1
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G C B, Hoyt LJ, Dovat S, Dong F. Upregulation of nuclear protein Hemgn by transcriptional repressor Gfi1 through repressing PU.1 contributes to the anti-apoptotic activity of Gfi1. J Biol Chem 2024:107860. [PMID: 39374784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Gfi1 is a transcriptional repressor that plays a critical role in hematopoiesis. The repressive activity of Gfi1 is mediated mainly by its SNAG domain that interacts with and thereby recruits the histone demethylase LSD1 to its target genes. An important function of Gfi1 is to protect hematopoietic cells against stress-induced apoptosis, which has been attributed to its participation in the posttranscriptional modifications of p53 protein, leading to suppression of p53 activity. In this study, we show that Gfi1 upregulated the expression of Hemgn, a nuclear protein, through a 16-bp promoter region spanning from +47 to +63 bp relative to the transcription start site (TSS), which was dependent on its interaction with LSD1. We further demonstrate that Gfi1, Ikaros and PU.1 bound to this 16-bp region. However, while Ikaros activated Hemgn and collaborated with Gfi1 to augment Hemgn expression, it was not required for Gfi1-mediated Hemgn upregulation. In contrast, PU.1 repressed Hemgn and inhibited Hemgn upregulation by Gfi1. Notably, PU.1 knockdown and deficiency, while augmenting Hemgn expression, abolished Hemgn upregulation by Gfi1. PU.1 (Spi-1) has been shown to be repressed by Gfi1. We show here that PU.1 repression by Gfi1 preceded and correlated well with Hemgn upregulation. Thus, our date strongly suggest that Gfi1 upregulates Hemgn by repressing PU.1. In addition, we demonstrate that Hemgn upregulation contributed to the anti-apoptotic activity of Gfi1 in a p53-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod G C
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
| | - Laney Jia Hoyt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Fan Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH.
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2
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Frank D, Patnana PK, Vorwerk J, Mao L, Gopal LM, Jung N, Hennig T, Ruhnke L, Frenz JM, Kuppusamy M, Autry R, Wei L, Sun K, Mohammed Ahmed HM, Künstner A, Busch H, Müller H, Hutter S, Hoermann G, Liu L, Xie X, Al-Matary Y, Nimmagadda SC, Cano FC, Heuser M, Thol F, Göhring G, Steinemann D, Thomale J, Leitner T, Fischer A, Rad R, Röllig C, Altmann H, Kunadt D, Berdel WE, Hüve J, Neumann F, Klingauf J, Calderon V, Opalka B, Dührsen U, Rosenbauer F, Dugas M, Varghese J, Reinhardt HC, von Bubnoff N, Möröy T, Lenz G, Batcha AMN, Giorgi M, Selvam M, Wang E, McWeeney SK, Tyner JW, Stölzel F, Mann M, Jayavelu AK, Khandanpour C. Germ line variant GFI1-36N affects DNA repair and sensitizes AML cells to DNA damage and repair therapy. Blood 2023; 142:2175-2191. [PMID: 37756525 PMCID: PMC10733838 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022015752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Growth factor independence 1 (GFI1) is a DNA-binding transcription factor and a key regulator of hematopoiesis. GFI1-36N is a germ line variant, causing a change of serine (S) to asparagine (N) at position 36. We previously reported that the GFI1-36N allele has a prevalence of 10% to 15% among patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 5% to 7% among healthy Caucasians and promotes the development of this disease. Using a multiomics approach, we show here that GFI1-36N expression is associated with increased frequencies of chromosomal aberrations, mutational burden, and mutational signatures in both murine and human AML and impedes homologous recombination (HR)-directed DNA repair in leukemic cells. GFI1-36N exhibits impaired binding to N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (Ndrg1) regulatory elements, causing decreased NDRG1 levels, which leads to a reduction of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) expression levels, as illustrated by both transcriptome and proteome analyses. Targeting MGMT via temozolomide, a DNA alkylating drug, and HR via olaparib, a poly-ADP ribose polymerase 1 inhibitor, caused synthetic lethality in human and murine AML samples expressing GFI1-36N, whereas the effects were insignificant in nonmalignant GFI1-36S or GFI1-36N cells. In addition, mice that received transplantation with GFI1-36N leukemic cells treated with a combination of temozolomide and olaparib had significantly longer AML-free survival than mice that received transplantation with GFI1-36S leukemic cells. This suggests that reduced MGMT expression leaves GFI1-36N leukemic cells particularly vulnerable to DNA damage initiating chemotherapeutics. Our data provide critical insights into novel options to treat patients with AML carrying the GFI1-36N variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Frank
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Pradeep Kumar Patnana
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Vorwerk
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lianghao Mao
- Proteomics and Cancer Cell Signaling Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Leukemia, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lavanya Mokada Gopal
- Proteomics and Cancer Cell Signaling Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Leukemia, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Noelle Jung
- Proteomics and Cancer Cell Signaling Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Leukemia, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorben Hennig
- Proteomics and Cancer Cell Signaling Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Leukemia, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leo Ruhnke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joris Maximillian Frenz
- Proteomics and Cancer Cell Signaling Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Leukemia, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maithreyan Kuppusamy
- Proteomics and Cancer Cell Signaling Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Leukemia, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Autry
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lanying Wei
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kaiyan Sun
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Helal Mohammed Mohammed Ahmed
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Axel Künstner
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Longlong Liu
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xie
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yahya Al-Matary
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Subbaiah Chary Nimmagadda
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fiorella Charles Cano
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felicitas Thol
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gudrun Göhring
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Doris Steinemann
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Thomale
- Institute of Cell Biology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Theo Leitner
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anja Fischer
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Wolfgang E. Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jana Hüve
- Fluorescence Microscopy Facility Münster, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Neumann
- Fluorescence Microscopy Facility Münster, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Refined Laser Systems GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klingauf
- Fluorescence Microscopy Facility Münster, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Virginie Calderon
- Bioinformatic Core Facility, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bertram Opalka
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Rosenbauer
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Dugas
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Varghese
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Aarif M. N. Batcha
- Institute of Medical Data Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Data Integration for Future Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marianna Giorgi
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY
| | - Murugan Selvam
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY
| | - Eunice Wang
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY
| | - Shannon K. McWeeney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jeffrey W. Tyner
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Friedrich Stölzel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Immunotherapy, University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Ashok Kumar Jayavelu
- Proteomics and Cancer Cell Signaling Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Leukemia, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory and Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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3
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Hartung EE, Singh K, Berg T. LSD1 inhibition modulates transcription factor networks in myeloid malignancies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1149754. [PMID: 36969082 PMCID: PMC10036816 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1149754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a type of cancer of the blood system that is characterized by an accumulation of immature hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and blood. Its pathogenesis is characterized by an increase in self-renewal and block in differentiation in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Underlying its pathogenesis is the acquisition of mutations in these cells. As there are many different mutations found in AML that can occur in different combinations the disease is very heterogeneous. There has been some progress in the treatment of AML through the introduction of targeted therapies and a broader application of the stem cell transplantation in its treatment. However, many mutations found in AML are still lacking defined interventions. These are in particular mutations and dysregulation in important myeloid transcription factors and epigenetic regulators that also play a crucial role in normal hematopoietic differentiation. While a direct targeting of the partial loss-of-function or change in function observed in these factors is very difficult to imagine, recent data suggests that the inhibition of LSD1, an important epigenetic regulator, can modulate interactions in the network of myeloid transcription factors and restore differentiation in AML. Interestingly, the impact of LSD1 inhibition in this regard is quite different between normal and malignant hematopoiesis. The effect of LSD1 inhibition involves transcription factors that directly interact with LSD1 such as GFI1 and GFI1B, but also transcription factors that bind to enhancers that are modulated by LSD1 such as PU.1 and C/EBPα as well as transcription factors that are regulated downstream of LSD1 such as IRF8. In this review, we are summarizing the current literature on the impact of LSD1 modulation in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells and the current knowledge how the involved transcription factor networks are altered. We are also exploring how these modulation of transcription factors play into the rational selection of combination partners with LSD1 inhibitors, which is an intense area of clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Hartung
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kanwaldeep Singh
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tobias Berg
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Escarpment Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Tobias Berg,
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4
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Casey MJ, Call AM, Thorpe AV, Jette CA, Engel ME, Stewart RA. The scaffolding function of LSD1/KDM1A reinforces a negative feedback loop to repress stem cell gene expression during primitive hematopoiesis. iScience 2022; 26:105737. [PMID: 36594016 PMCID: PMC9803847 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lsd1/Kdm1a functions both as a histone demethylase enzyme and as a scaffold for assembling chromatin modifier and transcription factor complexes to regulate gene expression. The relative contributions of Lsd1's demethylase and scaffolding functions during embryogenesis are not known. Here, we analyze two independent zebrafish lsd1/kdm1a mutant lines and show Lsd1 is required to repress primitive hematopoietic stem cell gene expression. Lsd1 rescue constructs containing point mutations that selectively abrogate its demethylase or scaffolding capacity demonstrate the scaffolding function of Lsd1, not its demethylase activity, is required for repression of gene expression in vivo. Lsd1's SNAG-binding domain mediates its scaffolding function and reinforces a negative feedback loop to repress the expression of SNAG-domain-containing genes during embryogenesis, including gfi1 and snai1/2. Our findings reveal a model in which the SNAG-binding and scaffolding function of Lsd1, and its associated negative feedback loop, provide transient and reversible regulation of gene expression during hematopoietic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattie J. Casey
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Alexandra M. Call
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Annika V. Thorpe
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Cicely A. Jette
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Michael E. Engel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Emily Couric Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Rodney A. Stewart
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA,Corresponding author
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5
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Nath P, Maiti D. A review of the mutagenic potential of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) to induce hematological malignancies. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23067. [PMID: 35393684 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review is intended to summarize the existing literature on the mutagenicity of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) in inducing hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in mice. Blood or hematological malignancies are the most common malignant disorders seen in people of all age groups. Driven by a number of genetic alterations, leukemia rule out the normal proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their progenitors in the bone marrow (BM) and severely affects blood functions. Out of all hematological malignancies, AML is the most aggressive type, with a high incidence and mortality rate. AML is found as either de novo or secondary therapeutic AML (t-AML). t-AML is a serious adverse consequence of alkylator chemotherapy to the cancer patient and alone constitutes about 10%-20% of all reported AML cases. Cancer patients who received alkylator chemotherapy are at an elevated risk of developing t-AML. ENU has a long history of use as a potent carcinogen that induces blood malignancies in mice and rats that are pathologically similar to human AML and t-AML. ENU, once entered into the body, circulates all over the body tissues and reaches BM. It creates an overall state of suppression within the BM by damaging the marrow cells, alkylating the DNA, and forming DNA adducts within the early and late hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The BM holds a weak DNA repair mechanism due to low alkyltransferase, and poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP) enzyme content often fails to obliterate those adducts, acting as a catalyst to bring genetic abnormalities, including point gene mutations as well as chromosomal alterations, for example, translocation and inversion. Taking advantage of ENU-induced immune-suppressed state and weak immune surveillance, these mutations remain viable and slowly give rise to transformed HSCs. This review also highlights the carcinogenic nature of ENU and the complex relation between the ENU's overall toxicity in the induction of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyatosh Nath
- Immunology Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Debasish Maiti
- Immunology Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Agartala, Tripura, India
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6
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Sun W, Guo J, McClellan D, Poeschla A, Bareyan D, Casey MJ, Cairns BR, Tantin D, Engel ME. GFI1 Cooperates with IKZF1/IKAROS to Activate Gene Expression in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:501-514. [PMID: 34980595 PMCID: PMC8983472 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Growth factor independence-1 (GFI1) is a transcriptional repressor and master regulator of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Repression by GFI1 is attributable to recruitment of LSD1-containing protein complexes via its SNAG domain. However, the full complement of GFI1 partners in transcriptional control is not known. We show that in T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, GFI1 and IKAROS are transcriptional partners that co-occupy regulatory regions of hallmark T-cell development genes. Transcriptional profiling reveals a subset of genes directly transactivated through the GFI1-IKAROS partnership. Among these is NOTCH3, a key factor in T-ALL pathogenesis. Surprisingly, NOTCH3 expression by GFI1 and IKAROS requires the GFI1 SNAG domain but occurs independent of SNAG-LSD1 binding. GFI1 variants deficient in LSD1 binding fail to activate NOTCH3, but conversely, small molecules that disrupt the SNAG-LSD1 interaction while leaving the SNAG primary structure intact stimulate NOTCH3 expression. These results identify a noncanonical transcriptional control mechanism in T-ALL which supports GFI1-mediated transactivation in partnership with IKAROS and suggest competition between LSD1-containing repressive complexes and others favoring transactivation. IMPLICATIONS Combinatorial diversity and cooperation between DNA binding proteins and complexes assembled by them can direct context-dependent transcriptional outputs to control cell fate and may offer new insights for therapeutic targeting in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jingtao Guo
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - David McClellan
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Alexandra Poeschla
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Diana Bareyan
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mattie J. Casey
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Bradley R. Cairns
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Dean Tantin
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Michael E. Engel
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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7
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Petrusca DN, Mulcrone PL, Macar DA, Bishop RT, Berdyshev E, Suvannasankha A, Anderson JL, Sun Q, Auron PE, Galson DL, Roodman GD. GFI1-Dependent Repression of SGPP1 Increases Multiple Myeloma Cell Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030772. [PMID: 35159039 PMCID: PMC8833953 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary New therapies have greatly improved the progression-free and overall survival for patients with “standard risk” multiple myeloma (MM). However, patients with “high risk” MM, in particular patients whose MM cells harbor non-functional p53, have very short survival times because of the early relapse and rapid development of highly therapy-resistant MM. In this report, we identify a novel mechanism responsible for Growth Factor Independence-1 (GFI1) regulation of the growth and survival of MM cells through its modulation of sphingolipid metabolism, regardless of their p53 status. We identify the Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Phosphatase (SGPP1) gene as a novel direct target of GFI1 transcriptional repression in MM cells, thus increasing intracellular sphingosine-1-phosphate levels, which stabilizes c-Myc. Our results support GFI1 as an attractive therapeutic target for all types of MM, including the “high risk” patient population with non-functional p53, as well as a possible therapeutic approach for other types of cancers expressing high levels of c-Myc. Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable for most patients due to the emergence of drug resistant clones. Here we report a p53-independent mechanism responsible for Growth Factor Independence-1 (GFI1) support of MM cell survival by its modulation of sphingolipid metabolism to increase the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) level regardless of the p53 status. We found that expression of enzymes that control S1P biosynthesis, SphK1, dephosphorylation, and SGPP1 were differentially correlated with GFI1 levels in MM cells. We detected GFI1 occupancy on the SGGP1 gene in MM cells in a predicted enhancer region at the 5’ end of intron 1, which correlated with decreased SGGP1 expression and increased S1P levels in GFI1 overexpressing cells, regardless of their p53 status. The high S1P:Ceramide intracellular ratio in MM cells protected c-Myc protein stability in a PP2A-dependent manner. The decreased MM viability by SphK1 inhibition was dependent on the induction of autophagy in both p53WT and p53mut MM. An autophagic blockade prevented GFI1 support for viability only in p53mut MM, demonstrating that GFI1 increases MM cell survival via both p53WT inhibition and upregulation of S1P independently. Therefore, GFI1 may be a key therapeutic target for all types of MM that may significantly benefit patients that are highly resistant to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela N. Petrusca
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (P.L.M.); (A.S.); (J.L.A.); (G.D.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(317)-278-5548
| | - Patrick L. Mulcrone
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (P.L.M.); (A.S.); (J.L.A.); (G.D.R.)
| | - David A. Macar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; (D.A.M.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Ryan T. Bishop
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Research Center and Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Evgeny Berdyshev
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA;
| | - Attaya Suvannasankha
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (P.L.M.); (A.S.); (J.L.A.); (G.D.R.)
- Richard L. Rodebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1481 W 10th St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Judith L. Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (P.L.M.); (A.S.); (J.L.A.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Quanhong Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (Q.S.); (D.L.G.)
| | - Philip E. Auron
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; (D.A.M.); (P.E.A.)
| | - Deborah L. Galson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (Q.S.); (D.L.G.)
| | - G. David Roodman
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (P.L.M.); (A.S.); (J.L.A.); (G.D.R.)
- Richard L. Rodebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1481 W 10th St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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8
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Curcumin as an Epigenetic Therapeutic Agent in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010411. [PMID: 35008835 PMCID: PMC8745143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth Factor Independence 1 (GFI1) is a transcription factor with an important role in the regulation of development of myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages and was implicated in the development of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Reduced expression of GFI1 or presence of the GFI1-36N (serine replaced with asparagine) variant leads to epigenetic changes in human and murine AML blasts and accelerated the development of leukaemia in a murine model of human MDS and AML. We and other groups previously showed that the GFI1-36N allele or reduced expression of GFI1 in human AML blasts is associated with an inferior prognosis. Using GFI1-36S, -36N -KD, NUP98-HOXD13-tg mice and curcumin (a natural histone acetyltransferase inhibitor (HATi)), we now demonstrate that expansion of GFI1-36N or –KD, NUP98-HODXD13 leukaemic cells can be delayed. Curcumin treatment significantly reduced AML progression in GFI1-36N or -KD mice and prolonged AML-free survival. Of note, curcumin treatment had no effect in GFI1-36S, NUP98-HODXD13 expressing mice. On a molecular level, curcumin treatment negatively affected open chromatin structure in the GFI1-36N or -KD haematopoietic cells but not GFI1-36S cells. Taken together, our study thus identified a therapeutic role for curcumin treatment in the treatment of AML patients (homo or heterozygous for GFI1-36N or reduced GFI1 expression) and possibly improved therapy outcome.
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9
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Fraszczak J, Arman KM, Lacroix M, Vadnais C, Gaboury L, Möröy T. Severe Inflammatory Reactions in Mice Expressing a GFI1 P2A Mutant Defective in Binding to the Histone Demethylase KDM1A (LSD1). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1599-1615. [PMID: 34408010 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
GFI1 is a DNA-binding transcription factor that regulates hematopoiesis by repressing target genes through its association with complexes containing histone demethylases such as KDM1A (LSD1) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). To study the consequences of the disruption of the complex between GFI1 and histone-modifying enzymes, we have used knock-in mice harboring a P2A mutation in GFI1 coding region that renders it unable to bind LSD1 and associated histone-modifying enzymes such as HDACs. GFI1P2A mice die prematurely and show increased numbers of memory effector and regulatory T cells in the spleen accompanied by a severe systemic inflammation with high serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β and overexpression of the gene encoding the cytokine oncostatin M (OSM). We identified lung alveolar macrophages, CD8 T cell from the spleen and thymic eosinophils, and monocytes as the sources of these cytokines in GFI1P2A mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that GFI1/LSD1 complexes occupy sites at the Osm promoter and an intragenic region of the Tnfα gene and that a GFI1P2A mutant still remains bound at these sites even without LSD1. Methylation and acetylation of histone H3 at these sites were enriched in cells from GFI1P2A mice, the H3K27 acetylation being the most significant. These data suggest that the histone modification facilitated by GFI1 is critical to control inflammatory pathways in different cell types, including monocytes and eosinophils, and that a disruption of GFI1-associated complexes can lead to systemic inflammation with fatal consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaifee Mohammad Arman
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marion Lacroix
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Charles Vadnais
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Louis Gaboury
- Unité de Recherche en Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire, Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie, Montreal, Canada.,Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; and
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; .,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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10
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Shiraishi R, Kawauchi D. Epigenetic regulation in medulloblastoma pathogenesis revealed by genetically engineered mouse models. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2948-2957. [PMID: 34050694 PMCID: PMC8353939 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant cerebellar tumor in children. Recent technological advances in multilayered ’omics data analysis have revealed 4 molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma (Wingless/int, Sonic hedgehog, Group3, and Group4). (Epi)genomic and transcriptomic profiling on human primary medulloblastomas has shown distinct oncogenic drivers and cellular origin(s) across the subgroups. Despite tremendous efforts to identify the molecular signals driving tumorigenesis, few of the identified targets were druggable; therefore, a further understanding of the etiology of tumors is required to establish effective molecular‐targeted therapies. Chromatin regulators are frequently mutated in medulloblastoma, prompting us to investigate epigenetic changes and the accompanying activation of oncogenic signaling during tumorigenesis. For this purpose, we have used germline and non‐germline genetically engineered mice to model human medulloblastoma and to conduct useful, molecularly targeted, preclinical studies. This review discusses the biological implications of chromatin regulator mutations during medulloblastoma pathogenesis, based on recent in vivo animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Shiraishi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of NCNP Brain Physiology and Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
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11
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The transcription factors GFI1 and GFI1B as modulators of the innate and acquired immune response. Adv Immunol 2021; 149:35-94. [PMID: 33993920 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
GFI1 and GFI1B are small nuclear proteins of 45 and 37kDa, respectively, that have a simple two-domain structure: The first consists of a group of six c-terminal C2H2 zinc finger motifs that are almost identical in sequence and bind to very similar, specific DNA sites. The second is an N-terminal 20 amino acid SNAG domain that can bind to the pocket of the histone demethylase KDM1A (LSD1) near its active site. When bound to DNA, both proteins act as bridging factors that bring LSD1 and associated proteins into the vicinity of methylated substrates, in particular histone H3 or TP53. GFI1 can also bring methyl transferases such as PRMT1 together with its substrates that include the DNA repair proteins MRE11 and 53BP1, thereby enabling their methylation and activation. While GFI1B is expressed almost exclusively in the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineage, GFI1 has clear biological roles in the development and differentiation of lymphoid and myeloid immune cells. GFI1 is required for lymphoid/myeloid and monocyte/granulocyte lineage decision as well as the correct nuclear interpretation of a number of important immune-signaling pathways that are initiated by NOTCH1, interleukins such as IL2, IL4, IL5 or IL7, by the pre TCR or -BCR receptors during early lymphoid differentiation or by T and B cell receptors during activation of lymphoid cells. Myeloid cells also depend on GFI1 at both stages of early differentiation as well as later stages in the process of activation of macrophages through Toll-like receptors in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The knowledge gathered on these factors over the last decades puts GFI1 and GFI1B at the center of many biological processes that are critical for both the innate and acquired immune system.
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12
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Tan Y, Wang X, Song H, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Li S, Jin W, Chen S, Fang H, Chen Z, Wang K. A PML/RARα direct target atlas redefines transcriptional deregulation in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 2021; 137:1503-1516. [PMID: 32854112 PMCID: PMC7976511 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional deregulation initiated by oncogenic fusion proteins plays a vital role in leukemia. The prevailing view is that the oncogenic fusion protein promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor-α (PML/RARα), generated by the chromosome translocation t(15;17), functions as a transcriptional repressor in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Here, we provide rich evidence of how PML/RARα drives oncogenesis through both repressive and activating functions, particularly the importance of the newly identified activation role for the leukemogenesis of APL. The activating function of PML/RARα is achieved by recruiting both abundant P300 and HDAC1 and by the formation of super-enhancers. All-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide, 2 widely used drugs in APL therapy, exert synergistic effects on controlling super-enhancer-associated PML/RARα-regulated targets in APL cells. We use a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments to demonstrate that PML/RARα-activated target gene GFI1 is necessary for the maintenance of APL cells and that PML/RARα, likely oligomerized, transactivates GFI1 through chromatin conformation at the super-enhancer region. Finally, we profile GFI1 targets and reveal the interplay between GFI1 and PML/RARα on chromatin in coregulating target genes. Our study provides genomic insight into the dual role of fusion transcription factors in transcriptional deregulation to drive leukemia development, highlighting the importance of globally dissecting regulatory circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Huan Song
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongsheng Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Shufen Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kankan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; and
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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van Gils N, Verhagen HJMP, Rutten A, Menezes RX, Tsui ML, Vermue E, Dekens E, Brocco F, Denkers F, Kessler FL, Ossenkoppele GJ, Janssen JJWM, Smit L. IGFBP7 activates retinoid acid-induced responses in acute myeloid leukemia stem and progenitor cells. Blood Adv 2020; 4:6368-6383. [PMID: 33351133 PMCID: PMC7756998 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in combination with low doses of arsenic trioxide or chemotherapy leads to exceptionally high cure rates (>90%). ATRA forces APL cells into differentiation and cell death. Unfortunately, ATRA-based therapy has not been effective among any other acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtype, and long-term survival rates remain unacceptably low; only 30% of AML patients survive 5 years after diagnosis. Here, we identified insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) as part of ATRA-induced responses in APL cells. Most importantly, we observed that addition of recombinant human IGFBP7 (rhIGFBP7) increased ATRA-driven responses in a subset of non-APL AML samples: those with high RARA expression. In nonpromyelocytic AML, rhIGFBP7 treatment induced a transcriptional program that sensitized AML cells for ATRA-induced differentiation, cell death, and inhibition of leukemic stem/progenitor cell survival. Furthermore, the engraftment of primary AML in mice was significantly reduced following treatment with the combination of rhIGFBP7 and ATRA. Mechanistically, we showed that the synergism of ATRA and rhIGFBP7 is due, at least in part, to reduction of the transcription factor GFI1. Together, these results suggest a potential clinical utility of IGFBP7 and ATRA combination treatment to eliminate primary AML (leukemic stem/progenitor) cells and reduce relapse in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje van Gils
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Han J M P Verhagen
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Arjo Rutten
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Renee X Menezes
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mei-Ling Tsui
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Eline Vermue
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Esmée Dekens
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Fabio Brocco
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Fedor Denkers
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Floortje L Kessler
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Gert J Ossenkoppele
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Jeroen J W M Janssen
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Linda Smit
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
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14
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Beauchemin H, Möröy T. Multifaceted Actions of GFI1 and GFI1B in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Lineage Commitment. Front Genet 2020; 11:591099. [PMID: 33193732 PMCID: PMC7649360 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.591099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factor independence 1 (GFI1) and the closely related protein GFI1B are small nuclear proteins that act as DNA binding transcriptional repressors. Both recognize the same consensus DNA binding motif via their C-terminal zinc finger domains and regulate the expression of their target genes by recruiting chromatin modifiers such as histone deacetylases (HDACs) and demethylases (LSD1) by using an N-terminal SNAG domain that comprises only 20 amino acids. The only region that is different between both proteins is the region that separates the zinc finger domains and the SNAG domain. Both proteins are co-expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and, to some extent, in multipotent progenitors (MPPs), but expression is specified as soon as early progenitors and show signs of lineage bias. While expression of GFI1 is maintained in lymphoid primed multipotent progenitors (LMPPs) that have the potential to differentiate into both myeloid and lymphoid cells, GFI1B expression is no longer detectable in these cells. By contrast, GFI1 expression is lost in megakaryocyte precursors (MKPs) and in megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors (MEPs), which maintain a high level of GFI1B expression. Consequently, GFI1 drives myeloid and lymphoid differentiation and GFI1B drives the development of megakaryocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes. How such complementary cell type- and lineage-specific functions of GFI1 and GFI1B are maintained is still an unresolved question in particular since they share an almost identical structure and very similar biochemical modes of actions. The cell type-specific accessibility of GFI1/1B binding sites may explain the fact that very similar transcription factors can be responsible for very different transcriptional programming. An additional explanation comes from recent data showing that both proteins may have additional non-transcriptional functions. GFI1 interacts with a number of proteins involved in DNA repair and lack of GFI1 renders HSCs highly susceptible to DNA damage-induced death and restricts their proliferation. In contrast, GFI1B binds to proteins of the beta-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway and lack of GFI1B leads to an expansion of HSCs and MKPs, illustrating the different impact that GFI1 or GFI1B has on HSCs. In addition, GFI1 and GFI1B are required for endothelial cells to become the first blood cells during early murine development and are among those transcription factors needed to convert adult endothelial cells or fibroblasts into HSCs. This role of GFI1 and GFI1B bears high significance for the ongoing effort to generate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells de novo for the autologous treatment of blood disorders such as leukemia and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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15
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Zhang Y, Dong F. Gfi1 upregulates c-Myc expression and promotes c-Myc-driven cell proliferation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17115. [PMID: 33051558 PMCID: PMC7554040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Gfi1 is a zinc-finger transcriptional repressor that plays an important role in hematopoiesis. When aberrantly activated, Gfi1 may function as a weak oncoprotein in the lymphoid system, but collaborates strongly with c-Myc in lymphomagenesis. The mechanism by which Gfi1 collaborates with c-Myc in lymphomagenesis is incompletely understood. We show here that Gfi1 augmented the expression of c-Myc protein in cells transfected with c-Myc expression constructs. The N-terminal SNAG domain and C-terminal ZF domains of Gfi1, but not its transcriptional repression and DNA binding activities, were required for c-Myc upregulation. We further show that Gfi1 overexpression led to reduced polyubiquitination and increased stability of c-Myc protein. Interestingly, the levels of endogenous c-Myc mRNA and protein were augmented upon Gfi1 overexpression, but reduced following Gfi1 knockdown or knockout, which was associated with a decline in the expression of c-Myc-activated target genes. Consistent with its role in the regulation of c-Myc expression, Gfi1 promoted Myc-driven cell cycle progression and proliferation. Together, these data reveal a novel mechanism by which Gfi1 augments the biological function of c-Myc and may have implications for understanding the functional collaboration between Gfi1 and c-Myc in lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Fan Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.
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16
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Ihry RJ, Salick MR, Ho DJ, Sondey M, Kommineni S, Paula S, Raymond J, Henry B, Frias E, Wang Q, Worringer KA, Ye C, Russ C, Reece-Hoyes JS, Altshuler RC, Randhawa R, Yang Z, McAllister G, Hoffman GR, Dolmetsch R, Kaykas A. Genome-Scale CRISPR Screens Identify Human Pluripotency-Specific Genes. Cell Rep 2020; 27:616-630.e6. [PMID: 30970262 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) generate a variety of disease-relevant cells that can be used to improve the translation of preclinical research. Despite the potential of hPSCs, their use for genetic screening has been limited by technical challenges. We developed a scalable and renewable Cas9 and sgRNA-hPSC library in which loss-of-function mutations can be induced at will. Our inducible mutant hPSC library can be used for multiple genome-wide CRISPR screens in a variety of hPSC-induced cell types. As proof of concept, we performed three screens for regulators of properties fundamental to hPSCs: their ability to self-renew and/or survive (fitness), their inability to survive as single-cell clones, and their capacity to differentiate. We identified the majority of known genes and pathways involved in these processes, as well as a plethora of genes with unidentified roles. This resource will increase the understanding of human development and genetics. This approach will be a powerful tool to identify disease-modifying genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Ihry
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Max R Salick
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Insitro, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Daniel J Ho
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marie Sondey
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Abbvie, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sravya Kommineni
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Casma Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Steven Paula
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joe Raymond
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Beata Henry
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elizabeth Frias
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kathleen A Worringer
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chaoyang Ye
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Blueprint Medicines, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Carsten Russ
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John S Reece-Hoyes
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert C Altshuler
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ranjit Randhawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Axcella Health, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zinger Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Gregory McAllister
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gregory R Hoffman
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ricardo Dolmetsch
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ajamete Kaykas
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Insitro, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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17
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Combined inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway and lysine-specific demethylase 1 as a therapeutic strategy in CSF3R/CEBPA mutant acute myeloid leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:13670-13679. [PMID: 32471953 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918307117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a deadly hematologic malignancy with poor prognosis, particularly in the elderly. Even among individuals with favorable-risk disease, approximately half will relapse with conventional therapy. In this clinical circumstance, the determinants of relapse are unclear, and there are no therapeutic interventions that can prevent recurrent disease. Mutations in the transcription factor CEBPA are associated with favorable risk in AML. However, mutations in the growth factor receptor CSF3R are commonly co-occurrent in CEBPA mutant AML and are associated with an increased risk of relapse. To develop therapeutic strategies for this disease subset, we performed medium-throughput drug screening on CEBPA/CSF3R mutant leukemia cells and identified sensitivity to inhibitors of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1). Treatment of CSF3R/CEBPA mutant leukemia cells with LSD1 inhibitors reactivates differentiation-associated enhancers driving immunophenotypic and morphologic differentiation. LSD1 inhibition is ineffective as monotherapy but demonstrates synergy with inhibitors of JAK/STAT signaling, doubling median survival in vivo. These results demonstrate that combined inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling and LSD1 is a promising therapeutic strategy for CEBPA/CSF3R mutant AML.
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18
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Fiore A, Liang Y, Lin YH, Tung J, Wang H, Langlais D, Nijnik A. Deubiquitinase MYSM1 in the Hematopoietic System and beyond: A Current Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21083007. [PMID: 32344625 PMCID: PMC7216186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
MYSM1 has emerged as an important regulator of hematopoietic stem cell function, blood cell production, immune response, and other aspects of mammalian physiology. It is a metalloprotease family protein with deubiquitinase catalytic activity, as well as SANT and SWIRM domains. MYSM1 normally localizes to the nucleus, where it can interact with chromatin and regulate gene expression, through deubiquitination of histone H2A and non-catalytic contacts with other transcriptional regulators. A cytosolic form of MYSM1 protein was also recently described and demonstrated to regulate signal transduction pathways of innate immunity, by promoting the deubiquitination of TRAF3, TRAF6, and RIP2. In this work we review the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of action of MYSM1 protein in transcriptional regulation, signal transduction, and potentially other cellular processes. The functions of MYSM1 in different cell types and aspects of mammalian physiology are also reviewed, highlighting the key checkpoints in hematopoiesis, immunity, and beyond regulated by MYSM1. Importantly, mutations in MYSM1 in human were recently linked to a rare hereditary disorder characterized by leukopenia, anemia, and other hematopoietic and developmental abnormalities. Our growing knowledge of MYSM1 functions and mechanisms of actions sheds important insights into its role in mammalian physiology and the etiology of the MYSM1-deficiency disorder in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Fiore
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3655, Canada; (A.F.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.L.); (J.T.); (H.W.)
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3649, Canada;
| | - Yue Liang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3655, Canada; (A.F.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.L.); (J.T.); (H.W.)
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3649, Canada;
| | - Yun Hsiao Lin
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3655, Canada; (A.F.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.L.); (J.T.); (H.W.)
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3649, Canada;
| | - Jacky Tung
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3655, Canada; (A.F.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.L.); (J.T.); (H.W.)
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3649, Canada;
| | - HanChen Wang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3655, Canada; (A.F.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.L.); (J.T.); (H.W.)
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3649, Canada;
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3640, Canada
| | - David Langlais
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3649, Canada;
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3640, Canada
- McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC 740, Canada
| | - Anastasia Nijnik
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3655, Canada; (A.F.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.L.); (J.T.); (H.W.)
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3649, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-398-5567
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19
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van Bergen MGJM, van der Reijden BA. Targeting the GFI1/1B-CoREST Complex in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1027. [PMID: 31649884 PMCID: PMC6794713 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a block in cellular differentiation. Recent studies have shown that small molecules targeting Lysine Specific Demethylase 1A (KDM1A) may force the malignant cells to terminally differentiate. KDM1A is a core component of the chromatin binding CoREST complex. Together with histone deacetylases CoREST regulates gene expression by histone 3 demethylation and deacetylation. The transcription factors GFI1 and GFI1B (for growth factor independence) are major interaction partners of KDM1A and recruit the CoREST complex to chromatin in myeloid cells. Recent studies show that the small molecules that target KDM1A disrupt the GFI1/1B-CoREST interaction and that this is key to inducing terminal differentiation of leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bert A. van der Reijden
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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20
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Möröy T, Khandanpour C. Role of GFI1 in Epigenetic Regulation of MDS and AML Pathogenesis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Front Oncol 2019; 9:824. [PMID: 31508375 PMCID: PMC6718700 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factor independence 1 (GFI1) is a DNA binding zinc finger protein, which can mediate transcriptional repression mainly by recruiting histone-modifying enzymes to its target genes. GFI1 plays important roles in hematopoiesis, in particular by regulating both the function of hematopoietic stem- and precursor cells and differentiation along myeloid and lymphoid lineages. In recent years, a number of publications have provided evidence that GFI1 is involved in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), its proposed precursor, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and possibly also in the progression from MDS to AML. For instance, expression levels of the GFI1 gene correlate with patient survival and treatment response in both AML and MDS and can influence disease progression and maintenance in experimental animal models. Also, a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of GFI1, GFI1-36N, which encodes a variant GFI1 protein with a decreased efficiency to act as a transcriptional repressor, was found to be a prognostic factor for the development of AML and MDS. Both the GFI1-36N variant as well as reduced expression of the GFI1 gene lead to genome-wide epigenetic changes at sites where GFI1 occupies target gene promoters and enhancers. These epigenetic changes alter the response of leukemic cells to epigenetic drugs such as HDAC- or HAT inhibitors, indicating that GFI1 expression levels and genetic variants of GFI1 are of clinical relevance. Based on these and other findings, specific therapeutic approaches have been proposed to treat AML by targeting some of the epigenetic changes that occur as a consequence of GFI1 expression. Here, we will review the well-known role of Gfi1 as a transcription factor and describe the more recently discovered functions of GFI1 that are independent of DNA binding and how these might affect disease progression and the choice of epigenetic drugs for therapeutic regimens of AML and MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Möröy
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Cancer, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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21
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An integrated transcriptional switch at the β-selection checkpoint determines T cell survival, development and leukaemogenesis. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:1077-1089. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20180414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In T cell development, a pivotal decision-making stage, termed β-selection, integrates a TCRβ checkpoint to coordinate survival, proliferation and differentiation to an αβ T cell. Here, we review how transcriptional regulation coordinates fate determination in early T cell development to enable β-selection. Errors in this transcription control can trigger T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. We describe how the β-selection checkpoint goes awry in leukaemic transformation.
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22
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A novel regulatory circuit between p53 and GFI1 controls induction of apoptosis in T cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6304. [PMID: 31004086 PMCID: PMC6474872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we demonstrate a mode of reciprocal regulation between GFI1 and p53 that controls the induction of apoptosis in T cells. We show that GFI1 prevents induction of p53 dependent apoptosis by recruiting LSD1 to p53, which leads to the demethylation of its C-terminal domain. This is accompanied by a decrease of the acetylation of lysine 117 within the core domain of the murine p53 protein, which is required for transcriptional induction of apoptosis. Our results support a model in which the effect of GFI1’s regulation of methylation at the c-terminus of p53 is ultimately mediated through control of acetylation at lysine 117 of p53. We propose that GFI1 acts prior to the occurrence of DNA damage to affect the post-translational modification state and limit the subsequent activation of p53. Once activated, p53 then transcriptionally activates GFI1, presumably in order to re-establish the homeostatic balance of p53 activity. These findings have implications for the activity level of p53 in various disease contexts where levels of GFI1 are either increased or decreased.
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23
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Gfi1-Mediated Repression of c-Fos, Egr-1 and Egr-2, and Inhibition of ERK1/2 Signaling Contribute to the Role of Gfi1 in Granulopoiesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:737. [PMID: 30679703 PMCID: PMC6345849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gfi1 supports neutrophil development at the expense of monopoiesis, but the underlying molecular mechanism is incompletely understood. We recently showed that the G-CSFR Y729F mutant, in which tyrosine 729 was mutated to phenylalanine, promoted monocyte rather than neutrophil development in myeloid precursors, which was associated with prolonged activation of Erk1/2 and enhanced activation of c-Fos and Egr-1. We show here that Gfi1 inhibited the expression of c-Fos, Egr-1 and Egr-2, and rescued neutrophil development in cells expressing G-CSFR Y729F. Gfi1 directly bound to and repressed c-Fos and Egr-1, as has been shown for Egr-2, all of which are the immediate early genes (IEGs) of the Erk1/2 pathway. Interestingly, G-CSF- and M-CSF-stimulated activation of Erk1/2 was augmented in lineage-negative (Lin−) bone marrow (BM) cells from Gfi1−/− mice. Suppression of Erk1/2 signaling resulted in diminished expression of c-Fos, Egr-1 and Egr-2, and partially rescued the neutrophil development of Gfi1−/− BM cells, which are intrinsically defective for neutrophil development. Together, our data indicate that Gfi1 inhibits the expression of c-Fos, Egr-1 and Egr-2 through direct transcriptional repression and indirect inhibition of Erk1/2 signaling, and that Gfi1-mediated downregulation of c-Fos, Egr-1 and Egr-2 may contribute to the role of Gfi1 in granulopoiesis.
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24
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Barth J, Abou-El-Ardat K, Dalic D, Kurrle N, Maier AM, Mohr S, Schütte J, Vassen L, Greve G, Schulz-Fincke J, Schmitt M, Tosic M, Metzger E, Bug G, Khandanpour C, Wagner SA, Lübbert M, Jung M, Serve H, Schüle R, Berg T. LSD1 inhibition by tranylcypromine derivatives interferes with GFI1-mediated repression of PU.1 target genes and induces differentiation in AML. Leukemia 2019; 33:1411-1426. [PMID: 30679800 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
LSD1 has emerged as a promising epigenetic target in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We used two murine AML models based on retroviral overexpression of Hoxa9/Meis1 (H9M) or MN1 to study LSD1 loss of function in AML. The conditional knockout of Lsd1 resulted in differentiation with both granulocytic and monocytic features and increased ATRA sensitivity and extended the survival of mice with H9M-driven AML. The conditional knockout led to an increased expression of multiple genes regulated by the important myeloid transcription factors GFI1 and PU.1. These include the transcription factors GFI1B and IRF8. We also compared the effect of different irreversible and reversible inhibitors of LSD1 in AML and could show that only tranylcypromine derivatives were capable of inducing a differentiation response. We employed a conditional knock-in model of inactive, mutant LSD1 to study the effect of only interfering with LSD1 enzymatic activity. While this was sufficient to initiate differentiation, it did not result in a survival benefit in mice. Hence, we believe that targeting both enzymatic and scaffolding functions of LSD1 is required to efficiently treat AML. This finding as well as the identified biomarkers may be relevant for the treatment of AML patients with LSD1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Barth
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Khalil Abou-El-Ardat
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Denis Dalic
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Nina Kurrle
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Maier
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mohr
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Judith Schütte
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lothar Vassen
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Gabriele Greve
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine I, Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schulz-Fincke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schmitt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Milica Tosic
- Department of Urology and Center for Clinical Research, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eric Metzger
- Department of Urology and Center for Clinical Research, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gesine Bug
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sebastian A Wagner
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Lübbert
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine I, Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hubert Serve
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Schüle
- Department of Urology and Center for Clinical Research, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Berg
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt, Germany. .,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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25
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Lsd1 as a therapeutic target in Gfi1-activated medulloblastoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:332. [PMID: 30659187 PMCID: PMC6338772 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Drugs that modify the epigenome are powerful tools for treating cancer, but these drugs often have pleiotropic effects, and identifying patients who will benefit from them remains a major clinical challenge. Here we show that medulloblastomas driven by the transcription factor Gfi1 are exquisitely dependent on the enzyme lysine demethylase 1 (Kdm1a/Lsd1). We demonstrate that Lsd1 physically associates with Gfi1, and that these proteins cooperate to inhibit genes involved in neuronal commitment and differentiation. We also show that Lsd1 is essential for Gfi1-mediated transformation: Gfi1 proteins that cannot recruit Lsd1 are unable to drive tumorigenesis, and genetic ablation of Lsd1 markedly impairs tumor growth in vivo. Finally, pharmacological inhibitors of Lsd1 potently inhibit growth of Gfi1-driven tumors. These studies provide important insight into the mechanisms by which Gfi1 contributes to tumorigenesis, and identify Lsd1 inhibitors as promising therapeutic agents for Gfi1-driven medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma is one of the most prevalent malignant brain tumors in children and has very poor prognosis. In this study, the authors show, using a mouse model of medulloblastoma, that Gfi1 promotes tumor growth by recruiting Lsd1, that this interaction inhibits genes involved in neuronal differentiation, and that Lsd1 may be a therapeutic target in Gfi1-activated tumors.
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26
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Dwivedi P, Muench DE, Wagner M, Azam M, Grimes HL, Greis KD. Time resolved quantitative phospho-tyrosine analysis reveals Bruton's Tyrosine kinase mediated signaling downstream of the mutated granulocyte-colony stimulating factor receptors. Leukemia 2019; 33:75-87. [PMID: 29977015 PMCID: PMC6320735 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) controls myeloid progenitor proliferation and differentiation to neutrophils. Mutations in CSF3R (encoding G-CSFR) have been reported in patients with chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, despite years of research, the malignant downstream signaling of the mutated G-CSFRs is not well understood. Here, we used a quantitative phospho-tyrosine analysis to generate a comprehensive signaling map of G-CSF induced tyrosine phosphorylation in the normal versus mutated (proximal: T618I and truncated: Q741x) G-CSFRs. Unbiased clustering and kinase enrichment analysis identified rapid induction of phospho-proteins associated with endocytosis by the wild type G-CSFR only; while G-CSFR mutants showed abnormal kinetics of canonical Stat3, Stat5, and Mapk phosphorylation, and aberrant activation of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (Btk). Mutant-G-CSFR-expressing cells displayed enhanced sensitivity (3-5-fold lower IC50) for ibrutinib-based chemical inhibition of Btk. Primary murine progenitor cells from G-CSFR-Q741x knock-in mice validated activation of Btk by the mutant receptor and retrovirally transduced human CD34+ umbilical cord blood cells expressing mutant receptors displayed enhanced sensitivity to Ibrutinib. A significantly lower clonogenic potential was displayed by both murine and human primary cells expressing mutated receptors upon ibrutinib treatment. Finally, a dramatic synergy was observed between ibrutinib and ruxolinitib at lower dose of the individual drug. Altogether, these data demonstrate the strength of unsupervised proteomics analyses in dissecting oncogenic pathways, and suggest repositioning Ibrutinib for therapy of myeloid leukemia bearing CSF3R mutations. Phospho-tyrosine data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD009662.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/genetics
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
- Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic
- Mice
- Mutation
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Piperidines
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/metabolism
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/pathology
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/analysis
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Proteome/analysis
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Dwivedi
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David E Muench
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - H Leighton Grimes
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Kenneth D Greis
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Petrusca DN, Toscani D, Wang FM, Park C, Crean CD, Anderson JL, Marino S, Mohammad KS, Zhou D, Silbermann R, Sun Q, Kurihara N, Galson DL, Giuliani N, Roodman GD. Growth factor independence 1 expression in myeloma cells enhances their growth, survival, and osteoclastogenesis. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:123. [PMID: 30286780 PMCID: PMC6172782 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of major advances in treatment, multiple myeloma (MM) is currently an incurable malignancy due to the emergence of drug-resistant clones. We previously showed that MM cells upregulate the transcriptional repressor, growth factor independence 1 (Gfi1), in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) that induces prolonged inhibition of osteoblast differentiation. However, the role of Gfi1 in MM cells is unknown. METHODS Human primary CD138+ and BMSC were purified from normal donors and MM patients' bone marrow aspirates. Gfi1 knockdown and overexpressing cells were generated by lentiviral-mediated shRNA. Proliferation/apoptosis studies were done by flow cytometry, and protein levels were determined by Western blot and/or immunohistochemistry. An experimental MM mouse model was generated to investigate the effects of MM cells overexpressing Gfi1 on tumor burden and osteolysis in vivo. RESULTS We found that Gfi1 expression is increased in patient's MM cells and MM cell lines and was further increased by co-culture with BMSC, IL-6, and sphingosine-1-phosphate. Modulation of Gfi1 in MM cells had major effects on their survival and growth. Knockdown of Gfi1 induced apoptosis in p53-wt, p53-mutant, and p53-deficient MM cells, while Gfi1 overexpression enhanced MM cell growth and protected MM cells from bortezomib-induced cell death. Gfi1 enhanced cell survival of p53-wt MM cells by binding to p53, thereby blocking binding to the promoters of the pro-apoptotic BAX and NOXA genes. Further, Gfi1-p53 binding could be blocked by HDAC inhibitors. Importantly, inoculation of MM cells overexpressing Gfi1 in mice induced increased bone destruction, increased osteoclast number and size, and enhanced tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS These results support that Gfi1 plays a key role in MM tumor growth, survival, and bone destruction and contributes to bortezomib resistance, suggesting that Gfi1 may be a novel therapeutic target for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela N Petrusca
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 Walnut Street, Walther Hall, Room C346, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Denise Toscani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 Walnut Street, Walther Hall, Room C346, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Myeloma Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Feng-Ming Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 Walnut Street, Walther Hall, Room C346, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Endodontics, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cheolkyu Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 Walnut Street, Walther Hall, Room C346, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Colin D Crean
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 Walnut Street, Walther Hall, Room C346, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Judith L Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 Walnut Street, Walther Hall, Room C346, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Silvia Marino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 Walnut Street, Walther Hall, Room C346, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Khalid S Mohammad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 Walnut Street, Walther Hall, Room C346, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Rebecca Silbermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 Walnut Street, Walther Hall, Room C346, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Quanhong Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Noriyoshi Kurihara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 Walnut Street, Walther Hall, Room C346, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Deborah L Galson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G David Roodman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 Walnut Street, Walther Hall, Room C346, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Rodebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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28
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Cai H, Zhang F, Li Z. Gfi-1 promotes proliferation of human cervical carcinoma via targeting of FBW7 ubiquitin ligase expression. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:2849-2857. [PMID: 30197537 PMCID: PMC6113912 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s161130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The independent growth factor 1 (Gfi-1) is a transcription factor essential for several diverse hematopoietic functions and developments. However, the role and molecular mechanism of Gfi-1 in the development and progression of cervical cancer remains unclear. Purpose The present study investigates the relation of expression of Gfi-1 with prognoses in patients with cervical cancer. Methods We used Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the inhibition of proliferation and metastasis of cervical cancer cells in vitro. Results This study confirms that the expression of Gfi-1 in cervical cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. The level of Gfi-1 mRNA in human cervical cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues adjacent to cancer. Furthermore, overexpression of Gfi-1 promoted cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration of cervical cancer cells. The increased expression of Gfi-1 promotes the proliferation of cervical cancer cells targeting the tumor suppressor F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBW7). Clinically, our data suggest that overexpression of Gfi-1 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cervical cancer. In a tumor xenograft model, knockdown of Gfi-1 inhibited the tumor growth of Hela cells in vivo. Conclusion Our results reveal that Gfi-1 plays an important role in cervical cancer and Gfi-1/FBW7 axis serves as a potential therapeutic target for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Cai
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, .,Hubei Clinical Cancer Study Center, .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, .,Hubei Clinical Cancer Study Center, .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, .,Hubei Clinical Cancer Study Center, .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, People's Republic of China,
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29
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Reduced expression but not deficiency of GFI1 causes a fatal myeloproliferative disease in mice. Leukemia 2018; 33:110-121. [PMID: 29925903 PMCID: PMC6326955 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Growth factor independent 1 (Gfi1) controls myeloid differentiation by regulating gene expression and limits the activation of p53 by facilitating its de-methylation at Lysine 372. In human myeloid leukemia, low GFI1 levels correlate with an inferior prognosis. Here, we show that knockdown (KD) of Gfi1 in mice causes a fatal myeloproliferative disease (MPN) that could progress to leukemia after additional mutations. Both KO and KD mice accumulate myeloid cells that show signs of metabolic stress and high levels of reactive oxygen species. However, only KO cells have elevated levels of Lysine 372 methylated p53. This suggests that in contrast to absence of GFI1, KD of GFI1 leads to the accumulation of myeloid cells because sufficient amount of GFI1 is present to impede p53-mediated cell death, leading to a fatal MPN. The combination of myeloid accumulation and the ability to counteract p53 activity under metabolic stress could explain the role of reduced GF1 expression in human myeloid leukemia.
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30
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Beekman R, Chapaprieta V, Russiñol N, Vilarrasa-Blasi R, Verdaguer-Dot N, Martens JHA, Duran-Ferrer M, Kulis M, Serra F, Javierre BM, Wingett SW, Clot G, Queirós AC, Castellano G, Blanc J, Gut M, Merkel A, Heath S, Vlasova A, Ullrich S, Palumbo E, Enjuanes A, Martín-García D, Beà S, Pinyol M, Aymerich M, Royo R, Puiggros M, Torrents D, Datta A, Lowy E, Kostadima M, Roller M, Clarke L, Flicek P, Agirre X, Prosper F, Baumann T, Delgado J, López-Guillermo A, Fraser P, Yaspo ML, Guigó R, Siebert R, Martí-Renom MA, Puente XS, López-Otín C, Gut I, Stunnenberg HG, Campo E, Martin-Subero JI. The reference epigenome and regulatory chromatin landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nat Med 2018; 24:868-880. [PMID: 29785028 PMCID: PMC6363101 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a frequent hematological neoplasm in which underlying epigenetic alterations are only partially understood. Here, we analyze the reference epigenome of seven primary CLLs and the regulatory chromatin landscape of 107 primary cases in the context of normal B cell differentiation. We identify that the CLL chromatin landscape is largely influenced by distinct dynamics during normal B cell maturation. Beyond this, we define extensive catalogues of regulatory elements de novo reprogrammed in CLL as a whole and in its major clinico-biological subtypes classified by IGHV somatic hypermutation levels. We uncover that IGHV-unmutated CLLs harbor more active and open chromatin than IGHV-mutated cases. Furthermore, we show that de novo active regions in CLL are enriched for NFAT, FOX and TCF/LEF transcription factor family binding sites. Although most genetic alterations are not associated with consistent epigenetic profiles, CLLs with MYD88 mutations and trisomy 12 show distinct chromatin configurations. Furthermore, we observe that non-coding mutations in IGHV-mutated CLLs are enriched in H3K27ac-associated regulatory elements outside accessible chromatin. Overall, this study provides an integrative portrait of the CLL epigenome, identifies extensive networks of altered regulatory elements and sheds light on the relationship between the genetic and epigenetic architecture of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Beekman
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Chapaprieta
- Departament de Fonaments Clinics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Russiñol
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Vilarrasa-Blasi
- Departament de Fonaments Clinics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Verdaguer-Dot
- Departament de Fonaments Clinics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Molecular Biology, NCMLS, FNWI, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martí Duran-Ferrer
- Departament de Fonaments Clinics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Kulis
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - François Serra
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Structural Genomics Group, CNAG-CRG, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Biola M Javierre
- Nuclear Dynamics Program, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven W Wingett
- Nuclear Dynamics Program, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guillem Clot
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana C Queirós
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Julie Blanc
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Gut
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angelika Merkel
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simon Heath
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vlasova
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology and UPF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Ullrich
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology and UPF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Palumbo
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology and UPF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Enjuanes
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Martín-García
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Beà
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magda Pinyol
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Aymerich
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Hematología, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romina Royo
- Programa Conjunto de Biología Computacional, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB), Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Puiggros
- Programa Conjunto de Biología Computacional, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB), Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Torrents
- Programa Conjunto de Biología Computacional, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB), Spanish National Bioinformatics Institute, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Avik Datta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ernesto Lowy
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Myrto Kostadima
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Maša Roller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Laura Clarke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Xabier Agirre
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Area de Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Area de Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Tycho Baumann
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Delgado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Armando López-Guillermo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Fraser
- Nuclear Dynamics Program, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Roderic Guigó
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology and UPF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm and University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc A Martí-Renom
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Structural Genomics Group, CNAG-CRG, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xose S Puente
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ivo Gut
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Elias Campo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Fonaments Clinics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematopathology Section, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose I Martin-Subero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Fonaments Clinics, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Marneth AE, Botezatu L, Hönes JM, Israël JCL, Schütte J, Vassen L, Lams RF, Bergevoet SM, Groothuis L, Mandoli A, Martens JHA, Huls G, Jansen JH, Dührsen U, Berg T, Möröy T, Wichmann C, Lo MC, Zhang DE, van der Reijden BA, Khandanpour C. GFI1 is required for RUNX1/ETO positive acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2018; 103:e395-e399. [PMID: 29674496 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.180844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Marneth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lacramioara Botezatu
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Judith M Hönes
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Jimmy C L Israël
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Schütte
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Lothar Vassen
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Robert F Lams
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Saskia M Bergevoet
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Groothuis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Amit Mandoli
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Huls
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop H Jansen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Berg
- Department of Medicine II-Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Hematopoiesis and Cancer Research Unit, and Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Christian Wichmann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Mia-Chia Lo
- Department of Pathology & Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Dong-Er Zhang
- Department of Pathology & Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Bert A van der Reijden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany .,Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
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32
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Vadnais C, Chen R, Fraszczak J, Yu Z, Boulais J, Pinder J, Frank D, Khandanpour C, Hébert J, Dellaire G, Côté JF, Richard S, Orthwein A, Drobetsky E, Möröy T. GFI1 facilitates efficient DNA repair by regulating PRMT1 dependent methylation of MRE11 and 53BP1. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1418. [PMID: 29651020 PMCID: PMC5897347 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
GFI1 is a transcriptional regulator expressed in lymphoid cells, and an “oncorequisite” factor required for development and maintenance of T-lymphoid leukemia. GFI1 deletion causes hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation, for which the molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that GFI1 is required in T cells for the regulation of key DNA damage signaling and repair proteins. Specifically, GFI1 interacts with the arginine methyltransferase PRMT1 and its substrates MRE11 and 53BP1. We demonstrate that GFI1 enables PRMT1 to bind and methylate MRE11 and 53BP1, which is necessary for their function in the DNA damage response. Thus, our results provide evidence that GFI1 can adopt non-transcriptional roles, mediating the post-translational modification of proteins involved in DNA repair. These findings have direct implications for treatment responses in tumors overexpressing GFI1 and suggest that GFI1’s activity may be a therapeutic target in these malignancies. The transcription factor GFI1 mediates the DNA damage response (DDR) of T cells through a yet unknown mechanism. Here the authors show that GFI1 can adopt non-transcriptional roles during DDR, enabling PRMT1 to bind and methylate the DNA repair proteins MRE11 and 53BP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Vadnais
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, IRCM, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Riyan Chen
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, IRCM, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jennifer Fraszczak
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, IRCM, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Zhenbao Yu
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Jonathan Boulais
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, IRCM, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jordan Pinder
- Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Daria Frank
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Josée Hébert
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, QC, Canada.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, H1T 2M4, QC, Canada.,Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, H1T 2M4, QC, Canada
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, IRCM, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve Rosemont, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Stéphane Richard
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Deparment of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, H4A 3J1, QC, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Alexandre Orthwein
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Elliot Drobetsky
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve Rosemont, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, IRCM, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada. .,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada. .,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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33
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Maiques-Diaz A, Spencer GJ, Lynch JT, Ciceri F, Williams EL, Amaral FMR, Wiseman DH, Harris WJ, Li Y, Sahoo S, Hitchin JR, Mould DP, Fairweather EE, Waszkowycz B, Jordan AM, Smith DL, Somervaille TCP. Enhancer Activation by Pharmacologic Displacement of LSD1 from GFI1 Induces Differentiation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cell Rep 2018; 22:3641-3659. [PMID: 29590629 PMCID: PMC5896174 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologic inhibition of LSD1 promotes blast cell differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with MLL translocations. The assumption has been that differentiation is induced through blockade of LSD1's histone demethylase activity. However, we observed that rapid, extensive, drug-induced changes in transcription occurred without genome-wide accumulation of the histone modifications targeted for demethylation by LSD1 at sites of LSD1 binding and that a demethylase-defective mutant rescued LSD1 knockdown AML cells as efficiently as wild-type protein. Rather, LSD1 inhibitors disrupt the interaction of LSD1 and RCOR1 with the SNAG-domain transcription repressor GFI1, which is bound to a discrete set of enhancers located close to transcription factor genes that regulate myeloid differentiation. Physical separation of LSD1/RCOR1 from GFI1 is required for drug-induced differentiation. The consequent inactivation of GFI1 leads to increased enhancer histone acetylation within hours, which directly correlates with the upregulation of nearby subordinate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Maiques-Diaz
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Gary J Spencer
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - James T Lynch
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Filippo Ciceri
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Emma L Williams
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Fabio M R Amaral
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Daniel H Wiseman
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - William J Harris
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Yaoyong Li
- Computational Biology Support, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Sudhakar Sahoo
- Computational Biology Support, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - James R Hitchin
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Daniel P Mould
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Emma E Fairweather
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Bohdan Waszkowycz
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Allan M Jordan
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Duncan L Smith
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Facility, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Tim C P Somervaille
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Building, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK.
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34
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Hönes JM, Thivakaran A, Botezatu L, Patnana P, Castro SVDC, Al-Matary YS, Schütte J, Fischer KBI, Vassen L, Görgens A, Dührsen U, Giebel B, Khandanpour C. Enforced GFI1 expression impedes human and murine leukemic cell growth. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15720. [PMID: 29147018 PMCID: PMC5691148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of haematopoietic cells is regulated by a plethora of so-called transcription factors (TFs). Mutations in genes encoding TFs or graded reduction in their expression levels can induce the development of various malignant diseases such as acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Growth Factor Independence 1 (GFI1) is a transcriptional repressor with key roles in haematopoiesis, including regulating self-renewal of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as well as myeloid and lymphoid differentiation. Analysis of AML patients and different AML mouse models with reduced GFI1 gene expression levels revealed a direct link between low GFI1 protein level and accelerated AML development and inferior prognosis. Here, we report that upregulated expression of GFI1 in several widely used leukemic cell lines inhibits their growth and decreases the ability to generate colonies in vitro. Similarly, elevated expression of GFI1 impedes the in vitro expansion of murine pre-leukemic cells. Using a humanized AML model, we demonstrate that upregulation of GFI1 expression leads to myeloid differentiation morphologically and immunophenotypically, increased level of apoptosis and reduction in number of cKit+ cells. These results suggest that increasing GFI1 level in leukemic cells with low GFI1 expression level could be a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Hönes
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Aniththa Thivakaran
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lacramioara Botezatu
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Pradeep Patnana
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Symone Vitoriano da Conceição Castro
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Yahya S Al-Matary
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Judith Schütte
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karen B I Fischer
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lothar Vassen
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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35
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Kawauchi D, Ogg RJ, Liu L, Shih DJH, Finkelstein D, Murphy BL, Rehg JE, Korshunov A, Calabrese C, Zindy F, Phoenix T, Kawaguchi Y, Gronych J, Gilbertson RJ, Lichter P, Gajjar A, Kool M, Northcott PA, Pfister SM, Roussel MF. Novel MYC-driven medulloblastoma models from multiple embryonic cerebellar cells. Oncogene 2017; 36:5231-5242. [PMID: 28504719 PMCID: PMC5605674 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Group3 medulloblastoma (MBG3) that predominantly occur in young children are usually associated with MYC amplification and/or overexpression, frequent metastasis and a dismal prognosis. Physiologically relevant MBG3 models are currently lacking, making inferences related to their cellular origin thus far limited. Using in utero electroporation, we here report that MBG3 mouse models can be developed in situ from different multipotent embryonic cerebellar progenitor cells via conditional expression of Myc and loss of Trp53 function in several Cre driver mouse lines. The Blbp-Cre driver that targets embryonic neural progenitors induced tumors exhibiting a large-cell/anaplastic histopathology adjacent to the fourth ventricle, recapitulating human MBG3. Enforced co-expression of luciferase together with Myc and a dominant-negative form of Trp53 revealed that GABAergic neuronal progenitors as well as cerebellar granule cells give rise to MBG3 with their distinct growth kinetics. Cross-species gene expression analysis revealed that these novel MBG3 models shared molecular characteristics with human MBG3, irrespective of their cellular origin. We here developed MBG3 mouse models in their physiological environment and we show that oncogenic insults drive this MB subgroup in different cerebellar lineages rather than in a specific cell of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kawauchi
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, TN, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R J Ogg
- Department of Radiological Sciences, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - L Liu
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - D J H Shih
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - B L Murphy
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J E Rehg
- Department of Veterinary Pathology Core, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - A Korshunov
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Calabrese
- Department of Small Animal Imaging Core, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - F Zindy
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - T Phoenix
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Y Kawaguchi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - J Gronych
- Department of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R J Gilbertson
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - P Lichter
- Department of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Gajjar
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - M Kool
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P A Northcott
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (SJCRH), Memphis, TN, USA
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36
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Prognostic significance of high GFI1 expression in AML of normal karyotype and its association with a FLT3-ITD signature. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11148. [PMID: 28894287 PMCID: PMC5593973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth Factor Independence 1 (GFI1) is a transcriptional repressor that plays a critical role during both myeloid and lymphoid haematopoietic lineage commitment. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of GFI1 in haematological malignancies and have suggested that low expression of GFI1 is a negative indicator of disease progression for both myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). In this study, we have stratified AML patients into those defined as having a normal karyotype (CN-AML). Unlike the overall pattern in AML, those patients with CN-AML have a poorer survival rate when GFI1 expression is high. In this group, high GFI1 expression is paralleled by higher FLT3 expression, and, even when the FLT3 gene is not mutated, exhibit a FLT3-ITD signature of gene expression. Knock-down of GFI1 expression in the human AML Fujioka cell line led to a decrease in the level of FLT3 RNA and protein and to the down regulation of FLT3-ITD signature genes, thus linking two major prognostic indicators for AML.
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37
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Genomic rearrangements in sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis: an evolving genetic story. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:1223-1233. [PMID: 28643793 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a progressive pulmonary cystic disease resulting from the infiltration of smooth muscle-like lymphangioleiomyomatosis cells into the lung. The migratory/metastasizing properties of the lymphangioleiomyomatosis cell together with the presence of somatic mutations, primarily in the tuberous sclerosis complex gene (TSC2), lead many to consider this a low-grade malignancy. As malignant tumors characteristically accumulate somatic structural variations, which have not been well studied in sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis, we utilized mate pair sequencing to define structural variations within laser capture microdissected enriched lymphangioleiomyomatosis cell populations from five sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis patients. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis cells were confirmed in each tissue by hematoxylin eosin stain review and by HMB-45 immunohistochemistry in four cases. A mutation panel demonstrated characteristic TSC2 driver mutations in three cases. Genomic profiles demonstrated normal diploid coverage across all chromosomes, with no aneuploidy or detectable gains/losses of whole chromosomal arms typical of neoplastic diseases. However, somatic rearrangements and smaller deletions were validated in the two cases which lacked TSC2 driver mutations. Most significantly, one of these sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis cases contained two different size deletions encompassing the entire TSC1 locus. The detection of a homozygous deletion of TSC1 driving a predicted case of sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis, consistent with the common two-hit TSC2 mutation model, has never been reported for sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis. However, while no evidence of the hereditary tuberous sclerosis complex disease was reported for this patient, the potential for mosaicism and sub-clinical phenotype cannot be ruled out. Nevertheless, this study demonstrates that somatic structural rearrangements are present in lymphangioleiomyomatosis disease and provides a novel method of genomic characterization of sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis cells, aiding in defining cases with no detected mutations by conventional methodologies. These structural rearrangements could represent additional pathogenic mechanisms in sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis disease, potentially affecting response to therapy and adding to the complex genetic story of this rare disease.
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38
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Ding J, Fishel ML, Reed AM, McAdams E, Czader MB, Cardoso AA, Kelley MR. Ref-1/APE1 as a Transcriptional Regulator and Novel Therapeutic Target in Pediatric T-cell Leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1401-1411. [PMID: 28446640 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The increasing characterization of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has led to the identification of multiple molecular targets but has yet to translate into more effective targeted therapies, particularly for high-risk, relapsed T-cell ALL. Searching for master regulators controlling multiple signaling pathways in T-ALL, we investigated the multifunctional protein redox factor-1 (Ref-1/APE1), which acts as a signaling "node" by exerting redox regulatory control of transcription factors important in leukemia. Leukemia patients' transcriptome databases showed increased expression in T-ALL of Ref-1 and other genes of the Ref-1/SET interactome. Validation studies demonstrated that Ref-1 is expressed in high-risk leukemia T cells, including in patient biopsies. Ref-1 redox function is active in leukemia T cells, regulating the Ref-1 target NF-κB, and inhibited by the redox-selective Ref-1 inhibitor E3330. Ref-1 expression is not regulated by Notch signaling, but is upregulated by glucocorticoid treatment. E3330 disrupted Ref-1 redox activity in functional studies and resulted in marked inhibition of leukemia cell viability, including T-ALL lines representing different genotypes and risk groups. Potent leukemia cell inhibition was seen in primary cells from ALL patients, relapsed and glucocorticoid-resistant T-ALL cells, and cells from a murine model of Notch-induced leukemia. Ref-1 redox inhibition triggered leukemia cell apoptosis and downregulation of survival genes regulated by Ref-1 targets. For the first time, this work identifies Ref-1 as a novel molecular effector in T-ALL and demonstrates that Ref-1 redox inhibition results in potent inhibition of leukemia T cells, including relapsed T-ALL. These data also support E3330 as a specific Ref-1 small-molecule inhibitor for leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(7); 1401-11. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Melissa L Fishel
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - April M Reed
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Erin McAdams
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Magdalena B Czader
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Angelo A Cardoso
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mark R Kelley
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. .,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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39
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Liu KW, Pajtler KW, Worst BC, Pfister SM, Wechsler-Reya RJ. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets in pediatric brain tumors. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/470/eaaf7593. [PMID: 28292958 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf7593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumors are among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in children. Although surgery, aggressive radiation, and chemotherapy have improved outcomes, many patients still die of their disease. Moreover, those who survive often suffer devastating long-term side effects from the therapies. A greater understanding of the molecular underpinnings of these diseases will drive the development of new therapeutic approaches. Advances in genomics and epigenomics have provided unprecedented insight into the molecular diversity of these diseases and, in several cases, have revealed key genes and signaling pathways that drive tumor growth. These not only serve as potential therapeutic targets but also have facilitated the creation of animal models that faithfully recapitulate the human disease for preclinical studies. In this Review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the molecular basis of the three most common malignant pediatric brain tumors-medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and high-grade glioma-and the implications for development of safer and more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Wei Liu
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kristian W Pajtler
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Centre (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara C Worst
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Centre (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Centre (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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40
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The role of the transcriptional repressor growth factor independent 1 in the formation of myeloid cells. Curr Opin Hematol 2017; 24:32-37. [DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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41
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Enciso J, Mayani H, Mendoza L, Pelayo R. Modeling the Pro-inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Predicts a Breakdown of Hematopoietic-Mesenchymal Communication Networks. Front Physiol 2016; 7:349. [PMID: 27594840 PMCID: PMC4990565 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lineage fate decisions of hematopoietic cells depend on intrinsic factors and extrinsic signals provided by the bone marrow microenvironment, where they reside. Abnormalities in composition and function of hematopoietic niches have been proposed as key contributors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) progression. Our previous experimental findings strongly suggest that pro-inflammatory cues contribute to mesenchymal niche abnormalities that result in maintenance of ALL precursor cells at the expense of normal hematopoiesis. Here, we propose a molecular regulatory network interconnecting the major communication pathways between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) within the BM. Dynamical analysis of the network as a Boolean model reveals two stationary states that can be interpreted as the intercellular contact status. Furthermore, simulations describe the molecular patterns observed during experimental proliferation and activation. Importantly, our model predicts instability in the CXCR4/CXCL12 and VLA4/VCAM1 interactions following microenvironmental perturbation due by temporal signaling from Toll like receptors (TLRs) ligation. Therefore, aberrant expression of NF-κB induced by intrinsic or extrinsic factors may contribute to create a tumor microenvironment where a negative feedback loop inhibiting CXCR4/CXCL12 and VLA4/VCAM1 cellular communication axes allows for the maintenance of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Enciso
- Oncology Research Unit, Mexican Institute for Social SecurityMexico City, Mexico; Biochemistry Sciences Program, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MexicoMexico City, Mexico
| | - Hector Mayani
- Oncology Research Unit, Mexican Institute for Social Security Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Mendoza
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Oncology Research Unit, Mexican Institute for Social Security Mexico City, Mexico
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42
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GFI1 functions in transcriptional control and cell fate determination require SNAG domain methylation to recruit LSD1. Biochem J 2016; 473:3355-69. [PMID: 27480105 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Proper hematopoietic cell fate decisions require co-ordinated functions of transcription factors, their associated co-regulators, and histone-modifying enzymes. Growth factor independence 1 (GFI1) is a zinc finger transcriptional repressor and master regulator of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. While several GFI1-interacting proteins have been described, how GFI1 leverages these relationships to carry out transcriptional repression remains unclear. Here, we describe a functional axis involving GFI1, SMYD2, and LSD1 that is a critical contributor to GFI1-mediated transcriptional repression. SMYD2 methylates lysine-8 (K8) within a -(8)KSKK(11)- motif embedded in the GFI1 SNAG domain. Methylation-defective GFI1 SNAG domain lacks repressor function due to failure of LSD1 recruitment and persistence of promoter H3K4 di-methyl marks. Methylation-defective GFI1 also fails to complement GFI1 depletion phenotypes in developing zebrafish and lacks pro-growth and survival functions in lymphoid leukemia cells. Our data show a discrete methylation event in the GFI1 SNAG domain that facilitates recruitment of LSD1 to enable transcriptional repression and co-ordinate control of hematopoietic cell fate in both normal and malignant settings.
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43
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Kim JH, Baddoo MC, Park EY, Stone JK, Park H, Butler TW, Huang G, Yan X, Pauli-Behn F, Myers RM, Tan M, Flemington EK, Lim ST, Ahn EYE. SON and Its Alternatively Spliced Isoforms Control MLL Complex-Mediated H3K4me3 and Transcription of Leukemia-Associated Genes. Mol Cell 2016; 61:859-73. [PMID: 26990989 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of MLL complex-mediated histone methylation plays a pivotal role in gene expression associated with diseases, but little is known about cellular factors modulating MLL complex activity. Here, we report that SON, previously known as an RNA splicing factor, controls MLL complex-mediated transcriptional initiation. SON binds to DNA near transcription start sites, interacts with menin, and inhibits MLL complex assembly, resulting in decreased H3K4me3 and transcriptional repression. Importantly, alternatively spliced short isoforms of SON are markedly upregulated in acute myeloid leukemia. The short isoforms compete with full-length SON for chromatin occupancy but lack the menin-binding ability, thereby antagonizing full-length SON function in transcriptional repression while not impairing full-length SON-mediated RNA splicing. Furthermore, overexpression of a short isoform of SON enhances replating potential of hematopoietic progenitors. Our findings define SON as a fine-tuner of the MLL-menin interaction and reveal short SON overexpression as a marker indicating aberrant transcriptional initiation in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Kim
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Melody C Baddoo
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Eun Young Park
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Joshua K Stone
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Hyeonsoo Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Thomas W Butler
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Gang Huang
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Ming Tan
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | | | - Ssang-Taek Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Eun-Young Erin Ahn
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
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Fraszczak J, Helness A, Chen R, Vadnais C, Robert F, Khandanpour C, Möröy T. Threshold Levels of Gfi1 Maintain E2A Activity for B Cell Commitment via Repression of Id1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160344. [PMID: 27467586 PMCID: PMC4965025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A regulatory circuit that controls myeloid versus B lymphoid cell fate in hematopoietic progenitors has been proposed, in which a network of the transcription factors Egr1/2, Nab, Gfi1 and PU.1 forms the core element. Here we show that a direct link between Gfi1, the transcription factor E2A and its inhibitor Id1 is a critical element of this regulatory circuit. Our data suggest that a certain threshold of Gfi1 is required to gauge E2A activity by adjusting levels of Id1 in multipotent progenitors, which are the first bipotential myeloid/lymphoid-restricted progeny of hematopoietic stem cells. If Gfi1 levels are high, Id1 is repressed enabling E2A to activate a specific set of B lineage genes by binding to regulatory elements for example the IL7 receptor gene. If Gfi1 levels fall below a threshold, Id1 expression increases and renders E2A unable to function, which prevents hematopoietic progenitors from engaging along the B lymphoid lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Fraszczak
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne Helness
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Riyan Chen
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles Vadnais
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - François Robert
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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45
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Yasuoka T, Kuwahara M, Yamada T, Maruyama S, Suzuki J, Taniguchi M, Yasukawa M, Yamashita M. The Transcriptional Repressor Gfi1 Plays a Critical Role in the Development of NKT1- and NKT2-Type iNKT Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157395. [PMID: 27284976 PMCID: PMC4902269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gfi1 plays an important role in the development and maintenance of many hematopoietic linage cells. However, the impact of Gfi1-deficiency on the iNKT cell differentiation remains unclear. We herein demonstrate a critical role of Gfi1 in regulating the development of iNKT cell subsets. In the thymus of T cell-specific Gfi1-deficient mice, iNKT cells normally developed up to stage 2, while the number of stage 3 NK1.1pos iNKT cells was significantly reduced. Furthermore, CD4pos iNKT cells were selectively reduced in the peripheral organs of T cell-specific Gfi1-deficient mice. The α-GalCer-dependent production of IFN-γand Th2 cytokines, but not IL-17A, was severely reduced in T cell-specific Gfi1-deficient mice. In addition, a reduction of the α-GalCer-induced anti-tumor activity was observed in Gfi1-deficient mice. These findings demonstrate the important role of Gfi1 in regulating the development and function of NKT1- and NKT2-type iNKT cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Yasuoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuwahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Division of Immune Regulation, Department of Proteo-Inovation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Infection and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Saho Maruyama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Junpei Suzuki
- Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masaru Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaki Yasukawa
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Yamashita
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Division of Immune Regulation, Department of Proteo-Inovation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Botezatu L, Michel LC, Helness A, Vadnais C, Makishima H, Hönes JM, Robert F, Vassen L, Thivakaran A, Al-Matary Y, Lams RF, Schütte J, Giebel B, Görgens A, Heuser M, Medyouf H, Maciejewski J, Dührsen U, Möröy T, Khandanpour C. Epigenetic therapy as a novel approach for GFI136N-associated murine/human AML. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:713-726.e14. [PMID: 27216773 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic changes can contribute to development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a malignant disease of the bone marrow. A single-nucleotide polymorphism of transcription factor growth factor independence 1 (GFI1) generates a protein with an asparagine at position 36 (GFI1(36N)) instead of a serine at position 36 (GFI1(36S)), which is associated with de novo AML in humans. However, how GFI1(36N) predisposes to AML is poorly understood. To explore the mechanism, we used knock-in mouse strains expressing GFI1(36N) or GFI1(36S). Presence of GFI1(36N) shortened the latency and increased the incidence of AML in different murine models of myelodysplastic syndrome/AML. On a molecular level, GFI1(36N) induced genomewide epigenetic changes, leading to expression of AML-associated genes. On a therapeutic level, use of histone acetyltransferase inhibitors specifically impeded growth of GFI1(36N)-expressing human and murine AML cells in vitro and in vivo. These results establish, as a proof of principle, how epigenetic changes in GFI1(36N)-induced AML can be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacramioara Botezatu
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars C Michel
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anne Helness
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Charles Vadnais
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hideki Makishima
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Judith M Hönes
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - François Robert
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lothar Vassen
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Aniththa Thivakaran
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yahya Al-Matary
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert F Lams
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Judith Schütte
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hind Medyouf
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jaroslaw Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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47
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GFI1 as a novel prognostic and therapeutic factor for AML/MDS. Leukemia 2016; 30:1237-45. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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48
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From cytopenia to leukemia: the role of Gfi1 and Gfi1b in blood formation. Blood 2015; 126:2561-9. [PMID: 26447191 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-06-655043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA-binding zinc finger transcription factors Gfi1 and Gfi1b were discovered more than 20 years ago and are recognized today as major regulators of both early hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cells. Both proteins function as transcriptional repressors by recruiting histone-modifying enzymes to promoters and enhancers of target genes. The establishment of Gfi1 and Gfi1b reporter mice made it possible to visualize their cell type-specific expression and to understand their function in hematopoietic lineages. We now know that Gfi1 is primarily important in myeloid and lymphoid differentiation, whereas Gfi1b is crucial for the generation of red blood cells and platelets. Several rare hematologic diseases are associated with acquired or inheritable mutations in the GFI1 and GFI1B genes. Certain patients with severe congenital neutropenia carry mutations in the GFI1 gene that lead to the disruption of the C-terminal zinc finger domains. Other mutations have been found in the GFI1B gene in families with inherited bleeding disorders. In addition, the Gfi1 locus is frequently found to be a proviral integration site in retrovirus-induced lymphomagenesis, and new, emerging data suggest a role of Gfi1 in human leukemia and lymphoma, underlining the role of both factors not only in normal hematopoiesis, but also in a wide spectrum of human blood diseases.
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49
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Effect of 90Sr internal emitter on gene expression in mouse blood. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:586. [PMID: 26251171 PMCID: PMC4528784 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The radioactive isotope Strontium-90 (90Sr) may be released as a component of fallout from nuclear accidents, or in the event of a radiological incident such as detonation of an improvised nuclear device, and if ingested poses a significant health risk to exposed individuals. In order to better understand the response to 90Sr, using an easily attainable and standard biodosimetry sample fluid, we analyzed the global transcriptomic response of blood cells in an in vivo model system. Results We injected C57BL/6 mice with a solution of 90SrCl2 and followed them over a 30-day period. At days 4, 7, 9, 25 and 30, we collected blood and isolated RNA for microarray analyses. These days corresponded to target doses in a range from 1–5 Gy. We investigated changes in mRNA levels using microarrays, and changes in specific microRNA (miRNA) predicted to be involved in the response using qRT-PCR. We identified 8082 differentially expressed genes in the blood of mice exposed to 90Sr compared with controls. Common biological functions were affected throughout the study, including apoptosis of B and T lymphocytes, and atrophy of lymphoid organs. Cellular functions such as RNA degradation and lipid metabolism were also affected during the study. The broad down regulation of genes observed in our study suggested a potential role for miRNA in gene regulation. We tested candidate miRNAs, mmu-miR-16, mmu-miR-124, mmu-miR-125 and mmu-mir-21; and found that all were induced at the earliest time point, day 4. Conclusions Our study is the first to report the transcriptomic response of blood cells to the internal emitter 90Sr in mouse and a possible role for microRNA in gene regulation after 90Sr exposure. The most dramatic effect was observed on gene expression related to B-cell development and RNA maintenance. These functions were affected by genes that were down regulated throughout the study, suggesting severely compromised antigen response, which may be a result of the deposition of the radioisotope proximal to the hematopoietic compartment in bone. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1774-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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50
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Kuntimaddi A, Achille NJ, Thorpe J, Lokken AA, Singh R, Hemenway CS, Adli M, Zeleznik-Le NJ, Bushweller JH. Degree of recruitment of DOT1L to MLL-AF9 defines level of H3K79 Di- and tri-methylation on target genes and transformation potential. Cell Rep 2015; 11:808-20. [PMID: 25921540 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The MLL gene is a common target of chromosomal translocations found in human leukemia. MLL-fusion leukemia has a consistently poor outcome. One of the most common translocation partners is AF9 (MLLT3). MLL-AF9 recruits DOT1L, a histone 3 lysine 79 methyltransferase (H3K79me1/me2/me3), leading to aberrant gene transcription. We show that DOT1L has three AF9 binding sites and present the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) solution structure of a DOT1L-AF9 complex. We generate structure-guided point mutations and find that they have graded effects on recruitment of DOT1L to MLL-AF9. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses of H3K79me2 and H3K79me3 show that graded reduction of the DOT1L interaction with MLL-AF9 results in differential loss of H3K79me2 and me3 at MLL-AF9 target genes. Furthermore, the degree of DOT1L recruitment is linked to the level of MLL-AF9 hematopoietic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravinda Kuntimaddi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nicholas J Achille
- Oncology Institute, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Jeremy Thorpe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Alyson A Lokken
- Oncology Institute, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Ritambhara Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Charles S Hemenway
- Oncology Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Mazhar Adli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nancy J Zeleznik-Le
- Oncology Institute, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - John H Bushweller
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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