1
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McClarty BM, Rodriguez G, Dong H. Class 1 histone deacetylases differentially modulate memory and synaptic genes in a spatial and temporal manner in aged and APP/PS1 mice. Brain Res 2024; 1837:148951. [PMID: 38642789 PMCID: PMC11182336 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetics plays a vital role in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, whether epigenetic alterations during aging can initiate AD and exacerbate AD progression remains unclear. In this study, using 3-, 12- and 18- month-old APP/PS1 mice and age matched WT littermates, we conducted a series of memory tests, measured synapse-related gene expression, class 1 histone deacetylases (HDACs) abundance, and H3K9ac levels at target gene promoters in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Our results showed impaired recognition and long-term spatial memory in 18-month-old WT mice and impaired recognition, short-term working, and long-term spatial reference memory in 12-and 18- month-old APP/PS1 mice. These memory impairments are associated with changes of synapse-related gene (nr2a, glur1, glur2, psd95) expression, HDAC abundance, and H3K9ac levels; more specifically, increased HDAC2 was associated with synapse-related gene expression changes through modulation of H3K9ac at the gene promoters during aging and AD progression in the hippocampus. Conversely, increased HDAC3 was associated with synapse-related gene expression changes through modulation of H3K9ac at the gene promoters during AD progression in the PFC. These findings suggest memory impairments in aging and AD may associated with a differential HDAC modulation of synapse-related gene expression in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M McClarty
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Ward 7-103, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Guadalupe Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Ward 7-103, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hongxin Dong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Ward 7-103, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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2
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Cao Z, Kong F, Ding J, Chen C, He F, Deng W. Promoting Alzheimer's disease research and therapy with stem cell technology. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:136. [PMID: 38715083 PMCID: PMC11077895 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03737-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent form of dementia leading to memory loss, reduced cognitive and linguistic abilities, and decreased self-care. Current AD treatments aim to relieve symptoms and slow disease progression, but a cure is elusive due to limited understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms. MAIN CONTENT Stem cell technology has the potential to revolutionize AD research. With the ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types, stem cells are valuable tools for disease modeling, drug screening, and cell therapy. Recent advances have broadened our understanding beyond the deposition of amyloidβ (Aβ) or tau proteins in AD to encompass risk genes, immune system disorders, and neuron-glia mis-communication, relying heavily on stem cell-derived disease models. These stem cell-based models (e.g., organoids and microfluidic chips) simulate in vivo pathological processes with extraordinary spatial and temporal resolution. Stem cell technologies have the potential to alleviate AD pathology through various pathways, including immunomodulation, replacement of damaged neurons, and neurotrophic support. In recent years, transplantation of glial cells like oligodendrocytes and the infusion of exosomes have become hot research topics. CONCLUSION Although stem cell-based models and therapies for AD face several challenges, such as extended culture time and low differentiation efficiency, they still show considerable potential for AD treatment and are likely to become preferred tools for AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Fanshu Kong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jiaqi Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Fumei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China.
| | - Wenbin Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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3
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Harley J, Santosa MM, Ng CY, Grinchuk OV, Hor JH, Liang Y, Lim VJ, Tee WW, Ong DST, Ng SY. Telomere shortening induces aging-associated phenotypes in hiPSC-derived neurons and astrocytes. Biogerontology 2024; 25:341-360. [PMID: 37987889 PMCID: PMC10998800 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Telomere shortening is a well-established hallmark of cellular aging. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) plays a crucial role in maintaining the length of telomeres, which are specialised protective caps at the end of chromosomes. The lack of in vitro aging models, particularly for the central nervous system (CNS), has impeded progress in understanding aging and age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we aimed to explore the possibility of inducing aging-associated features in cell types of the CNS using hiPSC (human induced pluripotent stem cell) technology. To achieve this, we utilised CRISPR/Cas9 to generate hiPSCs with a loss of telomerase function and shortened telomeres. Through directed differentiation, we generated motor neurons and astrocytes to investigate whether telomere shortening could lead to age-associated phenotypes. Our findings revealed that shortened telomeres induced age-associated characteristics in both motor neurons and astrocytes including increased cellular senescence, heightened inflammation, and elevated DNA damage. We also observed cell-type specific age-related morphology changes. Additionally, our study highlighted the fundamental role of TERT and telomere shortening in neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation and neuronal differentiation. This study serves as a proof of concept that telomere shortening can effectively induce aging-associated phenotypes, thereby providing a valuable tool to investigate age-related decline and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Harley
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Munirah Mohamad Santosa
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Chong Yi Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Oleg V Grinchuk
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Jin-Hui Hor
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Yajing Liang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Valerie Jingwen Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Wee Wei Tee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Derrick Sek Tong Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Shi-Yan Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
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4
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Vandishi AK, Esmaeili A, Taghipour N. The promising prospect of human hair follicle regeneration in the shadow of new tissue engineering strategies. Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102338. [PMID: 38428370 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Hair loss disorder (alopecia) affects numerous people around the world. The low effectiveness and numerous side effects of common treatments have prompted researchers to investigate alternative and effective solutions. Hair follicle (HF) bioengineering is the knowledge of using hair-inductive (trichogenic) cells. Most bioengineering-based approaches focus on regenerating folliculogenesis through manipulation of regulators of physical/molecular properties in the HF niche. Despite the high potential of cell therapy, no cell product has been produced for effective treatment in the field of hair regeneration. This problem shows the challenges in the functionality of cultured human hair cells. To achieve this goal, research and development of new and practical approaches, technologies and biomaterials are needed. Based on recent advances in the field, this review evaluates emerging HF bioengineering strategies and the future prospects for the field of tissue engineering and successful HF regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Karami Vandishi
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Esmaeili
- Student Research Committee, Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Taghipour
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Yang J, Liu J, Liang J, Li F, Wang W, Chen H, Xie X. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in age-associated thymic involution: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102115. [PMID: 37922996 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The thymus is a critical immune organ with endocrine and immune functions that plays important roles in the physiological and pathological processes of the body. However, with aging, the thymus undergoes degenerative changes leading to decreased production and output of naive T cells and the secretion of thymic hormones and related cytokines, thereby promoting the occurrence and development of various age-associated diseases. Therefore, identifying essential processes that regulate age-associated thymic involution is crucial for long-term control of thymic involution and age-associated disease progression. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a well-established process involved in organ aging and functional impairment through tissue fibrosis in several organs, such as the heart and kidney. In the thymus, EMT promotes fibrosis and potentially adipogenesis, leading to thymic involution. This review focuses on the factors involved in thymic involution, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and hormones, from the perspective of EMT. Furthermore, current interventions for reversing age-associated thymic involution by targeting EMT-associated processes are summarized. Understanding the key mechanisms of thymic involution through EMT as an entry point may promote the development of new therapies and clinical agents to reverse thymic involution and age-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Juan Liu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Liang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fan Li
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Xiang Xie
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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6
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Verhoeff K, Marfil-Garza BA, Czarnecka Z, Cuesta-Gomez N, Jasra IT, Dadheech N, Senior PA, Shapiro AMJ. Stem Cell-Derived Islet Transplantation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Can Diabetes Subtypes Guide Implementation? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2772-2778. [PMID: 37170783 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Historically, only patients with brittle diabetes or severe recurrent hypoglycemia have been considered for islet transplantation (ITx). This population has been selected to optimize the risk-benefit profile, considering risks of long-term immunosuppression and limited organ supply. However, with the advent of stem cell (SC)-derived ITx and the potential for immunosuppression-free ITx, consideration of a broader recipient cohort may soon be justified. Simultaneously, the classical categorization of diabetes is being challenged by growing evidence in support of a clustering of disease subtypes that can be better categorized by the All New Diabetics in Scania (ANDIS) classification system. Using the ANDIS classification, 5 subtypes of diabetes have been described, each with unique causes and consequences. We evaluate consideration for ITx in the context of this broader patient population and the new classification of diabetes subtypes. In this review, we evaluate considerations for ITx based on novel diabetes subtypes, including their limitations, and we elaborate on unique transplant features that should now be considered to enable ITx in these "unconventional" patient cohorts. Based on evidence from those receiving whole pancreas transplant and our more than 20-year experience with ITx, we offer recommendations and potential research avenues to justify implementation of SC-derived ITx in broader populations of patients with all types of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Verhoeff
- Department of Surgery, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Braulio A Marfil-Garza
- National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology, University of Alberta, and CHRISTUS-LatAm Hub-Excellence and Innovation Center, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Zofia Czarnecka
- Department of Surgery, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Nerea Cuesta-Gomez
- Department of Surgery, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Ila Tewari Jasra
- Department of Surgery, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Nidheesh Dadheech
- Department of Surgery, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Peter A Senior
- Clinical Islet Transplant Programme, Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Department of Surgery, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
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7
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Zhang C, Saurat N, Cornacchia D, Chung SY, Sikder T, Minotti A, Studer L, Betel D. Identifying novel age-modulating compounds and quantifying cellular aging using novel computational framework for evaluating transcriptional age. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.03.547539. [PMID: 37461485 PMCID: PMC10349953 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.03.547539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provides access to most cell types and tissues. However, hPSC-derived lineages capture a fetal-stage of development and methods to accelerate progression to an aged identity are limited. Understanding the factors driving cellular age and rejuvenation is also essential for efforts aimed at extending human life and health span. A prerequisite for such studies is the development of methods to score cellular age and simple readouts to assess the relative impact of various age modifying strategies. Here we established a transcriptional score (RNAge) in young versus old primary fibroblasts, frontal cortex and substantia nigra tissue. We validated the score in independent RNA-seq datasets and demonstrated a strong cell and tissue specificity. In fibroblasts we observed a reset of RNAge during iPSC reprogramming while direct reprogramming of aged fibroblasts to induced neurons (iN) resulted in the maintenance of both a neuronal and a fibroblast aging signature. Increased RNAge in hPSC-derived neurons was confirmed for several age-inducing strategies such as SATB1 loss, progerin expression or chemical induction of senescence (SLO). Using RNAge as a probe set, we next performed an in-silico screen using the LINCS L1000 dataset. We identified and validated several novel age-inducing and rejuvenating compounds, and we observed that RNAage captures age-related changes associated with distinct cellular hallmarks of age. Our study presents a simple tool to score age manipulations and identifies compounds that greatly expand the toolset of age-modifying strategies in hPSC derived lineages.
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8
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Ali HRW, Suliman S, Osman TAH, Carrasco M, Bruland O, Costea DE, Ræder H, Mustafa K. Xeno-free generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from donor-matched fibroblasts isolated from dermal and oral tissues. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:199. [PMID: 37559144 PMCID: PMC10410907 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) can be generated from various somatic cells and can subsequently be differentiated to multiple cell types of the body. This makes them highly promising for cellular therapy in regenerative medicine. However, to facilitate their clinical use and to ensure safety, iPS culturing protocols must be compliant with good manufacturing practice guidelines and devoid of xenogenic products. Therefore, we aimed to compare the efficiency of using humanized culture conditions, specifically human platelet lysate to fetal bovine serum, for iPS generation from different sources, and to evaluate their stemness. METHODS iPS were generated via a platelet lysate or fetal bovine serum-based culturing protocol from matched dermal, buccal and gingival human fibroblasts, isolated from healthy donors (n = 2) after informed consent, via episomal plasmid transfection. Pluripotency, genotype and phenotype of iPS, generated by both protocols, were then assessed by various methods. RESULTS More attempts were generally required to successfully reprogram xeno-free fibroblasts to iPS, as compared to xenogenic cultured fibroblasts. Furthermore, oral fibroblasts generally required more attempts for successful iPS generation as opposed to dermal fibroblasts. Morphologically, all iPS generated from fibroblasts formed tight colonies surrounded by a reflective "whitish" outer rim, typical for iPS. They also expressed pluripotency markers at both gene (SOX2, OCT4, NANOG) and protein level (SOX2, OCT4). Upon stimulation, all iPS showed ability to differentiate into the three primary germ layers via expression of lineage-specific markers for mesoderm (MESP1, OSR1, HOPX), endoderm (GATA4) and ectoderm (PAX6, RAX). Genome analysis revealed several amplifications and deletions within the chromosomes of each iPS type. CONCLUSIONS The xeno-free protocol had a lower reprogramming efficiency compared to the standard xenogenic protocol. The oral fibroblasts generally proved to be more difficult to reprogram than dermal fibroblasts. Xeno-free dermal, buccal and gingival fibroblasts can successfully generate iPS with a comparable genotype/phenotype to their xenogenic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan R W Ali
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Centre for Translational Oral Research (TOR), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Salwa Suliman
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Centre for Translational Oral Research (TOR), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tarig Al-Hadi Osman
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Centre for Translational Oral Research (TOR), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Manuel Carrasco
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Bruland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniela-Elena Costea
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helge Ræder
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Centre for Translational Oral Research (TOR), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
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9
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Holloway K, Neherin K, Dam KU, Zhang H. Cellular senescence and neurodegeneration. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1247-1262. [PMID: 37115318 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Advancing age is a major risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The worldwide prevalence of AD is approximately 50 million people, and this number is projected to increase substantially. The molecular mechanisms underlying the aging-associated susceptibility to cognitive impairment in AD are largely unknown. As a hallmark of aging, cellular senescence is a significant contributor to aging and age-related diseases including AD. Senescent neurons and glial cells have been detected to accumulate in the brains of AD patients and mouse models. Importantly, selective elimination of senescent cells ameliorates amyloid beta and tau pathologies and improves cognition in AD mouse models, indicating a critical role of cellular senescence in AD pathogenesis. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying when and how cellular senescence contributes to AD pathogenesis remain unclear. This review provides an overview of cellular senescence and discusses recent advances in the understanding of the impact of cellular senescence on AD pathogenesis, with brief discussions of the possible role of cellular senescence in other neurodegenerative diseases including Down syndrome, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher Holloway
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Kashfia Neherin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Kha Uyen Dam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
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10
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Liu Y, Zhou Z, Wu S, Ni G, Zhang A, Tsimring LS, Hasty J, Hao N. Enhanced cellular longevity arising from environmental fluctuations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.05.547867. [PMID: 37461504 PMCID: PMC10350066 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.05.547867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Cellular longevity is regulated by both genetic and environmental factors. However, the interactions of these factors in the context of aging remain largely unclear. Here, we formulate a mathematical model for dynamic glucose modulation of a core gene circuit in yeast aging, which not only guided the design of pro-longevity interventions, but also revealed the theoretical principles underlying these interventions. We introduce the dynamical systems theory to capture two general means for promoting longevity - the creation of a stable fixed point in the "healthy" state of the cell and the dynamic stabilization of the system around this healthy state through environmental oscillations. Guided by the model, we investigate how both of these can be experimentally realized by dynamically modulating environmental glucose levels. The results establish a paradigm for theoretically analyzing the trajectories and perturbations of aging that can be generalized to aging processes in diverse cell types and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Songlin Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gavin Ni
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alex Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lev S. Tsimring
- Synthetic Biology Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jeff Hasty
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Synthetic Biology Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nan Hao
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Synthetic Biology Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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11
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Mullis AS, Kaplan DL. Functional bioengineered tissue models of neurodegenerative diseases. Biomaterials 2023; 298:122143. [PMID: 37146365 PMCID: PMC10209845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases remain poorly understood and no disease-modifying treatments exist despite decades of investigation. Predominant in vitro (e.g., 2D cell culture, organoids) and in vivo (e.g., mouse) models of these diseases are insufficient mimics of human brain tissue structure and function and of human neurodegenerative pathobiology, and have thus contributed to this collective translational failure. This has been a longstanding challenge in the field, and new strategies are required to address both fundamental and translational needs. Bioengineered tissue culture models constitute a class of promising alternatives, as they can overcome the low cell density, poor nutrient exchange, and long term culturability limitations of existing in vitro models. Further, they can reconstruct the structural, mechanical, and biochemical cues of native brain tissue, providing a better mimic of human brain tissues for in vitro pathobiological investigation and drug development. We discuss bioengineering techniques for the generation of these neurodegenerative tissue models, including biomaterials-, organoid-, and microfluidics-based approaches, and design considerations for their construction. To aid the development of the next generation of functional neurodegenerative disease models, we discuss approaches to incorporate greater cellular diversity and simulate aging processes within bioengineered brain tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Mullis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA; Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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12
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Rosen RS, Yarmush ML. Current Trends in Anti-Aging Strategies. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 25:363-385. [PMID: 37289554 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-120122-123054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The process of aging manifests from a highly interconnected network of biological cascades resulting in the degradation and breakdown of every living organism over time. This natural development increases risk for numerous diseases and can be debilitating. Academic and industrial investigators have long sought to impede, or potentially reverse, aging in the hopes of alleviating clinical burden, restoring functionality, and promoting longevity. Despite widespread investigation, identifying impactful therapeutics has been hindered by narrow experimental validation and the lack of rigorous study design. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the biological mechanisms of aging and how this understanding both informs and limits interpreting data from experimental models based on these mechanisms. We also discuss select therapeutic strategies that have yielded promising data in these model systems with potential clinical translation. Lastly, we propose a unifying approach needed to rigorously vet current and future therapeutics and guide evaluation toward efficacious therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Rosen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA;
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA;
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13
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Koptyug A, Sukhovei Y, Kostolomova E, Unger I, Kozlov V. Novel Strategy in Searching for Natural Compounds with Anti-Aging and Rejuvenating Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098020. [PMID: 37175723 PMCID: PMC10178965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We suggest a novel approach for searching natural compounds with anti-aging and rejuvenation potential using cell cultures, with a high potential for the further in vivo applications. The present paper discusses ways of defining age for cell populations with large numbers of cells and suggests a method of assessing how young or old a cell population is based on a cell age profile approach. This approach uses experimental distributions of the cells over the cell cycle stages, acquired using flow cytometry. This paper discusses how such a profile should evolve under homeostatic maintenance of cell numbers in the proliferation niches. We describe promising results from experiments on a commercial substance claiming rejuvenating and anti-aging activity acting upon the cultures of human mononuclear cells and dermal fibroblasts. The chosen substance promotes a shift towards larger proportion of cells in synthesis and proliferation stages, and increases cell culture longevity. Further, we describe promising in vivo testing results of a selected food supplement. Based on the described concept of cell age profile and available test results, a strategy to search for natural compounds with regenerative, anti-aging and rejuvenation potential is suggested and proposed for wider and thorough testing. Proposed methodology of age assessment is rather generic and can be used for quantitative assessment of the anti-aging and rejuvenation potential of different interventions. Further research aimed at the tests of the suggested strategy using more substances and different interventions, and the thorough studies of molecular mechanisms related to the action of the substance used for testing the suggested search methodology, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Koptyug
- SportsTech Research Center, Department of Engineering, Mathematics and Science Education, Mid Sweden University, Akademigatan 1, 831 25 Östersund, Sweden
| | - Yurij Sukhovei
- Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Tyumen Branch, Kotovskogo Str. 5, 625027 Tyumen, Russia
| | - Elena Kostolomova
- Department of Microbiology, Tyumen State Medical University, Kotovskogo Str. 5/2, 625023 Tyumen, Russia
| | - Irina Unger
- Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Tyumen Branch, Kotovskogo Str. 5, 625027 Tyumen, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kozlov
- Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Yadrintcevskaya Str. 14, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
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14
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Barrachina L, Arshaghi TE, O'Brien A, Ivanovska A, Barry F. Induced pluripotent stem cells in companion animals: how can we move the field forward? Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1176772. [PMID: 37180067 PMCID: PMC10168294 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1176772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a one medicine approach, the development of regenerative therapies for human patients leads to innovative treatments for animals, while pre-clinical studies on animals provide knowledge to advance human medicine. Among many different biological products under investigation, stem cells are among the most prominent. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are extensively investigated, but they present challenges such as senescence and limited differentiation ability. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent cells with a virtually unlimited capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, but the use of embryos carries ethical concerns. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can overcome all of these limitations, as they closely resemble ESCs but are derived from adult cells by reprogramming in the laboratory using pluripotency-associated transcription factors. iPSCs hold great potential for applications in therapy, disease modeling, drug screening, and even species preservation strategies. However, iPSC technology is less developed in veterinary species compared to human. This review attempts to address the specific challenges associated with generating and applying iPSCs from companion animals. Firstly, we discuss strategies for the preparation of iPSCs in veterinary species and secondly, we address the potential for different applications of iPSCs in companion animals. Our aim is to provide an overview on the state of the art of iPSCs in companion animals, focusing on equine, canine, and feline species, as well as to identify which aspects need further optimization and, where possible, to provide guidance on future advancements. Following a "step-by-step" approach, we cover the generation of iPSCs in companion animals from the selection of somatic cells and the reprogramming strategies, to the expansion and characterization of iPSCs. Subsequently, we revise the current applications of iPSCs in companion animals, identify the main hurdles, and propose future paths to move the field forward. Transferring the knowledge gained from human iPSCs can increase our understanding in the biology of pluripotent cells in animals, but it is critical to further investigate the differences among species to develop specific approaches for animal iPSCs. This is key for significantly advancing iPSC application in veterinary medicine, which at the same time will also allow gaining pre-clinical knowledge transferable to human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), Biosciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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15
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Chou CC, Vest R, Prado MA, Wilson-Grady J, Paulo JA, Shibuya Y, Moran-Losada P, Lee TT, Luo J, Gygi SP, Kelly JW, Finley D, Wernig M, Wyss-Coray T, Frydman J. Proteostasis and lysosomal quality control deficits in Alzheimer's disease neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.27.534444. [PMID: 37034684 PMCID: PMC10081252 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.27.534444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The role of proteostasis and organelle homeostasis dysfunction in human aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. Analyzing proteome-wide changes in human donor fibroblasts and their corresponding transdifferentiated neurons (tNeurons), we find aging and AD synergistically impair multiple proteostasis pathways, most notably lysosomal quality control (LQC). In particular, we show that ESCRT-mediated lysosomal repair defects are associated with both sporadic and PSEN1 familial AD. Aging- and AD-linked defects are detected in fibroblasts but highly exacerbated in tNeurons, leading to enhanced neuronal vulnerability, unrepaired lysosomal damage, inflammatory factor secretion and cytotoxicity. Surprisingly, tNeurons from aged and AD donors spontaneously develop amyloid-β inclusions co-localizing with LQC markers, LAMP1/2-positive lysosomes and proteostasis factors; we observe similar inclusions in brain tissue from AD patients and APP-transgenic mice. Importantly, compounds enhancing lysosomal function broadly ameliorate these AD-associated pathologies. Our findings establish cell-autonomous LQC dysfunction in neurons as a central vulnerability in aging and AD pathogenesis.
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16
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Bohrer LR, Stone NE, Mullin NK, Voigt AP, Anfinson KR, Fick JL, Luangphakdy V, Hittle B, Powell K, Muschler GF, Mullins RF, Stone EM, Tucker BA. Automating iPSC generation to enable autologous photoreceptor cell replacement therapy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:161. [PMID: 36855199 PMCID: PMC9976478 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited retinal degeneration is a leading cause of incurable vision loss in the developed world. While autologous iPSC mediated photoreceptor cell replacement is theoretically possible, the lack of commercially available technologies designed to enable high throughput parallel production of patient specific therapeutics has hindered clinical translation. METHODS In this study, we describe the use of the Cell X precision robotic cell culture platform to enable parallel production of clinical grade patient specific iPSCs. The Cell X is housed within an ISO Class 5 cGMP compliant closed aseptic isolator (Biospherix XVivo X2), where all procedures from fibroblast culture to iPSC generation, clonal expansion and retinal differentiation were performed. RESULTS Patient iPSCs generated using the Cell X platform were determined to be pluripotent via score card analysis and genetically stable via karyotyping. As determined via immunostaining and confocal microscopy, iPSCs generated using the Cell X platform gave rise to retinal organoids that were indistinguishable from organoids derived from manually generated iPSCs. In addition, at 120 days post-differentiation, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that cells generated using the Cell X platform were comparable to those generated under manual conditions in a separate laboratory. CONCLUSION We have successfully developed a robotic iPSC generation platform and standard operating procedures for production of high-quality photoreceptor precursor cells that are compatible with current good manufacturing practices. This system will enable clinical grade production of iPSCs for autologous retinal cell replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Bohrer
- Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nicholas E Stone
- Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nathaniel K Mullin
- Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Andrew P Voigt
- Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kristin R Anfinson
- Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jessica L Fick
- Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Viviane Luangphakdy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cell X Technologies Inc, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bradley Hittle
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kimerly Powell
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - George F Muschler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert F Mullins
- Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Edwin M Stone
- Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Budd A Tucker
- Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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17
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Pessina P, Di Stefano B. Early Life Reprogramming-Based Treatment Promotes Longevity. Cell Reprogram 2023; 25:9-10. [PMID: 36594927 PMCID: PMC9963505 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2022.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-term expression of Yamanaka factors early in life promotes epigenetic reprogramming and an increased healthy lifespan in a mouse model of accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Pessina
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bruno Di Stefano
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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18
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Brunet A, Goodell MA, Rando TA. Ageing and rejuvenation of tissue stem cells and their niches. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:45-62. [PMID: 35859206 PMCID: PMC9879573 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00510-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Most adult organs contain regenerative stem cells, often organized in specific niches. Stem cell function is critical for tissue homeostasis and repair upon injury, and it is dependent on interactions with the niche. During ageing, stem cells decline in their regenerative potential and ability to give rise to differentiated cells in the tissue, which is associated with a deterioration of tissue integrity and health. Ageing-associated changes in regenerative tissue regions include defects in maintenance of stem cell quiescence, differentiation ability and bias, clonal expansion and infiltration of immune cells in the niche. In this Review, we discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying ageing in the regenerative regions of different tissues as well as potential rejuvenation strategies. We focus primarily on brain, muscle and blood tissues, but also provide examples from other tissues, such as skin and intestine. We describe the complex interactions between different cell types, non-cell-autonomous mechanisms between ageing niches and stem cells, and the influence of systemic factors. We also compare different interventions for the rejuvenation of old regenerative regions. Future outlooks in the field of stem cell ageing are discussed, including strategies to counter ageing and age-dependent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Ageing, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Margaret A Goodell
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Ageing, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Neurology Service, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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19
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Sattarov R, Toresson H, Orbjörn C, Mattsson-Carlgren N. Direct Conversion of Fibroblast into Neurons for Alzheimer's Disease Research: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:805-828. [PMID: 37661882 PMCID: PMC10578293 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder without a cure. Innovative disease models, such as induced neurons (iNs), could enhance our understanding of AD mechanisms and accelerate treatment development. However, a review of AD human iN studies is necessary to consolidate knowledge. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to examine the current body of literature on AD human iN cells and provide an overview of the findings to date. METHODS We searched two databases for relevant studies published between 2010 and 2023, identifying nine studies meeting our criteria. RESULTS Reviewed studies indicate the feasibility of generating iNs directly from AD patients' fibroblasts using chemical induction or viral vectors. These cells express mature neuronal markers, including MAP-2, NeuN, synapsin, and tau. However, most studies were limited in sample size and primarily focused on autosomal dominant familial AD (FAD) rather than the more common sporadic forms of AD. Several studies indicated that iNs derived from FAD fibroblasts exhibited abnormal amyloid-β metabolism, a characteristic feature of AD in humans. Additionally, elevated levels of hyperphosphorylated tau, another hallmark of AD, were reported in some studies. CONCLUSION Although only a limited number of small-scale studies are currently available, AD patient-derived iNs hold promise as a valuable model for investigating AD pathogenesis. Future research should aim to conduct larger studies, particularly focusing on sporadic AD cases, to enhance the clinical relevance of the findings for the broader AD patient population. Moreover, these cells can be utilized in screening potential novel treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sattarov
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Toresson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Camilla Orbjörn
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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20
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Elia E, Brownell D, Chabaud S, Bolduc S. Tissue Engineering for Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Tracts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010009. [PMID: 36613452 PMCID: PMC9820091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts share several similarities. Primarily, these tissues are composed of hollow structures lined by an epithelium through which materials need to flow with the help of peristalsis brought by muscle contraction. In the case of the gastrointestinal tract, solid or liquid food must circulate to be digested and absorbed and the waste products eliminated. In the case of the urinary tract, the urine produced by the kidneys must flow to the bladder, where it is stored until its elimination from the body. Finally, in the case of the vagina, it must allow the evacuation of blood during menstruation, accommodate the male sexual organ during coitus, and is the natural way to birth a child. The present review describes the anatomy, pathologies, and treatments of such organs, emphasizing tissue engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Elia
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - David Brownell
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stéphane Chabaud
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bolduc
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-525-4444 (ext. 42282)
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21
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Alsaleh G, Richter FC, Simon AK. Age-related mechanisms in the context of rheumatic disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:694-710. [PMID: 36329172 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00863-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is characterized by a progressive loss of cellular function that leads to a decline in tissue homeostasis, increased vulnerability and adverse health outcomes. Important advances in ageing research have now identified a set of nine candidate hallmarks that are generally considered to contribute to the ageing process and that together determine the ageing phenotype, which is the clinical manifestation of age-related dysfunction in chronic diseases. Although most rheumatic diseases are not yet considered to be age related, available evidence increasingly emphasizes the prevalence of ageing hallmarks in these chronic diseases. On the basis of the current evidence relating to the molecular and cellular ageing pathways involved in rheumatic diseases, we propose that these diseases share a number of features that are observed in ageing, and that they can therefore be considered to be diseases of premature or accelerated ageing. Although more data are needed to clarify whether accelerated ageing drives the development of rheumatic diseases or whether it results from the chronic inflammatory environment, central components of age-related pathways are currently being targeted in clinical trials and may provide a new avenue of therapeutic intervention for patients with rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Alsaleh
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Felix C Richter
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna K Simon
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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22
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Sheridan SD, Horng JE, Perlis RH. Patient-Derived In Vitro Models of Microglial Function and Synaptic Engulfment in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:470-479. [PMID: 35232567 PMCID: PMC10039432 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence implicate dysregulated microglia-mediated synaptic pruning in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In vitro human cellular studies represent a promising means of pursuing this hypothesis, complementing efforts with animal models and postmortem human data while addressing their limitations. The challenges in culturing homogeneous populations of cells derived from postmortem or surgical biopsy brain material from patients, and their limited availability, has led to a focus on differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells. These methods too have limitations, in that they disrupt the epigenome and can demonstrate line-to-line variability due in part to extended time in culture, partial reprogramming, and/or residual epigenetic memory from the cell source, yielding large technical artifacts. Yet another strategy uses direct transdifferentiation of peripheral mononuclear blood cells, or umbilical cord blood cells, to microglia-like cells. Any of these approaches can be paired with patient-derived synaptosomes from differentiated neurons as a simpler alternative to co-culture. Patient-derived microglia models may facilitate identification of novel modulators of synaptic pruning and identification of biomarkers that may allow more targeted early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Sheridan
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joy E Horng
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roy H Perlis
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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23
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Shyu Y, Liao P, Huang T, Yang C, Lu M, Huang S, Lin X, Liou C, Kao Y, Lu C, Peng H, Chen J, Cherng W, Yang N, Chen Y, Pan H, Jiang S, Hsu C, Lin G, Yuan S, Hsu PW, Wu K, Lee T, Shen CJ. Genetic Disruption of KLF1 K74 SUMOylation in Hematopoietic System Promotes Healthy Longevity in Mice. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201409. [PMID: 35822667 PMCID: PMC9443461 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The quest for rejuvenation and prolonged lifespan through transfusion of young blood has been studied for decades with the hope of unlocking the mystery of the key substance(s) that exists in the circulating blood of juvenile organisms. However, a pivotal mediator has yet been identified. Here, atypical findings are presented that are observed in a knockin mouse model carrying a lysine to arginine substitution at residue 74 of Krüppel-like factor 1 (KLF1/EKLF), the SUMOylation-deficient Klf1K74R/K74R mouse, that displayed significant improvement in geriatric disorders and lifespan extension. Klf1K74R/K74R mice exhibit a marked delay in age-related physical performance decline and disease progression as evidenced by physiological and pathological examinations. Furthermore, the KLF1(K74R) knockin affects a subset of lymphoid lineage cells; the abundance of tumor infiltrating effector CD8+ T cells and NKT cells is increased resulting in antitumor immune enhancement in response to tumor cell administration. Significantly, infusion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from Klf1K74R/K74R mice extends the lifespan of the wild-type mice. The Klf1K74R/K74R mice appear to be an ideal animal model system for further understanding of the molecular/cellular basis of aging and development of new strategies for antiaging and prevention/treatment of age-related diseases thus extending the healthspan as well as lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Chiau Shyu
- Community Medicine Research CenterChang Gung Memorial HospitalKeelung branchKeelung204Taiwan
- Department of NursingChang Gung University of Science and TechnologyTaoyuan333Taiwan
| | - Po‐Cheng Liao
- Community Medicine Research CenterChang Gung Memorial HospitalKeelung branchKeelung204Taiwan
| | - Ting‐Shou Huang
- Community Medicine Research CenterChang Gung Memorial HospitalKeelung branchKeelung204Taiwan
- Department of General SurgeryChang Gung Memorial HospitalKeelung branchKeelung204Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineCollege of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuan333Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Ju Yang
- Community Medicine Research CenterChang Gung Memorial HospitalKeelung branchKeelung204Taiwan
| | - Mu‐Jie Lu
- Community Medicine Research CenterChang Gung Memorial HospitalKeelung branchKeelung204Taiwan
| | - Shih‐Ming Huang
- Department of Radiation OncologyChung‐Gung Memorial HospitalKeelung branchKeelung204Taiwan
| | - Xin‐Yu Lin
- Community Medicine Research CenterChang Gung Memorial HospitalKeelung branchKeelung204Taiwan
| | - Cai‐Cin Liou
- Community Medicine Research CenterChang Gung Memorial HospitalKeelung branchKeelung204Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Hsiang Kao
- Community Medicine Research CenterChang Gung Memorial HospitalKeelung branchKeelung204Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Huan Lu
- Community Medicine Research CenterChang Gung Memorial HospitalKeelung branchKeelung204Taiwan
| | - Hui‐Ling Peng
- Community Medicine Research CenterChang Gung Memorial HospitalKeelung branchKeelung204Taiwan
| | - Jim‐Ray Chen
- Department of PathologyChang Gung Memorial HospitalKeelung branchKeelung204Taiwan
| | - Wen‐Jin Cherng
- Department of CardiologyChang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkou branchTaoyuan333Taiwan
| | - Ning‐I Yang
- Department of CardiologyChang Gung Memorial HospitalKeelung branchKeelung204Taiwan
| | - Yung‐Chang Chen
- Department of NephrologyChang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkou branchTaoyuan333Taiwan
- Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuan333Taiwan
| | - Heng‐Chih Pan
- Community Medicine Research CenterChang Gung Memorial HospitalKeelung branchKeelung204Taiwan
| | - Si‐Tse Jiang
- Department of General SurgeryChang Gung Memorial HospitalKeelung branchKeelung204Taiwan
- Department of Research and DevelopmentNational Laboratory Animal CenterTainan741Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Chin Hsu
- Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuan333Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationChang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung branchKeelung204Taiwan
| | - Gigin Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and InterventionChang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkou branchTaoyuan333Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core LabChang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkou branchTaoyuan333Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological SciencesChang Gung UniversityTaoyuan333Taiwan
| | - Shin‐Sheng Yuan
- Institute of Statistical ScienceAcademia SinicaTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Paul Wei‐Che Hsu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic MedicineNational Health Research InstituteZhunan350Taiwan
| | - Kou‐Juey Wu
- Cancer Genome Research CenterChang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkou branchTaoyuan333Taiwan
| | - Tung‐Liang Lee
- Pro‐Clintech Co. Ltd.Keelung204Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Che‐Kun James Shen
- Institute of Molecular BiologyAcademia SinicaTaipei115Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical NeuroscienceTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei110Taiwan
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24
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Inagaki E, Yoshimatsu S, Okano H. Accelerated neuronal aging in vitro ∼melting watch ∼. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:868770. [PMID: 36016855 PMCID: PMC9397486 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.868770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In developed countries, the aging of the population and the associated increase in age-related diseases are causing major unresolved medical, social, and environmental matters. Therefore, research on aging has become one of the most important and urgent issues in life sciences. If the molecular mechanisms of the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases are elucidated, we can expect to develop disease-modifying methods to prevent neurodegeneration itself. Since the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), there has been an explosion of disease models using disease-specific iPSCs derived from patient-derived somatic cells. By inducing the differentiation of iPSCs into neurons, disease models that reflect the patient-derived pathology can be reproduced in culture dishes, and are playing an active role in elucidating new pathological mechanisms and as a platform for new drug discovery. At the same time, however, we are faced with a new problem: how to recapitulate aging in culture dishes. It has been pointed out that cells differentiated from pluripotent stem cells are juvenile, retain embryonic traits, and may not be fully mature. Therefore, attempts are being made to induce cell maturation, senescence, and stress signals through culture conditions. It has also been reported that direct conversion of fibroblasts into neurons can reproduce human neurons with an aged phenotype. Here, we outline some state-of-the-art insights into models of neuronal aging in vitro. New frontiers in which stem cells and methods for inducing differentiation of tissue regeneration can be applied to aging research are just now approaching, and we need to keep a close eye on them. These models are forefront and intended to advance our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of aging and contribute to the development of novel therapies for human neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Inagaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Yoshimatsu
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hideyuki Okano,
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25
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Reprogramming neurons for regeneration: The fountain of youth. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 214:102284. [PMID: 35533809 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) are terminally differentiated cells that gradually lose their ability to support regeneration during maturation due to changes in transcriptomic and chromatin landscape. Similar transcriptomic changes also occur during development when stem cells differentiate into different types of somatic cells. Importantly, differentiated cells can be reprogrammed back to induced pluripotent stems cells (iPSCs) via global epigenetic remodeling by combined overexpression of pluripotent reprogramming factors, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc, Nanog, and/or Lin28. Moreover, recent findings showed that many proneural transcription factors were able to convert non-neural somatic cells into neurons bypassing the pluripotent stage via direct reprogramming. Interestingly, many of these factors have recently been identified as key regulators of CNS neural regeneration. Recent studies indicated that these factors could rejuvenate mature CNS neurons back to a younger state through cellular state reprogramming, thus favoring regeneration. Here we will review some recent findings regarding the roles of genetic cellular state reprogramming in regulation of neural regeneration and explore the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Moreover, by using newly emerging techniques, such as multiomics sequencing with big data analysis and Crispr-based gene editing, we will discuss future research directions focusing on better revealing cellular state reprogramming-induced remodeling of chromatin landscape and potential translational application.
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26
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Tabibzadeh S. Repair, regeneration and rejuvenation require un-entangling pluripotency from senescence. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 80:101663. [PMID: 35690382 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a notion that pluripotency and senescence, represent two extremes of life of cells. Pluripotent cells display epigenetic youth, unlimited proliferative capacity and pluripotent differentiating potential whereas cells that reach the Hayflick limit, transit to senescence, undergo permanent inhibition of cell replication and create an aging tissue landscape. However, pluripotency and senescence appear to be intimately linked and are jointly generated in many different contexts such as during embryogenesis or formation of tissue spheroids, in stem cell niches, cancer, or by induction of a pluripotent state (induced pluripotency). Tissue damage and senescence provide signals that are critical to generation of a pluripotent state and, in turn, pluripotency, induces senescence. Thus, it follows, that precisely timed control of senescence is required for harnessing the full benefits of both senescence and its associated pluripotency during tissue regeneration or rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Tabibzadeh
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, 16471 Scientific Way, Irvine, CA 92618.
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27
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Generation of a Pure Culture of Neuron-like Cells with a Glutamatergic Phenotype from Mouse Astrocytes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040928. [PMID: 35453678 PMCID: PMC9031297 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte-to-neuron reprogramming is a promising therapeutic approach for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The use of small molecules as an alternative to the virus-mediated ectopic expression of lineage-specific transcription factors negates the tumorigenic risk associated with viral genetic manipulation and uncontrolled differentiation of stem cells. However, because previously developed methods for small-molecule reprogramming of astrocytes to neurons are multistep, complex, and lengthy, their applications in biomedicine, including clinical treatment, are limited. Therefore, our objective in this study was to develop a novel chemical-based approach to the cellular reprogramming of astrocytes into neurons with high efficiency and low complexity. To accomplish that, we used C8-D1a, a mouse astrocyte cell line, to assess the role of small molecules in reprogramming protocols that otherwise suffer from inconsistencies caused by variations in donor of the primary cell. We developed a new protocol by which a chemical mixture formulated with Y26732, DAPT, RepSox, CHIR99021, ruxolitinib, and SAG rapidly and efficiently induced the neural reprogramming of astrocytes in four days, with a conversion efficiency of 82 ± 6%. Upon exposure to the maturation medium, those reprogrammed cells acquired a glutaminergic phenotype over the next eleven days. We also demonstrated the neuronal functionality of the induced cells by confirming KCL-induced calcium flux.
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28
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Rejano-Gordillo C, Ordiales-Talavero A, Nacarino-Palma A, Merino JM, González-Rico FJ, Fernández-Salguero PM. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: From Homeostasis to Tumor Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:884004. [PMID: 35465323 PMCID: PMC9022225 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.884004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has emerged as one of the main regulators involved both in different homeostatic cell functions and tumor progression. Being a member of the family of basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional regulators, this intracellular receptor has become a key member in differentiation, pluripotency, chromatin dynamics and cell reprogramming processes, with plenty of new targets identified in the last decade. Besides this role in tissue homeostasis, one enthralling feature of AHR is its capacity of acting as an oncogene or tumor suppressor depending on the specific organ, tissue and cell type. Together with its well-known modulation of cell adhesion and migration in a cell-type specific manner in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), this duality has also contributed to the arise of its clinical interest, highlighting a new potential as therapeutic tool, diagnosis and prognosis marker. Therefore, a deregulation of AHR-controlled pathways may have a causal role in contributing to physiological and homeostatic failures, tumor progression and dissemination. With that firmly in mind, this review will address the remarkable capability of AHR to exert a different function influenced by the phenotype of the target cell and its potential consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rejano-Gordillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ana Ordiales-Talavero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ana Nacarino-Palma
- Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CEDOC), Rua Do Instituto Bacteriológico, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jaime M. Merino
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Francisco J. González-Rico
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco J. González-Rico, ; Pedro M. Fernández-Salguero,
| | - Pedro M. Fernández-Salguero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco J. González-Rico, ; Pedro M. Fernández-Salguero,
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29
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Markel A, Daley GQ. Dipping a toe in the fountain of youth. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:192-194. [PMID: 37118376 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - George Q Daley
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Chondronasiou D, Gill D, Mosteiro L, Urdinguio RG, Berenguer‐Llergo A, Aguilera M, Durand S, Aprahamian F, Nirmalathasan N, Abad M, Martin‐Herranz DE, Stephan‐Otto Attolini C, Prats N, Kroemer G, Fraga MF, Reik W, Serrano M. Multi-omic rejuvenation of naturally aged tissues by a single cycle of transient reprogramming. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13578. [PMID: 35235716 PMCID: PMC8920440 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the pluripotency factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC (OSKM) can convert somatic differentiated cells into pluripotent stem cells in a process known as reprogramming. Notably, partial and reversible reprogramming does not change cell identity but can reverse markers of aging in cells, improve the capacity of aged mice to repair tissue injuries, and extend longevity in progeroid mice. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved. Here, we have studied changes in the DNA methylome, transcriptome, and metabolome in naturally aged mice subject to a single period of transient OSKM expression. We found that this is sufficient to reverse DNA methylation changes that occur upon aging in the pancreas, liver, spleen, and blood. Similarly, we observed reversion of transcriptional changes, especially regarding biological processes known to change during aging. Finally, some serum metabolites and biomarkers altered with aging were also restored to young levels upon transient reprogramming. These observations indicate that a single period of OSKM expression can drive epigenetic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic changes toward a younger configuration in multiple tissues and in the serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafni Chondronasiou
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain
| | - Diljeet Gill
- Epigenetics Programme Babraham Institute Cambridge UK
| | | | - Rocio G. Urdinguio
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN CSIC) Oviedo Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA) Oviedo Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA) University of Oviedo Oviedo Spain
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (BOS) University of Oviedo Oviedo Spain
- CIBER of Rare Diseases (CIBERER) Oviedo Spain
| | - Antonio Berenguer‐Llergo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain
| | - Mònica Aguilera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain
| | - Sylvere Durand
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms Institut Gustave Roussy Villejuif France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer Université de Paris Sorbonne Université Paris France
- Inserm U1138 Institut Universitaire de France Paris France
| | - Fanny Aprahamian
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms Institut Gustave Roussy Villejuif France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer Université de Paris Sorbonne Université Paris France
- Inserm U1138 Institut Universitaire de France Paris France
| | - Nitharsshini Nirmalathasan
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms Institut Gustave Roussy Villejuif France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer Université de Paris Sorbonne Université Paris France
- Inserm U1138 Institut Universitaire de France Paris France
| | - Maria Abad
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Camille Stephan‐Otto Attolini
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain
| | - Neus Prats
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms Institut Gustave Roussy Villejuif France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer Université de Paris Sorbonne Université Paris France
- Inserm U1138 Institut Universitaire de France Paris France
- Pôle de Biologie Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou AP‐HP Paris France
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Suzhou China
| | - Mario F. Fraga
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN CSIC) Oviedo Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA) Oviedo Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA) University of Oviedo Oviedo Spain
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (BOS) University of Oviedo Oviedo Spain
- CIBER of Rare Diseases (CIBERER) Oviedo Spain
| | - Wolf Reik
- Epigenetics Programme Babraham Institute Cambridge UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Cambridge UK
- Altos Labs Cambridge Institute Cambridge UK
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Barcelona Spain
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31
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Browder KC, Reddy P, Yamamoto M, Haghani A, Guillen IG, Sahu S, Wang C, Luque Y, Prieto J, Shi L, Shojima K, Hishida T, Lai Z, Li Q, Choudhury FK, Wong WR, Liang Y, Sangaraju D, Sandoval W, Esteban CR, Delicado EN, Garcia PG, Pawlak M, Vander Heiden JA, Horvath S, Jasper H, Izpisua Belmonte JC. In vivo partial reprogramming alters age-associated molecular changes during physiological aging in mice. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:243-253. [PMID: 37118377 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Partial reprogramming by expression of reprogramming factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc) for short periods of time restores a youthful epigenetic signature to aging cells and extends the life span of a premature aging mouse model. However, the effects of longer-term partial reprogramming in physiologically aging wild-type mice are unknown. Here, we performed various long-term partial reprogramming regimens, including different onset timings, during physiological aging. Long-term partial reprogramming lead to rejuvenating effects in different tissues, such as the kidney and skin, and at the organismal level; duration of the treatment determined the extent of the beneficial effects. The rejuvenating effects were associated with a reversion of the epigenetic clock and metabolic and transcriptomic changes, including reduced expression of genes involved in the inflammation, senescence and stress response pathways. Overall, our observations indicate that partial reprogramming protocols can be designed to be safe and effective in preventing age-related physiological changes. We further conclude that longer-term partial reprogramming regimens are more effective in delaying aging phenotypes than short-term reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pradeep Reddy
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mako Yamamoto
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amin Haghani
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Sanjeeb Sahu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yosu Luque
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Javier Prieto
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kensaku Shojima
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tomoaki Hishida
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zijuan Lai
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qingling Li
- Microchemistry, Proteomics, Lipidomics & Next Generation Sequencing, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Feroza K Choudhury
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Weng R Wong
- Microchemistry, Proteomics, Lipidomics & Next Generation Sequencing, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuxin Liang
- Microchemistry, Proteomics, Lipidomics & Next Generation Sequencing, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dewakar Sangaraju
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Sandoval
- Microchemistry, Proteomics, Lipidomics & Next Generation Sequencing, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michal Pawlak
- Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles, School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA.
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32
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Chiang MC, Chern E. Current Development, Obstacle and Futural Direction of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment in Degenerative Retinal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052529. [PMID: 35269671 PMCID: PMC8910526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative retinal disease is one of the major causes of vision loss around the world. The past several decades have witnessed emerging development of stem cell treatment for retinal disease. Nevertheless, sourcing stem cells remains controversial due to ethical concerns and their rarity. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are both isolated from patients’ mature tissues; thus, issues such as avoiding moral controversy and adverse events related to immunosuppression and obtaining a large number of cells have opened a new era in regenerative medicine. This review focuses on the current application and development, clinical trials, and latest research of stem cell therapy, as well as its limitations and future directions.
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33
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Nogueira GO, Garcez PP, Bardy C, Cunningham MO, Sebollela A. Modeling the Human Brain With ex vivo Slices and in vitro Organoids for Translational Neuroscience. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:838594. [PMID: 35281505 PMCID: PMC8908416 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.838594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna O. Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia P. Garcez
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cedric Bardy
- Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark O. Cunningham
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Adriano Sebollela
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Adriano Sebollela
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34
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Santarriaga S, Luecke I, Ebert AD. Detection of Soluble and Insoluble Protein Species in Patient-Derived iPSCs. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2429:73-84. [PMID: 35507156 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1979-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is one of the hallmarks of many neurodegenerative diseases. While protein aggregation is a heavily studied aspect of neurodegenerative disease, methods of detection vary from one model system to another. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) present an opportunity to model disease using patient-specific cells. However, iPSC-derived neurons are fetal-like in maturity, making it a challenge to detect key features such as protein aggregation that are often exacerbated with age. Nevertheless, we have previously found abnormal soluble and insoluble protein burden in motor neurons generated from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) iPSCs, though protein aggregation has not been readily detected in iPSC-derived neurons from other neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, here we present an ultracentrifugation method that detects insoluble protein species in various models of neurodegenerative disease, including Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and ALS. This method is able to detect soluble, insoluble, and SDS-resistant species in iPSC-derived neurons and is designed to be flexible for optimal detection of various aggregation-prone proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Santarriaga
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Ian Luecke
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Allison D Ebert
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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35
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Chandrasekaran A, Thomsen BB, Agerholm JS, Pessôa LVDF, Godoy Pieri NC, Sabaghidarmiyan V, Langley K, Kolko M, de Andrade AFC, Bressan FF, Hyttel P, Berendt M, Freude K. Neural Derivates of Canine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Like Cells From a Mild Cognitive Impairment Dog. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:725386. [PMID: 34805331 PMCID: PMC8600048 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.725386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic dogs are superior models for translational medicine due to greater anatomical and physiological similarities with humans than rodents, including hereditary diseases with human equivalents. Particularly with respect to neurodegenerative medicine, dogs can serve as a natural, more relevant model of human disease compared to transgenic rodents. Herein we report attempts to develop a canine-derived in vitro model for neurodegenerative diseases through the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from a 14-year, 9-month-old female West Highland white terrier with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Canine induced pluripotent stem cells-like cells (ciPSCLC) were generated using human OSKM and characterized by positive expression of pluripotency markers. Due to inefficient viral vector silencing we refer to them as ciPSCLCs. Subsequently, the ciPSCLC were subjected to neural induction according to two protocols both yielding canine neural progenitor cells (cNPCs), which expressed typical NPC markers. The cNPCs were cultured in neuron differentiation media for 3 weeks, resulting in the derivation of morphologically impaired neurons as compared to iPSC-derived human counterparts generated in parallel. The apparent differences encountered in this study regarding the neural differentiation potential of ciPSCLC reveals challenges and new perspectives to consider before using the canine model in translational neurological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinaya Chandrasekaran
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Barbara Blicher Thomsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Steen Agerholm
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Laís Vicari de Figueiredo Pessôa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Naira Caroline Godoy Pieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Vahideh Sabaghidarmiyan
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Katarina Langley
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - André Furugen Cesar de Andrade
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mette Berendt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kristine Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Sun H, Zhang YX, Li YM. Generation of Skin Organoids: Potential Opportunities and Challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:709824. [PMID: 34805138 PMCID: PMC8600117 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.709824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several types of human skin substitutes are currently available, they usually do not include important skin appendages such as hair follicles and sweat glands, or various skin-related cells, such as dermal adipocytes and sensory neurons. This highlights the need to improve the in vitro human skin generation model for use as a tool for investigating skin diseases and as a source of cells or tissues for skin regeneration. Skin organoids are generated from stem cells and are expected to possess the complexity and function of natural skin. Here, we summarize the current literatures relating to the "niches" of the local skin stem cell microenvironment and the formation of skin organoids, and then discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with multifunctional skin organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yu-Mei Li
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Torrens-Mas M, Perelló-Reus C, Navas-Enamorado C, Ibargüen-González L, Sanchez-Polo A, Segura-Sampedro JJ, Masmiquel L, Barcelo C, Gonzalez-Freire M. Organoids: An Emerging Tool to Study Aging Signature across Human Tissues. Modeling Aging with Patient-Derived Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10547. [PMID: 34638891 PMCID: PMC8508868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biology of aging is focused on the identification of novel pathways that regulate the underlying processes of aging to develop interventions aimed at delaying the onset and progression of chronic diseases to extend lifespan. However, the research on the aging field has been conducted mainly in animal models, yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, and cell cultures. Thus, it is unclear to what extent this knowledge is transferable to humans since they might not reflect the complexity of aging in people. An organoid culture is an in vitro 3D cell-culture technology that reproduces the physiological and cellular composition of the tissues and/or organs. This technology is being used in the cancer field to predict the response of a patient-derived tumor to a certain drug or treatment serving as patient stratification and drug-guidance approaches. Modeling aging with patient-derived organoids has a tremendous potential as a preclinical model tool to discover new biomarkers of aging, to predict adverse outcomes during aging, and to design personalized approaches for the prevention and treatment of aging-related diseases and geriatric syndromes. This could represent a novel approach to study chronological and/or biological aging, paving the way to personalized interventions targeting the biology of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Vascular and Metabolic Pathologies Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.T.-M.); (C.N.-E.); (A.S.-P.); (L.M.)
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Catalina Perelló-Reus
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (C.P.-R.); (L.I.-G.)
| | - Cayetano Navas-Enamorado
- Vascular and Metabolic Pathologies Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.T.-M.); (C.N.-E.); (A.S.-P.); (L.M.)
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lesly Ibargüen-González
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (C.P.-R.); (L.I.-G.)
| | - Andres Sanchez-Polo
- Vascular and Metabolic Pathologies Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.T.-M.); (C.N.-E.); (A.S.-P.); (L.M.)
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Segura-Sampedro
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- General & Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
- School of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Luis Masmiquel
- Vascular and Metabolic Pathologies Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.T.-M.); (C.N.-E.); (A.S.-P.); (L.M.)
| | - Carles Barcelo
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (C.P.-R.); (L.I.-G.)
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Freire
- Vascular and Metabolic Pathologies Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.T.-M.); (C.N.-E.); (A.S.-P.); (L.M.)
- Translational Research in Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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38
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Simpson DJ, Olova NN, Chandra T. Cellular reprogramming and epigenetic rejuvenation. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:170. [PMID: 34488874 PMCID: PMC8419998 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is an inevitable condition that afflicts all humans. Recent achievements, such as the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells, have delivered preliminary evidence that slowing down and reversing the ageing process might be possible. However, these techniques usually involve complete dedifferentiation, i.e. somatic cell identity is lost as cells are converted to a pluripotent state. Separating the rejuvenative properties of reprogramming from dedifferentiation is a promising prospect, termed epigenetic rejuvenation. Reprogramming-induced rejuvenation strategies currently involve using Yamanaka factors (typically transiently expressed to prevent full dedifferentiation) and are promising candidates to safely reduce biological age. Here, we review the development and potential of reprogramming-induced rejuvenation as an anti-ageing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Simpson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Nelly N Olova
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Tamir Chandra
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
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Meganathan K, Prakasam R, Baldridge D, Gontarz P, Zhang B, Urano F, Bonni A, Maloney SE, Turner TN, Huettner JE, Constantino JN, Kroll KL. Altered neuronal physiology, development, and function associated with a common chromosome 15 duplication involving CHRNA7. BMC Biol 2021; 19:147. [PMID: 34320968 PMCID: PMC8317352 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy number variants (CNVs) linked to genes involved in nervous system development or function are often associated with neuropsychiatric disease. While CNVs involving deletions generally cause severe and highly penetrant patient phenotypes, CNVs leading to duplications tend instead to exhibit widely variable and less penetrant phenotypic expressivity among affected individuals. CNVs located on chromosome 15q13.3 affecting the alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit (CHRNA7) gene contribute to multiple neuropsychiatric disorders with highly variable penetrance. However, the basis of such differential penetrance remains uncharacterized. Here, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models from first-degree relatives with a 15q13.3 duplication and analyzed their cellular phenotypes to uncover a basis for the dissimilar phenotypic expressivity. RESULTS The first-degree relatives studied included a boy with autism and emotional dysregulation (the affected proband-AP) and his clinically unaffected mother (UM), with comparison to unrelated control models lacking this duplication. Potential contributors to neuropsychiatric impairment were modeled in iPSC-derived cortical excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The AP-derived model uniquely exhibited disruptions of cellular physiology and neurodevelopment not observed in either the UM or unrelated controls. These included enhanced neural progenitor proliferation but impaired neuronal differentiation, maturation, and migration, and increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Both the neuronal migration deficit and elevated ER stress could be selectively rescued by different pharmacologic agents. Neuronal gene expression was also dysregulated in the AP, including reduced expression of genes related to behavior, psychological disorders, neuritogenesis, neuronal migration, and Wnt, axonal guidance, and GABA receptor signaling. The UM model instead exhibited upregulated expression of genes in many of these same pathways, suggesting that molecular compensation could have contributed to the lack of neurodevelopmental phenotypes in this model. However, both AP- and UM-derived neurons exhibited shared alterations of neuronal function, including increased action potential firing and elevated cholinergic activity, consistent with increased homomeric CHRNA7 channel activity. CONCLUSIONS These data define both diagnosis-associated cellular phenotypes and shared functional anomalies related to CHRNA7 duplication that may contribute to variable phenotypic penetrance in individuals with 15q13.3 duplication. The capacity for pharmacological agents to rescue some neurodevelopmental anomalies associated with diagnosis suggests avenues for intervention for carriers of this duplication and other CNVs that cause related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesavan Meganathan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus, Box 8103, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Ramachandran Prakasam
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus, Box 8103, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Dustin Baldridge
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Paul Gontarz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus, Box 8103, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus, Box 8103, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Fumihiko Urano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Azad Bonni
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Susan E. Maloney
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Tychele N. Turner
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - James E. Huettner
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - John N. Constantino
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Kristen L. Kroll
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus, Box 8103, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Imran SAM, Yazid MD, Idrus RBH, Maarof M, Nordin A, Razali RA, Lokanathan Y. Is There an Interconnection between Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Telomere Shortening in Aging? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083888. [PMID: 33918710 PMCID: PMC8070110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) was first discovered during the transition of cells from the primitive streak during embryogenesis in chicks. It was later discovered that EMT holds greater potential in areas other than the early development of cells and tissues since it also plays a vital role in wound healing and cancer development. EMT can be classified into three types based on physiological functions. EMT type 3, which involves neoplastic development and metastasis, has been the most thoroughly explored. As EMT is often found in cancer stem cells, most research has focused on its association with other factors involving cancer progression, including telomeres. However, as telomeres are also mainly involved in aging, any possible interaction between the two would be worth noting, especially as telomere dysfunction also contributes to cancer and other age-related diseases. Ascertaining the balance between degeneration and cancer development is crucial in cell biology, in which telomeres function as a key regulator between the two extremes. The essential roles that EMT and telomere protection have in aging reveal a potential mutual interaction that has not yet been explored, and which could be used in disease therapy. In this review, the known functions of EMT and telomeres in aging are discussed and their potential interaction in age-related diseases is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti A. M. Imran
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.A.M.I.); (M.D.Y.); (R.B.H.I.); (M.M.); (A.N.); (R.A.R.)
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.A.M.I.); (M.D.Y.); (R.B.H.I.); (M.M.); (A.N.); (R.A.R.)
| | - Ruszymah Bt Hj Idrus
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.A.M.I.); (M.D.Y.); (R.B.H.I.); (M.M.); (A.N.); (R.A.R.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Manira Maarof
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.A.M.I.); (M.D.Y.); (R.B.H.I.); (M.M.); (A.N.); (R.A.R.)
| | - Abid Nordin
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.A.M.I.); (M.D.Y.); (R.B.H.I.); (M.M.); (A.N.); (R.A.R.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Rabiatul Adawiyah Razali
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.A.M.I.); (M.D.Y.); (R.B.H.I.); (M.M.); (A.N.); (R.A.R.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.A.M.I.); (M.D.Y.); (R.B.H.I.); (M.M.); (A.N.); (R.A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-391457704
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Pons-Espinal M, Blasco-Agell L, Consiglio A. Dissecting the non-neuronal cell contribution to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis using induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2081-2094. [PMID: 33210214 PMCID: PMC7966189 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an incurable age-linked neurodegenerative disease with characteristic movement impairments that are caused by the progressive loss of dopamine-containing neurons (DAn) within the substantia nigra pars compacta. It has been suggested that misfolded protein aggregates together with neuroinflammation and glial reactivity, may impact nerve cell function, leading to neurodegeneration and diseases, such as PD. However, not many studies have been able to examine the role of human glial cells in the pathogenesis of PD. With the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, it is now possible to reprogram human somatic cells to pluripotency and to generate viable human patient-specific DA neurons and glial cells, providing a tremendous opportunity for dissecting cellular and molecular pathological mechanisms occurring at early stages of PD. This reviews will report on recent work using human iPSC and 3D brain organoid models showing that iPSC technology can be used to recapitulate PD-relevant disease-associated phenotypes, including protein aggregation, cell death or loss of neurite complexity and deficient autophagic vacuoles clearance and focus on the recent co-culture systems that are revealing new insights into the complex interactions that occur between different brain cell types during neurodegeneration. Consequently, such advances are the key to improve our understanding of PD pathology and generate potential targets for new therapies aimed at curing PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Pons-Espinal
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08908, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) of the University of Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lucas Blasco-Agell
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08908, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) of the University of Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonella Consiglio
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08908, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) of the University of Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Piazza del Mercato, 15, 25121, Brescia, BS, Italy.
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D’Souza GX, Rose SE, Knupp A, Nicholson DA, Keene CD, Young JE. The application of in vitro-derived human neurons in neurodegenerative disease modeling. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:124-140. [PMID: 32170790 PMCID: PMC7487003 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of safe and effective treatments for age-associated neurodegenerative disorders is an on-going challenge faced by the scientific field. Key to the development of such therapies is the appropriate selection of modeling systems in which to investigate disease mechanisms and to test candidate interventions. There are unique challenges in the development of representative laboratory models of neurodegenerative diseases, including the complexity of the human brain, the cumulative and variable contributions of genetic and environmental factors over the course of a lifetime, inability to culture human primary neurons, and critical central nervous system differences between small animal models and humans. While traditional rodent models have advanced our understanding of neurodegenerative disease mechanisms, key divergences such as the species-specific genetic background can limit the application of animal models in many cases. Here we review in vitro human neuronal systems that employ stem cell and reprogramming technology and their application to a range of neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, we compare human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons to directly converted, or transdifferentiated, induced neurons, as both model systems can take advantage of patient-derived human tissue to produce neurons in culture. We present recent technical developments using these two modeling systems, as well as current limitations to these systems, with the aim of advancing investigation of neuropathogenic mechanisms using these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary X. D’Souza
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shannon E. Rose
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Allison Knupp
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel A. Nicholson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C. Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica E. Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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43
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Roccio M. Directed differentiation and direct reprogramming: Applying stem cell technologies to hearing research. Stem Cells 2020; 39:375-388. [PMID: 33378797 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most widely spread sensory disorder in our society. In the majority of cases, it is caused by the loss or malfunctioning of cells in the cochlea: the mechanosensory hair cells, which act as primary sound receptors, and the connecting auditory neurons of the spiral ganglion, which relay the signal to upper brain centers. In contrast to other vertebrates, where damage to the hearing organ can be repaired through the activity of resident cells, acting as tissue progenitors, in mammals, sensory cell damage or loss is irreversible. The understanding of gene and cellular functions, through analysis of different animal models, has helped to identify causes of disease and possible targets for hearing restoration. Translation of these findings to novel therapeutics is, however, hindered by the lack of cellular assays, based on human sensory cells, to evaluate the conservation of molecular pathways across species and the efficacy of novel therapeutic strategies. In the last decade, stem cell technologies enabled to generate human sensory cell types in vitro, providing novel tools to study human inner ear biology, model disease, and validate therapeutics. This review focuses specifically on two technologies: directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells and direct reprogramming of somatic cell types to sensory hair cells and neurons. Recent development in the field are discussed as well as how these tools could be implemented to become routinely adopted experimental models for hearing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Roccio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
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Laffon B, Bonassi S, Costa S, Valdiglesias V. Genomic instability as a main driving factor of unsuccessful ageing: Potential for translating the use of micronuclei into clinical practice. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 787:108359. [PMID: 34083047 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Genome instability denotes an increased tendency to alterations in the genome during cell life cycle, driven by a large variety of endogenous and exogenous insults. Ageing is characterized by the presence of damage to various cellular constituents, but genome alterations, randomly accumulating with age in different tissues, constitute the key target in this process, and are believed to be the main factor of ageing. Age-related failure of DNA repair pathways allows DNA lesions to occur more frequently, and their accumulation over time contributes to the age-associated decrease in genome integrity in somatic cells. The micronucleus (MN) test is one of the most widely used assays to evaluate genomic instability in different surrogate tissues. A large number of studies has consistently shown a progressive increase in MN frequency with age, starting from very young age groups onwards. Therefore, MN frequency is a suitable biomarker of genomic instability in ageing. Frailty is a multidimensional geriatric syndrome of unsuccessful ageing, characterized by decreased biological reserves and increased vulnerability to external stressors, involving a higher risk of negative health outcomes. Although there is a well-founded belief that genome instability is involved in the frailty syndrome, only two studies investigated the relationship between MN frequency and frailty, not allowing to draw a definite conclusion on the utility of this biomarker for frailty detection. The use of MN and other genomic biomarkers in the detection and follow-up of patients affected by or at risk of frailty has the potential to accumulate evidence on the clinical impact of this approach in the identification and control of frailty in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Laffon
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain.
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy; Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Solange Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Health Institute, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit -Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n◦ 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain; Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain
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Abstract
Cbp/P300 interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain 2 (CITED2) is a transcription co-factor that interacts with several other transcription factors and co-factors, and serves critical roles in fundamental cell processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, migration and autophagy. The interacting transcription factors or co-factors of CITED2 include LIM homeobox 2, transcription factor AP-2, SMAD2/3, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, oestrogen receptor, MYC, Nucleolin and p300/CBP, which regulate downstream gene expression, and serve important roles in the aforementioned fundamental cell processes. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that CITED2 serves an essential role in embryonic and adult tissue stem cells, including hematopoietic stem cells and tendon-derived stem/progenitor cells. Additionally, CITED2 has been reported to function in different types of cancer. Although the functions of CITED2 in different tissues vary depending on the interaction partner, altered CITED2 expression or altered interactions with transcription factors or co-factors result in alterations of fundamental cell processes, and may affect stem cell maintenance or cancer cell survival. The aim of this review is to summarize the molecular mechanisms of CITED2 function and how it serves a role in stem cells and different types of cancer based on the currently available literature.
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Das G, Paramithiotis S, Sundaram Sivamaruthi B, Wijaya CH, Suharta S, Sanlier N, Shin HS, Patra JK. Traditional fermented foods with anti-aging effect: A concentric review. Food Res Int 2020; 134:109269. [PMID: 32517898 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fermentation has been applied since antiquity as a way to preserve foodstuff or as a necessary step in the production of a variety of products. The research was initially focused on accurate description of production procedure and identification of parameters that may affect the composition and dynamics of the developing micro-communities, since the major aim was standardization and commercial exploitation of the products. Soon it was realized that consumption of these products was associated with an array of health benefits, such as anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-carcinogenic and anti-allergenic activities. These were credited to the microorganisms present in the fermented products as well as their metabolic activities and the bio-transformations that took place during the fermentation process. Aging has been defined as a gradual decline in the physiological function and concomitantly homeostasis, which is experienced by all living beings over time, leading inevitably to age-associated injuries, diseases, and finally death. Research has focused on effective strategies to delay this process and thus increase both lifespan and well-being. Fermented food products seem to be a promising alternative due to the immunomodulatory effect of microorganisms and elevated amounts of bioactive compounds. Indeed, a series of anti-aging related benefits have been reported, some of which have been attributed to specific compounds such as genistein and daidzein in soybeans, while others are yet to be discovered. The present article aims to collect and critically discuss all available literature regarding the anti-aging properties of fermented food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
| | - Spiros Paramithiotis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Christofora Hanny Wijaya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sigit Suharta
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- Ankara Medipol University, School of Health Science, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea.
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Chiche A, Chen C, Li H. The crosstalk between cellular reprogramming and senescence in aging and regeneration. Exp Gerontol 2020; 138:111005. [PMID: 32561400 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with diminished regenerative capacity and increased risk of chronic diseases. There is now compelling evidence suggests that aging process is reversible. Besides metabolic modification and systematic factors, both senescence elimination and cellular reprogramming showed beneficial effects on tissue regeneration and rejuvenation. Here we review recent studies on the interplay between cellular senescence and reprogramming. We discuss how both strategies could impact aging process and the possibility of combine them for more efficient regeneration and rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Chiche
- Cellular Plasticity and Disease Modelling, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Cheng Chen
- Cellular Plasticity and Disease Modelling, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Han Li
- Cellular Plasticity and Disease Modelling, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France.
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Kanwal S, Guo X, Ward C, Volpe G, Qin B, Esteban MA, Bao X. Role of Long Non-coding RNAs in Reprogramming to Induced Pluripotency. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2020; 18:16-25. [PMID: 32445708 PMCID: PMC7393543 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells through somatic cell reprogramming requires a global reorganization of cellular functions. This reorganization occurs in a multi-phased manner and involves a gradual revision of both the epigenome and transcriptome. Recent studies have shown that the large-scale transcriptional changes observed during reprogramming also apply to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a type of traditionally neglected RNA species that are increasingly viewed as critical regulators of cellular function. Deeper understanding of lncRNAs in reprogramming may not only help to improve this process but also have implications for studying cell plasticity in other contexts, such as development, aging, and cancer. In this review, we summarize the current progress made in profiling and analyzing the role of lncRNAs in various phases of somatic cell reprogramming, with emphasis on the re-establishment of the pluripotency gene network and X chromosome reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzina Kanwal
- (1)Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 511436, China; (2)Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (3)Laboratory of RNA, Chromatin, and Human Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (4)Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Xiangpeng Guo
- (1)Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 511436, China; (2)Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (3)Laboratory of RNA, Chromatin, and Human Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (4)Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Carl Ward
- (1)Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 511436, China; (2)Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (3)Laboratory of RNA, Chromatin, and Human Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (4)Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Giacomo Volpe
- (1)Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 511436, China; (2)Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (3)Laboratory of RNA, Chromatin, and Human Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (4)Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Baoming Qin
- (1)Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 511436, China; (2)Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (3)Laboratory of RNA, Chromatin, and Human Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (5)Laboratory of Metabolism and Cell Fate, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Miguel A Esteban
- (1)Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 511436, China; (2)Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (3)Laboratory of RNA, Chromatin, and Human Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (4)Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510005, China; (6)Institute for Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xichen Bao
- (1)Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 511436, China; (2)Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (4)Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510005, China; (7)Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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49
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Raman S, Brookhouser N, Brafman DA. Using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to investigate the mechanisms by which Apolipoprotein E (APOE) contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 138:104788. [PMID: 32032733 PMCID: PMC7098264 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the biochemical and pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as axonal transport defects, synaptic loss, and selective neuronal death, are well characterized, the underlying mechanisms that cause AD are largely unknown, thereby making it difficult to design effective therapeutic interventions. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) studies have identified several factors associated with increased AD risk. Of these genetic factors, polymorphisms in the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene are the strongest and most prevalent. While it has been established that the ApoE protein modulates the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the precise molecular mechanisms by which various ApoE isoforms enhance or mitigate AD onset and progression in aging adults are yet to be elucidated. Advances in cellular reprogramming to generate disease-in-a-dish models now provide a simplified and accessible system that complements animal and primary cell models to study ApoE in the context of AD. In this review, we will describe the use and manipulation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in dissecting the interaction between ApoE and AD. First, we will provide an overview of the proposed roles that ApoE plays in modulating pathophysiology of AD. Next, we will summarize the recent studies that have employed hiPSCs to model familial and sporadic AD. Lastly, we will speculate on how current advances in genome editing technologies and organoid culture systems can be used to improve hiPSC-based tools to investigate ApoE-dependent modulation of AD onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedevi Raman
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Brookhouser
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, United States of America; Graduate Program in Clinical Translational Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, United States of America
| | - David A Brafman
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, United States of America.
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50
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Wu PC, Fann MJ, Tran TT, Chen SC, Devina T, Cheng IHJ, Lien CC, Kao LS, Wang SJ, Fuh JL, Tzeng TT, Huang CY, Shiao YJ, Wong YH. Assessing the therapeutic potential of Graptopetalum paraguayense on Alzheimer's disease using patient iPSC-derived neurons. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19301. [PMID: 31848379 PMCID: PMC6917798 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and also one of the leading causes of death worldwide. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and currently there is no drug treatment that can prevent or cure AD. Here, we have applied the advantages of using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons (iNs) from AD patients, which are able to offer human-specific drug responsiveness, in order to evaluate therapeutic candidates for AD. Using approach involving an inducible neurogenin-2 transgene, we have established a robust and reproducible protocol for differentiating human iPSCs into glutamatergic neurons. The AD-iN cultures that result have mature phenotypic and physiological properties, together with AD-like biochemical features that include extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and Tau protein phosphorylation. By screening using a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) approach, Graptopetalum paraguayense (GP) has been identified as a potential therapeutic agent for AD from among a range of Chinese herbal medicines. We found that administration of a GP extract caused a significantly reduction in the AD-associated phenotypes of the iNs, including decreased levels of extracellular Aβ40 and Aβ42, as well as reduced Tau protein phosphorylation at positions Ser214 and Ser396. Additionally, the effect of GP was more prominent in AD-iNs compared to non-diseased controls. These findings provide valuable information that suggests moving extracts of GP toward drug development, either for treating AD or as a health supplement to prevent AD. Furthermore, our human iN-based platform promises to be a useful strategy when it is used for AD drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Wu
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Ming-Ji Fann
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).,Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Tu Thanh Tran
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Shu-Cian Chen
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Tania Devina
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Irene Han-Juo Cheng
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Cheng-Chang Lien
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).,Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Lung-Sen Kao
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).,Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).,Division of General Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Jong-Ling Fuh
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).,Division of General Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Tsai-Teng Tzeng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Chi-Ying Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Young-Ji Shiao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC). .,National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).
| | - Yu-Hui Wong
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan (ROC).
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