCCP) and (o-MeOC6H4)(C6H5)-P(CH2)2P-(C6H5)(o-MeOC6H4) (PCCPOMe) ligands on ethylene tri- and tetramerization were systematically investigated by...
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23
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Lo Q, Pye D, Gesslbauer S, Sim Y, García F, White AJP, Britovsek GJP. Single- and double-bridged PNP ligands in chromium-catalysed ethylene oligomerisation. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00550f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chromium catalysts with diazaphospholane ligands have shown good activities and selectivities for ethylene tri- and tetramerisation. Oligomerisations with a doubly N-bridged cyclodiphosphazane result in a Schulz–Flory distribution of α-olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quintin Lo
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Dominic Pye
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Sami Gesslbauer
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Ying Sim
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, NTU, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Felipe García
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, NTU, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Claveria 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - George J. P. Britovsek
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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24
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Abstract
AbstractHydroformylation is one of the most important homogeneously catalyzed reactions on an industrial scale. The manufacture of bulk chemicals clearly dominates. Large cobalt- and rhodium-based processes are mature technologies that have been developed over the past 80 years. Meanwhile, the potential of hydroformylation for the production of fine chemicals (perfumes, pharmaceuticals) has also been recognized. This review gives insight into the state-of-the-art of the reaction and its development. It commences with some remarks on the accidental discovery by the German chemist Otto Roelen within the historical and personal framework of the Fischer–Tropsch process, followed by the mechanistic basics of the catalytic cycle, metals used for the catalyst as well as their organic ligands. In addition, the stability of ligands and catalysts is addressed. The huge potential of this transformation is demonstrated using a variety of substrates. Finally, the use of some surrogates for syngas is discussed.
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25
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Alam F, Fan H, Dong C, Zhang J, Ma J, Chen Y, Jiang T. Chromium catalysts stabilized by alkylphosphanyl PNP ligands for selective ethylene tri-/tetramerization. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Synthesis and ethylene oligomerization behavior of trinuclear nickel complex with phosphorus dendrimer. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-021-00483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Tandem Synthesis of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Drag Reducing Poly-α-Olefins for Low-Temperature Pipeline Transportation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223930. [PMID: 34833229 PMCID: PMC8621585 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-high molecular weight poly-α-olefins are widely used as drag reducing agents (DRAs) for pipeline transportation of oil and refined petroleum products. The synthesis of polyolefin DRAs is based on low-temperature Ziegler-Natta (ZN) polymerization of higher α-olefins. 1-Hexene based DRAs, the most effective at room temperature, typically lose DR activity at low temperatures. The use of 1-hexene copolymers with C8-C12 linear α-olefins appears to offer a solution to the problem of low-temperature drag reducing. The present work aims to develop two-stage synthesis of polyolefin DRAs that is based on selective oligomerization of ethylene in the presence of efficient chromium/aminodiphosphine catalysts (Cr-PNP), followed by polymerization of the olefin mixtures, formed at oligomerization stage, using efficient titanium-magnesium ZN catalyst. We have shown that oligomerization of ethylene in α-olefin reaction media proceeds faster than in saturated hydrocarbons, providing the formation of 1-hexene, 1-octene, and branched C10 and C12 olefins; the composition and the ratio of the reaction products depended on the nature of PNP ligand. Oligomerizates were used in ZN polymerization 'as is', without additional treatment. Due to branched character of C10+ hydrocarbons, formed during oligomerization of ethylene, resulting polyolefins demonstrate higher low-temperature DR efficiency at low polymer concentrations (~1 ppm) in comparison with benchmark polymers prepared from the mixtures of linear α-olefins and from pure 1-hexene. We assume that faster solubility and more efficient solvation of the polyolefins, prepared using 'tandem' ethylene-based process, represent an advantage of these type polymers over conventional poly(1-hexene) and linear α-olefin-based polymers when used as 'winter' DRAs.
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28
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Zhang H, Shen C, Xu Z, Tian X, Dong K. Improving the performance of palladium-catalysed telomerization of 1,3-butadiene by metallocene-based phosphine ligand. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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NHC Pdii complexes for the solvent-free telomerisation of isoprene with methanol. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Grasset FL, Welter R, Braunstein P, Olivier‐Bourbigou H, Magna L. Titanium Complexes with Functional Alkoxido Ligands for Selective Ethylene Dimerization – A High Throughput Experimentation Approach. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202002029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien L. Grasset
- IFP Energies nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize France
| | - Richard Welter
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS Faculté de Chimie 1 rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CHIMIE UMR 7177 Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | | | - Lionel Magna
- IFP Energies nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize 69360 Solaize France
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31
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Synthesis of a Ni Complex Chelated by a [2.2]Paracyclophane-Functionalized Diimine Ligand and Its Catalytic Activity for Olefin Oligomerization. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092719. [PMID: 34063154 PMCID: PMC8124533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A diimine ligand having two [2.2]paracyclophanyl substituents at the N atoms (L1) was prepared from the reaction of amino[2.2]paracyclophane with acenaphtenequinone. The ligand reacts with NiBr2(dme) (dme: 1,2-dimethoxyethane) to form the dibromonickel complex with (R,R) and (S,S) configuration, NiBr2(L1). The structure of the complex was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. NiBr2(L1) catalyzes oligomerization of ethylene in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO) co-catalyst at 10–50 °C to form a mixture of 1- and 2-butenes after 3 h. The reactions for 6 h and 8 h at 25 °C causes further increase of 2-butene formed via isomerization of 1-butene and formation of hexenes. Reaction of 1-hexene catalyzed by NiBr2(L1)–MAO produces 2-hexene via isomerization and C12 and C18 hydrocarbons via oligomerization. Consumption of 1-hexene of the reaction obeys first-order kinetics. The kinetic parameters were obtained to be ΔG‡ = 93.6 kJ mol−1, ΔH‡ = 63.0 kJ mol−1, and ΔS‡ = −112 J mol−1deg−1. NiBr2(L1) catalyzes co-dimerization of ethylene and 1-hexene to form C8 hydrocarbons with higher rate and selectivity than the tetramerization of ethylene.
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32
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Star iminopyridyl iron, cobalt and nickel complexes: synthesis, molecular structures, and evaluation as ethylene oligomerization catalysts. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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33
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Blann K, Bollmann A, Brown GM, Dixon JT, Elsegood MRJ, Raw CR, Smith MB, Tenza K, Willemse JA, Zweni P. Ethylene oligomerisation chromium catalysts with unsymmetrical PCNP ligands. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4345-4354. [PMID: 33690749 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00287b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chromium(iii) complexes of chelating diphosphines, with PNP or PCNCP backbones, are excellent catalysts for ethylene tetra- and/or trimerisations. A missing link within this ligand series are unsymmetric chelating diphosphines based on a PCNP scaffold. New bidentate PCNP ligands of the type Ph2PCH2N(R)PPh2 (R = 1-naphthyl or 5-quinoline groups, 2a-d) have been synthesised and shown to be extremely effective ligands for ethylene tri-/tetramerisations. Three representative tetracarbonyl Cr0 complexes bearing a single PN(R)P (5), PCN(R)P (6), or PCN(R)CP (7) diphosphine (R = 1-naphthyl) have been prepared from Cr(CO)4(η4-nbd) (nbd = norbornadiene). Furthermore we report a single crystal X-ray diffraction study of these compounds and discuss their structural parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Blann
- R & D Division, Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd., 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg, South Africa
| | - Annette Bollmann
- R & D Division, Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd., 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg, South Africa
| | - Gavin M Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - John T Dixon
- R & D Division, Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd., 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg, South Africa
| | - Mark R J Elsegood
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Christopher R Raw
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Martin B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Kenny Tenza
- R & D Division, Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd., 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg, South Africa
| | - J Alexander Willemse
- R & D Division, Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd., 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg, South Africa
| | - Pumza Zweni
- R & D Division, Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd., 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg, South Africa
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34
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Hanifpour A, Bahri‐Laleh N, Nekoomanesh‐Haghighi M, Poater A. 1‐Decene oligomerization by new complexes bearing diamine‐diphenolates ligands: Effect of ligand structure. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahad Hanifpour
- Polymerization Engineering Department Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI) Tehran Iran
| | - Naeimeh Bahri‐Laleh
- Polymerization Engineering Department Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI) Tehran Iran
| | | | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química Universitat de Girona c/M. Aurèlia Capmany 69 Girona Catalonia E‐17003 Spain
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35
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Chromium(III) complexes based on phenoxy-imine ligands with pendant N- and O-donor groups as precatalysts for ethylene oligomerization: synthesis, characterization, and DFT studies. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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36
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Milani JLS, Biajoli AFP, Batista FI, Oliboni RS, Casagrande OL. Chromium complexes supported by bidentate thioether-imine [N,S] ligands: synthesis and ethylene oligomerization studies. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04642f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chromium complexes bearing thioether-imine ligands were synthesized and their catalytic behavior in ethylene oligomerization has been investigated, evaluating the effect of the ligand and the experimental parameters on the activity, selectivity, and product distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. S. Milani
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | - A. F. P. Biajoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | - F. I. Batista
- Centro de Ciências Químicas
- Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos – CCQFA
- 96010-900, Pelotas
- Brazil
| | - R. S. Oliboni
- Centro de Ciências Químicas
- Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos – CCQFA
- 96010-900, Pelotas
- Brazil
| | - O. L. Casagrande
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre
- Brazil
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37
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Patel P, Wilson AK. Computational chemistry considerations in catalysis: Regioselectivity and metal-ligand dissociation. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Milani JL, Casagrande OL. Chromium Complexes Supported by Phenyl Ether‐Pyrazolyl [N,O] Ligands as Catalysts for the Oligo‐ and Polymerization of Ethylene. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L.S. Milani
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre RS 91501‐970 Brazil
| | - Osvaldo L. Casagrande
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre RS 91501‐970 Brazil
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39
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Chromium(III) catalysts based on tridentate silicon-bridged tris(diphenylphosphine) ligands for selective ethylene tri-/tetramerization. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Gansukh B, Zhang Q, Bariashir C, Vignesh A, Ma Y, Liang T, Sun WH. Unifying Molecular Weights of Highly Linear Polyethylene Waxes through Unsymmetrical 2,4-Bis(imino)pyridylchromium Chlorides. Molecules 2020; 25:E5584. [PMID: 33261135 PMCID: PMC7731025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
By dealing CrCl3∙3THF with the corresponding ligands (L1-L5), an array of fluoro-substituted chromium (III) chlorides (Cr1-Cr5) bearing 2-[1-(2,4-dibenzhydryl-6-fluoro- phenylimino)ethyl]-6-[1-(arylimino)ethyl]pyridine (aryl = 2,6-Me2Ph Cr1, 2,6-Et2Ph Cr2, 2,6-iPr2Ph Cr3, 2,4,6-Me3Ph Cr4, 2,6-Et2-4-MePh Cr5) was synthesized in good yield and validated via Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Besides the routine characterizations, the single-crystal X-ray diffraction study revealed the solid-state structures of complexes Cr2 and Cr4 as the distorted-octahedral geometry around the chromium center. Activated by either methylaluminoxane (MAO) or modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO), all the chromium catalysts exhibited high activities toward ethylene polymerization with the MMAO-promoted polymerizations far more productive than with MAO (20.14 × 106 g (PE) mol-1 (Cr) h-1 vs. 10.03 × 106 g (PE) mol-1 (Cr) h-1). In both cases, the resultant polyethylenes were found as highly linear polyethylene waxes with low molecular weights around 1-2 kg mol-1 and narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD range: 1.68-2.25). In general, both the catalytic performance of the ortho-fluorinated chromium complexes and polymer properties have been the subject of a detailed investigation and proved to be highly dependent on the polymerization reaction parameters (including cocatalyst type and amount, reaction temperature, ethylene pressure and run time).
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Affiliation(s)
- Badral Gansukh
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (B.G.); (Q.Z.); (C.B.); (A.V.); (T.L.)
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (B.G.); (Q.Z.); (C.B.); (A.V.); (T.L.)
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chantsalnyam Bariashir
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (B.G.); (Q.Z.); (C.B.); (A.V.); (T.L.)
| | - Arumugam Vignesh
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (B.G.); (Q.Z.); (C.B.); (A.V.); (T.L.)
| | - Yanping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (B.G.); (Q.Z.); (C.B.); (A.V.); (T.L.)
| | - Tongling Liang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (B.G.); (Q.Z.); (C.B.); (A.V.); (T.L.)
| | - Wen-Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (B.G.); (Q.Z.); (C.B.); (A.V.); (T.L.)
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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41
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Panyam PKR, Stöhr L, Wang D, Frey W, Buchmeiser MR. Chromium(VI) Bisimido Dichloro, Bisimido Alkylidene, and Chromium(V) Bisimido Iodo
N
‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K. R. Panyam
- Institut für Polymerchemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Laura Stöhr
- Institut für Polymerchemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Dongren Wang
- Institut für Polymerchemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Michael R. Buchmeiser
- Institut für Polymerchemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- German Institutes of Textile and Fiber Research (DITF) Denkendorf Körschtalstr. 26 73770 Denkendorf Germany
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42
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The Catalytic Transformation of Ethylene Using Chromium(III) Complexes with Bidentate Nitrogen-Containing Ligands. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-03080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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43
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Colavida J, Lleberia JA, Salom-Català A, Gual A, Collado A, Zangrando E, Ricart JM, Godard C, Claver C, Carbó JJ, Castillon S. Regioselectivity Control in Pd-Catalyzed Telomerization of Isoprene Enabled by Solvent and Ligand Selection. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Colavida
- CTQC-Eurecat-UTQ, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 2, Building N5, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - José A. Lleberia
- Department de Quı́mica Fı́sica i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni Salom-Català
- Department de Quı́mica Fı́sica i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Aitor Gual
- CTQC-Eurecat-UTQ, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 2, Building N5, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ana Collado
- International Flavors and Fragrances, Av/Felipe Klein 2, 12580 Benicarló, Spain
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Josep M. Ricart
- Department de Quı́mica Fı́sica i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cyril Godard
- Department de Quı́mica Fı́sica i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Claver
- CTQC-Eurecat-UTQ, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 2, Building N5, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Department de Quı́mica Fı́sica i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jorge J. Carbó
- Department de Quı́mica Fı́sica i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sergio Castillon
- CTQC-Eurecat-UTQ, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 2, Building N5, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Department de Quı́mica Analı́tica i Quı́mica Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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44
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Suslov D, Bykov M, Abramov Z, Ushakov I, Borodina T, Smirnov V, Ratovskii G, Tkach V. Cationic palladium(II)–acetylacetonate complexes containing phosphine and aminophosphine ligands and their catalytic activities in telomerization of 1,3-butadiene with methanol. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Use of H3PO4/ZrO2–TiO2–surfactant mixed oxide for catalytic vapor-phase dehydration of 1-octanol. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-020-01854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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46
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Kubo K, Yuasa T, Yokoichi A, Matsugi T, Morikawa Y, Kume S, Mizuta T. Synthesis and Structures of Iron(II) Metallacycles Based on a PNPNP Framework. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Kubo
- Basic Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yuasa
- Basic Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Aya Yokoichi
- Basic Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeru Matsugi
- Basic Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Morikawa
- Basic Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Shoko Kume
- Basic Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mizuta
- Basic Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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47
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Kwon DH, Maley SM, Stanley JC, Sydora OL, Bischof SM, Ess DH. Why Less Coordination Provides Higher Reactivity Chromium Phosphinoamidine Ethylene Trimerization Catalysts. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doo-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 United States
| | - Steven M. Maley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 United States
| | - Johnathan C. Stanley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 United States
| | - Orson L. Sydora
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, 1862 Kingwood Drive, Kingwood, Texas 77339 United States
| | - Steven M. Bischof
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, 1862 Kingwood Drive, Kingwood, Texas 77339 United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 United States
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48
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A Combined Bio-Chemical Synthesis Route for 1-Octene Sheds Light on Rhamnolipid Structure. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10080874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report a chemoenzymatic approach to synthesize 1-octene from carbohydrates via ethenolysis of rhamnolipids. Rhamnolipids synthesized by P. putida contain a double bond between carbon five and six, which is experimentally confirmed via olefin cross metathesis. Utilizing these lipids in the ethenolysis catalyzed by a Grubbs−Hoveyda-type catalyst selectively generates 1-octene and with good conversions. This study shows the potential of chemoenzymatic approaches to produce compounds for the chemical industry from renewable resources.
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49
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Hernández Lozada NJ, Simmons TR, Xu K, Jindra MA, Pfleger BF. Production of 1-octanol in Escherichia coli by a high flux thioesterase route. Metab Eng 2020; 61:352-359. [PMID: 32707169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1-octanol is a valuable molecule in the chemical industry, where it is used as a plasticizer, as a precursor in the production of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and as a growth inhibitor of tobacco plant suckers. Due to the low availability of eight-carbon acyl chains in natural lipid feedstocks and the selectivity challenges in petrochemical routes to medium-chain fatty alcohols,1-octanol sells for the highest price among the fatty alcohol products. As an alternative, metabolic engineers have pursued sustainable 1-octanol production via engineered microbes. Here, we report demonstration of gram per liter titers in the model bacterium Escherichia coli via the development of a pathway composed of a thioesterase, an acyl-CoA synthetase, and an acyl-CoA reductase. In addition, the impact of deleting fermentative pathways was explored E. coli K12 MG1655 strain for production of octanoic acid, a key octanol precursor. In order to overcome metabolic flux barriers, bioprospecting experiments were performed to identify acyl-CoA synthetases with high activity towards octanoic acid and acyl-CoA reductases with high activity to produce 1-octanol from octanoyl-CoA. Titration of expression of key pathway enzymes was performed and a strain with the full pathway integrated on the chromosome was created. The final strain produced 1-octanol at 1.3 g/L titer and a >90% C8 specificity from glycerol. In addition to the metabolic engineering efforts, this work addressed some of the technical challenges that arise when quantifying 1-octanol produced from cultures grown under fully aerobic conditions where evaporation and stripping are prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor J Hernández Lozada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Trevor R Simmons
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Michael A Jindra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Brian F Pfleger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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50
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Yi J, Nakatani N, Nomura K. Solution XANES and EXAFS analysis of active species of titanium, vanadium complex catalysts in ethylene polymerisation/dimerisation and syndiospecific styrene polymerisation. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8008-8028. [PMID: 32432279 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01139h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies in homogeneous catalysis through the solution transition metal K Edge XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) and EXAFS (Extended X-ray absorption fine structure) analysis for vanadium and titanium complex catalysts for ethylene polymerisation/dimerization, and syndiospecific styrene polymerisation, including interpretation of the XANES spectra, have been introduced. The core excitation spectra of the complexes based on the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) can be used to interpret the Ti and V K-edge features and to extract information on the electronic structure from the XANES spectra. Theoretical calculations and experimental XAS analysis should have great potential for analysing the active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
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