1
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D'Arpino AA, Wolczanski PT, MacMillan SN, Cundari TR, Krumov MR. Reduction of (pddi)Cr reveals redox noninnocence via C-C bond formation amidst competing electrophilicity: [(cpta)CrMe n] - ( n = 0, 1) and [(pta)Cr] . Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6785-6788. [PMID: 38868936 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01690d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Reversible cyclopropane formation is probed as a means of redox noninnocence in diimine/diamide chelates via reduction and complex anion formation. Competition from imine attack renders complications in the latter approach, and electrochemical measurements with calculational support provide the rationale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A D'Arpino
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Peter T Wolczanski
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Thomas R Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, CasCam, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Mihail R Krumov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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2
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Zafar M, Subramaniyan V, Tibika F, Tulchinsky Y. Cationic ligands - from monodentate to pincer systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38920056 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01489h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
For a long time, the small group of cationic ligands stood out as obscure systems within the general landscape of coordinative chemistry. However, this situation has started to change rapidly during the last decade, with more and more examples of metal-coordinated cationic species being reported. The growing interest in these systems is not only of purely academic nature, but also driven by accumulating evidence of their high catalytic utility. Overcoming the inherently poor coordinating ability of cationic species often required additional structural stabilization. In numerous cases this was realized by functionalizing them with a pair of chelating side-arms, effectively constructing a pincer-type scaffold. This comprehensive review aims to encompass all cationic ligands possessing such pincer architecture reported to date. Herein every cationic species that has ever been embedded in a pincer framework is described in terms of its electronic structure, followed by an in-depth discussion of its donor/acceptor properties, based on computational studies (DFT) and available experimental data (IR, NMR or CV). We then elaborate on how the positive charge of these ligands affects the spectroscopic and redox properties, as well as the reactivity, of their complexes, compared to those of the structurally related neutral ligands. Among other systems discussed, this review also surveys our own contribution to this field, namely, the introduction of sulfonium-based pincer ligands and their complexes, recently reported by our group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zafar
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| | | | - Françoise Tibika
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| | - Yuri Tulchinsky
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
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3
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Goswami B, Khatua M, Devi A, Hans S, Chatterjee R, Samanta S. Ligand redox controlled amine dehydrogenation and imine hemilability in singlet diradical azo-aromatic Ni(II) complexes: characterization of the electron transfer series of azo-imine complexes of Ni(II). Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10250-10260. [PMID: 38829194 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03414c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Herein, using azo-amine (H2L) and azo-imine (L1-3) ligands, singlet diradical Ni(II) complexes [1] and [2] were synthesized from Ni(0)(COD)2 in THF. In separate reactions, homoleptic NiII complexes, [3a]2+-[3c]2+, were synthesized from [NiII(H2O)6](ClO4)2 and L1-3, respectively. All these complexes were characterized thoroughly. The X-ray structures of [1] and [2] showed that the amine side arm in [1] and the imine side arm in [2] are de-coordinated. The dN-N lengths in these two complexes were found to be ∼1.32 Å, which corresponds to the one-electron reduced azo-bond length. These complexes, [1] and [2], showed 1H NMR signals characteristic of diamagnetic compounds. These studies, along with DFT calculations, indicated that the unpaired spins on ligands coupled antiferromagnetically with the two unpaired spins on NiII to result in s = 0 ground states. Complex [1] showed ligand-based redox-induced dehydrogenation of the distal amine side arm to result in L1. Complexes [3a]2+-[3c]2+ have dN-N lengths of ∼1.27 Å and dC-N lengths of ∼1.28 Å. In cyclic voltammetry, complex [3a]2+ showed four well-resolved reversible reductive waves at 0.5 V to -1.6 V in dichloromethane. The first two waves became irreversible when they were measured in acetonitrile solution. The electron transfer series of [3a]2+ was further characterized by spectro-electrochemistry, EPR, and DFT calculations. These showed that all the reductions were associated with the ligand. It was further probed by redox events in complexes [3b]2+ and [3c]2+. While the electron donor -OMe group on the phenyl ring of the azo moiety in [3b]2+ showed a prominent cathodic shift of the potentials, the -F substitution on the phenyl group on the imine side arm of [3c]2+ has almost no effect. It has to be noted here that the oxidation of [2] by two electrons returns it back to complex [3a]2+. Reduction of [3a]2+ by two electrons also resulted in complex [2], indicating reversible ligand redox-induced hemilability of the imine moiety between [3a]2+ and [2]. Moreover, characterization of the electron transfer series of [3a]2+ and [2] has shown superior redox non-innocent behaviour and coordination ability of the azo-pyridine moiety in nickel(II) complexes over the imino-pyridine moiety of the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bappaditya Goswami
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Manas Khatua
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Ambika Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181221, India.
| | - Shivali Hans
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181221, India.
| | - Robindo Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181221, India.
| | - Subhas Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181221, India.
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4
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Parsons LW, Berben LA. Expanding the Scope of Aluminum Chemistry with Noninnocent Ligands. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1087-1097. [PMID: 38581655 PMCID: PMC11025028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusAluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust at 8%, and it is also widely available domestically in many countries worldwide, which ensures a stable supply chain. To further the applications of aluminum (Al), such as in catalysis and electronic and energy storage materials, there has been significant interest in the synthesis and characterization of new Al coordination compounds that can support electron transfer (ET) and proton transfer (PT) chemistry. This has been achieved using redox and chemically noninnocent ligands (NILs) combined with the highly stable M(III) oxidation state of Al and in some cases the heavier group 13 ions, Ga and In.When ligands participate in redox chemistry or facilitate the breaking or making of new bonds, they are often termed redox or chemically noninnocent, respectively. Al(III) in particular supports rich ligand-based redox chemistry because it is so redox inert and will support the ligand across many charge and protonation states without entering into the reaction chemistry. To a lesser extent, we have reported on the heavier group 13 elements Ga and In, and this chemistry will also be included in this Account, where available.This Account is arranged into two technical sections, which are (1) Structures of Al-NIL complexes and (2) Reactivity of Al-NIL complexes. Highlights of the research work include reversible redox chemistry that has been enabled by ligand design to shut down radical coupling pathways and to prevent loss of H2 from unsaturated ligand sites. These reversible redox properties have in turn enabled the characterization of Class III electron delocalization through Al when two NIL are bound to the Al(III) in different charge states. Characterization of the metalloaromatic character of square planar Al and Ga complexes has been achieved, and characterization of the delocalized electronic structures has provided a model within which to understand and predict the ET and PT chemistry of the NIL group 13 compounds. The capacity of Al-NIL complexes to perform ET and PT has been employed in reactions that use ET or PT reactivity only or in reactions where coupled ET/PT affords hydride transfer chemistry. As an example, ligand-based PT reactions initiate metal-ligand cooperative bond activation pathways for catalysis: this includes acceptorless dehydrogenation of formic acid and anilines and transfer hydrogenation chemistry. In a complementary approach, ligand based ET/PT chemistry has been used in the study of dihydropyridinate (DHP-) chemistry where it was shown that N-coordination of group 13 ions lowers kinetic barriers to DHP- formation. Taken together, the discussion presented herein illustrates that the NIL chemistry of Al(III), and also of Ga(III) and In(III) holds promise for further developments in catalysis and energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo W.
T. Parsons
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Louise A. Berben
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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5
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Porte V, Milunovic MNM, Knof U, Leischner T, Danzl T, Kaiser D, Gruene T, Zalibera M, Jelemenska I, Bucinsky L, Jannuzzi SAV, DeBeer S, Novitchi G, Maulide N, Arion VB. Chemical and Redox Noninnocence of Pentane-2,4-dione Bis( S-methylisothiosemicarbazone) in Cobalt Complexes and Their Application in Wacker-Type Oxidation. JACS AU 2024; 4:1166-1183. [PMID: 38559722 PMCID: PMC10976605 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cobalt complexes with multiproton- and multielectron-responsive ligands are of interest for challenging catalytic transformations. The chemical and redox noninnocence of pentane-2,4-dione bis(S-methylisothiosemicarbazone) (PBIT) in a series of cobalt complexes has been studied by a range of methods, including spectroscopy [UV-vis, NMR, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS)], cyclic voltammetry, X-ray diffraction, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Two complexes [CoIII(H2LSMe)I]I and [CoIII(LSMe)I2] were found to act as precatalysts in a Wacker-type oxidation of olefins using phenylsilane, the role of which was elucidated through isotopic labeling. Insights into the mechanism of the catalytic transformation as well as the substrate scope of this selective reaction are described, and the essential role of phenylsilane and the noninnocence of PBIT are disclosed. Among the several relevant species characterized was an unprecedented Co(III) complex with a dianionic diradical PBIT ligand ([CoIII(LSMe••)I]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Porte
- University
of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Miljan N. M. Milunovic
- University
of Vienna, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Knof
- Novartis
Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Leischner
- University
of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Danzl
- University
of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Kaiser
- University
of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Gruene
- University
of Vienna, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michal Zalibera
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and
Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology
in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ingrid Jelemenska
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and
Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology
in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lukas Bucinsky
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and
Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology
in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Sergio A. V. Jannuzzi
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Nuno Maulide
- University
of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir B. Arion
- University
of Vienna, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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6
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Landaeta VR, Horsley Downie TM, Wolf R. Low-Valent Transition Metalate Anions in Synthesis, Small Molecule Activation, and Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1323-1463. [PMID: 38354371 PMCID: PMC10906008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This review surveys the synthesis and reactivity of low-oxidation state metalate anions of the d-block elements, with an emphasis on contributions reported between 2006 and 2022. Although the field has a long and rich history, the chemistry of transition metalate anions has been greatly enhanced in the last 15 years by the application of advanced concepts in complex synthesis and ligand design. In recent years, the potential of highly reactive metalate complexes in the fields of small molecule activation and homogeneous catalysis has become increasingly evident. Consequently, exciting applications in small molecule activation have been developed, including in catalytic transformations. This article intends to guide the reader through the fascinating world of low-valent transition metalates. The first part of the review describes the synthesis and reactivity of d-block metalates stabilized by an assortment of ligand frameworks, including carbonyls, isocyanides, alkenes and polyarenes, phosphines and phosphorus heterocycles, amides, and redox-active nitrogen-based ligands. Thereby, the reader will be familiarized with the impact of different ligand types on the physical and chemical properties of metalates. In addition, ion-pairing interactions and metal-metal bonding may have a dramatic influence on metalate structures and reactivities. The complex ramifications of these effects are examined in a separate section. The second part of the review is devoted to the reactivity of the metalates toward small inorganic molecules such as H2, N2, CO, CO2, P4 and related species. It is shown that the use of highly electron-rich and reactive metalates in small molecule activation translates into impressive catalytic properties in the hydrogenation of organic molecules and the reduction of N2, CO, and CO2. The results discussed in this review illustrate that the potential of transition metalate anions is increasingly being tapped for challenging catalytic processes with relevance to organic synthesis and energy conversion. Therefore, it is hoped that this review will serve as a useful resource to inspire further developments in this dynamic research field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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7
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Epping RF, de Zwart FJ, van Leest NP, van der Vlugt JI, Siegler MA, Mathew S, Reek JNH, de Bruin B. PhenTAA: A Redox-Active N 4-Macrocyclic Ligand Featuring Donor and Acceptor Moieties. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1974-1987. [PMID: 38215498 PMCID: PMC10828995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Here, we present the development and characterization of the novel PhenTAA macrocycle as well as a series of [Ni(R2PhenTAA)]n complexes featuring two sites for ligand-centered redox-activity. These differ in the substituent R (R = H, Me, or Ph) and overall charge of the complex n (n = -2, -1, 0, +1, or +2). Electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques (CV, UV/vis-SEC, X-band EPR) reveal that all redox events of the [Ni(R2PhenTAA)] complexes are ligand-based, with accessible ligand charges of -2, -1, 0, +1, and +2. The o-phenylenediamide (OPD) group functions as the electron donor, while the imine moieties act as electron acceptors. The flanking o-aminobenzaldimine groups delocalize spin density in both the oxidized and reduced ligand states. The reduced complexes have different stabilities depending on the substituent R. For R = H, dimerization occurs upon reduction, whereas for R = Me/Ph, the reduced imine groups are stabilized. This also gives electrochemical access to a [Ni(R2PhenTAA)]2- species. DFT and TD-DFT calculations corroborate these findings and further illustrate the unique donor-acceptor properties of the respective OPD and imine moieties. The novel [Ni(R2PhenTAA)] complexes exhibit up to five different ligand-based oxidation states and are electrochemically stable in a range from -2.4 to +1.8 V for the Me/Ph complexes (vs Fc/Fc+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel F.
J. Epping
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular Catalysis and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felix J. de Zwart
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular Catalysis and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas P. van Leest
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular Catalysis and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular Catalysis and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime A. Siegler
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Simon Mathew
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular Catalysis and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular Catalysis and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular Catalysis and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Chen F, Zhang K, Yuan Y, Wong WP, Wang G, Li X, Wang L, Li R, Wu Z, Lin J, Xu HS, Loh KP. Ion-Conductive Metallo-Covalent Organic Frameworks Constructed with Tridentate Ligand and Zn Nodes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25341-25351. [PMID: 37956115 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Metallo-covalent organic frameworks (metallo-COFs) are organometallic scaffolds in which covalently bonded organic frameworks are interwoven with metal-coordinated pendant groups. Unlike the rigid ligands traditionally used for metal coordination, the utilization of "soft" ligands allows for configurable topology and pore structure in metallo-COFs, particularly when the ligands are generated in situ during dynamic synthesis. In this study, we present the rational synthesis of metallo-COFs based on pyridine-2,6-diimine (pdi), wherein the incorporation of Zn2+ ions and in situ-generated tridentate ligands (pdi) yields metallo-COFs with a square-like lattice. In the absence of Zn2+ ions, a topological isomer COF with a Kagome lattice is instead produced. Thus, the presence or absence of Zn2+ ions allows us to switch between two distinct morphologies corresponding to metallo-COF or COF. In comparison to Brønsted acid-catalyzed COF, which necessitates postmetallization for loading metal ions, the metal-templated COF synthesis method yields COFs with improved crystallinity and approximately 1:1 [Zn2+]/ligand composition. Building upon the metal-templated COF synthesis approach, we successfully synthesized pdiCOF-Zn-2 and pdiCOF-Zn-3, which possess square-like and honeycomb lattices, respectively. The enhanced crystallinity and near 1:1 [Zn2+]/ligand composition of pdiCOF-Zn-3 (honeycomb) facilitate its application as ion transport channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzheng Chen
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350507, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yijia Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Walter Peide Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Physics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Lu Wang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350507, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Runlai Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhitan Wu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350507, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Junhao Lin
- Department of Physics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hai-Sen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering (IGCME), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350507, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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9
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Chen K, Zhu H, Liu S, Bai J, Guo Y, Ding K, Peng Q, Wang X. Switch in Selectivities by Dinuclear Nickel Catalysis: 1,4-Hydroarylation of 1,3-Dienes to Z-Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37903244 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the most challenging tasks in organic synthesis is to control selectivities, especially switching the well-known selectivity to obtain new isomers that were previously inaccessible. Inspired by biological catalysis involving multiple metal centers, catalysis enabled by binuclear metal complexes offers the potential to induce reactivity and selectivity that might not be available to mononuclear catalysts. Herein, we describe that using a macrocyclic bis pyridyl diimine dinickel complex as the catalyst, the commonly observed 4,3-regioselectivity of hydroarylation of 1,3-dienes is switched to 1,4-hydroarylation with thermodynamically less stable Z-stereoselectivity, offering challenging synthetic target Z-olefins. DFT calculations show that the activation of 1,3-diene proceeds through dinuclear Ni-diolefin coordination, and the synergistic effects of two Ni nuclei enable reactivity and selectivity of this binuclear catalysis substantially different from those of mononuclear nickel complexes in the current reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongdan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiahui Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yinlong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kuiling Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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10
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Rabelo R, Toma L, Moliner N, Julve M, Lloret F, Inclán M, García-España E, Pasán J, Ruiz-García R, Cano J. pH-Switching of the luminescent, redox, and magnetic properties in a spin crossover cobalt(ii) molecular nanomagnet. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8850-8859. [PMID: 37621442 PMCID: PMC10445472 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02777e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of mononuclear first-row transition metal complexes as dynamic molecular systems to perform selective functions under the control of an external stimulus that appropriately tunes their properties may greatly impact several domains of molecular nanoscience and nanotechnology. This study focuses on two mononuclear octahedral cobalt(ii) complexes of formula {[CoII(HL)2][CoII(HL)L]}(ClO4)3·9H2O (1) and [CoIIL2]·5H2O (2) [HL = 4'-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine], isolated as a mixed protonated/hemiprotonated cationic salt or a deprotonated neutral species. This pair of pH isomers constitutes a remarkable example of a dynamic molecular system exhibiting reversible changes in luminescence, redox, and magnetic (spin crossover and spin dynamics) properties as a result of ligand deprotonation, either in solution or solid state. In this last case, the thermal-assisted spin transition coexists with the field-induced magnetisation blockage of "faster" or "slower" relaxing low-spin CoII ions in 1 or 2, respectively. In addition, pH-reversible control of the acid-base equilibrium among dicationic protonated, cationic hemiprotonated, and neutral deprotonated forms in solution enhances luminescence in the UV region. Besides, the reversibility of the one-electron oxidation of the paramagnetic low-spin CoII into the diamagnetic low-spin CoIII ion is partially lost and completely restored by pH decreasing and increasing. The fine-tuning of the optical, redox, and magnetic properties in this novel class of pH-responsive, spin crossover molecular nanomagnets offers fascinating possibilities for advanced multifunctional and multiresponsive magnetic devices for molecular spintronics and quantum computing such as pH-effect spin quantum transformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Rabelo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València 46980 Paterna (València) Spain
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás 74690-900 Goiânia Brazil
| | - Luminita Toma
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València 46980 Paterna (València) Spain
| | - Nicolás Moliner
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València 46980 Paterna (València) Spain
| | - Miguel Julve
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València 46980 Paterna (València) Spain
| | - Francesc Lloret
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València 46980 Paterna (València) Spain
| | - Mario Inclán
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València 46980 Paterna (València) Spain
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Internacional de Valencia - VIU Valencia Spain
| | - Enrique García-España
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València 46980 Paterna (València) Spain
| | - Jorge Pasán
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Materiales para Análisis Químico (MAT4LL), Universidad de La Laguna 38200 Tenerife Spain
| | - Rafael Ruiz-García
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València 46980 Paterna (València) Spain
| | - Joan Cano
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València 46980 Paterna (València) Spain
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11
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Kessler BJO, Mansoor IF, Wozniak DI, Emge TJ, Lipke MC. Controlling Intramolecular and Intermolecular Electronic Coupling of Radical Ligands in a Series of Cobaltoviologen Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:15924-15935. [PMID: 37460450 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Controlling electronic coupling between multiple redox sites is of interest for tuning the electronic properties of molecules and materials. While classic mixed-valence (MV) systems are highly tunable, e.g., via the organic bridges connecting the redox sites, metal-bridged MV systems are difficult to control because the electronics of the metal cannot usually be altered independently of redox-active moieties embedded in its ligands. Herein, this limitation was overcome by varying the donor strengths of ancillary ligands in a series of cobalt complexes without directly perturbing the electronics of viologen-like redox sites bridged by the cobalt ions. The cobaltoviologens [1X-Co]n+ feature four 4-X-pyridyl donor groups (X = CO2Me, Cl, H, Me, OMe, NMe2) that provide gradual electronic tuning of the bridging CoII centers, while a related complex [2-Co]n+ with NHC donors supports exclusively CoIII states even upon reduction of the viologen units. Electrochemistry and IVCT band analysis indicate that the MV states of these complexes have electronic structures ranging from fully localized ([2-Co]4+; Robin-Day Class I) to fully delocalized ([1CO2Me-Co]3+; Class III) descriptions, demonstrating unprecedented control over electronic coupling without changing the identity of the redox sites or bridging metal. Additionally, single-crystal XRD characterization of the homovalent complexes [1H-Co]2+ and [1H-Zn]2+ revealed radical-pairing interactions between the viologen ligands of adjacent complexes, representing a type of through-space electronic coupling commonly observed for organic viologen radicals but never before seen in metalloviologens. The extended solid-state packing of these complexes produces 3D networks of radical π-stacking interactions that impart unexpected mechanical flexibility to these crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice J O Kessler
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Iram F Mansoor
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Derek I Wozniak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Thomas J Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Mark C Lipke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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12
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Kovel CB, Darmon JM, Stieber SCE, Pombar G, Pabst TP, Theis B, Turner ZR, Üngör Ö, Shatruk M, DeBeer S, Chirik PJ. Bimolecular Reductive Elimination of Ethane from Pyridine(diimine) Iron Methyl Complexes: Mechanism, Electronic Structure, and Entry into [2+2] Cycloaddition Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5061-5073. [PMID: 36821524 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The application of bimolecular reductive elimination to the activation of iron catalysts for alkene-diene cycloaddition is described. Key to this approach was the synthesis, characterization, electronic structure determination, and ultimately solution stability of a family of pyridine(diimine) iron methyl complexes with diverse steric properties and electronic ground states. Both the aryl-substituted, (MePDI)FeCH3 and (EtPDI)FeCH3 (RPDI = 2,6-(2,6-R2-C6H3N═CMe)2C5H3N), and the alkyl-substituted examples, (CyAPDI)FeCH3 (CyAPDI = 2,6-(C6H11N═CMe)2C5H3N), have molecular structures significantly distorted from planarity and S = 3/2 ground states. The related N-arylated derivative bearing 2,6-di-isopropyl aryl substituents, (iPrPDI)FeCH3, has an idealized planar geometry and exhibits spin crossover behavior from S = 1/2 to S = 3/2 states. At 23 °C under an N2 atmosphere, both (MePDI)FeCH3 and (EtPDI)FeCH3 underwent reductive elimination of ethane to form the iron dinitrogen precatalysts, [(MePDI)Fe(N2)]2(μ-N2) and [(EtPDI)Fe(N2)]2(μ-N2), respectively, while (iPrPDI)FeCH3 proved inert to C-C bond formation. By contrast, addition of butadiene to all three iron methyl complexes induced ethane formation and generated the corresponding iron butadiene complexes, (RPDI)Fe(η4-C4H6) (R = Me, Et, iPr), known precatalysts for the [2+2] cycloaddition of olefins and dienes. Kinetic, crossover experiments, and structural studies were combined with magnetic measurements and Mössbauer spectroscopy to elucidate the electronic and steric features of the iron complexes that enable this unusual reductive elimination and precatalyst activation pathway. Transmetalation of methyl groups between iron centers was fast at ambient temperature and independent of steric environment or spin state, while the intermediate dimer underwent the sterically controlled rate-determining reaction with either N2 or butadiene to access a catalytically active iron compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carli B Kovel
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jonathan M Darmon
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - S Chantal E Stieber
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Gisselle Pombar
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Tyler P Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Bastian Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Zoë R Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ökten Üngör
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Michael Shatruk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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13
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Regenauer NI, Wadepohl H, Roşca D. Terminal N 2 Dissociation in [(PNN)Fe(N 2 )] 2 (μ-N 2 ) Leads to Local Spin-State Changes and Augmented Bridging N 2 Activation. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202172. [PMID: 35916757 PMCID: PMC9804668 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation at iron centres is a fundamental catalytic step for N2 utilisation, relevant to biological (nitrogenase) and industrial (Haber-Bosch) processes. This step is coupled with important electronic structure changes which are currently poorly understood. We show here for the first time that terminal dinitrogen dissociation from iron complexes that coordinate N2 in a terminal and bridging fashion leaves the Fe-N2 -Fe unit intact but significantly enhances the degree of N2 activation (Δν≈180 cm-1 , Raman spectroscopy) through charge redistribution. The transformation proceeds with local spin state change at the iron centre (S= 1 / 2 ${{ 1/2 }}$ →S=3 /2 ). Further dissociation of the bridging N2 can be induced under thermolytic conditions, triggering a disproportionation reaction, from which the tetrahedral (PNN)2 Fe could be isolated. This work shows that dinitrogen activation can be induced in the absence of external chemical stimuli such as reducing agents or Lewis acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas I. Regenauer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 276Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 276Germany
| | - Dragoş‐Adrian Roşca
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 276Germany
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14
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Singh K, Kundu A, Adhikari D. Ligand-Based Redox: Catalytic Applications and Mechanistic Aspects. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar, Manauli 140306, India
| | - Abhishek Kundu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar, Manauli 140306, India
| | - Debashis Adhikari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar, Manauli 140306, India
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15
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Sanchez Arana D, Billups JR, Donnadieu B, Creutz SE. Synthesis and electronic structure of a series of first-row transition-metal pyrazine(diimine) complexes in two oxidation states. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2115889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaylan R. Billups
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Bruno Donnadieu
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Sidney E. Creutz
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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16
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Stephan M, Dammann W, Burger P. Synthesis and reactivity of dinuclear copper(I) pyridine diimine complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13396-13404. [PMID: 35993145 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02307e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of a tethered pyridine diimine (PDI) ligand with copper(I) chloride yielded a μ-chlorido bridged cationic dicopper(I) PDI complex, which is a rare structural motif. The geometric constraint of the ligand is fostering attractive van der Waals interactions between the coplanar pyridine units. This is supported by an Atoms in Molecules (AIM) and NCI (non-covalent interaction) analysis. Reaction with carbon monoxide yields the corresponding mono- and dicarbonyl complexes, which display reversible binding of carbon monoxide. This equilibrium was studied by 13C-NMR exchange spectroscopy and complemented by DFT and LNO-CCSD(T) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Stephan
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, Department Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Dammann
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, Department Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Burger
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, Department Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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17
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Liu T, Murphy RP, Carroll PJ, Gau MR, Tomson NC. C-C σ-Bond Oxidative Addition and Hydrofunctionalization by a Macrocycle-Supported Diiron Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14037-14041. [PMID: 35881075 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the first examples of unassisted C(sp)-C(sp2) and C(sp)-C(sp3) bond oxidative addition reactions to give thermodynamically favorable products. Treatment of a diiron complex supported by a geometrically and electronically flexible macrocyclic ligand, (3PDI2)Fe2(μ-N2)(PPh3)2 ([Fe2N2]0), with stoichiometric amounts of various 4,4'-disubstituted diphenylacetylenes (ArX-C≡C-ArX; X = OMe, H, F, CF3) yielded C(sp)-C(sp2) bond oxidative addition products. When Ph-C≡C-R substrates were used as substrates (R = Me, Et, iPr, tBu), products of either C(sp)-C(sp2) or C(sp)-C(sp3) bond activation were obtained, with the less sterically encumbering alkynes exclusively undergoing C(sp)-C(sp3) bond activation. Treatment of the C-C activation species with either H2 or HBpin was found to form products of C-C σ-bond hydrofunctionalization. In both the hydrogenation and hydroboration schemes, the diiron species was observed to return to [Fe2N2]0, thereby completing synthetic cycles for C-C σ-bond functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchang Liu
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ryan P Murphy
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael R Gau
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Neil C Tomson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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18
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Partovi S, Xiong Z, Kulesa KM, Smith JM. Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Oxyanions with a Redox-Active Cobalt Macrocycle Complex. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9034-9039. [PMID: 35666148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cobalt complex, [Co(CR)Br2]+, where CR is the redox-active macrocycle 2,12-dimethyl-3,7,11,17-tetraazabicyclo-[11.3.1]-heptadeca-1(17),2,11,13,15-pentaene, has been investigated for the electrocatalytic reduction of aqueous NO2- and NO3-. At neutral pH, the bromide ligands are hydrolyzed, providing [Co(CR)(OH2)(OH)]2+ as the major species in aqueous solution. In the presence of nitrite, [Co(CR)(NO2)2]+ is formed as the major species in solution and is a precursor to the electrocatalytic reduction of NO2-, which is selectively converted to ammonium with high Faradaic efficiency. There is evidence for both homogeneous and heterogeneous electrocatalysis. Although similar NO3- binding is not observed, electrocatalytic reduction to ammonium also occurs, albeit with a lower Faradaic efficiency. In this case, NO2- is generated as an intermediate product of NO3- reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyda Partovi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Ziqing Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Krista M Kulesa
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jeremy M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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19
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Mena MR, Kim JH, So S, Ben-Daat H, Porter TM, Ghosh C, Sharma A, Flores M, Groy TL, Baik MH, Trovitch RJ. Comparing the Electronic Structure of Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel Compounds That Feature a Phosphine-Substituted Bis(imino)pyridine Chelate. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6438-6450. [PMID: 35438990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It was recently discovered that (Ph2PPrPDI)Mn (PDI = pyridine diimine) exists as a superposition of low-spin Mn(II) that is supported by a PDI dianion and intermediate-spin Mn(II) that is antiferromagnetically coupled to a triplet PDI dianion, a finding that encouraged the synthesis and electronic structure evaluation of late first row metal variants that feature the same chelate. The addition of Ph2PPrPDI to FeBr2 resulted in bromide dissociation and the formation of [(Ph2PPrPDI)FeBr][Br]. Reduction of this precursor using excess sodium amalgam afforded (Ph2PPrPDI)Fe, which possesses an Fe(II) center that is supported by a dianionic PDI ligand. Similarly, reduction of a premixed solution of Ph2PPrPDI and CoCl2 yielded the cobalt analog, (Ph2PPrPDI)Co. EPR spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations revealed that this compound features a high-spin Co(I) center that is antiferromagnetically coupled to a PDI radical anion. The addition of Ph2PPrPDI to Ni(COD)2 resulted in ligand displacement and the formation of (Ph2PPrPDI)Ni, which was found to possess a pendent phosphine group. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction, CASSCF calculations, and EPR spectroscopy indicate that (Ph2PPrPDI)Ni is best described as having a Ni(II)-PDI2- configuration. The electronic differences between these compounds are highlighted, and a computational analysis of Ph2PPrPDI denticity has revealed the thermodynamic penalties associated with phosphine dissociation from 5-coordinate (Ph2PPrPDI)Mn, (Ph2PPrPDI)Fe, and (Ph2PPrPDI)Co.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Mena
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Jun-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho So
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hagit Ben-Daat
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Tyler M Porter
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Chandrani Ghosh
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Anuja Sharma
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Marco Flores
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Thomas L Groy
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryan J Trovitch
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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20
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Thierer LM, Brooks SH, Weberg AB, Cui P, Zhang S, Gau MR, Manor BC, Carroll PJ, Tomson NC. Macrocycle-Induced Modulation of Internuclear Interactions in Homobimetallic Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6263-6280. [PMID: 35422117 PMCID: PMC9252315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic route has been developed for a series of 3d homobimetallic complexes of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu using three different pyridyldiimine and pyridyldialdimine macrocyclic ligands with ring sizes of 18, 20, and 22 atoms. Crystallographic analyses indicate that while the distances between the metals can be modulated by the size of the macrocycle pocket, the flexibility in the alkyl linkers used to construct the macrocycles enables the ligand to adjust the orientation of the PD(A)I fragments in response to the geometry of the [M2(μ-Cl)2]2+ core, particularly with respect to Jahn-Teller distortions. Analyses by UV-vis spectroscopy and SQUID magnetometry revealed deviations in the properties [M2(μ-Cl)2]2+-containing complexes bound by standard mononucleating ligands, highlighting the ability of macrocycles to use ring size to control the magnetic interactions of pseudo-octahedral, high-spin metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Thierer
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sam H. Brooks
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alexander B. Weberg
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Peng Cui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Shaoguang Zhang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael R. Gau
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Brian C. Manor
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Neil C. Tomson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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21
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Torabi M, Yarie M, Zolfigol MA, Azizian S, Gu Y. A magnetic porous organic polymer: catalytic application in the synthesis of hybrid pyridines with indole, triazole and sulfonamide moieties. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8804-8814. [PMID: 35424833 PMCID: PMC8984949 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00451h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis and characterization of a triazine-based magnetic ionic porous organic polymer are reported. The structure, morphology, and components of the prepared structure have been investigated with several spectroscopic and microscopic techniques such as FT-IR, EDX, elemental mapping, TGA/DTA, SEM, TEM, VSM, and BET analysis. Also, catalytic application of the prepared triazine-based magnetic ionic porous organic polymer was investigated for the synthesis of hybrid pyridine derivatives bearing indole, triazole and sulfonamide groups. Furthermore, the prepared hybrid pyridine systems were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass analysis. A cooperative vinylogous anomeric-based oxidation pathway was suggested for the synthesis of target molecules. General experimental procedure for the synthesis of hybrid pyridines using TMIPOP as catalyst.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Torabi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran +988138380709 +988138282807
| | - Meysam Yarie
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran +988138380709 +988138282807
| | - Mohammad Ali Zolfigol
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran +988138380709 +988138282807
| | - Saeid Azizian
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran
| | - Yanlong Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu road, Hongshan District Wuhan 430074 China
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22
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Zhang WS, Ji DW, Li Y, Zhang XX, Zhao CY, Hu YC, Chen QA. Regio- and Stereoselective Diarylation of 1,3-Dienes via Ni/Cr Cocatalysis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Song Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding-Wei Ji
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Xin Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao-Yang Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Cheng Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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23
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He Y, Huang YY, Fu JH, Liu Y, Wu XT, Sheng TL. Influence of the electronic effect of an ancillary ligand on MMCT and LMCT in localized cyanide-bridged complexes containing non-innocent ligands. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18099-18108. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03048a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For bimetallic MV complexes with non-innocent ligands, the MMCT energy in the localized system decreases significantly while the LMCT energy in the delocalized moiety increases slightly as the electronic effect of ancillary ligands is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Hui Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
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24
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Computational search for redox isomerism in Ge and Sn bis-chelates with α-diimine ligands. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Greb L. Valence Tautomerism of p‐Block Element Compounds – An Eligible Phenomenon for Main Group Catalysis? Eur J Inorg Chem 2021; 2022:e202100871. [PMID: 35910784 PMCID: PMC9306562 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Valence tautomerism has had a remarkable impact on several branches of transition metal chemistry. By switching between different valence tautomeric states, physicochemical properties and reactivities can be triggered reversibly. Is this phenomenon transferrable into the p‐block – or is it already happening there? This Perspective collects observations of p‐block element‐ligand systems that might be assignable to valence tautomerism. Further, it discusses occurrences in p‐block element compounds that exhibit the related effect of redox‐induced electron transfer. As disclosed, the concept of valence tautomerism with p‐block elements is at a very early stage. However, given the substantial disparity in the properties of those elements in different redox states, it might offer a valid extension for future developments in main group catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Greb
- Anorganische Chemie Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34–36 14195 Berlin Germany
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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26
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Li CB, Bagnall AJ, Sun D, Rendon J, Koepf M, Gambarelli S, Mouesca JM, Chavarot-Kerlidou M, Artero V. Electrocatalytic reduction of protons to dihydrogen by the cobalt tetraazamacrocyclic complex [Co(N 4H)Cl 2] +: mechanism and benchmarking of performances. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS 2021; 6:143-149. [PMID: 35028421 PMCID: PMC8691182 DOI: 10.1039/d1se01267c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The cobalt tetraazamacrocyclic [Co(N4H)Cl2]+ complex is becoming a popular and versatile catalyst for the electrocatalytic evolution of hydrogen, because of its stability and superior activity in aqueous conditions. We present here a benchmarking of its performances based on the thorough analysis of cyclic voltammograms recorded under various catalytic regimes in non-aqueous conditions allowing control of the proton concentration. This allowed a detailed mechanism to be proposed with quantitative determination of the rate-constants for the various protonation steps, as well as identification of the amine function of the tetraazamacrocyclic ligand to act as a proton relay during H2 evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, The Energy and Catalysis Hub, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710127 China
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux 17 Rue des Martyrs F-38054 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Andrew J Bagnall
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux 17 Rue des Martyrs F-38054 Grenoble, Cedex France
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University SE75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Dongyue Sun
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux 17 Rue des Martyrs F-38054 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Julia Rendon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux 17 Rue des Martyrs F-38054 Grenoble, Cedex France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/IRIG-SyMMES 17 Rue des Martyrs F-38054 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Matthieu Koepf
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux 17 Rue des Martyrs F-38054 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Serge Gambarelli
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/IRIG-SyMMES 17 Rue des Martyrs F-38054 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Jean-Marie Mouesca
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/IRIG-SyMMES 17 Rue des Martyrs F-38054 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Murielle Chavarot-Kerlidou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux 17 Rue des Martyrs F-38054 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Vincent Artero
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux 17 Rue des Martyrs F-38054 Grenoble, Cedex France
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27
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Doll JS, Regenauer NI, Bothe VP, Wadepohl H, Roşca DA. Redox Activity of Iron Diazine-Diimine Carbonyl and Dinitrogen Complexes: A Comparative Study of the Influence of the Heterocyclic Ring. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:520-532. [PMID: 34913670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A detailed investigation of the electronic structure of diazinediimine iron complexes and their comparison with the pyridine analogues reveals subtle but important differences, imparted by the supporting heterocycle. In the case of LFe(CO)2 complexes (L = pyrazine- and pyrimidinediimine), the characterization of three available redox states confirmed that whereas the nature of the electron-transfer processes is similar, the differences in π-acidity of the supporting heterocycle significantly affect the redox potentials. The reduction of LFe(CO)2 can yield either a ligand-centered radical (for L = pyrimidine) or a C-C-bonded dimer (for L = pyrazine), supported by a dearomatized core. In the latter case, the C-C bond can be reversibly cleaved oxidatively. Compared to the carbonyl analogues, employing weak-field N2 ligands triggers changes in electronic structure for the neutral and reduced LFe(N2) complexes (L = pyrimidinediimine). En route to the synthesis of the nitrogen complexes, the square-planar LFeCl (L = pyrimidinediimine) was isolated. The monoradical character of the supporting chelate triggers the asymmetric distribution of electron density around the heterocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna S Doll
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas I Regenauer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viktoria P Bothe
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dragoş-Adrian Roşca
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Deb R, Balakrishna P, Majumdar M. Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Pn(I) (Pn=N, P, As, Sb, Bi) Cations. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101133. [PMID: 34786856 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Group 15 Pn(I) cations (Pn=N, P, As, Sb and Bi), which are isoelectronic with the donor-stabilized carbones, have emerged recently. Despite the presence of two lone pair of electrons, the Pn(I) cations are weakly nucleophilic due to their inherent positive charge. Strongly electron-donating supporting ligands including zwitterionic forms have been used to enhance their Lewis basicity. Furthermore, the chelating effect of cyclic ligand systems proved effective in increasing their nucleophilicity. The strategies involved in successfully isolating the fleeting Sb(I) and Bi(I) cations as the recent most achievements in this field have been discussed. The syntheses, structure, bonding situations and reactivity of the Pn(I) cations are discussed. An outlook on the periodic trends and future applications of these electronically unique electron-rich cationic moieties have been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Deb
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - P Balakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Moumita Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
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29
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Beromi MM, Younker JM, Zhong H, Pabst TP, Chirik PJ. Catalyst Design Principles Enabling Intermolecular Alkene-Diene [2+2] Cycloaddition and Depolymerization Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17793-17805. [PMID: 34652908 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aryl-substituted pyridine(diimine) iron complexes promote the catalytic [2 + 2] cycloadditions of alkenes and dienes to form vinylcyclobutanes as well as the oligomerization of butadiene to generate divinyl(oligocyclobutane), a microstructure of poly(butadiene) that is chemically recyclable. A systematic study on a series of iron butadiene complexes as well as their ruthenium congeners has provided insights into the essential features of the catalyst that promotes these cycloaddition reactions. Structural and computational studies on iron butadiene complexes identified that the structural rigidity of the tridentate pincer enables rare s-trans diene coordination. This geometry, in turn, promotes dissociation of one of the alkene arms of the diene, opening a coordination site for the incoming substrate to engage in oxidative cyclization. Studies on ruthenium congeners established that this step occurs without redox involvement of the pyridine(diimine) chelate. Cyclobutane formation occurs from a metallacyclic intermediate by reversible C(sp3)-C(sp3) reductive coupling. A series of labeling experiments with pyridine(diimine) iron and ruthenium complexes support the favorability of accessing the +3 oxidation state to trigger C(sp3)-C(sp3) reductive elimination, involving spin crossover from S = 0 to S = 1. The high density of states of iron and the redox-active pyridine(diimine) ligand facilitate this reactivity under thermal conditions. For the ruthenium congener, the pyridine(diimine) remains redox innocent and irradiation with blue light was required to promote the analogous reactivity. These structure-activity relationships highlight important design principles for the development of next generation catalysts for these cycloaddition reactions as well as the promotion of chemical recycling of cycloaddition polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Mohadjer Beromi
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jarod M Younker
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Hongyu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Tyler P Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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30
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Chen K, Zhu H, Li Y, Peng Q, Guo Y, Wang X. Dinuclear Cobalt Complex-Catalyzed Stereodivergent Semireduction of Alkynes: Switchable Selectivities Controlled by H 2O. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oganometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongdan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oganometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yinlong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oganometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oganometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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31
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Abstract
The stoichiometric reactions of antimony trichloride, trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, and diiminopyridine ligands lead to the formation of N,N',N''-chelated SbCl2 cationic complexes. Methyl and phenyl substituents on the imine carbons of the ligand yielded structures with a lone pair on antimony and the hydrogen substituted variant was notably different as it forms a Menshutkin complex with meta-xylene in the solid-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Tidwell
- Baylor University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
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32
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Zuckerman LA, Vargo NP, May CV, Crockett MP, Hyre AS, McNeely J, Elinburg JK, Brown AM, Robinson JR, Rheingold AL, Doerrer LH. Thiolate-Thione Redox-Active Ligand with a Six-Membered Chelate Ring via Template Condensation and Its Pt(II) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13376-13387. [PMID: 34382778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new template condensation reaction has been discovered in a mixture of Pt(II), thiobenzamide, and base. Four complexes of the general form [Pt(ctaPhR)2], R = CH3 (1a), H (1b), F (1c), Cl (1d), cta = condensed thioamide, have been prepared under similar conditions and thoroughly characterized by 1H NMR and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, (spectro)electrochemistry, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The ligand is redox active and can be reduced from the initial monoanion to a dianionic and then trianionic state. Chemical reduction of 1a with [Cp2Co] yielded [Cp2Co]2[Pt(ctaPhCH3)2], [Cp2Co]2[1a], which has been similarly characterized with the addition of EPR spectroscopy and SQUID magnetization. The singly reduced form containing [1a]1-, (nBu4N)[Pt(ctaPhCH3)2], has been generated in situ and characterized by UV-vis and EPR spectroscopies. DFT studies of 1b, [1b]1-, and [1b]2- confirm the location of additional electrons in exclusively ligand-based orbitals. A detailed analysis of this redox-active ligand, with emphasis on the characteristics that favor noninnocent behavior in six-membered chelate rings, is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Zuckerman
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Natasha P Vargo
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Claire V May
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Michael P Crockett
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Ariel S Hyre
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - James McNeely
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jessica K Elinburg
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Alexander M Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Jerome R Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0332, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Linda H Doerrer
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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33
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van Leest N, de Zwart FJ, Zhou M, de Bruin B. Controlling Radical-Type Single-Electron Elementary Steps in Catalysis with Redox-Active Ligands and Substrates. JACS AU 2021; 1:1101-1115. [PMID: 34467352 PMCID: PMC8385710 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Advances in (spectroscopic) characterization of the unusual electronic structures of open-shell cobalt complexes bearing redox-active ligands, combined with detailed mapping of their reactivity, have uncovered several new catalytic radical-type protocols that make efficient use of the synergistic properties of redox-active ligands, redox-active substrates, and the metal to which they coordinate. In this perspective, we discuss the tools available to study, induce, and control catalytic radical-type reactions with redox-active ligands and/or substrates, contemplating recent developments in the field, including some noteworthy tools, methods, and reactions developed in our own group. The main topics covered are (i) tools to characterize redox-active ligands; (ii) novel synthetic applications of catalytic reactions that make use of redox-active carbene and nitrene substrates at open-shell cobalt-porphyrins; (iii) development of catalytic reactions that take advantage of purely ligand- and substrate-based redox processes, coupled to cobalt-centered spin-changing events in a synergistic manner; and (iv) utilization of redox-active ligands to influence the spin state of the metal. Redox-active ligands have emerged as useful tools to generate and control reactive metal-coordinated radicals, which give access to new synthetic methodologies and intricate (electronic) structures, some of which are yet to be exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas
P. van Leest
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired
Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felix J. de Zwart
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired
Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Minghui Zhou
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired
Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired
Catalysis Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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34
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Fandos R, Rodríguez-Delgado A, Rodríguez A, Romero I, Organero JÁ, Álvarez E. Pathways to Metal–Ligand Cooperation in Quinoline-Based Titanium(IV) Pincers: Nonelectrophilic N-methylation, Deprotonation, and Dihydropyridine Formation. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fandos
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Delgado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, C/Américo Vespucio, 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Campus de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Iván Romero
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan Ángel Organero
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Eleuterio Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, C/Américo Vespucio, 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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35
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36
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Wang Q, Brooks SH, Liu T, Tomson NC. Tuning metal-metal interactions for cooperative small molecule activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2839-2853. [PMID: 33624638 PMCID: PMC8274379 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07721f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cluster complexes have attracted interest for decades due to their promise of drawing analogies to metallic surfaces and metalloenzyme active sites, but only recently have chemists started to develop ligand scaffolds that are specifically designed to support multinuclear transition metal cores. Such ligands not only hold multiple metal centers in close proximity but also allow for fine-tuning of their electronic structures and surrounding steric environments. This Feature Article highlights ligand designs that allow for cooperative small molecule activation at cluster complexes, with a particular focus on complexes that contain metal-metal bonds. Two useful ligand-design elements have emerged from this work: a degree of geometric flexibility, which allows for novel small molecule activation modes, and the use of redox-active ligands to provide electronic flexibility to the cluster core. The authors have incorporated these factors into a unique class of dinucleating macrocycles (nPDI2). Redox-active fragments in nPDI2 mimic the weak-overlap covalent bonding that is characteristic of M-M interactions, and aliphatic linkers in the ligand backbone provide geometric flexibility, allowing for interconversion between a range of geometries as the dinuclear core responds to the requirements of various small molecule substrates. The union of these design elements appears to be a powerful combination for analogizing critical aspects of heterogeneous and metalloenzyme catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuran Wang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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37
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Hay MA, Boskovic C. Lanthanoid Complexes as Molecular Materials: The Redox Approach. Chemistry 2021; 27:3608-3637. [PMID: 32965741 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The development of molecular materials with novel functionality offers promise for technological innovation. Switchable molecules that incorporate redox-active components are enticing candidate compounds due to their potential for electronic manipulation. Lanthanoid metals are most prevalent in their trivalent state and usually redox-activity in lanthanoid complexes is restricted to the ligand. The unique electronic and physical properties of lanthanoid ions have been exploited for various applications, including in magnetic and luminescent materials as well as in catalysis. Lanthanoid complexes are also promising for applications reliant on switchability, where the physical properties can be modulated by varying the oxidation state of a coordinated ligand. Lanthanoid-based redox activity is also possible, encompassing both divalent and tetravalent metal oxidation states. Thus, utilization of redox-active lanthanoid metals offers an attractive opportunity to further expand the capabilities of molecular materials. This review surveys both ligand and lanthanoid centered redox-activity in pre-existing molecular systems, including tuning of lanthanoid magnetic and photophysical properties by modulating the redox states of coordinated ligands. Ultimately the combination of redox-activity at both ligands and metal centers in the same molecule can afford novel electronic structures and physical properties, including multiconfigurational electronic states and valence tautomerism. Further targeted exploration of these features is clearly warranted, both to enhance understanding of the underlying fundamental chemistry, and for the generation of a potentially important new class of molecular material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moya A Hay
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Colette Boskovic
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Thierer LM, Wang Q, Brooks SH, Cui P, Qi J, Gau MR, Manor BC, Carroll PJ, Tomson NC. Pyridyldiimine macrocyclic ligands: Influences of template ion, linker length and imine substitution on ligand synthesis, structure and redox properties. Polyhedron 2021; 198. [PMID: 33776186 DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2,6-diiminopyridine-derived macrocyclic ligands have been synthesized via [2+2] condensation around alkaline earth metal triflate salts. The inclusion of a tert-butyl group at the 4-position of the pyridine ring of the macrocyclic synthons results in macrocyclic complexes that are soluble in common organic solvents, thereby enabling a systematic comparison of the physical properties of the complexes by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, solution-phase UV-Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Solid-state structures determined crystallographically demonstrate increased twisting in the ligand, concurrent with either a decrease in ion size or an increase in macrocycle ring size (18, 20, or 22 membered rings). The degree of folding and twisting within the macrocycle can be quantified using parameters derived from the Npyr-M-Npyr bond angle and the relative orientation of the pyridinediimine (PDI) and pyridinedialdimine (PDAI) fragments to each other within the solid state structures. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to compare the relative energies of the imine π* orbital of the redox active PDI and PDAI components in the macrocycle when coordinated to redox inactive metals. Both methods indicate the change from a methyl to hydrogen substitution on the imine carbon lowers the energy of the ligand π* system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peng Cui
- University of Pennsylvania for this work
| | - Jia Qi
- University of Pennsylvania for this work
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Hopkins Leseberg JA, Lionetti D, Day VW, Blakemore JD. Electrochemical Kinetic Study of [Cp*Rh] Complexes Supported by Bis(2-pyridyl)methane Ligands. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Hopkins Leseberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Davide Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Victor W. Day
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - James D. Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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40
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Cobalt(II) complexes of α-diimine derived from cycloalkylamines as controlling agents for organometallic mediated radical polymerization of vinyl acetate. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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41
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Comparison of the Reactivity and Structures for the Neutral and Cationic Bis(imino)pyridyl Iron and Cobalt Species by DFT Calculations. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10121396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Density Functional Theory (DFT) method was adopted to investigate and compare the reaction mechanisms of ethylene polymerization catalyzed by neutral, cationic bis(imino)pyridyl (PDI) iron and cobalt derivatives. The electronic structure and the oxidation states of the metal center and the PDI ligand were analyzed by taking spin states, natural bond orbital (NBO) charge distribution, etc. into consideration, revealing that the reactivity is closely related to the valence electron numbers instead of the charge numbers. The neutral Co(0) had the lowest reactivity as it possessed the most electrons. During the formation of the cationic Co(+)/Fe(+), one electron was mainly lost from PDI ligand rather than the metal center while the metal center maintained +II valence state through the process. Moreover, a special unsymmetrically bidentate N^N coordination manner was found to provide the deficient metal surroundings with 14e, which may initiate the reactivity of some unsymmetrical species with rich electrons. Finally, an anion [AlMe4]− participating process was proposed to explain the presence of the experimentally observed LCo(+)B(C2H4). A special intermediate, Co(+)B(C2H4) [AlMe4]− with Co in +I and absence of Co–C σ bond, was obtained. These calculation results may provide fundamental information for further understanding and designing the ethylene polymerization catalysts.
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42
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Billups JR, Fokakis ZN, Creutz SE. Octahedral Iron Complexes of Pyrazine(diimine) Pincers: Ligand Electronic Effects and Protonation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15228-15239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaylan R. Billups
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Zoe N. Fokakis
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Sidney E. Creutz
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville Mississippi 39762, United States
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43
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Rabelo R, Toma L, Moliner N, Julve M, Lloret F, Pasán J, Ruiz-Pérez C, Ruiz-García R, Cano J. Electroswitching of the single-molecule magnet behaviour in an octahedral spin crossover cobalt(ii) complex with a redox-active pyridinediimine ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12242-12245. [PMID: 32926022 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03357j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermal-assisted spin crossover and field-induced slow magnetic relaxation coexist in the solid state for the mononuclear cobalt(ii) complex with the non-innocent 2,6-bis(N-4-methoxyphenylformimidoyl)pyridine ligand. One-electron oxidation of the paramagnetic low-spin CoII ion (SCo = 1/2) to the diamagnetic low-spin CoIII ion (SCo = 0) leads to the electroswitching of the slow magnetic relaxation in acetonitrile solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Rabelo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, València, Spain.
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Carter C, Kratish Y, Jurca T, Gao Y, Marks TJ. Bis-Ferrocenyl-Pyridinediimine Trinuclear Mixed-Valent Complexes with Metal-Binding Dependent Electronic Coupling: Synthesis, Structures, and Redox-Spectroscopic Characterization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18715-18729. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cole Carter
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208−3113, United States
| | - Yosi Kratish
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208−3113, United States
| | - Titel Jurca
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208−3113, United States
| | - Yanshan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208−3113, United States
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208−3113, United States
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45
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Dionisi EM, Binder JF, LaFortune JHW, Macdonald CLB. Triphosphenium salts: air-stable precursors for phosphorus(I) chemistry. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:12115-12127. [PMID: 32779666 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02219e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of low-coordinate phosphorus-containing species is an area of intense interest in modern main group chemistry. While typical routes for accessing such species include pyrophoric phosphorus-centered precursors or harsh reducing agents, triphosphenium cations represent a more convenient and safer alternative. This Perspective summarizes the use of air- and moisture-stable triphosphenium salts of [dppeP]+ as a source of P+ ions for the generation of a variety of new and/or useful low-coordinate phosphorus-containing species. These range from phosphorus-rich oligomers to phosphamethine cyanine dyes. Special emphasis is placed on the electronic structure of the newly generated species as well as their subsequent reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Dionisi
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6.
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46
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Spentzos AZ, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Tomson NC. Unusual cyanide and methyl binding modes at a dicobalt macrocycle following acetonitrile C-C bond activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9675-9678. [PMID: 32696777 PMCID: PMC7442599 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03521a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This communication describes the C-C bond activation of acetonitrile and the trapping of the methyl and cyanide fragments by macrocyclic, dicobalt complexes. Both products display unique structural features as a result of the constraints imposed by the macrocycle. The bridged species [(3PDI2)Co2(μ-CN)(PMe3)2][OTf] ([Co2CN]+) exhibits atypical Co-CN-Co binding, and upon either phosphine dissociation or oxidation, the flexible ligand framework is able to switch between different binding modes of μ-cyanide. Further, the bridging methyl species [(3PDI2)Co2(μ-CH3)(PMe3)][OTf] ([Co2CH3]+) is the first structurally characterized dicobalt complex with a bridging methyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Z Spentzos
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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47
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Zhang S, Cui P, Liu T, Wang Q, Longo TJ, Thierer LM, Manor BC, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Papaefthymiou GC, Tomson NC. N-H Bond Formation at a Diiron Bridging Nitride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15215-15219. [PMID: 32441448 PMCID: PMC7680347 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite their connection to ammonia synthesis, little is known about the ability of iron-bound, bridging nitrides to form N-H bonds. Herein we report a linear diiron bridging nitride complex supported by a redox-active macrocycle. The unique ability of the ligand scaffold to adapt to the geometric preference of the bridging species was found to facilitate the formation of N-H bonds via proton-coupled electron transfer to generate a μ-amide product. The structurally analogous μ-silyl- and μ-borylamide complexes were shown to form from the net insertion of the nitride into the E-H bonds (E=B, Si). Protonation of the parent bridging amide produced ammonia in high yield, and treatment of the nitride with PhSH was found to liberate NH3 in high yield through a reaction that engages the redox-activity of the ligand during PCET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Zhang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Peng Cui
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tianchang Liu
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qiuran Wang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Thomas J Longo
- Department of Physics, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Laura M Thierer
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brian C Manor
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael R Gau
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Neil C Tomson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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48
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Zhang S, Cui P, Liu T, Wang Q, Longo TJ, Thierer LM, Manor BC, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Papaefthymiou GC, Tomson NC. N−H Bond Formation at a Diiron Bridging Nitride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Zhang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Peng Cui
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Tianchang Liu
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Qiuran Wang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Thomas J. Longo
- Department of Physics Villanova University Villanova PA 19085 USA
| | - Laura M. Thierer
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Brian C. Manor
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Michael R. Gau
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | | | - Neil C. Tomson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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49
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Nikolaevskaya E, Druzhkov N, Syroeshkin M, Egorov M. Chemistry of diazadiene type ligands with extra coordination groups. Prospects of reactivity. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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50
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Gray PA, Braun JD, Rahimi N, Herbert DE. Diiminepyridine‐Supported Phosphorus(I) and Phosphorus(III) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemistry. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Gray
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials University of Manitoba 144 Dysart Road R3T 2N2 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Jason D. Braun
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials University of Manitoba 144 Dysart Road R3T 2N2 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Naser Rahimi
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials University of Manitoba 144 Dysart Road R3T 2N2 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - David E. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials University of Manitoba 144 Dysart Road R3T 2N2 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
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