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Ishida N, Katsura A, Takagaki K, Arakawa H, Shimada T, Mizuno S, Sai Y, Kato Y, Nakamura H, Suga Y, Matsushita R. Transdermal pilocarpine on the skin over salivary glands to increase salivation: an in vivo study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:881. [PMID: 39095752 PMCID: PMC11297717 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyposalivation is treated using oral cholinergic drugs; however, systemic side effects occasionally lead to discontinuation of treatment. We aimed to investigate the effects of transdermal pilocarpine on the salivary gland skin on saliva secretion and safety in rats. METHODS Pilocarpine was administered to rats orally (0.5 mg/kg) or topically on the salivary gland skin (5 mg/body). Saliva volume, the number of sweat dots, and fecal weight were measured along with pilocarpine concentration in plasma and submandibular gland tissues. RESULTS Saliva volume significantly increased 0.5 h after oral administration and 0.5, 3, and 12 h after topical administration. Fecal weight and sweat dots increased significantly 1 h after oral administration; however, no changes were observed after topical application. The pilocarpine concentration in the submandibular gland tissues of the topical group was higher than that in the oral group at 0.5, 3, and 12 h of administration. CONCLUSIONS Pilocarpine application to salivary gland skin persistently increased salivary volume in rats without inducing sweating or diarrhea. Transdermal pilocarpine applied to the skin over the salivary glands may be an effective and safe treatment option for hyposalivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Ishida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Ayano Katsura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Koichi Takagaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arakawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Shimada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara- machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mizuno
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Sai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara- machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ryukyu University Graduate School of Medical Science, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, 903-0215, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Suga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ryo Matsushita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
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Tanaka J, Miura A, Shimamura Y, Hwang Y, Shimizu D, Kondo Y, Sawada A, Sarmah H, Ninish Z, Mishima K, Mori M. Generation of salivary glands derived from pluripotent stem cells via conditional blastocyst complementation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114340. [PMID: 38865239 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Whole salivary gland generation and transplantation offer potential therapies for salivary gland dysfunction. However, the specific lineage required to engineer complete salivary glands has remained elusive. In this study, we identify the Foxa2 lineage as a critical lineage for salivary gland development through conditional blastocyst complementation (CBC). Foxa2 lineage marking begins at the boundary between the endodermal and ectodermal regions of the oral epithelium before the formation of the primordial salivary gland, thereby labeling the entire gland. Ablation of Fgfr2 within the Foxa2 lineage in mice leads to salivary gland agenesis. We reversed this phenotype by injecting donor pluripotent stem cells into the mouse blastocysts, resulting in mice that survived to adulthood with salivary glands of normal size, comparable to those of their littermate controls. These findings demonstrate that CBC-based salivary gland regeneration serves as a foundational experimental approach for future advanced cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Tanaka
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Miura
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yuko Shimamura
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Youngmin Hwang
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yuri Kondo
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anri Sawada
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hemanta Sarmah
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Stem Cell Core, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zurab Ninish
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Munemasa Mori
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Hirai S, Takahashi H, Tanaka A. Examination of age-related changes in the submandibular glands of male mice. Odontology 2024; 112:83-90. [PMID: 37002433 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Salivary gland hypofunction adversely affects the oral environment and daily life by causing dry mouth (xerostomia). Senescence-related atrophy of salivary gland tissues is one cause of xerostomia, and it is particularly common among the elderly. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood, and no treatment has been established. Therefore, we examined age-related changes in senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, which regulate stemness and cellular senescence, in mouse submandibular glands. We analyzed the submandibular glands of 6-week-old (young group, n = 6) and 82-week-old mice (aged group, n = 6). We performed salivary flow rate measurements, histological analysis including immunohistochemistry, and quantitative real-time PCR. The salivary flow rate was significantly lower in the aged group than in the young group. In addition, immunostaining and quantitative real-time PCR illustrated that aquaporin-5 and α-amylase expressions were significantly decreased in aged mice, indicating salivary gland hypofunction. c-Kit and cytokeratin 5 expressions were also significantly decreased in this group, suggesting that the regenerative abilities of the submandibular glands were reduced because of decreased stem and progenitor cell counts. Furthermore, the levels of p16INK4a and p21 (the senescence markers) and TGF-β1 and IL-6 (SASP factors) were significantly increased in mice, suggesting that senescence had been promoted. The decreased numbers of stem and progenitor cells and increased levels of SASP factors might be associated with age-related changes in mouse submandibular glands. These results might facilitate the development of treatments for senescence-related submandibular gland hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hirai
- The Course of Clinical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Systemic Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan.
| | - Haruka Takahashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan
| | - Akira Tanaka
- The Course of Clinical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Systemic Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan
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Tanaka J, Miura A, Shimamura Y, Hwang Y, Shimizu D, Kondo Y, Sawada A, Sarmah H, Ninish Z, Mishima K, Mori M. Generation of salivary glands derived from pluripotent stem cells via conditional blastocyst complementation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.13.566845. [PMID: 38014349 PMCID: PMC10680620 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.13.566845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Various patients suffer from dry mouth due to salivary gland dysfunction. Whole salivary gland generation and transplantation is a potential therapy to resolve this issue. However, the lineage permissible to design the entire salivary gland generation has been enigmatic. Here, we discovered Foxa2 as a lineage critical for generating a salivary gland via conditional blastocyst complementation (CBC). Foxa2 linage, but not Shh nor Pitx2, initiated to label between the boundary region of the endodermal and the ectodermal oral mucosa before primordial salivary gland formation, resulting in marking the entire salivary gland. The salivary gland was agenesis by depleting Fgfr2 under the Foxa2 lineage in the mice. We rescued this phenotype by injecting donor pluripotent stem cells into the mouse blastocysts. Those mice survived until adulthood with normal salivary glands compatible in size compared with littermate controls. These results indicated that CBC-based salivary gland generation is promising for next-generation cell-based therapy.
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Wang T, Huang Q, Rao Z, Liu F, Su X, Zhai X, Ma J, Liang Y, Quan D, Liao G, Bai Y, Zhang S. Injectable decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogel promotes salivary gland regeneration via endogenous stem cell recruitment and suppression of fibrogenesis. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:256-272. [PMID: 37557943 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is key to the maintenance of oral homeostasis. However, several forms of salivary gland (SG) disorders, followed by hyposalivation, often result in dental caries, oral infection, and decreased taste, which dramatically affect the quality of patient's life. Functional biomaterials hold great potential for tissue regeneration in damaged or dysfunctional SGs and maintaining the good health of oral cavity. Herein, we prepared an injectable hydrogel derived from decellularized porcine submandibular glands (pDSG-gel), the material and biological properties of the hydrogel were systematically investigated. First, good biocompatibility and bioactivities of the pDSG-gel were validated in 2D and 3D cultures of primary submandibular gland mesenchymal stem cells (SGMSCs). Especially, the pDSG-gel effectively facilitated SGMSCs migration and recruitment through the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, suggested by transcriptomic analysis and immunoblotting. Furthermore, proteomic analysis of the pDSG revealed that many extracellular matrix components and secreted factors were preserved, which may contribute to stem cell homing. The recruitment of endogenous SG cells was confirmed in vivo, upon in situ injection of the pDSG-gel into the defective SGs in rats. Acinar and ductal-like structures were evident in the injury sites after pDSG-gel treatment, suggesting the reconstruction of functional SG units. Meanwhile, histological characterizations showed that the administration of the pDSG-gel also significantly suppressed fibrogenesis within the injured SG tissues. Taken together, this tissue-specific hydrogel provides a pro-regenerative microenvironment for endogenous SG regeneration and holds great promise as a powerful and bioactive material for future treatments of SG diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has been acknowledged as one of the most promising biomaterials that recapitalizes the microenvironment in native tissues. Hydrogel derived from the dECM allows in situ administration for tissue repair. Herein, a tissue-specific dECM hydrogel derived from porcine salivary glands (pDSG-gel) was successfully prepared and developed for functional reconstruction of defective salivary gland (SG) tissues. The pDSG-gel effectively accelerated endogenous SG stem cells migration and their recruitment for acinar- and ductal-like regeneration, which was attributed to the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Additionally, the introduction of the pDSG-gel resulted in highly suppressed fibrogenesis in the defective tissues. These outcomes indicated that the pDSG-gel holds great potential in clinical translation toward SG regeneration through cell-free treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Qiting Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Zilong Rao
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Biomaterials, PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Xinyun Su
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Xuefan Zhai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Jingxin Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Daping Quan
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Biomaterials, PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiqing Liao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
| | - Ying Bai
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Biomaterials, PCFM Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Sien Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
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A Review on the Role of Pilocarpine on the Management of Xerostomia and the Importance of the Topical Administration Systems Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060762. [PMID: 35745681 PMCID: PMC9230966 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Xerostomia is linked to an increased risk of dental caries, oral fungal infections, and speaking/swallowing difficulties, factors that may significantly degrade patients’ life, socially- or emotionally-wise. Consequently, there is an increasing interest in developing management approaches for confronting this oral condition, at which pilocarpine, a parasympathomimetic agent, plays a vital role. Although the therapeutic effects of orally administrated pilocarpine on the salivary gland flow and the symptoms of xerostomia have been proved by numerous studies, the systemic administration of this drug is affiliated with various adverse effects. Some of the typical adverse effects include sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rhinitis, dizziness and increased urinary frequency. In this vein, new strategies to develop novel and effective dosage forms for topical (i.e., in the oral cavity) pilocarpine administration, in order for the salivary flow to be enhanced with minimal systemic manifestations, have emerged. Therefore, the purpose of the current review is to survey the literature concerning the performance of topical pilocarpine delivery systems. According to the findings, the topical delivery of pilocarpine can be regarded as the equivalent to systemic delivery of the drug, efficacy-wise, but with improved patient tolerance and less adverse effects.
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Alghamdi SA, Mugri MH, Elamin NMH, Kamil MA, Osman H, Eid BG, Shaik RA, Shaker SS, Alrafiah A. A Possible Novel Protective Effect of Piceatannol against Isoproterenol (ISO)-Induced Histopathological, Histochemical, and Immunohistochemical Changes in Male Wistar Rats. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2505-2528. [PMID: 35735612 PMCID: PMC9221942 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44060171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry mouth is characterized by lower saliva production and changes in saliva composition. In patients with some salivary gland function remaining, pharmaceutical treatments are not recommended; therefore, new, more effective methods of promoting saliva production are needed. Hence, this study aimed to provide an overview of the histological changes in the salivary gland in the model of isoproterenol (ISO)-induced degenerative changes in male Wistar rats and to evaluate the protective effect of piceatannol. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, the ISO group, and the piceatannol (PIC)-1, and -2 groups. After the third day of the experiment, Iso (0.8 mg/100 g) was injected intraperitoneally (IP) twice daily into the animals. PIC was given IP in different daily doses (20 and 40 mg/kg) for three days before ISO and seven days with ISO injection. The salivary glands were rapidly dissected and processed for histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical (Ki-67), and morphometric analysis. Upon seven days of treatment with ISO, marked hypertrophy was observed, along with an increased number of positive Ki-67 cells. Proliferation was increased in some endothelial cells as well as in ducts themselves. Despite the significant decrease in proliferation activity, the control group did not return to the usual activity level after treatment with low-dose PIC. Treatment with a high dose of PIC reduced proliferative activity to the point where it was substantially identical to the results seen in the control group. An ISO-driven xerostomia model showed a novel protective effect of piceatannol. A new era of regenerative medicine is dawning around PIC’s promising role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar A. Alghamdi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maryam H. Mugri
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.M.); (N.M.H.E.)
| | - Nahid M. H. Elamin
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.M.); (N.M.H.E.)
| | - Mona Awad Kamil
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Hind Osman
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Basma G. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia; (B.G.E.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Rasheed A. Shaik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia; (B.G.E.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Soad S. Shaker
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Aziza Alrafiah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-0126401000 (ext. 23495); Fax: +966-0126401000 (ext. 21686)
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Quantitative Scintigraphy Evaluated the Relationship between 131I Therapy and Salivary Glands Function in DTC Patients: A Retrospective Analysis. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:7640405. [PMID: 35463665 PMCID: PMC9023193 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7640405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Quantitative scintigraphy to evaluate salivary gland function changes in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after iodine-131 (131I) treatment. Methods A total of 458 patients with DTC grouped by sex and age were included. Salivary gland scintigraphy was performed to evaluate salivary gland function before and after 131I treatment. The uptake fraction (UF), uptake index (UI), and excretion fraction (EF) of two pairs of parotid glands and submandibular glands were measured and compared. The Chi-square test was conducted according to function impairment count. Results Salivary gland function in different age groups and sexes were quite different, especially for women <55 years old, who had decreased UF, UI, and EF of all four glands without basal injury. The secretion or uptake function of some salivary glands with basic function impairment before 131I treatment was increased after iodine treatment. Only a small percentage of males showed reduced functional parameters after several treatments. The most significant difference in the count of impairment for the four salivary glands were the first and third examinations, which was more evident in women. The submandibular gland had the most significant reduction in uptake. Conclusion Changes in salivary gland function are more common in young females being treated for DTC. Impairment of salivary gland function is correlated with the number of treatments and the cumulative dose of 131I. Some salivary gland functions impaired before 131I treatment were enhanced in the early treatment.
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Tanaka A, Nakano H, Yoneto K, Yoneto C, Furubayashi T, Suzuki K, Okae A, Ueno T, Sakane T. Topical Xerostomia Treatment with Hyaluronate Sheets Containing Pilocarpine. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:403-408. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hiroyuki Nakano
- Department of Oral Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | | | | | | | - Kei Suzuki
- Department of Oral Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Azusa Okae
- Department of Oral Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Takaaki Ueno
- Department of Oral Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Toshiyasu Sakane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
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Kapourani A, Kontogiannopoulos KN, Manioudaki AE, Poulopoulos AK, Tsalikis L, Assimopoulou AN, Barmpalexis P. A Review on Xerostomia and Its Various Management Strategies: The Role of Advanced Polymeric Materials in the Treatment Approaches. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050850. [PMID: 35267672 PMCID: PMC8912296 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The medical term xerostomia refers to the subjective sensation of oral dryness. The etiology seems to be multifactorial with the most frequently reported causes being the use of xerostomic medications, neck and head radiation, and systematic diseases (such as Sjögren’s syndrome). Xerostomia is associated with an increased incidence of dental caries, oral fungal infections, and difficulties in speaking and chewing/swallowing, which ultimately affect the oral health-related quality of life. The development of successful management schemes is regarded as a highly challenging project due to the complexity of saliva. This is why, in spite of the fact that there are therapeutic options aiming to improve salivary function, most management approaches are alleviation-oriented. In any case, polymers are an integral part of the various formulations used in every current treatment approach, especially in the saliva substitutes, due to their function as thickening and lubricating agents or, in the case of mucoadhesive polymers, their ability to prolong the treatment effect. In this context, the present review aims to scrutinize the literature and presents an overview of the role of various polymers (or copolymers) on either already commercially available formulations or novel drug delivery systems currently under research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Kapourani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (K.N.K.); (A.-E.M.)
| | - Konstantinos N. Kontogiannopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (K.N.K.); (A.-E.M.)
| | - Alexandra-Eleftheria Manioudaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (K.N.K.); (A.-E.M.)
| | - Athanasios K. Poulopoulos
- Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Lazaros Tsalikis
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Andreana N. Assimopoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence-AUTH (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (K.N.K.); (A.-E.M.)
- Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence-AUTH (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310997629
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Abstract
Salivary glands are exocrine glands composed of several cell types, including the ductal, acinar, and basal/myoepithelial cells. They play important roles in maintaining oral homeostasis and health. During early murine development, the salivary glands, which arise as epithelial buds, are produced from primitive oral epithelia through an interaction between the oral epithelium and mesenchyme.We recently reported that salivary gland organoids can be generated from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We recapitulated the process of embryonic salivary gland development using an organoid culture system. The mouse ESC-derived salivary gland organoids consisted of acinar-, ductal-, and myoepithelial-like cells. In this chapter, we describe a protocol for differentiating salivary gland organoids from ESCs .
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Tanaka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
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12
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Polydatin Alleviates Diabetes-Induced Hyposalivation through Anti-Glycation Activity in db/db Mouse. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010051. [PMID: 35056946 PMCID: PMC8777620 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydatin (resveratrol-3-O-β-mono-D-glucoside) is a polyphenol that can be easily accessed from peanuts, grapes, and red wine, and is known to have antiglycation, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Diabetes mellitus is a very common disease, and diabetic complications are very common complications. The dry mouth symptom is one of the most common oral complaints in patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is thought to promote hyposalivation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the improvement effect of polydatin on diabetes-induced hyposalivation in db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes. We examined salivary flow rate, TUNEL assay, PAS staining, and immunohistochemical staining for AGEs, RAGE, HMGB1, 8-OHdG, and AQP5 to evaluate the efficacy of polydatin in the submandibular salivary gland. Diabetic db/db mice had a decreased salivary flow rate and salivary gland weight. The salivary gland of the vehicle-treated db/db mice showed an increased apoptotic cell injury. The AGEs were highly accumulated, and its receptor, RAGE expression was also enhanced. Expressions of HMGB1, an oxidative cell damage marker, and 8-OHdG, an oxidative DNA damage marker, increased greatly. However, polydatin ameliorated this hypofunction of the salivary gland and inhibited diabetes-related salivary cell injury. Furthermore, polydatin improved mucin accumulation, which is used as a damage marker for salivary gland acinar cells, and decreased expression of water channel AQP5 was improved by polydatin. In conclusion, polydatin has a potent protective effect on diabetes-related salivary gland hypofunction through its antioxidant and anti-glycation activities, and its AQP5 upregulation. This result suggests the possibility of the use of polydatin as a therapeutic drug to improve hyposalivation caused by diabetes.
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13
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Chen G, Han Y, Zhang H, Tu W, Zhang S. Radiotherapy-Induced Digestive Injury: Diagnosis, Treatment and Mechanisms. Front Oncol 2021; 11:757973. [PMID: 34804953 PMCID: PMC8604098 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.757973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the main therapeutic methods for treating cancer. The digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract and the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder). The digestive system is easily impaired during radiotherapy, especially in thoracic and abdominal radiotherapy. In this review, we introduce the physical classification, basic pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, predictive/diagnostic factors, and possible treatment targets of radiotherapy-induced digestive injury. Radiotherapy-induced digestive injury complies with the dose-volume effect and has a radiation-based organ correlation. Computed tomography (CT), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), ultrasound (US) and endoscopy can help diagnose and evaluate the radiation-induced lesion level. The latest treatment approaches include improvement in radiotherapy (such as shielding, hydrogel spacers and dose distribution), stem cell transplantation and drug administration. Gut microbiota modulation may become a novel approach to relieving radiogenic gastrointestinal syndrome. Finally, we summarized the possible mechanisms involved in treatment, but they remain varied. Radionuclide-labeled targeting molecules (RLTMs) are promising for more precise radiotherapy. These advances contribute to our understanding of the assessment and treatment of radiation-induced digestive injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenling Tu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China.,West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Akashi Y, Nemoto A, Nakajima K, Kokubun K, Murakami S, Inoue T, Matsuzaka K. The effect of fibroblast growth factor 7 on human dental pulp stem cells for differentiation to AQP5-positive and αSMA-positive cells in vitro and in vivo. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:344-353. [PMID: 33783980 PMCID: PMC8204033 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transplantation of stem cells into wounds has become popular in regeneration therapies. As stem cells for transplantation, human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are known to be pluripotent cells that are relatively easy to collect from the pulp of deciduous or wisdom teeth. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether hDPSCs treated with fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) would contribute to the regeneration of wounded rat submandibular glands (SMGs). MATERIALS AND METHODS In in vitro studies, hDPSCs were treated with or without FGF7 and mRNA expression levels were examined at days 3, 7 and 14 using qRT-PCR. The target genes analyzed were BMI1 as an undifferentiated marker, AQP5 as an acinar cell marker, CK19 as a ductal epithelial cell marker, αSMA as a myoepithelial cell marker and VIMENTIN as a fibroblast marker. In in vivo studies, hDPSCs treated with or without FGF7 for 14 days were mixed with type I collagen gels and were transplanted into wounded rat SMGs. Hematoxylin-Eosin and immunohistochemical staining were performed at days 3 and 7, and the numbers of positive cells were counted. The primary antibodies used were against BMI1, AQP5, αSMA, PanCK and VIMENTIN. RESULTS In the in vitro studies, mRNA levels of BMI1 were decreased and αSMA were increased at days 3, 7 and 14, while AQP5 was increased at day 14 in the FGF7 group. In the in vivo studies, the proliferation of hDPSCs and cell islands was observed at day 7 in the FGF7 group. Few BMI1-positive cells were observed, while numbers of AQP5-positive and αSMA-positive cells were increased at days 3 and 7 in the FGF7 group. Moreover, cell islands were AQP5-positive. CONCLUSION These results suggest that FGF7-treated hDPSCs differentiate into AQP5-positive and αSMA-positive cells. Moreover, AQP5-positive cell aggregations were formed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsushi Nemoto
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Nakajima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Murakami
- Department of Oral Pathology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
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15
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Hu M, Liu W, Ma P, Wu Y, Li H, Men Y, Tang X, Que L, Cao Y, Li C. Smad7 attenuates TGF-β-mediated aging-related hypofunction of submandibular glands. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1269-1273. [PMID: 33641444 PMCID: PMC8371308 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221993430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Submandibular glands have essential functions in taste, mastication, swallowing, and digestion. Submandibular gland hypofunction is prevalent in the elderly, impairing the patients' quality of life. Current clinical treatment strategies have not decelerated or reversed the pathological process of submandibular gland hypofunction. Therefore, novel restoration strategies should be explored. However, studies on the mechanism of aging-related submandibular gland hypofunction remain very limited. The role of the TGF-β/Smad pathway in fibrosis has been studied in other organs. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the role of TGF-β/Smad signaling in the aging-related submandibular gland hypofunction. The results showed that Smad7 knockout in mice decreased the salivary flow rate. H&E, Masson trichrome, and immunohistochemistry staining of MCP-1 and α-SMA showed that Smad7 knockout in mice resulted in lymphocytic infiltration, acinar cell atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. The Western blotting of collagen I and III also confirmed extensive fibrosis. We then found that Smad7 depletion resulted in the TGF-β-mediated fibrosis via mir-21, mir-29, and np_5318, and NFκB-driven inflammation activation. This study confirmed the inhibitory role of Smad7 in the aging-related submandibular gland hypofunction. Therefore, it provided a promising treatment target for aging-related dysfunction and sialadenitis of submandibular gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Hu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pingchuan Ma
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yingyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Men
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiufa Tang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Que
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yubin Cao
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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16
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Radiation-Induced Salivary Gland Dysfunction: Mechanisms, Therapeutics and Future Directions. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9124095. [PMID: 33353023 PMCID: PMC7767137 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9124095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands sustain collateral damage following radiotherapy (RT) to treat cancers of the head and neck, leading to complications, including mucositis, xerostomia and hyposalivation. Despite salivary gland-sparing techniques and modified dosing strategies, long-term hypofunction remains a significant problem. Current therapeutic interventions provide temporary symptom relief, but do not address irreversible glandular damage. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of mechanisms involved in RT-induced hyposalivation and provide a framework for future mechanistic studies. One glaring gap in published studies investigating RT-induced mechanisms of salivary gland dysfunction concerns the effect of irradiation on adjacent non-irradiated tissue via paracrine, autocrine and direct cell-cell interactions, coined the bystander effect in other models of RT-induced damage. We hypothesize that purinergic receptor signaling involving P2 nucleotide receptors may play a key role in mediating the bystander effect. We also discuss promising new therapeutic approaches to prevent salivary gland damage due to RT.
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17
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Ikeda E, Ogawa M, Takeo M, Tsuji T. Functional ectodermal organ regeneration as the next generation of organ replacement therapy. Open Biol 2020; 9:190010. [PMID: 30836846 PMCID: PMC6451364 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this decade, substantial progress in the fields of developmental biology and stem cell biology has ushered in a new era for three-dimensional organ regenerative therapy. The emergence of novel three-dimensional cell manipulation technologies enables the effective mimicking of embryonic organ germ formation using the fate-determined organ-inductive potential of epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells. This advance shows great potential for the regeneration of functional organs with substitution of complete original function in situ. Organoids generated from multipotent stem cells or tissue stem cells via establishment of an organ-forming field can only partially recover original organ function owing to the size limitation; they are considered ‘mini-organs’. Nevertheless, they hold great promise to realize regenerative medicine. In particular, regeneration of a functional salivary gland and an integumentary organ system by orthotopic and heterotopic implantation of organoids clearly points to the future direction of organ regeneration research. In this review, we describe multiple strategies and recent progress in regenerating functional three-dimensional organs, focusing on ectodermal organs, and discuss their potential and future directions to achieve organ replacement therapy as a next-generation regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Ikeda
- 1 Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research , Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan
| | - Miho Ogawa
- 1 Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research , Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan.,2 Organ Technologies Inc. , Tokyo 101-0048 , Japan
| | - Makoto Takeo
- 1 Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research , Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuji
- 1 Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research , Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan.,2 Organ Technologies Inc. , Tokyo 101-0048 , Japan
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18
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Khalafalla MG, Woods LT, Jasmer KJ, Forti KM, Camden JM, Jensen JL, Limesand KH, Galtung HK, Weisman GA. P2 Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in the Salivary Gland: From Physiology to Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:222. [PMID: 32231563 PMCID: PMC7082426 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although often overlooked in our daily lives, saliva performs a host of necessary physiological functions, including lubricating and protecting the oral cavity, facilitating taste sensation and digestion and maintaining tooth enamel. Therefore, salivary gland dysfunction and hyposalivation, often resulting from pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease Sjögren's syndrome or from radiotherapy of the head and neck region during cancer treatment, severely reduce the quality of life of afflicted patients and can lead to dental caries, periodontitis, digestive disorders, loss of taste and difficulty speaking. Since their initial discovery in the 1970s, P2 purinergic receptors for extracellular nucleotides, including ATP-gated ion channel P2X and G protein-coupled P2Y receptors, have been shown to mediate physiological processes in numerous tissues, including the salivary glands where P2 receptors represent a link between canonical and non-canonical saliva secretion. Additionally, extracellular nucleotides released during periods of cellular stress and inflammation act as a tissue alarmin to coordinate immunological and tissue repair responses through P2 receptor activation. Accordingly, P2 receptors have gained widespread clinical interest with agonists and antagonists either currently undergoing clinical trials or already approved for human use. Here, we review the contributions of P2 receptors to salivary gland function and describe their role in salivary gland dysfunction. We further consider their potential as therapeutic targets to promote physiological saliva flow, prevent salivary gland inflammation and enhance tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud G. Khalafalla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lucas T. Woods
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kimberly J. Jasmer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kevin Muñoz Forti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jean M. Camden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Janicke L. Jensen
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten H. Limesand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Hilde K. Galtung
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gary A. Weisman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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19
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Farag AM, Holliday C, Cimmino J, Roomian T, Papas A. Comparing the effectiveness and adverse effects of pilocarpine and cevimeline in patients with hyposalivation. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1937-1944. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arwa M. Farag
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences Faculty of Dentistry King AbdulAziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Division of Oral Medicine Department of Diagnostic Sciences Tufts University School of Dental Medicine Boston MA
| | | | - Joseph Cimmino
- Department of Research Administration Tufts University School of Dental Medicine Boston MA
| | - Tamar Roomian
- The Pediatric Physicians' Organization at Children's Hospital Brookline MA
| | - Athena Papas
- Division of Oral Medicine Department of Diagnostic Sciences Tufts University School of Dental Medicine Boston MA
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20
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Vivino FB, Bunya VY, Massaro-Giordano G, Johr CR, Giattino SL, Schorpion A, Shafer B, Peck A, Sivils K, Rasmussen A, Chiorini JA, He J, Ambrus JL. Sjogren's syndrome: An update on disease pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment. Clin Immunol 2019; 203:81-121. [PMID: 31022578 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick B Vivino
- Penn Sjögren's Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Vatinee Y Bunya
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 51 N. 39(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Giacomina Massaro-Giordano
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 51 N. 39(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Chadwick R Johr
- Penn Sjögren's Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Stephanie L Giattino
- Penn Sjögren's Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Annemarie Schorpion
- Penn Sjögren's Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Brian Shafer
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 51 N. 39(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Ammon Peck
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Kathy Sivils
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, OK 73104, USA.
| | - John A Chiorini
- NIH, Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Building 10, Room 1n113, 10 Center DR Msc 1190, Bethesda, MD 20892-1190, USA.
| | - Jing He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Julian L Ambrus
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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21
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Ohno T, Itatsu R, Moriya M, Sato Y, Sumi Y. Evaluation of the physical properties of a newly developed denture adhesive for patients with dry mouth. J Prosthodont Res 2018; 63:157-161. [PMID: 30527704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Elderly individuals with dry mouth wearing dentures require an appropriate denture adhesive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro properties of a newly developed denture adhesive for patients with dry mouth and compare these with those of a currently available adhesive and oral moisturizing agent. METHODS We developed a new gel-type denture adhesive with physical properties suitable for patients with dry mouth (DM). We subsequently performed in vitro comparisons among DM, New Poligrip (NP), and Biotene Oralbalance Gel (BT) with regard to the following properties: retention force, resistance to squeezing, and ease of removal. In accordance with the standards of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO10873:2010), the retention force was measured for dry samples (no water exposure, severe dry mouth model) and for samples exposed to water for 10min (normal model) and 1min (moderate dry mouth model). The resistance to squeezing was evaluated by pushing the samples out of syringes, while the ease of removal was evaluated by measuring the time required to wash the material from a polymethyl methacrylate plate. RESULTS In the severe dry mouth model, DM exhibited greater retention force than did NP and BT. Moreover, the resistance to squeezing was significantly lower for DM than for NP. Both BT and DM showed better ease of removal than did NP. NP was the most difficult to wash out with water. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the newly developed denture adhesive DM is suitable for use in patients with dry mouth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Ohno
- Department for Advanced Dental Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Diseases, Japanese National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.
| | - Ryoko Itatsu
- Division of Oral and Dental Surgery, Department of Advanced Medicine, Japanese National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Megumi Moriya
- Division of Oral and Dental Surgery, Department of Advanced Medicine, Japanese National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Yuji Sato
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Showa University, School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sumi
- Department for Advanced Dental Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Diseases, Japanese National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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22
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The Process of Acclimation to Chronic Hypoxia Leads to Submandibular Gland and Periodontal Alterations: An Insight on the Role of Inflammatory Mediators. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6794508. [PMID: 30622434 PMCID: PMC6304881 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6794508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposition to hypoxia is a stressful stimulus, and the organism develops acclimation mechanisms to ensure homeostasis, but if this fails, it leads to the development of pathological processes. Considering the large number of people under hypoxic conditions, it is of utmost importance to study the mechanisms implicated in hypoxic acclimation in oral tissues and the possible alteration of some important inflammatory markers that regulate salivary and periodontal function. It is the aim of the present study to analyze submandibular (SMG) and periodontal status of animals chronically exposed to continuous (CCH) or intermittent (CIH) hypoxia in order to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms that may lead to hypoxic acclimation. Adult Wistar rats were exposed to CCH or CIH simulating 4200 meters of altitude during 90 days. Salivary secretion was decreased in animals exposed to hypoxia, being lower in CIH, together with increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) content, TBARS concentration, and the presence of apoptotic nuclei and irregular secretion granules in SMG. AQP-5 mRNA levels decreased in both hypoxic groups. Only the CCH group showed higher HIF-1α staining, while CIH alone exhibited interradicular bone loss and increased concentration of the bone resorption marker CTX-I. In summary, animals exposed to CIH show a worse salivary secretion rate, which related with higher levels of PGE2, suggesting a negative role of this inflammatory mediator during hypoxia acclimation. We link the weak immunorreactivity of HIF-1α in CIH with improper hypoxia acclimation, which is necessary to sustaining SMG physiology under this environmental condition. The alveolar bone loss observed in CIH rats could be due mainly to a direct effect of PGE2, as suggested by its higher content in gingival tissue, but also to the indirect effect of hyposalivation. This study may eventually contribute to finding therapeutics to treat the decreased salivary flow, improving in that way oral health.
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23
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Walther C, Kreibohm M, Paris S, Meyer-Lueckel H, Tschoppe P, Wierichs RJ. Effect of NaF, AmF, KF gels and NaF toothpaste combined with a saliva substitute on dentin lesions in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:2489-2496. [PMID: 30306335 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the remineralizing effects of NaF, AmF, KF gels and NaF toothpaste in combination with a potentially demineralizing saliva substitute (Glandosane; pH = 5.1) being widely used in Germany. METHODS In each of 120 dentin specimens, three artificial lesions were created. One lesion was covered for analysis of pre-demineralization (ΔZB). Treatments during pH cycling (3 × 1 h demineralization/day [pH = 5.0] and 3 × 3 h Glandosane/day; 12 h 100%humidity) were as follows: no treatment (NT), application (5 min,2×/day) of 12.500 ppm F- [pH = 6.04] (NaF-gel1), 12.500 ppm F- [pH = 7.34] (NaF-gel2), 12.500 ppm F- [pH = 5.82] (AmF-gel), 1450 ppm F- [pH = 7.35] (KF-gel), and 5000 ppm F- [pH = 8.14]; (NaF-TP) for 7 days (E1). Subsequently, from each specimen, one lesion was covered, while the remaining lesion was cycled for another 7 days (E2). Differences in integrated mineral loss (ΔΔZE1/ΔΔZE2) were calculated between values before and after pH cycling. RESULTS Mean (95%CI) ΔZB was 3851 (3762;3939) vol% × μm. Except for NaF-gel2 and NaF-TP, specimens of all other groups further demineralized. Only NaF-gel2 induced a significant gain in mineral content (p ≤ 0.004; paired t test). Significant differences in the change of mineral loss were found between NT and all fluoride groups for both ΔΔZE1 and for ΔΔZE2 (p < 0.05, Bonferroni post hoc test). However, only NaF-gel2 and NaF-TP induced remineralization. CONCLUSION Under the in vitro conditions chosen, all fluoride agents could significantly hamper the adverse effects of a demineralizing saliva substitute. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In combination with a demineralizing saliva substitute, slight mineral gain was only observed for neutral NaF-gel2 and 5000 ppm F- toothpaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Walther
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Manana Kreibohm
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Paris
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University School of Dental Medicine, CharitéCentrum 3, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Meyer-Lueckel
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Tschoppe
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Richard Johannes Wierichs
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. .,Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, Forckenbeckstr. 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Tanaka J, Ogawa M, Hojo H, Kawashima Y, Mabuchi Y, Hata K, Nakamura S, Yasuhara R, Takamatsu K, Irié T, Fukada T, Sakai T, Inoue T, Nishimura R, Ohara O, Saito I, Ohba S, Tsuji T, Mishima K. Generation of orthotopically functional salivary gland from embryonic stem cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4216. [PMID: 30310071 PMCID: PMC6181987 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids generated from pluripotent stem cells are used in the development of organ replacement regenerative therapy by recapitulating the process of organogenesis. These processes are strictly regulated by morphogen signalling and transcriptional networks. However, the precise transcription factors involved in the organogenesis of exocrine glands, including salivary glands, remain unknown. Here, we identify a specific combination of two transcription factors (Sox9 and Foxc1) responsible for the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived oral ectoderm into the salivary gland rudiment in an organoid culture system. Following orthotopic transplantation into mice whose salivary glands had been removed, the induced salivary gland rudiment not only showed a similar morphology and gene expression profile to those of the embryonic salivary gland rudiment of normal mice but also exhibited characteristics of mature salivary glands, including saliva secretion. This study suggests that exocrine glands can be induced from pluripotent stem cells for organ replacement regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Tanaka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Miho Ogawa
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
- Organ Technologies Inc., Tokyo, 101-0048, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN IMS, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Hata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shiro Nakamura
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Rika Yasuhara
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Koki Takamatsu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tarou Irié
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
- Division of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN IMS, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sakai
- Department of Oral-Facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomio Inoue
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Riko Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN IMS, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Technology Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Ichiro Saito
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuji
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
- Organ Technologies Inc., Tokyo, 101-0048, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
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Kim J, Lee H, Lee H, Bang JI, Kang YK, Bae S, Song YS, Lee WW. Quantitative Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography for Evaluation of Salivary Gland Dysfunction in Sjögren's Syndrome Patients. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 52:368-376. [PMID: 30344785 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-018-0547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the study was to investigate the usefulness of quantitative salivary single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) using Tc-99m pertechnetate in Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Methods We retrospectively reviewed quantitative salivary SPECT/CT data from 95 xerostomic patients who were classified as either SS (n = 47, male:female = 0:47, age = 54.60 ± 13.16 y [mean ± SD]) or non-SS (n = 48, male:female = 5:43, age = 54.94 ± 14.04 y) by combination of anti-SSA/Ro antibody, labial salivary gland biopsy, unstimulated whole saliva flow rate, and Schirmer's test. Thyroid cancer patients (n = 43, male:female = 19:24, age = 46.37 ± 12.13 y) before radioactive iodine therapy served as negative controls. Quantitative SPECT/CT was performed pre-stimulatory 20 min and post-stimulatory 40 min after injection of Tc-99m pertechnetate (15 mCi). The %injected dose at 20 min and the %excretion between 20 and 40 min were calculated for parotid and submandibular glands, generating four quantitative parameters: %parotid uptake (%PU), %submandibular uptake (%SU), %parotid excretion (%PE), and %submandibular excretion (%SE). The most useful parameter for SS diagnosis was investigated. Results The uptake parameters (%PU and %SU) were significantly different among the SS, non-SS, and negative controls (p = 0.005 for %PU and p < 0.001 for %SU, respectively), but the excretion parameters (%PE and %SE) were not (p > 0.05 for both). The %PU and %SU were significantly lower in SS than in the negative controls and non-SS (p < 0.05 for all pair-wise comparisons). Additionally, the %SU was significantly lower in non-SS than in the negative controls (p < 0.05). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis revealed that the %SU had the greatest area-under-the curve of 0.720 (95% confidence interval = 0.618-0.807). Using the optimal cut-off value of %SU ≤ 0.07%, SS was identified with a sensitivity of 70.21% and a specificity of 70.83%. Conclusion Reduced submandibular uptake of Tc-99m pertechnetate at 20 min (%SU) was proved useful for the diagnosis of SS. Quantitative salivary gland SPECT/CT holds promise as an objective imaging modality for assessment of salivary dysfunction and may facilitate accurate classification of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620 South Korea
| | - Hyunjong Lee
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620 South Korea
| | - Hwanhee Lee
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620 South Korea
| | - Ji-In Bang
- 2Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Koo Kang
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620 South Korea
| | - Sungwoo Bae
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620 South Korea
| | - Yoo Sung Song
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620 South Korea
| | - Won Woo Lee
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620 South Korea.,3Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Dietsch AM, A Pelletier C, Solomon NP. Saliva Production and Enjoyment of Real-Food Flavors in People with and Without Dysphagia and/or Xerostomia. Dysphagia 2018; 33:803-808. [PMID: 29761380 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-018-9905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Non-food gustatory stimulation has multiple potential therapeutic benefits for people with dysphagia and xerostomia. This study examined palatability and saliva flow associated with dissolvable flavored films. Taste strips with real-food flavors dissolved on the tongues of 21 persons with dysphagia and/or xerostomia and 21 healthy age- and sex-matched adults while sublingual gauze pads absorbed saliva over randomized 3-min trials. Participants rated taste enjoyment for each trial on a hedonic general labeled magnitude scale. Flavored strips elicited more saliva than baseline for both groups, and production was higher for controls than patients (M = 2.386 and 1.091 g, respectively; p = 0.036). Main effects of flavor were observed for saliva production (p = 0.002) and hedonics (p < 0.001). Hedonic ratings and saliva production were weakly correlated (r = 0.293, p < 0.001). Results support dissolvable taste strips as a tool for providing low-risk taste stimulation in dysphagia and for eliciting an increase in saliva flow that may provide temporary relief from dry mouth symptoms. The preferred flavors were, on average, also the ones that elicited greater saliva production. Taste strips have the potential to be beneficial for swallowing-related neural activity, timing, and safety in dysphagia. Further, they may ameliorate complications of xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Dietsch
- Department of Special Education & Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 4075 East Campus Loop, BKC 113A, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
| | - Cathy A Pelletier
- Charlestown Community, Inc, 715 Maiden Choice Lane, Catonsville, MD, 21228, USA
| | - Nancy Pearl Solomon
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Audiology & Speech Pathology Center, Building 19, Floor 5, 4954 North Palmer Rd., Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
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Significance of Interleukin-6/STAT Pathway for the Gene Expression of REG Iα, a New Autoantigen in Sjögren's Syndrome Patients, in Salivary Duct Epithelial Cells. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018; 52:351-363. [PMID: 27339601 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-016-8570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The regenerating gene, Reg, was originally isolated from a rat regenerating islet complementary DNA (cDNA) library, and its human homologue was named REG Iα. Recently, we reported that REG Iα messenger RNA (mRNA), as well as its product, was overexpressed in ductal epithelial cells in the salivary glands of Sjögren's syndrome patients. Furthermore, autoantibodies against REG Iα were found in the sera of Sjögren's syndrome patients, and the patients who were positive for the anti-REG Iα antibody showed significantly lower saliva secretion than antibody-negative patients. We found the mechanism of REG Iα induction in salivary ductal epithelial cells. Reporter plasmid containing REG Iα promoter (-1190/+26) upstream of a luciferase gene was introduced into human NS-SV-DC and rat A5 salivary ductal cells. The cells were treated with several cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, etc.), upregulated in Sjögren's syndrome salivary ducts, and the transcriptional activity was measured. IL-6 stimulation significantly enhanced the REG Iα promoter activity in both cells. Deletion analysis revealed that the -141∼-117 region of the REG Iα gene was responsible for the promoter activation by IL-6, which contains a consensus sequence for signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) binding. The introduction of small interfering RNA for human STAT3 abolished IL-6-induced REG Iα transcription. These results indicated that IL-6 stimulation induced REG Iα transcription through STAT3 activation and binding to the REG Iα promoter in salivary ductal cells. This dependence of REG Iα induction upon IL-6/STAT in salivary duct epithelial cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis/progression of Sjögren's syndrome.
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Abstract
Oral cancer therapies are associated with orofacial complications that could result in dose-limiting cancer treatment and consequent suboptimal tumor control. Oral cancer treatment complications include oral mucositis, salivary gland hypofunction, odontogenic infections, pain, dermatitis, neurotoxicity, soft tissue fibrosis, trismus, osteoradionecrosis, and potential cancer recurrence. These complications significantly affect cancer survivorship, quality of life, and psychosocial status. Effective dental management of patients with oral cancer involves the coordination of care among several health care professionals before, during, and after cancer therapy. The goal is to minimize complications, and establish optimal quality of life for survivors.
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Khalafalla MG, Woods LT, Camden JM, Khan AA, Limesand KH, Petris MJ, Erb L, Weisman GA. P2X7 receptor antagonism prevents IL-1β release from salivary epithelial cells and reduces inflammation in a mouse model of autoimmune exocrinopathy. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16626-16637. [PMID: 28798231 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.790741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland inflammation is a hallmark of Sjögren's syndrome (SS), a common autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary gland and loss of saliva secretion, predominantly in women. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is an ATP-gated nonselective cation channel that induces inflammatory responses in cells and tissues, including salivary gland epithelium. In immune cells, P2X7R activation induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18, by inducing the oligomerization of the multiprotein complex NLRP3-type inflammasome. Here, our results show that in primary mouse submandibular gland (SMG) epithelial cells, P2X7R activation also induces the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the maturation and release of IL-1β, a response that is absent in SMG cells isolated from mice deficient in P2X7Rs (P2X7R-/-). P2X7R-mediated IL-1β release in SMG epithelial cells is dependent on transmembrane Na+ and/or K+ flux and the activation of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a protein required for the activation and stabilization of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Also, using the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers N-acetyl cysteine and Mito-TEMPO, we determined that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are required for P2X7R-mediated IL-1β release. Lastly, in vivo administration of the P2X7R antagonist A438079 in the CD28-/-, IFNγ-/-, NOD.H-2h4 mouse model of salivary gland exocrinopathy ameliorated salivary gland inflammation and enhanced carbachol-induced saliva secretion. These findings demonstrate that P2X7R antagonism in vivo represents a promising therapeutic strategy to limit salivary gland inflammation and improve secretory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud G Khalafalla
- From the Department of Biochemistry.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, and
| | - Lucas T Woods
- From the Department of Biochemistry.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, and
| | - Jean M Camden
- From the Department of Biochemistry.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, and
| | - Aslam A Khan
- From the Department of Biochemistry.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, and
| | - Kirsten H Limesand
- the Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721
| | - Michael J Petris
- From the Department of Biochemistry.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, and.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology,University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211-7310 and
| | - Laurie Erb
- From the Department of Biochemistry.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, and
| | - Gary A Weisman
- From the Department of Biochemistry, .,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, and
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Syed YA, Reddy BS, Ramamurthy TK, Rajendra K, Nerella NK, Krishnan M, Ramesh MV, Mohammed RB. Estimation of Salivary Parameters among Autoimmune Thyroiditis Patients. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC01-ZC04. [PMID: 28893031 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26444.10128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Saliva is a complex secretion that protects and lubricates the oral cavity. Various systemic diseases and their treatment alter the salivary gland function; one such disease is Autoimmune Thyroid Disease (AITD). AITD has been postulated to exert its hormonal influence on the salivary glands, leading to reduced salivary output. There's a paucity of literature, verifying the stated conjunction in human subjects. AIM The aim was to investigate the salivary profile in AITD patients and its comparison with controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Descriptive cross-sectional comparative study was conducted using convenience sampling method for screening the presence of thyroid disorders. Two groups comprising of 30 patients in each group diagnosed with autoimmune hypothyroiditis (n=30) and hyperthyroiditis (n=30) respectively and thirty healthy volunteers who were age and sex matched were included as controls. Saliva was collected and evaluated for Unstimulated Salivary Flow Rate (USSFR), pH and buffer capacity. ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test was performed to find the statistical significance and for pairwise comparison. RESULTS Statistically significant difference was observed between autoimmune hypothyroiditis, autoimmune hyperthyroiditis and control group with respect to USSFR (p<0.007), pH (p<0.001) and buffer capacity (p<0.001). On pairwise comparisons statistically significant difference was observed between autoimmune hypothyroiditis and autoimmune hyperthyroiditis with respect to controls. CONCLUSION We conclude that significant involvement of salivary glands may occur in cases of AITD. Our study showed significant reduction of sialometric values in AITD patients when compared to controls. A strong clinical suspicion of thyroid diseases should be considered when there is chronic hyposalivation; hence thyroid profile must also be done, if the known causes have been excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Amthul Syed
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Bh Satheesh Reddy
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Aecs Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - T K Ramamurthy
- Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Aecs Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kavitha Rajendra
- Reader, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Aecs Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Narendra Kumar Nerella
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Meenakshi Krishnan
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M V Ramesh
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rezwana Begum Mohammed
- Reader, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Murayama K, Kawakami M, Tanaka A. Chronic Changes in the Atrophied Submandibular Gland after Long-term Ligation of the Main Excretory Duct in Mice. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.26.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Murayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University
| | - Miyuki Kawakami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Advanced Research Center, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Advanced Research Center, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University
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Simmons JO, Meyers EJ, Lien W, Banfield RL, Roberts HW, Vandewalle KS. Effect of surface treatments on the mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity of desiccated glass ionomers. Dent Mater 2016; 32:1343-1351. [PMID: 27613394 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.08.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of various surface treatments on the mechanical properties and antibacterial activity of desiccated glass-ionomer (GI) and resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI) materials. METHODS One hundred GI and RMGI specimens were fabricated in a mold, stored in 100% humidity for 24h, placed in air to desiccate for 24h, and then stored for one week in one of the five media [casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), chlorhexidine (CHX), sodium fluoride (NaF), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), or 100% humidity (control)]. Fifty GI and RMGI specimens were tested in flexure to determine flexural strength and modulus, with the fragments used for Knoop hardness testing. The remaining 50 GI and RMGI specimens were covered with a suspension of Streptococcus mutans and incubated for 24h. The bacterial suspension was removed and the specimens were washed. Sterile saline was added, vortex mixed, serially diluted, and plated. CFU/mLs were calculated after 3days of incubation. RESULTS Compared to the 100% humidity control group, surface treatment of the desiccated GI and RMGI materials had a variable effect on the mechanical properties. In general, NaF provided the greatest improvement in flexural strength and modulus. Surface treatment of the desiccated GI or RMGI specimens with CHX or CPC resulted in no growth of the S. mutans. NaF resulted in significantly lower CFU/mL than CPP-ACP, which was significantly lower than the control group. SIGNIFICANCE Surface treatment with 5% NaF provides improved antimicrobial and strength properties of desiccated GI or RMGI materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer O Simmons
- United States Air Force, 1615 Truemper St., Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, TX 78236, USA.
| | - Erik J Meyers
- United States Air Force, 1615 Truemper St., Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, TX 78236, USA.
| | - Wen Lien
- United States Air Force, 3650 Chambers Pass, Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78023, USA.
| | - Rosalia L Banfield
- United States Air Force, 2200 Bergquist Dr., Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, TX 78233, USA.
| | - Howard W Roberts
- United States Air Force, 301 Fisher St., Keesler AFB, MS 39534, USA.
| | - Kraig S Vandewalle
- United States Air Force, 1615 Truemper St., Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, TX 78236, USA.
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Veerabhadrappa SK, Chandrappa PR, Patil S, Roodmal SY, Kumarswamy A, Chappi MK. Evaluation of Xerostomia in Different Psychological Disorders: An Observational Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC24-ZC27. [PMID: 27790574 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/19020.8437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychiatric diseases like anxiety, depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorders are increasing at an alarming rate. These diseases can affect the quantity and quality of saliva leading to multiple oral diseases. Although many researchers have evaluated xerostomia in general population, its prevalence is not been assessed in patients suffering from different psychological disorders. AIM To investigate the prevalence of xerostomia and to assess the correlation between xerostomia and dryness of lip and mucosa in different psychological disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was conducted over a period of six months in Department of Psychiatry and Department of Oral Medicine. Patients with anxiety, depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, as diagnosed by an experienced psychiatrist, were given a questionnaire to evaluate the xerostomia. Patients with symptoms of xerostomia were subjected to oral examination by a skilled oral diagnostician to check for dryness of lips and mucosa. One hundred patients from each group of psychiatric diseases were included in the study using a consecutive sampling technique. An equal number of healthy individuals reporting to oral medicine department for routine oral screening were included as control group after initial psychiatric evaluation. RESULTS In this study statistically significant increase in the xerostomia in psychiatric patients was recorded when compared to the control group (p<0.01). Xerostomia was significantly higher in anxiety patients (51%) followed by depression (47%), bipolar disorder (41%), schizophrenia (39%) and control group (27%). The majority of the psychiatric patients had 'moderate' to 'severe' xerostomia whereas the control group had 'mild' xerostomia. Xerostomia was significantly higher in younger age group (18-49 years) than in older age group and females patients had higher xerostomia than male patients. Psychiatric patients had significantly more dryness of lip and mucosa than healthy controls. A moderate to strong spearman correlation (r=0.72) was observed between xerostomia and psychological alterations. CONCLUSION A positive association was established between psychological alterations and xerostomia and dryness of lip and mucosa. Emotional alterations may act as a precipitating factor that could influence the salivary secretion resulting in multiple oral diseases. Psychiatrists can screen for xerostomia and collaborate with dentists for comprehensive management of xerostomia in psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kandagal Veerabhadrappa
- Lecturer, SEGi University , No. 9, Jalan Teknologi, Taman Sains, Petaling Jaya, Kota Damansara, Selangor - 47810, Malaysia
| | - Pramod Redder Chandrappa
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences , Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Snehal Patil
- Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University , Karad, Satara, Maharashtra, India
| | - Seema Yadav Roodmal
- Post graduate student, Department of Periodontology, Mahatma Gandhi Mission's Dental College and Hospital , Sector 1, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Akshay Kumarswamy
- Interim Chair Division of Periodontics, East Carolina University School of Dental Medicine , 1851 Macgregor Downs Rd, Mail Stop 701, Greenville NC 27834, USA
| | - Mounesh Kumar Chappi
- Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University , Karad, Satara, Maharashtra, India
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Inoue H, Kishimoto A, Ushikoshi-Nakayama R, Hasaka A, Takahashi A, Ryo K, Muramatsu T, Ide F, Mishima K, Saito I. Resveratrol improves salivary dysfunction in a non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 59:107-112. [PMID: 27698537 PMCID: PMC5018577 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.16-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol produced by plants in response to environmental stress. This compound has been shown to have pharmacological effects against a wide range of diseases including neurological, hepatic, cardiovascular and autoimmune conditions. The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse, in which loss of lacrimal and salivary gland function occurs, has been studied as an animal model for Sjögren’s syndrome. In this study, we confirmed that administration of resveratrol results in increased secretion of saliva in NOD mice. Although resveratrol enhanced Sirt1 activity, inflammatory cell infiltration was not affected. Moreover, expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in salivary glands was enhanced in the resveratrol-administered group. Thus, we confirmed a novel therapeutic effect for resveratrol on salivary dysfunction in Sjögren’s syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan; Department of Pharmacotherapy, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kita-Adachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Kishimoto
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoko Ushikoshi-Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hasaka
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Ayako Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Koufuchi Ryo
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Muramatsu
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan; Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental Collage, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Fumio Ide
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan; Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Ichiro Saito
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-8501, Japan
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Managing xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction: executive summary of a report from the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs. J Am Dent Assoc 2016; 145:867-73. [PMID: 25082939 DOI: 10.14219/jada.2014.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW Xerostomia, also known as "dry mouth," is a common but frequently overlooked condition that is typically associated with salivary gland hypofunction, which is the objective measurement of reduced salivary flow. Patients with dry mouth exhibit symptoms of variable severity that are commonly attributed to medication use, chronic disease and medical treatment, such as radiotherapy to the head and neck region. Chronic xerostomia significantly increases the risk of experiencing dental caries, demineralization, tooth sensitivity, candidiasis and other oral diseases that may affect quality of life negatively. This article presents a multidisciplinary approach to the clinical management of xerostomia, consistent with the findings of published systematic reviews on this key clinical issue. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Initial evaluation of patients with dry mouth should include a detailed health history to facilitate early detection and identify underlying causes. Comprehensive evaluation, diagnostic testing and periodic assessment of salivary flow, followed by corrective actions, may help prevent significant oral disease. A systematic approach to xerostomia management can facilitate interdisciplinary patient care, including collaboration with physicians regarding systemic conditions and medication use. Comprehensive management of xerostomia and hyposalivation should emphasize patient education and lifestyle modifications. It also should focus on various palliative and preventive measures, including pharmacological treatment with salivary stimulants, topical fluoride interventions and the use of sugar-free chewing gum to relieve dry-mouth symptoms and improve the patient's quality of life.
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Hayashi K, Ikari T, Sugiyama G, Sugiura T, Ohyama Y, Kumamaru W, Shirasuna K, Mori Y. Involvement of the T-box transcription factor Brachyury in early-stage embryonic mouse salivary gland. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:814-819. [PMID: 27369076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The mouse submandibular gland (SMG) is important organ for embryonic development, and branching morphogenesis is regulated by many molecules containing transcription factors. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed that the expression of Brachyury increased in the SMG and peaked between E12.5-E13.5, concomitant with the early stage of branching morphogenesis. The expression of Brachyury in SMG rudiments between E12.5-E13.5 was confirmed by western blotting. In addition, fibronectin and Btbd7 (regulated by fibronectin), which are both essential for cleft formation, were expressed strongly during the same period. The Sox2 and Wnt3a, which regulate cell growth, were also expressed strongly during E12.5-E13.5. On the other hand, cleft formation and branching morphogenesis was suppressed by knockdown of Brachyury gene, suggesting that Brachyury plays a central role in regulating cell growth and cleft formation in early-stage embryonic mouse salivary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Hayashi
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Ikari
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Japan.
| | - Goro Sugiyama
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Sugiura
- Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Ohyama
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Japan.
| | - Wataru Kumamaru
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Japan.
| | - Kanemitsu Shirasuna
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Japan.
| | - Yoshihide Mori
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Japan.
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Shin YH, Kim JM, Park K. The Effect of Capsaicin on Salivary Gland Dysfunction. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070835. [PMID: 27347918 PMCID: PMC6274068 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-N-vanilyl-6-nonenamide) is a unique alkaloid isolated from hot chili peppers of the capsicum family. Capsaicin is an agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1), which is expressed in nociceptive sensory neurons and a range of secretory epithelia, including salivary glands. Capsaicin has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in sensory neurons. Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that capsaicin also affects saliva secretion and inflammation in salivary glands. Applying capsaicin increases salivary secretion in human and animal models. Capsaicin appears to increase salivation mainly by modulating the paracellular pathway in salivary glands. Capsaicin activates TRPV1, which modulates the permeability of tight junctions (TJ) by regulating the expression and function of putative intercellular adhesion molecules in an ERK (extracelluar signal-regulated kinase) -dependent manner. Capsaicin also improved dysfunction in transplanted salivary glands. Aside from the secretory effects of capsaicin, it has anti-inflammatory effects in salivary glands. The anti-inflammatory effect of capsaicin is, however, not mediated by TRPV1, but by inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, capsaicin might be a potential drug for alleviating dry mouth symptoms and inflammation of salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hwan Shin
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea.
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea.
| | - Kyungpyo Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea.
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Shibuya M, Ikari T, Sugiyama G, Ohyama Y, Kumamaru W, Nagano K, Sugiura T, Shirasuna K, Mori Y. Efficient regulation of branching morphogenesis via fibroblast growth factor receptor 2c in early-stage embryonic mouse salivary glands. Differentiation 2016; 92:216-224. [PMID: 27206683 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Salivary gland (SG) defects have a wide range of health implications, including xerostomia, bacterial infections, and oral health issues. Branching morphogenesis is critical for SG development. A clear understanding of the mechanisms underlying this process will accelerate SG regeneration studies. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) interacts with multiple fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), which promote development. FGFR2 consists of two isoforms, FGFR2b and FGFR2c. FGFR2b is critical for SG development, but little is known about the expression and function of FGFR2c. We investigated the expression of all FGFR family members in fetal SGs between embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) and E18.5. Based on RT-PCR, we observed an increase in the expression of not only Fgfr2b, but also Fgfr2c in early-stage embryonic mouse SGs, suggesting that FGFR2c is related to SG development. The branch number decreased in response to exogenous FGF2 stimulation, and this effect was suppressed by a mouse anti-FGFR2c neutralizing antibody (NA) and siRNA targeting FGFR2c, whereas FGFR2b signaling was not inhibited. Moreover, the expression of marker genes related to EMT was induced by FGF2, and this expression was suppressed by the NA. These results suggested that branching morphogenesis in SGs is regulated by FGFR2c, in addition to FGFR2b. Interestingly, FGFR2c signaling also led to increased fgf10 expression, and this increase was suppressed by the NA. FGFR2c signaling regulates branching morphogenesis through the activation of FGFR2b signaling via increased FGF10 autocrine. These results provide new insight into the mechanisms by which crosstalk between FGFR2b and FGFR2c results in efficient branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Shibuya
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ikari
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Goro Sugiyama
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Ohyama
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Wataru Kumamaru
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koki Nagano
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sugiura
- Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kanemitsu Shirasuna
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Mori
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Ikeda A, Taketa H, Sathi GA, Hirano Y, Iida S, Matsumoto T. Functional peptide KP24 enhances submandibular gland tissue growth in vitro. Regen Ther 2016; 3:108-113. [PMID: 31245481 PMCID: PMC6581832 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Salivary gland hypofunction, also known as xerostomia, occurs as a result of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, autoimmune diseases, or aging. Xerostomia leads to oral health problems and thus affects the quality of life. Biological salivary gland tissue generated in vitro would provide an alternative mode of treatment for this disease. Methods To develop a novel method for modulating salivary gland tissue growth in vitro, we prepared a KP24 peptide-immobilized hydrogel sheet, wherein the peptide comprised repeating proline and lysine sequences, and evaluated the effect of this peptide on salivary gland tissue growth. Results We found that the KP24 peptide has the potential to enhance glandular tissue growth in vitro. This enhancement is associated with neurite outgrowth and increasing neural innervation. Conclusion KP24 peptide modified material would be a promising material for the modulation of salivary gland tissue growth in vitro. KP24 immobilized hydrogel enhanced the growth of submandibular gland tissue in vitro. KP24 immobilized hydrogel is related to the neuronal innervasion and neurite outgrowth in growing submandibular gland tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ikeda
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Taketa
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Gulsan Ara Sathi
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hirano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-1 Yamate, Suita 564-8680, Japan
| | - Seiji Iida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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Prestifilippo JP, Fernández-Solari J, Martinel Lamas DJ, Rios CE, Mohn C, Perazzo JC, Rivera ES, Elverdin JC, Medina VA. Pharmacological targeting of histamine H4receptor in periodontal disease. Oral Dis 2016; 22:423-9. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JP Prestifilippo
- Physiology Department; School of Dentistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - J Fernández-Solari
- Physiology Department; School of Dentistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - DJ Martinel Lamas
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes; School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED); School of Medical Sciences; CONICET; Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - CE Rios
- Physiology Department; School of Dentistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - C Mohn
- Physiology Department; School of Dentistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - JC Perazzo
- Pathophysiology; School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - ES Rivera
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes; School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - JC Elverdin
- Physiology Department; School of Dentistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - VA Medina
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes; School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED); School of Medical Sciences; CONICET; Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA); Buenos Aires Argentina
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Bharti R, Chandra A, Tikku AP, Arya D, Gupta R. Oral care needs, barriers and challenges among elderly in India. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2016; 15:17-22. [PMID: 26929481 PMCID: PMC4762292 DOI: 10.4103/0972-4052.155044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This paper presents an approach to the assessment of oral health needs of elderly and barriers to receive oral care in the life course. Background: The dental needs of the elderly are changing and growing day by day. The management of older patients requires not only an understanding of the medical and dental aspects of ageing but also provide them good oral health service. In the life course of elderly there are many hurdles to receive proper oral care. The use of an assessment of oral health need will be essential in the development of care pathways to the elderly. Methods: The proportion of older people is growing faster than that of any other age group. There is no sound database regarding the oral disease burden and treatment needs of the elderly in India. Physical and biological barriers with age can also affect oral health care either directly or indirectly. Conclusion: Oral care guidelines designed to assist elderly should consider not only prevention and treatment modalities but also the means of implementing such therapies in varying settings and utilizing the whole dental team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Bharti
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Chandra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aseem Prakash Tikku
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deeksha Arya
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Material Sciences, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Gupta
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kawakami M, Ishikawa H, Tanaka A, Mataga I. Induction and differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells from human buccal fat pads into salivary gland cells. Hum Cell 2016; 29:101-10. [PMID: 26842556 PMCID: PMC4930478 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-016-0132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atrophy or hypofunction of the salivary gland because of aging or disease leads to hyposalivation that affects patient quality of life by causing dry mouth, deterioration of mastication/deglutition, and poor oral hygiene status. Current therapy for atrophy or hypofunction of the salivary gland in clinical practice focuses on symptom relief using drugs and artificial saliva; therefore, there is still a need to develop new therapies. To investigate potential novel therapeutic targets, we induced the differentiation of salivary gland cells by co-culturing human adipose-derived stem cells isolated from buccal fat pads (hBFP-ASCs) with human salivary-gland-derived fibroblasts (hSG-fibros). We examined their potential for transplantation and tissue neogenesis. Following the culture of hBFP-ASCs and hSG-fibros, differentiated cells were transplanted into the submandibular glands of SCID mice, and their degree of differentiation in tissues was determined. We also examined their potential for functional tissue reconstitution using a three-dimensional (3D) culture system. Co-cultured cells expressed salivary-glandrelated markers and generated new tissues following transplantation in vivo. Moreover, cell reconstituted glandular structures in the 3D culture system. In conclusion, coculture of hSG-fibros with hBFP-ASCs led to successful differentiation into salivary gland cells that could be transplanted to generate new tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Kawakami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan.
- Department of NDU Life Sciences, School of Life Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0071, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Department of NDU Life Sciences, School of Life Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0071, Japan
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata Hospital, The Nippon Dental University, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Advanced Research Center, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan
| | - Izumi Mataga
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan
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Regenerating Gene Protein as a Novel Autoantigen in the Pathogenesis of Sjögren’s Syndrome. Antibodies (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/antib4040409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Muddugangadhar BC, Sangur R, Rudraprasad IV, Nandeeshwar DB, Kumar BHD. A clinical study to compare between resting and stimulated whole salivary flow rate and pH before and after complete denture placement in different age groups. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2015; 15:356-66. [PMID: 26929540 PMCID: PMC4762355 DOI: 10.4103/0972-4052.164907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared the flow rate and pH of resting (unstimulated) and stimulated whole saliva before and after complete denture placement in different age groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty healthy, non-medicated edentulous individuals of different age groups requiring complete denture prostheses were selected from the outpatient department. The resting (unstimulated) and stimulated whole saliva and pH were measured at three stages i.e., i)Before complete denture placement;ii)Immediately after complete denture placement; andiii)After 2 to 3 months of complete denture placement. Saliva production was stimulated by chewing paraffin wax. pH was determined by using a digital pH meter. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were seen in resting(unstimulated) and stimulated whole salivary flow rate and pH obtained before, immediately after, and after 2 to 3 months of complete denture placement. No statistically significant differences were found between the different age groups in resting (unstimulated) as well as stimulated whole salivary flow rate and pH. CONCLUSION Stimulated whole salivary flow rates and pH were significantly higher than resting (unstimulated) whole salivary flow rates and pH obtained before, immediately after, and after 2 to 3 months of complete denture placement. No age related variations in whole salivary flow rate and pH were observed in healthy, non-medicated individuals. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The assessment of salivary flow rate, pH in different age groups is of prognostic value, which is an important aspect to be considered in the practice of removable prosthodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. C. Muddugangadhar
- Department of Prosthodontics Including Crown and Bridge and Implantology, M R Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajashekar Sangur
- Department of Prosthodontics Including Crown and Bridge and Implantology, Rama Dental College and Hospital, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - I. V. Rudraprasad
- Department of Prosthodontics Including Crown and Bridge and Implantology, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - D. B. Nandeeshwar
- Department of Prosthodontics Including Crown and Bridge and Implantology, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - B. H. Dhanya Kumar
- Department of Prosthodontics Including Crown and Bridge and Implantology, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
Patients are living longer and the rate of edentulism is decreasing. Endodontic treatment is an essential part of maintaining the health and well-being of the elderly. Retention of natural teeth improves the quality of life and the overall health and longevity of ageing patients. Also, teeth that might be otherwise extracted may be strategically valuable to retain a prosthesis, and elderly patients are more likely to have medical complications that may prevent dental extractions from being safely performed. The technical goals of endodontic treatment in the elderly are the same as those for younger patients. However, the pulpo-dentinal complex undergoes calcific changes over time, which may pose challenges for the clinician. The purposes of this review are to discuss age changes in the pulp and the challenges posed by diagnosing, treatment planning and treating the elderly endodontic patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Johnstone
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Ogawa M, Tsuji T. Functional salivary gland regeneration as the next generation of organ replacement regenerative therapy. Odontology 2015; 103:248-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-015-0210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Woods LT, Camden JM, El-Sayed FG, Khalafalla MG, Petris MJ, Erb L, Weisman GA. Increased Expression of TGF-β Signaling Components in a Mouse Model of Fibrosis Induced by Submandibular Gland Duct Ligation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123641. [PMID: 25955532 PMCID: PMC4425516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multi-functional cytokine with a well-described role in the regulation of tissue fibrosis and regeneration in the liver, kidney and lung. Submandibular gland (SMG) duct ligation and subsequent deligation in rodents is a classical model for studying salivary gland damage and regeneration. While previous studies suggest that TGF-β may contribute to salivary gland fibrosis, the expression of TGF-β signaling components has not been investigated in relation to mouse SMG duct ligation-induced fibrosis and regeneration following ductal deligation. Following a 7 day SMG duct ligation, TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 were significantly upregulated in the SMG, as were TGF-β receptor 1 and downstream Smad family transcription factors in salivary acinar cells, but not in ductal cells. In acinar cells, duct ligation also led to upregulation of snail, a Smad-activated E-cadherin repressor and regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, whereas in ductal cells upregulation of E-cadherin was observed while snail expression was unchanged. Upregulation of these TGF-β signaling components correlated with upregulation of fibrosis markers collagen 1 and fibronectin, responses that were inhibited by administration of the TGF-β receptor 1 inhibitors SB431542 or GW788388. After SMG regeneration following a 28 day duct deligation, TGF-β signaling components and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers returned to levels similar to non-ligated controls. The results from this study indicate that increased TGF-β signaling contributes to duct ligation-induced changes in salivary epithelium that correlate with glandular fibrosis. Furthermore, the reversibility of enhanced TGF-β signaling in acinar cells of duct-ligated mouse SMG after deligation indicates that this is an ideal model for studying TGF-β signaling mechanisms in salivary epithelium as well as mechanisms of fibrosis initiation and their resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas T. Woods
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jean M. Camden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Farid G. El-Sayed
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Mahmoud G. Khalafalla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Petris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Laurie Erb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Gary A. Weisman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sialometry: aspects of clinical interest. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2015; 53:525-31. [PMID: 24477731 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole saliva is a multiglandular secretion complex consisting of gingival fluid, desquamated epithelial cells, microorganisms, products of bacterial metabolism, food debris, leukocytes mucus from the nasal cavity and the pharynx. Saliva has many functions, including tissue repair, tamponage, protection, digestion, taste, antimicrobial action, maintaining tooth integrity and antioxidant defense system. A decrease in salivary flow (hyposalivation) is a common disorder and it is estimated that approximately 20% of the general population have this alteration. Hyposalivation may be due to diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, dehydration, impaired glandular parenchyma by infectious processes, granulomatous diseases or autoimmune and inflammatory conditions (such as Sjogren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis), radiotherapy of head and/or neck region, or it may be associated with mood disorders, adverse effects caused by the use of some medications or even be idiopathic. Conventional therapies for the treatment of reduced saliva flow with the use of chemical and gustatory secretagogues are still limited. However, new alternatives have shown great perspective in the treatment of this disorder. To diagnose a patient as having chronic hyposalivation is a challenge in clinical practice and methods of salivary flow assessment are little known by rheumatologists. The serial evaluation of salivary flow is important for the diagnosis and prognosis of certain oral and systemic conditions. This review addresses some aspects related to the role of saliva, the consequences of hyposalivation and methods of salivary flow rate measurement, useful concepts in the daily practice of rheumatology.
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Abdullah MJ. Prevalence of xerostomia in patients attending Shorish dental speciality in Sulaimani city. J Clin Exp Dent 2015; 7:e45-53. [PMID: 25810841 PMCID: PMC4368017 DOI: 10.4317/jced.51867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of xerostomia among dental patients and explore the possible risk factors and symptoms associated with this condition.
Patient and Methods: The prevalence of xerostomia and its associations were investigated among patients (n=1132) who were visiting the department of oral medicine at shorish dental speciality in sulaimani city. The age range was between 10-79 years. 512 (45.2%) of participants were males and 620 (54.8%) were females. The data collected were age, sex, systemic diseases, medications and habit of smoking. Logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to investigate the association of xerostomia with age, systemic diseases and medications and Chi Square test was also used to analyze the data.
Results: Prevalence of xerostomia was 16.07%. Prevalence of xerostomia was significantly higher among females (19.51%) than males (11.91%) (P=0.001). The most common diseases with the highest prevalence of xerostomia were psychological disorders (57.14%) followed by diabetes mellitus (53.84%), neurological disorders (40%), thyroid disorders (37.5%) and hypertension (36.48%). The most common medication with the highest prevalence of xerostomia was antihistamine (66.66%) followed by psychotherapeutic medications (60%), pain medications (55.88%), endocrinologic agents (51.21%), antidyslipidic agents (50%) and antihypertensive medication (38.98%). Xerostomia was significantly associated with ageing (OR: 1.02, P=0.000), systemic diseases (OR: 2.80, P=0.000) and medications (OR: 5.17, P=0.000). There was a high prevalence of reported symptoms of xerostomia and these symptoms were more prevalent among females, Prevalence of xerostomia was higher in heavy smoker patients (19.48%) than non smoker patients but not significantly (16.14%) (p= 0.44).
Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of xerostomia among dental patients; xerostomia was significantly more prevalent among females and significantly associated with age, systemic diseases and medications; xerostomia adversely affects oral functions; dentist must be familial with sign and symptoms of xerostomia and can have an active role in the management of xerostomia and preventing or treating complications.
Key words:Ageing, medications, xerostomia, prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Jamel Abdullah
- B.D.S., M.Sc.Oral Medicine, Oral Medicine Clinic of the school of dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan region, Iraq
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