1
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Schweitzer-Stenner R. Probing the versatility of cytochrome c by spectroscopic means: A Laudatio on resonance Raman spectroscopy. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 259:112641. [PMID: 38901065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Over the last 50 years resonance Raman spectroscopy has become an invaluable tool for the exploration of chromophores in biological macromolecules. Among them, heme proteins and metal complexes have attracted considerable attention. This interest results from the fact that resonance Raman spectroscopy probes the vibrational dynamics of these chromophores without direct interference from the surrounding. However, the indirect influence via through-bond and through-space chromophore-protein interactions can be conveniently probed and analyzed. This review article illustrates this point by focusing on class 1 cytochrome c, a comparatively simple heme protein generally known as electron carrier in mitochondria. The article demonstrates how through selective excitation of resonance Raman active modes information about the ligation, the redox state and the spin state of the heme iron can be obtained from band positions in the Raman spectra. The investigation of intensities and depolarization ratios emerged as tools for the analysis of in-plane and out-of-plane deformations of the heme macrocycle. The article further shows how resonance Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize partially unfolded states of oxidized cytochrome c. Finally, it describes its use for exploring structural changes due to the protein's binding to anionic surfaces like cardiolipin containing membranes.
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2
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Chaudhri N, Guberman-Pfeffer MJ, Zeller M, Brückner C. Oxochlorin frameworks confining a β-hydroxyketone moiety. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:13142-13150. [PMID: 39041824 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01386g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Nominally, meso-hydroxyoxochlorins, like known 5-hydroxy-7-oxo-octaethylchlorin (9), its nickel complex [5-hydroxy-7-oxo-octaethylchlorinato]nickel(II) (9Ni), or the novel 5-hydroxy-7,17-dioxo-octaethylbacteriochlorin (10), incorporate an acetylacetonate (acac)-moiety in the enol form in their chromophore structures. X-Ray diffraction studies of the compounds show the presence of a strong H-bond between the enol and flanking β-ketone. Like acac, the functionality can be deprotonated. However, unlike regular acac-like moieties, we did not find any indication that this functionality is competent in chelating any of the 3d or 4d transition metal ions tested. Evidently, the conjugation that contributes to the stability of acac as a ligand cannot be expressed in the meso-hydroxyoxochlorins since it would perturb the aromaticity of the porphyrinic chromophores; in other words, the metal binding energies do not offset the loss in aromaticity. The halochromic properties of the molecules provide some more insight into the location of the protonation/deprotonation sites. The interpretation of the findings is supported by computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Chaudhri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab-143005, India
| | - Matthew J Guberman-Pfeffer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76706, USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA.
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3
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Kingsbury CJ, Senge MO. Quantifying near-symmetric molecular distortion using symmetry-coordinate structural decomposition. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc01670j. [PMID: 39129773 PMCID: PMC11310747 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01670j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We imagine molecules to be perfect, but rigidified units can be designed to bend from their ideal shape, discarding their symmetric elements as they progress through vibrations and larger, more permanent distortions. The shape of molecules is either simulated or measured by crystallography and strongly affects chemical properties but, beyond an image or tabulation of atom-to-atom distances, little is often discussed of the accessed conformation. We have simplified the process of shape quantification across multiple molecular types with a new web-accessible program - SCSD - through which a molecular subunit possessing near-symmetry can be dissected into symmetry coordinates with ease. This parameterization allows a common set of numbers for comparing and understanding molecular shape, and is a simple method for database analysis; this program is available at https://www.kingsbury.id.au/scsd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Kingsbury
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute 152-160 Pearse Street Dublin D02R590 Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute 152-160 Pearse Street Dublin D02R590 Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich Lichtenberg-Str. 2a 85748 Garching Germany
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4
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Maguire S, Strachan G, Norvaiša K, Donohoe C, Gomes-da-Silva LC, Senge MO. Porphyrin Atropisomerism as a Molecular Engineering Tool in Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Recognition, Supramolecular Assembly, and Catalysis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401559. [PMID: 38787350 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Porphyrin atropisomerism, which arises from restricted σ-bond rotation between the macrocycle and a sufficiently bulky substituent, was identified in 1969 by Gottwald and Ullman in 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(o-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrins. Henceforth, an entirely new field has emerged utilizing this transformative tool. This review strives to explain the consequences of atropisomerism in porphyrins, the methods which have been developed for their separation and analysis and present the diverse array of applications. Porphyrins alone possess intriguing properties and a structure which can be easily decorated and molded for a specific function. Therefore, atropisomerism serves as a transformative tool, making it possible to obtain even a specific molecular shape. Atropisomerism has been thoroughly exploited in catalysis and molecular recognition yet presents both challenges and opportunities in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Maguire
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
| | - Grant Strachan
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
| | - Karolis Norvaiša
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
| | - Claire Donohoe
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-535, Portugal
| | | | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Focus Group-Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nanosystems, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenberg Str. 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
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5
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Ruppert H, Meister A, Janßen P, Greb L. Conformational and Substitution Effects on the Donor and Reducing Strength of Tin(II) Porphyrinogens. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401685. [PMID: 38803093 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Meso-octaalkylcalix[4]pyrrolates are a class of redox-active porphyrinogen ligands. They have been well established in d- and f-block chemistry for over three decades but have only recently been introduced as ligands for p-block elements. Here, we present a study on the influence of meso-substituents on the redox chemistry of calix[4]pyrrolato stannate(II) dianions [2R]2- (R=Me, Et). Expansion of the normal-mode structural decomposition (NSD) method, well known for porphyrin chemistry, provides insights into the ligand conformation of a calix[4]pyrrolato p-block complex. Combined with the results of spectroscopic donor scaling, electrochemical studies, and quantum mechanical bond analysis tools, subtle but significant substitution and conformational effects on the electronic structure are revealed. Exploiting this knowledge rationalizes the role of this class of tin(II) dianions to act as potent reducing agents, but can also be expanded for other central elements. Photoexcitation boosts this reactivity further, allowing for the reduction of even challenging chlorobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Ruppert
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 275, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arne Meister
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 275, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Janßen
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 275, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 275, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Schmidt M, Abellán Vicente L, González MT, Zotti LA, Esser B, Leary E. Low-lying LUMO Boosts Conductance in Antiaromatic Dibenzopentalene Versus Aromatic Analogues. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400935. [PMID: 38752711 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Antiaromaticity is a fundamental concept in chemistry, but the study of molecular wires incorporating antiaromatic units is limited. Despite initial predictions, very few studies show that antiaromaticity has a beneficial effect on electron transport. Dibenzo[a,e]pentalene (DBP) is a stable structure that displays appreciable antiaromaticity within the five-membered rings of the pentalene core. We have investigated derivatives of DBP furnished with pyridyl (Py) and F4-pyridyl (PyF4) anchor groups, and compared the conductance with purely aromatic phenyl and anthracene analogues. We find that the low-bias conductance of DBP-Py is approximately 60 % larger than that of the anthracene analogue Anth-Py and 250 % larger compared to the phenyl derivative Ph-Py. This is due to a better alignment of the LUMO with the gold Fermi level, which we confirm by conductance-voltage spectroscopy where the conductance of DBP-Py shows the greatest voltage-dependence. The F4-pyridyl compounds, which have lower LUMO energies compared to the pyridyl analogues, did not, however, form detectable molecular junctions. The strongly electron-withdrawing fluorine atoms reduce the donor capability of the nitrogen lone-pair to the point where stable N-Au bonds no longer form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schmidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lydia Abellán Vicente
- Fundación IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9 Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Teresa González
- Fundación IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9 Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Linda A Zotti
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Edmund Leary
- Fundación IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9 Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Huang L, Hu C, Wang Y. Chirality Sensing of Chiral Carboxylic Acids by a Ureido-Linked Zinc Bisporphyrinate. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400359. [PMID: 38744672 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a ureido-linked zinc bisporphyrinate [Zn2(UBis)]. CD spectra show that this zinc bisporphyrinate has the ability to sense the chirality of chiral carboxylic acids without derivatization. Our studies suggest that the phenyl ring in the linker forms π-π interactions with porphyrin planes and that the carboxylic acid is coordinated to the zinc in the host-guest complex. DFT calculations show that the bisporphyrin adopts a "Z"-shaped configuration, and that the ureido group forms hydrogen bonds with carboxylic acids. The combination of π-π interactions, coordination interactions and hydrogen bonding interactions leads to the chirality sensing ability of [Zn2(UBis)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chuanjiang Hu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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8
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Schio L, Bavdek G, Grazioli C, Obersnù C, Cossaro A, Goldoni A, Calloni A, Bossi A, Bussetti G, Orbelli Biroli A, Vittadini A, Floreano L. Seeding the vertical growth of laterally coherent coordination polymers on the rutile-TiO 2(110) surface. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:13071-13078. [PMID: 38895745 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01309c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Coordination polymers may be synthesized by linear bridging ligands to metal ions with conventional chemistry methods (e.g. in solution). Such complexes can be hardly brought onto a substrate with the chemical, spatial and geometrical homogeneity required for device integration. Instead, we follow an in situ synthesis approach, where the anchoring points are provided by a monolayer of metal(II)-tetraphenylporphyrin (M-TPP, M = Cu, Zn, Co) grown in vacuum on the rutile-TiO2(110) surface. We probed the metal affinity to axial coordination by further deposition of symmetric dipyridyl-naphthalenediimide (DPNDI). By NEXAFS linear polarization dichroism, we show that DPNDI stands up on Zn- and Co-TPP thanks to axial coordination, whereas it lies down on the substrate for Cu-TPP. Calculations for a model pyridine ligand predict strong binding to Zn and Co cations, whose interaction with the O anions underneath is disrupted by surface trans effect. The weaker interactions between pyridine and Cu-TPP are then overcome by the strong attraction between TiO2 and DPNDI. The binding sites exposed by the homeotropic alignment of the ditopic DPNDI ligand on Zn- and Co-TPP are the foundations to grow coordination polymers preserving the lateral coherence of the basal layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Schio
- CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, Trieste 34149, Italy.
| | - Gregor Bavdek
- CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, Trieste 34149, Italy.
- Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, Kardeljeva Ploščad 16, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Cesare Grazioli
- CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, Trieste 34149, Italy.
| | - Claudia Obersnù
- CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, Trieste 34149, Italy.
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgeri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Albano Cossaro
- CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, Trieste 34149, Italy.
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgeri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Andrea Goldoni
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Alberto Calloni
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, P. za Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Alberto Bossi
- CNR-SCITEC and SmartMatLab, Via Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Gianlorenzo Bussetti
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, P. za Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Vittadini
- CNR-ICMATE and Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Luca Floreano
- CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, Trieste 34149, Italy.
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9
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Qu C, Gong X, Sun Y, Gao H, Cai F, Zhao Y, Wu F, Shen Z. Synergistic meso-β regulation of porphyrins: squeezing the band gap into the near-infrared I/II region. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10491-10498. [PMID: 38994426 PMCID: PMC11234831 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01806k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of novel near-infrared (NIR) materials with extremely small energy gaps and high stability is highly desirable in bioimaging and phototherapy. Here we report an effective strategy for narrowing the energy gaps of porphyrins by synergistic regulation of meso/β substituents. The novel NIR absorbing/emitting meso-alkynyl naphthoporphyrins (Zn-TNP and Pt-TNP) are synthesized via the retro-Diels-Alder reaction. X-ray crystallography analysis confirms the highly distorted structures of the complexes. Both compounds exhibit intense Q bands around 800 nm, while Zn-TNP shows deep NIR fluorescence at 847 nm. Pt-TNP displays NIR-II room temperature phosphorescence peaking at 1106 nm with an extremely large Stokes shift of 314 nm, which are the longest wavelengths observed among the reported platinum porphyrinoids. Furthermore, Pt-TNP shows remarkable photostability and a notable capacity for synchronous singlet oxygen and heat generation under NIR light irradiation, demonstrating potential in combined photodynamic/photothermal therapy. A theoretical analysis reveals the progressive lifting of the HOMO by the β-fused benzene ring, the decrease of the LUMO upon meso-alkynyl substitution, and energy-releasing pathways varying with metal ions. This dual regulation approach demonstrates great promise in designing innovative multifunctional NIR porphyrin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulin Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xinxin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yufen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Fangjian Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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10
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Tkachenko N, Golovanov V, Penni A, Vesamäki S, Ajayakumar MR, Muranaka A, Kobayashi N, Efimov A. The windmill, the dragon, and the frog: geometry control over the spectral, magnetic, and electrochemical properties of cobalt phthalocyanine regioisomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:18113-18128. [PMID: 38895861 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01564a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
For the first time, we have prepared non-aggregating phthalocyanine cobalt complexes as a set of resolved positional isomers. These compounds comprise a unique test bed for the structure-properties studies, as their optical and electrochemical properties are influenced by the planarity of the phthalocyanine macrocycle, which can be controlled by the positional isomerism of the bulky aromatic substituents at the α-phthalo sites. We support our conclusions with molecular modelling studies, which show a perfect match between the calculated and experimentally determined spectral/electrochemical values. We challenge a common perception that the NMR spectra of cobalt phthalocyanines cannot be measured due to the paramagnetic nature of Co(II). We suggest instead that the key factors affecting the NMR spectral resolution are molecular aggregation and π-π stacking. These interactions are suppressed by the bulky peripheral substituents on the cobalt phthalocyanines prepared, making these isomeric compounds an excellent tool for paramagnetic NMR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viacheslav Golovanov
- Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 10, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
- South-Ukrainian National University, Staroportofrankovskaya str. 26, 65020, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Aleksandr Penni
- Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 10, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Sami Vesamäki
- Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 10, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
| | - M R Ajayakumar
- Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 10, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Molecular Structure Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Alexander Efimov
- Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 10, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
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11
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Singh A, Nath M. Cascade Radical Pathway-Enabled Nitrogen-Sulfur Coupling: Access to Isothiazolo[3,4- b]- meso-tetraarylporphyrins. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8610-8619. [PMID: 38819088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
A catalyst-free radical-mediated domino strategy for the construction of isothiazolo[3,4-b]-meso-tetraarylporphyrins was developed. During the course of the reaction, 2-benzothioylamino-3-thioformyl-meso-tetraarylporphyrins generated in situ after the addition of Lawesson's reagent to a solution of 2-benzoylamino-3-formyl-meso-tetraarylporphyrins in refluxing toluene underwent a homolytic cleavage to produce nitrogen-sulfur radicals. Subsequently, the formation of a new N-S bond through an intramolecular cascade radical coupling provided direct access to novel β-isothiazole-fused porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Mahendra Nath
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
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12
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Kumari A, Kumar Mondal P, Verma P, Mahato P, S S, Mandal K, Polentarutti M, Lakshmanna Yapamanu A, Sankar J. A Bis-Porphyrin Cavitand Breathing-In to Constrict Bucky Balls. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401284. [PMID: 38642344 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Bis-porphyrin cages have long been exploited to bind fullerenes selectively for various applications. The major consideration for an effective binding here had been the cavity size. Herein, we structurally demonstrate that a bis-Ni-porphyrin cavitand having even a smaller cavity can host a larger fullerene by a breathing and ruffling mechanism. It has also been shown that both the electronic and steric influence at the meso- positions of the porphyrin in fact dictate the binding character. The smaller cavity of 2NiD exhibits preferential binding for C70 over C60; however, surprisingly, the larger cavities in 2HD and 2NiTD display stronger affinities for C60 over the larger fullerene. We show here that the structural elasticity infused both by the metalloporphyrins and the connecting bridges play a major role in directing the binding. These conclusions have adequately been supported by structural and spectroscopic investigations. Additionally, the suitability of one of the conjugates for photoinduced charge-separation has been investigated using ultrafast transient absorption measurements. 2NiD⊃C60 has a charge separation timescale of ~0.8 ps, while charge recombination occurs at a longer timescale of ~920 ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India -, 462066
| | - Pradip Kumar Mondal
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Preetika Verma
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India -, 695551
| | - Paritosh Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India -, 462066
| | - Sujesh S
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India -, 462066
| | - Koushik Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India -, 462066
| | - Maurizio Polentarutti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Adithya Lakshmanna Yapamanu
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India -, 695551
| | - Jeyaraman Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India -, 462066
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13
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Corredoira-Vázquez J, González-Barreira C, Sanmartín-Matalobos J, García-Deibe AM, Fondo M. Exploring the Spatial Arrangement of Simple 18-Membered Hexaazatetraamine Macrocyclic Ligands in Their Metal Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6802. [PMID: 38928512 PMCID: PMC11203486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hexaazamacrocyclic Schiff bases have been extensively combined with lanthanoid (Ln) ions to obtain complexes with a highly axial geometry. However, the use of flexible hexaazatetraamine macrocycles containing two pyridines and acyclic spacers is rather uncommon. Accordingly, we obtained [DyL(OAc)2]OAc·7H2O·EtOH and [DyLMe2(Cl)2]Cl·2H2O, where L and LMe2 are the 18-membered macrocycles 3,6,10,13-tetraaza-1,8(2,6)-dipyridinacyclotetradecaphane and 3,10-dimethyl-3,6,10,13-tetraaza-1,8(2,6)-dipyridinacyclotetradecaphane, respectively, which contain ethylene and methylethylene spacers between their N3 moieties. [DyL(OAc)2]OAc·7H2O·EtOH represents the first crystallographically characterized lanthanoid complex of L, while [DyLMe2(Cl)2]Cl·2H2O contributes to increasing the scarce number of LnIII compounds containing LMe2. Furthermore, the crystal structure of L·12H2O was solved, and it was compared with those of other related macrocycles previously published. Likewise, the crystal structures of the DyIII complexes were compared with those of the lanthanoid and d-metal complexes of other 18-membered N6 donor macrocycles. This comparison showed some effect of the spacers employed, as well as the influence of the size of the ancillary ligands and the metal ion. Additionally, the distinct folding behaviors of these macrocycles influenced their coordination geometries. Moreover, the luminescent properties of [DyL(OAc)2]OAc·7H2O·EtOH and [DyLMe2(Cl)2]Cl·2H2O were also investigated, showing that both complexes are fluorescent, with the emission being sensitized by the ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Corredoira-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Química, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (J.C.-V.); (C.G.-B.); (J.S.-M.)
- Phantom-g, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Institute of Materials (iMATUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina González-Barreira
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Química, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (J.C.-V.); (C.G.-B.); (J.S.-M.)
| | - Jesús Sanmartín-Matalobos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Química, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (J.C.-V.); (C.G.-B.); (J.S.-M.)
- Institute of Materials (iMATUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana M. García-Deibe
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Química, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (J.C.-V.); (C.G.-B.); (J.S.-M.)
| | - Matilde Fondo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Química, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (J.C.-V.); (C.G.-B.); (J.S.-M.)
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14
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Yadav SK, Patter A, Sankar M. Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Binuclear Oxidovanadium(IV) Bisbenzimidazole Linked Porphyrin Dimer for the Generation of Biologically Active 3,4-Dihydropyrimidinones and Their Corresponding Thiones. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11102-11112. [PMID: 38831586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Binuclear vanadyl(IV) porphyrin (V2BP), where two vanadium(IV) porphyrin macrocycles are linked through benzimidazole units at the β-positions, has been prepared and characterized with various techniques, such as UV-vis, Fourier transform-infrared, electron paramagnetic resonance, cyclic voltammetry, density functional transform calculations, and mass spectrometry. V2BP exhibits a red shift (Δλmax = 10 nm) in the Soret band as compared with unsubstituted parent vanadyl(IV) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (VP). The synthesized binuclear vanadyl(IV) porphyrin (V2BP) has further been studied as a catalyst to explore a single-pot multicomponent Biginelli reaction producing biologically active 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one (DHPM)-based biomolecules and the corresponding thiones under solvent-free conditions and its catalytic activity has been compared with vanadyl(IV) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (VP). Several reaction conditions, such as the amount of catalyst, time, solvent, and temperature, have been optimized to obtain the maximum yield of DHPMs or thiones. The synthesized β-functionalized V2BP porphyrin dimer manifests much higher conversion (84-95% yield) of DHPMs or the corresponding thiones under the optimized reaction conditions with high TON (4454-5037) and TOF (1113-1259 h-1) values for the one-pot multicomponent Biginelli reaction as compared to the literature. The catalyst exhibited excellent recyclability up to 10 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Akhil Patter
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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15
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Quadrado RFN, Silvestri S, de Souza JF, Iglesias BA, Fajardo AR. Advances in porphyrins and chlorins associated with polysaccharides and polysaccharides-based materials for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 334:122017. [PMID: 38553216 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the convergence of advanced materials and innovative applications has fostered notable scientific progress within the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Porphyrins and their derivatives, distinguished by an extended conjugated π-electron system, have a relevant role in propelling these advancements, especially in drug delivery systems, photodynamic therapy, wound healing, and (bio)sensing. However, despite their promise, the practical clinical application of these macrocycles is hindered by their inherent challenges of low solubility and instability under physiological conditions. To address this limitation, researchers have exploited the synergistic association of porphyrins and chlorins with polysaccharides by engineering conjugated systems and composite/hybrid materials. This review compiles the principal advances in this growing research field, elucidating fundamental principles and critically examining the applications of such materials within biomedical and pharmaceutical contexts. Additionally, the review addresses the eventual challenges and outlines future perspectives for this poignant research field. It is expected that this review will serve as a comprehensive guide for students and researchers dedicated to exploring state-of-the-art materials for contemporary medicine and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael F N Quadrado
- Laboratório de Tecnologia e Desenvolvimento de Compósitos e Materiais Poliméricos (LaCoPol), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão s/n, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Siara Silvestri
- Laboratório de Tecnologia e Desenvolvimento de Compósitos e Materiais Poliméricos (LaCoPol), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão s/n, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Engenharia de Meio Ambiente (LEMA), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Campus Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline F de Souza
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Materiais Porfirínicos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Campus Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo A Iglesias
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Materiais Porfirínicos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Campus Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - André R Fajardo
- Laboratório de Tecnologia e Desenvolvimento de Compósitos e Materiais Poliméricos (LaCoPol), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão s/n, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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16
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Osadchuk I, Luts HE, Zahharova A, Tamm T, Borovkov V. Controlling Chirogenic Effects in Porphyrin Based Supramolecular Systems: Theoretical Analysis Versus Experimental Observations. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400104. [PMID: 38693766 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy is a widely employed method for studying chiral analysis, requiring the presence of a chromophore close to a chiral centre. Porphyrinoids are found to be one of the best chromophoric systems serving for this purpose and enabling the application of ECD spectroscopy for chirality determination across diverse classes of organic compounds. Consequently, it is crucial to understand the induction mechanisms of ECD in the porphyrin-based complexes. The present study explores systematically the influence of secondary chromophores, bonded to an achiral zinc porphyrin or to chiral guest molecules, on the B-region of ECD spectra using the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. The study analyses the impact of change in both the conformation of achiral porphyrin (host) and change in position and conformation of chiral organic molecule (guest) on the B-band of ECD spectra (energy, intensity, sign of Cotton effect). Finally, conclusions made on model complexes are applied to published experimental data, contributing to a deeper understanding of various factors influencing ECD spectra in chiral systems. In addition, a computer program aimed to help rationalise ECD spectra by visualizing corresponding orbital energies, rotatory strengths, electric and magnetic transition moments, and angles between them, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Osadchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Hanna-Eliisa Luts
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Aleksandra Zahharova
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Toomas Tamm
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Victor Borovkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
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17
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Rajput SS, Raghuvanshi N, Banana T, Yadav P, Alam MM. Why does the orientation of azulene affect the two-photon activity of a porphyrinoid-azulene system? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15611-15619. [PMID: 38758026 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00438h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Attaching a dipolar molecule in a symmetric system induces a major change in the electronic structure, which may be reflected as the enhancement of the optical and charge-transfer properties of the combined system as compared to the pristine ones. Furthermore, the orientation of the dipolar molecule may also affect the said properties. This idea is explored in this work by taking porphyrinoid molecules as the pristine systems. We attached azulene, a dipolar molecule, at various positions of five porphyrinoid cores and studied the effect on charge-transfer and one- and two-photon absorption properties using the state-of-the-art RICC2 method. The attachment of azulene produces two major effects - firstly it introduces asymmetry in the system and, secondly, being dipolar, it makes the resultant molecule dipolar/quadrupolar. Porphyrin, N-confused porphyrin, sub-porphyrin, sapphyrin, and hexaphyrin are used as core porphyrinoid systems. The change in charge-transfer has been studied using the orbital analysis and charge-transfer distance parameter for the first five singlet states of the systems. The effect of orientation of azulene on the said properties is also explored. The insights gained from our observations are explored further at the dipole and transition dipole moment levels using a three-state model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh-491001, India.
| | - Nikita Raghuvanshi
- Centre for Basic Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Tejendra Banana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh-491001, India.
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh-491001, India.
| | - Md Mehboob Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh-491001, India.
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18
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Kostyuk AI, Rapota DD, Morozova KI, Fedotova AA, Jappy D, Semyanov AV, Belousov VV, Brazhe NA, Bilan DS. Modern optical approaches in redox biology: Genetically encoded sensors and Raman spectroscopy. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 217:68-115. [PMID: 38508405 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the current review is to summarize the current state of optical methods in redox biology. It consists of two parts, the first is dedicated to genetically encoded fluorescent indicators and the second to Raman spectroscopy. In the first part, we provide a detailed classification of the currently available redox biosensors based on their target analytes. We thoroughly discuss the main architecture types of these proteins, the underlying engineering strategies for their development, the biochemical properties of existing tools and their advantages and disadvantages from a practical point of view. Particular attention is paid to fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy as a possible readout technique, since it is less prone to certain artifacts than traditional intensiometric measurements. In the second part, the characteristic Raman peaks of the most important redox intermediates are listed, and examples of how this knowledge can be implemented in biological studies are given. This part covers such fields as estimation of the redox states and concentrations of Fe-S clusters, cytochromes, other heme-containing proteins, oxidative derivatives of thiols, lipids, and nucleotides. Finally, we touch on the issue of multiparameter imaging, in which biosensors are combined with other visualization methods for simultaneous assessment of several cellular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Kostyuk
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Diana D Rapota
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Kseniia I Morozova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Anna A Fedotova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - David Jappy
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexey V Semyanov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119435, Russia; College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314001, China
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, 143025, Russia
| | - Nadezda A Brazhe
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Dmitry S Bilan
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
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19
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Sharma M, Brückner C, Zeller M. Crystal structure of (6,9-diacetyl-5,10,15,20-tetra-phenyl-secochlorinato)nickel(II). Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2024; 80:649-653. [PMID: 38845721 PMCID: PMC11151305 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989024004717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Title compound 1Ni, [Ni(C46H32N4O2)], a secochlorin nickel complex, was prepared by diol cleavage of a precursor trans-di-hydroxy-dimethyl-chlorin. Two crystallographically independent mol-ecules in the structure are related by pseudo-A lattice centering, with mol-ecules differing mainly by a rotation of one of the acetyls and an adjacent phenyl groups. The two mol-ecules have virtually identical conformations characterized by noticeable in-plane deformation in the A1g mode and a prominent out-of-plane deformation in the B1u (ruffling) mode. Directional inter-actions between mol-ecules are scarce, limited to just a few C-H⋯O contacts, and inter-molecular inter-actions are mostly dispersive in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, CT, 06269-3060, USA
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, CT, 06269-3060, USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA
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20
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Raslin A, Sercel ZP, Fridman N, Saltsman I, Gross Z. Surprising Route to a Monoazaporphyrin and Full Characterization of Its Complexes with Five Different 3d Metals. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7828-7837. [PMID: 38631042 PMCID: PMC11061829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In the search for mild agents for the oxidative cyclization of tetrapyrromethane to the corresponding corrole, we discovered a route that leads to a monoazaporphyrin with three meso-CF3 groups. Optimization studies that allowed access to appreciable amounts of this new macrocycle paved the way for the preparation of its cobalt, copper, nickel, zinc, and iron complexes. All complexes were fully characterized by various spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallography. Their photophysical and electrochemical properties were determined and compared to those of analogous porphyrins in order to deduce the effect of the peripheral N atom. Considering the global efforts for designing efficient alternatives to platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts, they were also absorbed onto a porous carbon electrode material and studied as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The cobalt complex was found to be operative at a quite positive catalytic onset potential and with good selectivity for the desirable 4-electrons/4-protons pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Raslin
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Zachary P. Sercel
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Irena Saltsman
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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21
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Palanisamy S, Singh A, Zhang B, Zhao Q, Benjakul S. Effects of Different Phenolic Compounds on the Redox State of Myoglobin and Prevention of Discoloration, Lipid and Protein Oxidation of Refrigerated Longtail Tuna ( Thunnus tonggol) Slices. Foods 2024; 13:1238. [PMID: 38672909 PMCID: PMC11048871 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Effects of different phenolic compounds on the redox state of myoglobin and their potential for preserving the color and chemical quality of refrigerated longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) slices were studied. Purified myoglobin from dark muscle (15.83 kDa) was prepared. Catechin, EGCG, quercetin, and hyperoside affected the absorption spectra and redox state of metmyoglobin (metMb) at 4 °C for up to 72 h differently. Reduction of metMb to oxymyoglobin (oxyMb) was notably observed for two flavonols (EGCG and quercetin) at 50 and 100 ppm. Based on the reducing ability of metMb, EGCG and quercetin were selected for further study. Longtail tuna slices were treated with EGCG and quercetin at 200 and 400 mg/kg. Color (a* and a*/b*), proportion of myoglobin content, and quality changes were monitored over 72 h at 4 °C. Tuna slices treated with 200 mg/kg EGCG showed better maintenance of oxyMb and color as well as lower lipid oxidation (PV and TBARS) and protein oxidation (carbonyl content) than the remaining samples. Nevertheless, EGCG at 400 mg/kg exhibited lower efficacy in retaining the quality of tuna slices. Thus, EGCG at 200 mg/kg could be used to maintain the color and prolong the shelf life of refrigerated longtail tuna slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguna Palanisamy
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (S.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Avtar Singh
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (S.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Bin Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China;
| | - Qiancheng Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China;
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; (S.P.); (A.S.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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22
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Kidd SR, Zhou W, Warren JJ, Leznoff DB. Inducing ring distortions in unsubstituted metallophthalocyanines using axial N-heterocyclic carbenes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6537-6546. [PMID: 38498318 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00528g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
A series of metallophthalocyanine (PcM) complexes with axial N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHC; 1,3-diisopropylimidazol-2-ylidene (DIP) and 1,3-dimethylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene (DMB)) were prepared and structurally characterized. PcCoII(DIP), PcZnII(DIP), and PcZnII(DMB) are five-coordinate complexes with mild dome-type Pc-ring distortions, while PcFeII(DIP)2 is six-coordinate and has a very large ruffle-type ring-distortion with respect to typical PcM(L)2 systems. The distortion is induced by the highly steric axial DIP ligands. The distortions were quantified and classified by their bond lengths and torsion angles, and according to the normal-coordinate structural decomposition (NSD) analysis. Upon ligation of the NHC, the insoluble PcM materials were solublized in common organic solvents, with typical UV-visible Q-band maxima observable between 658 and 677 nm; the increased solubility is rationalized in terms of the reduced solid-state aggregation of the complexes, attributable to the axial ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Kidd
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Chemistry, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Wen Zhou
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Chemistry, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey J Warren
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Chemistry, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Daniel B Leznoff
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Chemistry, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Mukhopadhyaya A, Ali ME. Can Iron-Porphyrins Behave as Single-Molecule Magnets? J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38504619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The study of magnetic properties, especially the magnetic anisotropy of iron-porphyrin complexes employing multiconfigurational methods, is quite challenging due to many strongly correlated electrons in nearly degenerate orbitals. However, a prerequisite for observing the magnetic anisotropy and slow magnetization relaxation, the zero-field splitting parameter, D, was experimentally observed decades ago for halide-based axially ligated penta-coordinate Fe(III)-porphyrins. In these complexes, the signs of D were reported mostly as positive; in a few cases, inconclusive signs of the D parameter were also mentioned. However, no ab initio calculations have been reported to shed light on this. Deciphering the electronic structure of these penta-coordinated complexes employing the complete active space self-consistent field method and N-electron valence second-order perturbation theory, we confirm the positive D values. However, a negative D value is highly desired to observe the single-molecule magnet properties without an external magnetic field, which we observed in the Fe(II)-porphyrin complexes with axial imidazole ligands instead of halide ligands. The detailed analysis of the multireference wave functions unravels the role of axial ligands in determining the sign and magnitude of the D parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Ehesan Ali
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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24
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Kazmierczak NP, Lopez NE, Luedecke KM, Hadt RG. Determining the key vibrations for spin relaxation in ruffled Cu(ii) porphyrins via resonance Raman spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2380-2390. [PMID: 38362417 PMCID: PMC10866354 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05774g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pinpointing vibrational mode contributions to electron spin relaxation (T1) constitutes a key goal for developing molecular quantum bits (qubits) with long room-temperature coherence times. However, there remains no consensus to date as to the energy and symmetry of the relevant modes that drive relaxation. Here, we analyze a series of three geometrically-tunable S = ½ Cu(ii) porphyrins with varying degrees of ruffling distortion in the ground state. Theoretical calculations predict that increased distortion should activate low-energy ruffling modes (∼50 cm-1) for spin-phonon coupling, thereby causing faster spin relaxation in distorted porphyrins. However, experimental T1 times do not follow the degree of ruffling, with the highly distorted copper tetraisopropylporphyrin (CuTiPP) even displaying room-temperature coherence. Local mode fitting indicates that the true vibrations dominating T1 lie in the energy regime of bond stretches (∼200-300 cm-1), which are comparatively insensitive to the degree of ruffling. We employ resonance Raman (rR) spectroscopy to determine vibrational modes possessing both the correct energy and symmetry to drive spin-phonon coupling. The rR spectra uncover a set of mixed symmetric stretch vibrations from 200-250 cm-1 that explain the trends in temperature-dependent T1. These results indicate that molecular spin-phonon coupling models systematically overestimate the contribution of ultra-low-energy distortion modes to T1, pointing out a key deficiency of existing theory. Furthermore, this work highlights the untapped power of rR spectroscopy as a tool for building spin dynamics structure-property relationships in molecular quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael P Kazmierczak
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA
| | - Nathan E Lopez
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA
| | - Kaitlin M Luedecke
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA
| | - Ryan G Hadt
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA
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25
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Hemmer K, Kronawitter SM, Grover N, Twamley B, Cokoja M, Fischer RA, Kieslich G, Senge MO. Understanding and Controlling Molecular Compositions and Properties in Mixed-Linker Porphyrin Metal-Organic Frameworks. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:2122-2130. [PMID: 38205788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are attractive materials for photo- and thermally activated catalysis due to their unique structural features related to the porphyrin moiety, guest-accessible porosity, and high chemical tunability. In this study, we report the synthetic incorporation of nonplanar β-ethyl-functionalized porphyrin linkers into the framework structure of PCN-222, obtaining a solid-solution series of materials with different modified linker contents. Comprehensive analysis by a combination of characterization techniques, such as NMR, UV-vis and IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and N2 sorption analysis, allows for the confirmation of linker incorporation. A detailed structural analysis of intrinsic material properties, such as the thermal response of the different materials, underlines the complexity of synthesizing and understanding such materials. This study presents a blueprint for synthesizing and analyzing porphyrin-based mixed-linker MOF systems and highlights the hurdles of characterizing such materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Hemmer
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Silva M Kronawitter
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Nitika Grover
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin D02R590, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mirza Cokoja
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gregor Kieslich
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin D02R590, Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Focus Group - Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nanosystems, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenberg-Str. 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany
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26
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Sun H, Li L, Guo R, Wang Z, Guo Y, Li Z, Song F. Suppressing ACQ of molecular photosensitizers by distorting the conjugated-plane for enhanced tumor photodynamic therapy. Chem Sci 2024; 15:940-952. [PMID: 38239684 PMCID: PMC10793593 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05041f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-AIE-type molecular photosensitizers (PSs) suffer from the aggregation-caused-quenching (ACQ) effect in an aqueous medium due to the strong hydrophobic and π-π interactions of their conjugated planes, which significantly hinders the enhancement of tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT). So far, some ionic PSs have been reported with good water-solubility, though the ACQ effect can still be induced in a biological environment rich in ions, leading to unsatisfactory in vivo delivery and fluorescence imaging performance. Hence, designing molecular PSs with outstanding anti-ACQ properties in water is highly desirable, but it remains a tough challenge for non-AIE-type fluorophores. Herein, we demonstrated a strategy for the design of porphyrin-type molecular PSs with remarkable solubility and anti-ACQ properties in an aqueous medium, which was assisted by quantum chemical simulations. It was found that cationic branched side chains can induce serious plane distortion in diphenyl porphyrin (DPP), which was not observed for tetraphenyl porphyrin (TPP) with the same side chains. Moreover, the hydrophilicity of the chain spacer is also crucial to the plane distortion for attaining the desired anti-ACQ properties. Compared to ACQ porphyrin, anti-ACQ porphyrin displayed type-I ROS generation in hypoxia and much higher tumor accumulation efficacy by blood circulation, leading to highly efficient in vivo PDT for hypoxic tumors. This study demonstrates the power of sidechain chemistry in tuning the configuration and aggregation behaviors of porphyrins in water, offering a new path to boost the performance of PSs to fulfill the increasing clinical demands on cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sun
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Lukun Li
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Ruihua Guo
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University Haikou Hainan 570228 China
| | - Yanhui Guo
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Zhiliang Li
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Fengling Song
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
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27
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Dutton KG, Jones TJ, Emge TJ, Lipke MC. Cage Match: Comparing the Anion Binding Ability of Isostructural Versus Isofunctional Pairs of Metal-Organic Nanocages. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303013. [PMID: 37907394 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Affinities of six anions (mesylate, acetate, trifluoroacetate, p-toluenecarboxylate, p-toluenesulfonate, and perfluorooctanoate) for three related Pt2+ -linked porphyrin nanocages were measured to probe the influence of different noncovalent recognition motifs (e. g., hydrogen bonding, electrostatics, π bonding) on anion binding. Two new hosts of M6 L3 12+ (1b) and M4 L2 8+ (2) composition (M=(en)Pt2+ , L=(3-py)4 porphyrin) were prepared in a one-pot synthesis and allowed comparison of hosts that differ in structure while maintaining similar N-H hydrogen-bond donor ability. Comparisons of isostructural hosts that differ in hydrogen-bonding ability were made between 1b and a related M6 L3 12+ nanoprism (1a, M=(tmeda)Pt2+ ) that lacks N-H groups. Considerable variation in association constants (K1 =1.6×103 M-1 to 1.3×108 M-1 ) and binding mode (exo vs. endo) were found for different host-guest combinations. Strongest binding was seen between p-toluenecarboxylate and 1b, but surprisingly, association of this guest with 1a was only slightly weaker despite the absence of NH⋅⋅⋅O interactions. The high affinity between p-toluenecarboxylate and 1a could be turned off by protonation, and this behavior was used to toggle between the binding of this guest and the environmental pollutant perfluorooctanoate, which otherwise has a lower affinity for the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn G Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, 123 Bevier Road Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Taro J Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, 123 Bevier Road Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Thomas J Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, 123 Bevier Road Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Mark C Lipke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, 123 Bevier Road Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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28
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Zareie AR, Dabral P, Verma SC. G-Quadruplexes in the Regulation of Viral Gene Expressions and Their Impacts on Controlling Infection. Pathogens 2024; 13:60. [PMID: 38251367 PMCID: PMC10819198 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are noncanonical nucleic acid structures that play significant roles in regulating various biological processes, including replication, transcription, translation, and recombination. Recent studies have identified G4s in the genomes of several viruses, such as herpes viruses, hepatitis viruses, and human coronaviruses. These structures are implicated in regulating viral transcription, replication, and virion production, influencing viral infectivity and pathogenesis. G4-stabilizing ligands, like TMPyP4, PhenDC3, and BRACO19, show potential antiviral properties by targeting and stabilizing G4 structures, inhibiting essential viral life-cycle processes. This review delves into the existing literature on G4's involvement in viral regulation, emphasizing specific G4-stabilizing ligands. While progress has been made in understanding how these ligands regulate viruses, further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms through which G4s impact viral processes. More research is necessary to develop G4-stabilizing ligands as novel antiviral agents. The increasing body of literature underscores the importance of G4s in viral biology and the development of innovative therapeutic strategies against viral infections. Despite some ligands' known regulatory effects on viruses, a deeper comprehension of the multifaceted impact of G4s on viral processes is essential. This review advocates for intensified research to unravel the intricate relationship between G4s and viral processes, paving the way for novel antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Subhash C. Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 N Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (A.R.Z.); (P.D.)
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29
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Ranieri D, Privitera A, Santanni F, Urbanska K, Strachan GJ, Twamley B, Salvadori E, Liao YK, Chiesa M, Senge MO, Totti F, Sorace L, Sessoli R. A Heterometallic Porphyrin Dimer as a Potential Quantum Gate: Magneto-Structural Correlations and Spin Coherence Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312936. [PMID: 37812016 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In the development of two-qubit quantum gates, precise control over the intramolecular spin-spin interaction between molecular spin units plays a pivotal role. A weak but measurable exchange coupling is especially important for achieving selective spin addressability that allows controlled manipulation of the computational basis states |00⟩ |01⟩ |10⟩ |11⟩ by microwave pulses. Here, we report the synthesis and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) study of a heterometallic meso-meso (m-m) singly-linked VIV O-CuII porphyrin dimer. X-band continuous wave EPR measurements in frozen solutions suggest a ferromagnetic exchange coupling of ca. 8 ⋅ 10-3 cm-1 . This estimation is supported by Density Functional Theory calculations, which also allow disentangling the ferro- and antiferromagnetic contributions to the exchange. Pulsed EPR experiments show that the dimer maintains relaxation times similar to the monometallic CuII porphyrins. The addressability of the two individual spins is made possible by the different g-tensors of VIV and CuII -ions, in contrast to homometallic dimers where tilting of the porphyrin planes plays a key role. Therefore, single-spin addressability in the heterometallic dimer can be maintained even with small tilting angles, as expected when deposited on surface, unlocking the full potential of molecular quantum gates for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ranieri
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alberto Privitera
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Fabio Santanni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Karolina Urbanska
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02R590, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grant J Strachan
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02R590, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Enrico Salvadori
- Department of Chemistry and NIS, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Yu-Kai Liao
- Department of Chemistry and NIS, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Chiesa
- Department of Chemistry and NIS, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02R590, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Focus Group-Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nano-systems, Lichtenberg-Str.2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Federico Totti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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30
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Lee H, Lee M, Hwang JH, Kim I, Lee E, Jang WD. Recognition of atomic-level difference in porphyrin dyads for self-sorted supramolecular polymer growth. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18224-18232. [PMID: 37942951 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04851a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin dyads (PDMs, where M = Zn and Cu) composed of diphenylporphyrin and tetraphenylporphyrin units, designated as DPDMs and TPDMs, respectively, exhibited remarkable differences in the molecular assemblies depending on the coordination metal ion. Furthermore, TPDMs showed self-sorting behavior during the formation of supramolecular assemblies through the recognition of atomic-level difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosoowi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minhyeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Ho Hwang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inhye Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunji Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Xu Q, Chen J, Wang Y, Wang D, Xu X, Xia J, Zhang KL, Zhou X, Fan W, Wang Z, Hou C, Sun D. Guest-Stimulated Nonplanar Porphyrins in Flexible Metal-Organic Frameworks. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304771. [PMID: 37394703 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Nonplanar porphyrins with out-of-plane distortions play crucial roles in many biological functions and chemical applications. The artificial construction of nonplanar porphyrins usually involves organic synthesis and modification, which is a highly comprehensive approach. However, incorporating porphyrins into guest-stimulated flexible systems allows to manipulate the porphyrin distortion through simple ad/desorption of guest molecules. Here, a series of porphyrinic zirconium metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is reported that exhibit guest-stimulated breathing behavior. X-Ray diffraction analysis and skeleton deviation plots confirm that the material suffers from porphyrin distortion to form a ruffled geometry under the desorption of guest molecules. Further investigation reveals that not only the degree of nonplanarity can be precisely manipulated but also the partial distortion of porphyrin in a single crystal grain can be readily achieved. As Lewis acidic catalyst, the MOF with nonplanar Co-porphyrin exhibits active properties in catalyzing CO2 /propylene oxide coupling reactions. This porphyrin distortion system provides a powerful tool for manipulating nonplanar porphyrins in MOFs with individual distortion profiles for various advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Jishi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Yujun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Dongjuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhen Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Qingdao Boting Hydrogen Age Ocean Technol R&D Ctr, Qingdao Boting Technol. Co. Ltd., Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Jianfei Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Kou-Lin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Chuantao Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Daofeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
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32
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Prajapati B, Ambhore MD, Dang DK, Chmielewski PJ, Lis T, Gómez-García CJ, Zimmerman PM, Stępień M. Tetrafluorenofulvalene as a sterically frustrated open-shell alkene. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1541-1548. [PMID: 37783726 PMCID: PMC10624625 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Electronic and steric effects are known to greatly influence the structure, characteristics and reactivity of organic compounds. A typical π bond is weakened by oxidation (corresponding to the removal of electrons from bonding orbitals), by reduction (through addition of electrons to antibonding orbitals) and by unpairing of the bonding electrons, such as in the triplet state. Here we describe tetrafluorenofulvalene (TFF), a twisted, open-shell alkene for which these general rules do not hold. Through the synthesis, experimental characterization and computational analysis of its charged species spanning seven redox states, the central alkene bond in TFF is shown to become substantially stronger in the tri- and tetraanion, generated by chemical reduction. Furthermore, although its triplet state contains a weaker alkene bond than the singlet, in the quintet state its bond order increases substantially, yielding a flatter structure. This behaviour originates from the doubly bifurcated topology of the underlying spin system and can be rationalized by the balancing effects of benzenoid aromaticity and spin pairing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Duy-Khoi Dang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Carlos J Gómez-García
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna, Spain
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wrocław, Poland.
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33
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Phung QM, Nam HN, Saitow M. Unraveling the Spin-State Energetics of FeN 4 Complexes with Ab Initio Methods. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7544-7556. [PMID: 37651105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A systematic analysis was conducted to explore the spin-state energetics of a series of 19 FeN4 complexes. The performance of a large number of multireference methods was assessed, highlighting the significant challenges associated with accurately describing the spin-state energetics of FeN4 complexes. Most multireference methods were found to be susceptible to errors originating from the reference CASSCF wavefunction, leading to an overstabilization of high-spin states. Nonetheless, a few multireference methods, namely, CASPT2/CC, DSRG-MRPT3, and LDSRG(2), demonstrated promising performance compared to the benchmark CCSD(T) method. Furthermore, our study revealed that FeN4 complexes having a quintet ground state are exceedingly rare. Accordingly, only one specific model (Fe(L2)) and one synthesized complex (Fe(OTBP)) have the quintet ground state among the studied complexes. This scarcity of quintet FeN4 complexes highlights the unique nature of these systems and raises intriguing questions regarding the factors influencing spin states, such as the size of the macrocycle cavity, the introduction of substituents, or the induction of out-of-plane deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Manh Phung
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ho Ngoc Nam
- Institute of Materials Innovation, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masaaki Saitow
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
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34
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Osadchuk I, Luts HE, Norvaiša K, Borovkov V, Senge MO. Supramolecular Chirogenesis in a Sterically Hindered Porphyrin: A Critical Theoretical Analysis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301408. [PMID: 37227167 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The determination of molecular stereochemistry and absolute configuration is an important part of modern chemistry, pharmacology, and biology. Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy is a widely used tool for chirality assignment, especially with porphyrin macrocycles employed as reporter chromophores. However, the mechanisms of induced ECD in porphyrin complexes are yet to be comprehensively rationalized. In this work, the ECD spectra of a sterically hindered hexa-cationic porphyrin with two camphorsulfonic acids in dichloromethane and chloroform were experimentally measured and computationally analyzed. The influence of geometric factors such as the position of chiral guest molecules, distortion of the porphyrin macrocycle, and orientation of aromatic and non-aromatic peripheral substituents on the ECD spectra was theoretically studied. Various potential pitfalls, such as a lack of significant conformations and accidental agreement of experimental and simulated spectra, are considered and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Osadchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Hanna-Eliisa Luts
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Karolis Norvaiša
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02R590, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Victor Borovkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02R590, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenberg Str. 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
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35
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Bhowmick R, Roy Chowdhury S, Vlaisavljevich B. Molecular Geometry and Electronic Structure of Copper Corroles. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13877-13891. [PMID: 37590888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Copper corroles are known for their unique multiconfigurational electronic structures in the ground state, which arise from the transfer of electrons from the π orbitals of the corrole to the d-orbital of copper. While density functional theory (DFT) provides reasonably good molecular geometries, the determination of the ground spin state and the associated energetics is heavily influenced by functional choice, particularly the percentage of the Hartree-Fock exchange. Using extended multireference perturbation theory methods (XMS-CASPT2), the functional choice can be assessed. The molecular geometries and electronic structures of both the unsubstituted and the meso-triphenyl copper corroles were investigated. A minimal active space was employed for structural characterization, while larger active spaces are required to examine the electronic structure. The XMS-CASPT2 investigations conclusively identify the ground electronic state as a multiconfigurational singlet (S0) with three dominant electronic configurations in its lowest energy and characteristic saddled structure. In contrast, the planar geometry corresponds to the triplet state (T0), which is approximately 5 kcal/mol higher in energy compared to the S0 state for both the bare and substituted copper corroles. Notably, the planarity of the T0 geometry is reduced in the substituted corrole compared with that in the unsubstituted one. By analyzing the potential energy surface (PES) between the S0 and T0 geometries using XMS-CASPT2, the multiconfigurational electronic structure is shown to transition toward a single electron configuration as the saddling angle decreases (i.e., as one approaches the planar geometry). Despite the ability of the functionals to reproduce the minimum energy structures, only the TPSSh-D3 PES is reasonably close to the XMS-CASPT2 surface. Significant deviations along the PES are observed with other functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Bhowmick
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Sabyasachi Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
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36
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Guberman-Pfeffer MJ. Structural Determinants of Redox Conduction Favor Robustness over Tunability in Microbial Cytochrome Nanowires. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7148-7161. [PMID: 37552847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Structural determinants of a 103-fold variation in electrical conductivity for helical homopolymers of tetra-, hexa-, and octa-heme cytochromes (named Omc- E, S, and Z, respectively) from Geobacter sulfurreducens are investigated with the Pathways model for electron tunneling, classical molecular dynamics, and hybrid quantum/classical molecular mechanics. Thermally averaged electronic couplings for through-space heme-to-heme electron transfer in the "nanowires" computed with density functional theory are ≤0.015 eV. Pathways analyses also indicate that couplings match within a factor of 5 for all "nanowires", but some alternative tunneling routes are found involving covalent protein backbone bonds (Omc- S and Z) or propionic acid-ligating His H-bonds on adjacent hemes (OmcZ). Reorganization energies computed from electrostatic vertical energy gaps or a version of the Marcus continuum expression parameterized on the total (donor + acceptor) solvent-accessible surface area typically agree within 20% and fall within the range 0.48-0.98 eV. Reaction free energies in all three "nanowires" are ≤|0.28| eV, even though Coulombic interactions primarily tune the site redox energies by 0.7-1.2 eV. Given the conserved energetic parameters, redox conductivity differs by < 103-fold among the cytochrome "nanowires". Redox currents do not exceed 3.0 × 10-3 pA at a physiologically relevant 0.1 V bias, with the slowest electron transfers being on a (μs) timescale much faster than typical (ms) enzymatic turnovers. Thus, the "nanowires" are proposed to be functionally robust to variations in structure that provide a habitat-customized protein interface. The 30 pA to 30 nA variation in conductivity previously reported from atomic force microscopy experiments is not intrinsic to the structures and/or does not result from the physiologically relevant redox conduction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Guberman-Pfeffer
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, 840 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
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37
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Chen CK, Ho JC, Hung CC, Chen WC, Satoh T, Chen WC. Sustained Flexible Photonic Transistor Memories Based on Fully Natural Floating Gate Electrets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37428837 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Photonic transistor memory with high-speed communication and energy-saving capabilities has emerged as a new data storage technology. However, most floating-gate electrets are composed of quantum dots derived from petroleum or metals, which are either toxic or harmful to the environment. In this study, an environmentally friendly floating-gate electret made entirely from biomass-derived materials was designed for photonic memories. The results show that the photosensitive hemin and its derivative protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) were successfully embedded in a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. Correspondingly, their disparate photochemistry and core structure strongly affected the photosensitivity and charge-trapping capacity of the prepared electrets. With an appropriate energy-level alignment, the interlayer exciton formed with the correct alignment of energy levels within the PPIX/PLA electret. In addition, the demetallized core offered a unique relaxation dynamic and additional trapping sites to consolidate the charges. Correspondingly, the as-prepared device exhibited a memory ratio of up to 2.5 × 107 with photo-writing-electrical-erasing characteristics. Conversely, hemin demonstrated self-charge transfer during relaxation, making it challenging for the device to store the charges and exhibit a photorecovery behavior. Furthermore, the effect of trapping site discreteness on memory performance was also investigated. The photoactive components were effectively distributed due to the high dipole-dipole interaction between the PLA matrix and PPIX, resulting in a sustained memory performance for at least 104 s after light removal. The photonic memory was also realized on a bio-derived dielectric flexible substrate. Accordingly, a reliable photorecording behavior was observed, wherein, even after 1000 cycles of bending under a 5 mm bending radius, the data was retained for more than 104 s. To our knowledge, it is the first time that a two-pronged approach has been used to improve the performance of photonic memories while addressing the issue of sustainability with a biodegradable electret made entirely from natural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Kai Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Chieh Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Jouypazadeh H, Arshadi S, Cespedes Panduro B, Kumar A, Habibzadeh S, Ahmadi S, Vessally E. Metalloporphyrin reduced C70 fullerenes as adsorbents and detectors of ethenone; A DFT, NBO, and TD-DFT study. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 122:108481. [PMID: 37146386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the structure and electronic properties of Ti-, Cr-, Fe-, Ni-, Zn-, and Cu-inserted in porphyrin-reduced C70 fullerenes (TM-PIC70Fs) and their interactions with the ethenone were studied using DFT, NBO, and TD-DFT at CAM-B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. 2.89-3.83 and 4.02-4.56 eV were obtained for the HOMO-LUMO gap energies and work functions of TM-PIC70Fs, respectively, compared with 3.76 and 4.54 eV for PIC70F. Among considered TM-PIC70Fs, the adsorption of the ethenone on Ti-PIC70F appreciably changed the HOMO-LUMO energy gap and work function. Consequently, Ti-PIC70F may be used as the ethenone's electronic conductivity and work function types sensor. According to calculated UV-visible spectra, the ethenone adsorption may change the color of Fe- and Ti-PIC70Fs. Therefore, they can be used as color-changing sensors of ethenone. In addition, Ti-, Cr-, Fe-, and Zn-PIC70Fs can be employed as suitable adsorbents of ethenone. Among proper sensors and adsorbents of ethenone, Cr-, Fe-, and Zn-PIC70Fs may be recovered and reused.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sattar Arshadi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | - Sepideh Habibzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sheida Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmail Vessally
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran
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39
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Tian YB, Li QH, Wang Z, Gu ZG, Zhang J. Coordination-Induced Symmetry Breaking on Metal-Porphyrinic Framework Thin Films for Enhanced Nonlinear Optical Limiting. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3062-3069. [PMID: 36995141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Structural asymmetry affecting the nonlinear optics (NLO) of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is very important in fundamentals and applications but is still a challenge. Herein we develop a series of indium-porphyrinic framework (InTCPP) thin films and provide the first study on the coordination-induced symmetry breaking on their third-order NLO. The continuous and oriented InTCPP(H2) thin films were grown on quartz substrates and then postcoordinated with different cations (Fe2+ or Fe3+Cl-) in InTCPP(H2) (named InTCPP(Fe2+) and InTCPP(Fe3+Cl-)). The third-order NLO results reveal the Fe2+ and Fe3+Cl- coordinated InTCPP thin films have substantially enhanced NLO performance. Moreover, InTCPP(Fe3+Cl-) thin films cause symmetry breaking of microstructures, resulting in a 3-fold increase in the nonlinear absorption coefficient (up to 6.35 × 10-6 m/W) compared to InTCPP(Fe2+). This work not only develops a series of nonlinear optical MOF thin films but also provides new insight into symmetry breaking on MOFs for nonlinear optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bo Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Qiao-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, P. R. China
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40
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Saha PK, Mallick A, Turley AT, Bismillah AN, Danos A, Monkman AP, Avestro AJ, Yufit DS, McGonigal PR. Rupturing aromaticity by periphery overcrowding. Nat Chem 2023; 15:516-525. [PMID: 36879076 PMCID: PMC10070187 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The balance between strain relief and aromatic stabilization dictates the form and function of non-planar π-aromatics. Overcrowded systems are known to undergo geometric deformations, but the energetically favourable π-electron delocalization of their aromatic ring(s) is typically preserved. In this study we incremented the strain energy of an aromatic system beyond its aromatic stabilization energy, causing it to rearrange and its aromaticity to be ruptured. We noted that increasing the steric bulk around the periphery of π-extended tropylium rings leads them to deviate from planarity to form contorted conformations in which aromatic stabilization and strain are close in energy. Under increasing strain, the aromatic π-electron delocalization of the system is broken, leading to the formation of a non-aromatic, bicyclic analogue referred to as 'Dewar tropylium'. The aromatic and non-aromatic isomers have been found to exist in rapid equilibrium with one another. This investigation demarcates the extent of steric deformation tolerated by an aromatic carbocycle and thus provides direct experimental insights into the fundamental nature of aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Danos
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Paul R McGonigal
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK.
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41
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Sonea A, Branch KL, Warren JJ. The Pattern of Hydroxyphenyl-Substitution Influences CO 2 Reduction More Strongly than the Number of Hydroxyphenyl Groups in Iron-Porphyrin Electrocatalysts. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sonea
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Kaitlin L. Branch
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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42
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Liu Q, Gao J, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhang X, Lin Q, Zeng W, Zhou Z. A trans-ortho asymmetrically di-strapped metalloporphyrin integrating three key structural features of ligand in heme. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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43
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Sun Y, Wu F, Gao H, Zhi X, Zhao Y, Shen Z. Copper naphthoporphyrin showing enhanced water-solubility by nano-encapsulation and efficient photoacoustic response. Supramol Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2023.2175678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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44
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Xu X, Huang L, Shuai Q. Porphyrin-based magnetic porous organic polymer for efficient magnetic solid phase extraction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from water. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1689:463770. [PMID: 36638587 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous occurrence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the environmental water system has drawn significant concerns due to their adverse effects. The accurate monitoring the content of them is of great significance but challenging in terms of the complex matrix and trace concentration. In this work, a porphyrin-based magnetic porous organic polymer composite (PM-POP) was prepared through a solvent-free synthetic method. Owing to the highly porous structure and strong affinities, the as-prepared PM-POP could be utilized as a highly efficient adsorbent for the magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of NSAIDs. Combining with the high-performance liquid chromatography separation with ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV), a sensitive analytical method was established, which exhibited wide linear ranges (0.1-400 μg/L) and large enrichment factors (EFs) (39.5-82.9 folds) along with good precision (intra-day RSD ≤ 4.9%) and repeatability (inter-day RSD ≤ 8.4%). Ultimately, it was applied to determinate trace NSAIDs in practical water samples successfully, demonstrating its good application prospect in environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, No. 388, Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Lijin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, No. 388, Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Qin Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, No. 388, Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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45
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Guberman-Pfeffer MJ. Structural Determinants of Redox Conduction Favor Robustness over Tunability in Microbial Cytochrome Nanowires. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.21.525004. [PMID: 36712098 PMCID: PMC9882360 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.21.525004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Helical homopolymers of multiheme cytochromes catalyze biogeochemically significant electron transfers with a reported 10 3 -fold variation in conductivity. Herein, classical molecular dynamics and hybrid quantum/classical molecular mechanics are used to elucidate the structural determinants of the redox potentials and conductivities of the tetra-, hexa-, and octaheme outer-membrane cytochromes E, S, and Z, respectively, from Geobacter sulfurreducens . Second-sphere electrostatic interactions acting on minimally polarized heme centers are found to regulate redox potentials over a computed 0.5-V range. However, the energetics of redox conduction are largely robust to the structural diversity: Single-step electronic couplings (⟨H mn ⟩), reaction free energies , and reorganization energies (λ mn ) are always respectively <|0.026|, <|0.26|, and between 0.5 - 1.0 eV. With these conserved parameter ranges, redox conductivity differed by less than a factor of 10 among the 'nanowires' and is sufficient to meet the demands of cellular respiration if 10 2 - 10 3 'nanowires' are expressed. The 'nanowires' are proposed to be differentiated by the protein packaging to interface with a great variety of environments, and not by conductivity, because the rate-limiting electron transfers are elsewhere in the respiratory process. Conducting-probe atomic force microscopy measurements that find conductivities 10 3 -10 6 -fold more than cellular demands are suggested to report on functionality that is either not used or not accessible under physiological conditions. The experimentally measured difference in conductivity between Omc- S and Z is suggested to not be an intrinsic feature of the CryoEM-resolved structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Guberman-Pfeffer
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT, 06510
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, 840 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT, 06516
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46
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Sun H, Guo R, Guo Y, Song J, Li Z, Song F. Boosting Type-I and Type-II ROS Production of Water-Soluble Porphyrin for Efficient Hypoxic Tumor Therapy. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:606-615. [PMID: 36398863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As the most successful clinically approved photosensitizers, porphyrins have been extensively employed in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancers. However, their poor water solubility, aggregation-induced self-quenching on ROS generation, and a low tolerance for a hypoxic condition usually result in unsatisfied therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, great efforts have been dedicated to improving the PDT efficacy of porphyrin-type photosensitizers in treating hypoxic tumors, including combination with additional active components or therapies, which can significantly complicate the therapeutic process. Herein, we report a novel water-soluble porphyrin with O-linked cationic side chains, which exhibits good water solubility, high photostability, and significantly enhanced ROS generation efficacy in both type-I and type-II photodynamic pathways. We have also found that the end charges of side chains can dramatically affect the ROS generation of the porphyrin. The cationic porphyrin exhibited high in vitro PDT efficacy with low IC50 values both in normoxia and hypoxia. Hence, during in vivo PDT study, the cationic porphyrin displayed highly effective tumor ablation capability. This study demonstrates the power of side-chain chemistry in tuning the photodynamic property of porphyrin, which offers a new effective strategy to enhance the anticancer performance of photosensitizers for fulfilling the increasing demands for cancer therapy in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sun
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, China
| | - Ruihua Guo
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, China
| | - Yanhui Guo
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, China
| | - Jitao Song
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, China
| | - Zhiliang Li
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, China
| | - Fengling Song
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, China
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47
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Dali A, Gabler T, Sebastiani F, Destinger A, Furtmüller PG, Pfanzagl V, Becucci M, Smulevich G, Hofbauer S. Active site architecture of coproporphyrin ferrochelatase with its physiological substrate coproporphyrin III: Propionate interactions and porphyrin core deformation. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4534. [PMID: 36479958 PMCID: PMC9794026 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coproporphyrin ferrochelatases (CpfCs) are enzymes catalyzing the penultimate step in the coproporphyrin-dependent (CPD) heme biosynthesis pathway, which is mainly utilized by monoderm bacteria. Ferrochelatases insert ferrous iron into a porphyrin macrocycle and have been studied for many decades, nevertheless many mechanistic questions remain unanswered to date. Especially CpfCs, which are found in the CPD pathway, are currently in the spotlight of research. This pathway was identified in 2015 and revealed that the correct substrate for these ferrochelatases is coproporphyrin III (cpIII) instead of protoporphyrin IX, as believed prior the discovery of the CPD pathway. The chemistry of cpIII, which has four propionates, differs significantly from protoporphyrin IX, which features two propionate and two vinyl groups. These findings let us to thoroughly describe the physiological cpIII-ferrochelatase complex in solution and in the crystal phase. Here, we present the first crystallographic structure of the CpfC from the representative monoderm pathogen Listeria monocytogenes bound to its physiological substrate, cpIII, together with the in-solution data obtained by resonance Raman and UV-vis spectroscopy, for wild-type ferrochelatase and variants, analyzing propionate interactions. The results allow us to evaluate the porphyrin distortion and provide an in-depth characterization of the catalytically-relevant binding mode of cpIII prior to iron insertion. Our findings are discussed in the light of the observed structural restraints and necessities for this porphyrin-enzyme complex to catalyze the iron insertion process. Knowledge about this initial situation is essential for understanding the preconditions for iron insertion in CpfCs and builds the basis for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dali
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” – DICUSUniversità di FirenzeSesto Fiorentino (FI)Italy
| | - Thomas Gabler
- Department of ChemistryInstitute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Federico Sebastiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” – DICUSUniversità di FirenzeSesto Fiorentino (FI)Italy
| | - Alina Destinger
- Department of ChemistryInstitute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Paul Georg Furtmüller
- Department of ChemistryInstitute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Vera Pfanzagl
- Department of ChemistryInstitute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Maurizio Becucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” – DICUSUniversità di FirenzeSesto Fiorentino (FI)Italy
| | - Giulietta Smulevich
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” – DICUSUniversità di FirenzeSesto Fiorentino (FI)Italy,INSTM Research Unit of FirenzeSesto Fiorentino (Fi)Italy
| | - Stefan Hofbauer
- Department of ChemistryInstitute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
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48
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Ahmad Lone I, Kumar R. Exploring the Electronic Influence of β‐Br Substitutions in CuTPP on Electrochemical Overall Water Splitting in Alkaline Medium. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ahmad Lone
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Srinagar 190006 India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Srinagar 190006 India
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49
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Ranieri D, Santanni F, Privitera A, Albino A, Salvadori E, Chiesa M, Totti F, Sorace L, Sessoli R. An exchange coupled meso- meso linked vanadyl porphyrin dimer for quantum information processing. Chem Sci 2022; 14:61-69. [PMID: 36605752 PMCID: PMC9769127 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04969d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of a new meso-meso (m-m) singly linked vanadyl-porphyrin dimer that crystallizes in two different pseudo-polymorphs. The single crystal continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance investigation evidences a small but crucial isotropic exchange interaction, J, between the two tilted, and thus distinguishable, spin centers of the order of 10-2 cm-1. The experimental and DFT studies evidence a correlation between J values and porphyrin plane tilting angle and distortion. Pulsed EPR analysis shows that the two vanadyl dimers maintain the coherence time of the monomer. With the obtained spin Hamiltonian parameters, we identify suitable transitions that could be used as computational basis states. Our results, coupled with the evaporability of porphyrin systems, establish this class of dimers as extremely promising for quantum information processing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ranieri
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Fabio Santanni
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Alberto Privitera
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Andrea Albino
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Enrico Salvadori
- Department of Chemistry, NIS, University of TurinVia P. Giuria 7I10125 TorinoItaly
| | - Mario Chiesa
- Department of Chemistry, NIS, University of TurinVia P. Giuria 7I10125 TorinoItaly
| | - Federico Totti
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” & INSTM RU, University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 350019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly
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50
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Synthesis of New Cobalt(III) Meso-Porphyrin Complex, Photochemical, X-ray Diffraction, and Electrical Properties for Photovoltaic Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248866. [PMID: 36558000 PMCID: PMC9785790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes the preparation and characterization of a new cobalt(III) porphyrin coordination compound named (chlorido)(nicotinoylchloride)[meso-tetra(para-chlorophenyl)porphyrinato]cobalt(III) dichloromethane monosolvate with the formula [CoIII(TClPP)Cl(NTC)]·CH2Cl2 (4). The single-crystal X-ray molecular structure of 4 shows very important ruffling and waving distortions of the porphyrin macrocycle. The Soret and Q absorption bands of 4 are very red-shifted as a consequence of the very distorted porphyrin core. This coordination compound was also studied by fluorescence and cyclic voltammetry. The efficiency of our four porphyrinic compounds-the H2TClPP (1) free-base porphyrin, the [CoII(TClPP)] (2) and [CoIII(TClPP)Cl] (3) starting materials, and the new Co(III) metalloporphyrin [CoIII(TClPP)Cl(NTC)]·CH2Cl2 (4)-as catalysts in the photochemical degradation was tested on malachite green (MG) dye. The current voltage of complexes 3 and 4 was also studied. Electrical parameters, including the saturation current density (Js) and barrier height (ϕb), were measured.
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