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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhuang C, Qi J, Zhao RC, Wang J. Lipid droplets in the nervous system: involvement in cell metabolic homeostasis. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:740-750. [PMID: 38886939 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets serve as primary storage organelles for neutral lipids in neurons, glial cells, and other cells in the nervous system. Lipid droplet formation begins with the synthesis of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum. Previously, lipid droplets were recognized for their role in maintaining lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis; however, recent research has shown that lipid droplets are highly adaptive organelles with diverse functions in the nervous system. In addition to their role in regulating cell metabolism, lipid droplets play a protective role in various cellular stress responses. Furthermore, lipid droplets exhibit specific functions in neurons and glial cells. Dysregulation of lipid droplet formation leads to cellular dysfunction, metabolic abnormalities, and nervous system diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of lipid droplets in the nervous system, covering topics such as biogenesis, cellular specificity, and functions. Additionally, it will explore the association between lipid droplets and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the involvement of lipid droplets in cell metabolic homeostasis related to the nervous system is crucial to determine the underlying causes and in exploring potential therapeutic approaches for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxuan Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Kang N, Tan J, Yan S, Lin L, Gao Q. General autophagy-dependent and -independent lipophagic processes collaborate to regulate the overall level of lipophagy in yeast. Autophagy 2024; 20:1523-1536. [PMID: 38425021 PMCID: PMC11210923 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2325297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATION AP: autophagosome; ATG: autophagy related; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FA: fatty acid; LD: lipid droplet; Ld microdomains: liquid-disordered microdomains; NL: neutral lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Kang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinling Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sisi Yan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Leiying Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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3
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Gjøen T, Ruyter B, Østbye TK. Effects of eicosapentaneoic acid on innate immune responses in an Atlantic salmon kidney cell line in vitro. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302286. [PMID: 38805503 PMCID: PMC11132502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies of the interplay between metabolism and immunity, known as immunometabolism, is steadily transforming immunological research into new understandings of how environmental cues like diet are affecting innate and adaptive immune responses. The aim of this study was to explore antiviral transcriptomic responses under various levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid. Atlantic salmon kidney cells (ASK cell line) were incubated for one week in different levels of the unsaturated n-3 eicosapentaneoic acid (EPA) resulting in cellular levels ranging from 2-20% of total fatty acid. These cells were then stimulated with the viral mimic and interferon inducer poly I:C (30 ug/ml) for 24 hours before total RNA was isolated and sequenced for transcriptomic analyses. Up to 200 uM EPA had no detrimental effects on cell viability and induced very few transcriptional changes in these cells. However, in combination with poly I:C, our results shows that the level of EPA in the cellular membranes exert profound dose dependent effects of the transcriptional profiles induced by this treatment. Metabolic pathways like autophagy, apelin and VEGF signaling were attenuated by EPA whereas transcripts related to fatty acid metabolism, ferroptosis and the PPAR signaling pathways were upregulated. These results suggests that innate antiviral responses are heavily influenced by the fatty acid profile of salmonid cells and constitute another example of the strong linkage between general metabolic pathways and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Gjøen
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Ruyter
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Tone Kari Østbye
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
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4
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Xu L, Li L, Wu L, Li P, Chen FJ. CIDE proteins and their regulatory mechanisms in lipid droplet fusion and growth. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1154-1169. [PMID: 38355218 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector (CIDE) proteins, including Cidea, Cideb, and Cidec/Fsp27, regulate various aspects of lipid homeostasis, including lipid storage, lipolysis, and lipid secretion. This review focuses on the physiological roles of CIDE proteins based on studies on knockout mouse models and human patients bearing CIDE mutations. The primary cellular function of CIDE proteins is to localize to lipid droplets (LDs) and to control LD fusion and growth across different cell types. We propose a four-step process of LD fusion, characterized by (a) the recruitment of CIDE proteins to the LD surface and CIDE movement, (b) the enrichment and condensate formation of CIDE proteins to form LD fusion plates at LD-LD contact sites, (c) lipid transfer through lipid-permeable passageways within the fusion plates, and (d) the completion of LD fusion. Lastly, we outline CIDE-interacting proteins as regulatory factors, as well as their contribution in LD fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingzhi Wu
- College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Feng-Jung Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Li GL, Han YQ, Su BQ, Yu HS, Zhang S, Yang GY, Wang J, Liu F, Ming SL, Chu BB. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 hijacks CMA-mediated lipolysis through upregulation of small GTPase RAB18. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012123. [PMID: 38607975 PMCID: PMC11014436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
RAB GTPases (RABs) control intracellular membrane trafficking with high precision. In the present study, we carried out a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen focused on a library of 62 RABs during infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2), a member of the family Arteriviridae. We found that 13 RABs negatively affect the yield of PRRSV-2 progeny virus, whereas 29 RABs have a positive impact on the yield of PRRSV-2 progeny virus. Further analysis revealed that PRRSV-2 infection transcriptionally regulated RAB18 through RIG-I/MAVS-mediated canonical NF-κB activation. Disrupting RAB18 expression led to the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs), impaired LDs catabolism, and flawed viral replication and assembly. We also discovered that PRRSV-2 co-opts chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) for lipolysis via RAB18, as indicated by the enhanced associations between RAB18 and perlipin 2 (PLIN2), CMA-specific lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A), and heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8 (HSPA8/HSC70) during PRRSV-2 infection. Knockdown of HSPA8 and LAMP2A impacted on the yield of PRRSV-2 progeny virus, implying that the virus utilizes RAB18 to promote CMA-mediated lipolysis. Importantly, we determined that the C-terminal domain (CTD) of HSPA8 could bind to the switch II domain of RAB18, and the CTD of PLIN2 was capable of associating with HSPA8, suggesting that HSPA8 facilitates the interaction between RAB18 and PLIN2 in the CMA process. In summary, our findings elucidate how PRRSV-2 hijacks CMA-mediated lipid metabolism through innate immune activation to enhance the yield of progeny virus, offering novel insights for the development of anti-PRRSV-2 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Li Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Ying-Qian Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Bing-Qian Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hai-Shen Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Sheng-Li Ming
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Bei-Bei Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Longhu Advanced Immunization Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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6
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Zhao J, Wang Q, Liu Z, Zhang M, Li J, Fu ZF, Zhao L, Zhou M. Neuroinvasive virus facilitates viral replication by employing lipid droplets to reduce arachidonic acid-induced ferroptosis. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107168. [PMID: 38490434 PMCID: PMC10999822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids have been previously implicated in the lifecycle of neuroinvasive viruses. However, the role of lipids in programmed cell death and the relationship between programmed cell death and lipid droplets (LDs) in neuroinvasive virus infection remains unclear. Here, we found that the infection of neuroinvasive virus, such as rabies virus and encephalomyocarditis virus could enhance the LD formation in N2a cells, and decreasing LDs production by targeting diacylglycerol acyltransferase could suppress viral replication. The lipidomics analysis revealed that arachidonic acid (AA) was significantly increased after reducing LD formation by restricting diacylglycerol acyltransferase, and AA was further demonstrated to induce ferroptosis to inhibit neuroinvasive virus replication. Moreover, lipid peroxidation and viral replication inhibition could be significantly alleviated by a ferroptosis inhibitor, ferrostatin-1, indicating that AA affected neuroinvasive virus replication mainly through inducing ferroptosis. Furthermore, AA was demonstrated to activate the acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4-lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase axis to induce ferroptosis. Our findings highlight novel cross-talks among viral infection, LDs, and ferroptosis for the first time, providing a potential target for antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianruo Wang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenkun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Mai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen F Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ming Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, China.
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7
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Hsia JZ, Liu D, Haynes L, Cruz-Cosme R, Tang Q. Lipid Droplets: Formation, Degradation, and Their Role in Cellular Responses to Flavivirus Infections. Microorganisms 2024; 12:647. [PMID: 38674592 PMCID: PMC11051834 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are cellular organelles derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), serving as lipid storage sites crucial for maintaining cellular lipid homeostasis. Recent attention has been drawn to their roles in viral replication and their interactions with viruses. However, the precise biological functions of LDs in viral replication and pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. To elucidate the interaction between LDs and viruses, it is imperative to comprehend the biogenesis of LDs and their dynamic interactions with other organelles. In this review, we explore the intricate pathways involved in LD biogenies within the cytoplasm, encompassing the uptake of fatty acid from nutrients facilitated by CD36-mediated membranous protein (FABP/FATP)-FA complexes, and FA synthesis via glycolysis in the cytoplasm and the TCL cycle in mitochondria. While LD biogenesis primarily occurs in the ER, matured LDs are intricately linked to multiple organelles. Viral infections can lead to diverse consequences in terms of LD status within cells post-infection, potentially involving the breakdown of LDs through the activation of lipophagy. However, the exact mechanisms underlying LD destruction or accumulation by viruses remain elusive. The significance of LDs in viral replication renders them effective targets for developing broad-spectrum antivirals. Moreover, considering that reducing neutral lipids in LDs is a strategy for anti-obesity treatment, LD depletion may not pose harm to cells. This presents LDs as promising antiviral targets for developing therapeutics that are minimally or non-toxic to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qiyi Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (J.Z.H.); (D.L.); (L.H.); (R.C.-C.)
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8
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徐 思, 魏 洁, 谢 静. [Research Progress of Cellular Lipid Droplets in Oral Diseases]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2024; 55:475-481. [PMID: 38645850 PMCID: PMC11026902 DOI: 10.12182/20240160102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are dynamic multifunctional organelles composed of a neutral lipid core and a phospholipid monolayer membrane modified by a specific set of proteins. PAT family proteins are the most characteristic lipid droplet proteins, playing an important role in regulating lipid droplet structure, function, and metabolism. The biogenesis of lipid droplets involves neutral lipid synthesis and the nucleation, budding, and growth of the lipid droplets. Lipid droplets not only serve as the energy metabolism reserve of cells but also participate in intracellular signal transduction and the development of inflammation and tumor. Lipid droplets are closely connected to and interact with various organelles, regulating the division, the transportation, and the genetics of organelles. The complexity of lipid droplets biogenesis and the diversity of their functions may have provided a physiological basis for the pathogenesis and development of diseases, but further research is needed in order to better understand the relevant processes. Published findings have helped elucidate the association between lipid droplets and diseases, such as obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, neurodegenerative disease, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, but the relationship between lipid droplets and oral diseases has not been fully studied. Topics that warrant further research include the role and mechanisms of lipid droplets in the pathogenesis and development of oral diseases, the relationship between oral diseases and systemic diseases, and translation of the effect of lipid droplets on oral diseases into valuable clinical diagnostic and treatment methods. Herein, we reviewed the biogenesis and functions of lipid droplets and the progress in research concerning lipid droplets in oral diseases, including mouth neoplasms, periodontitis, and dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- 思群 徐
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 洁雅 魏
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 静 谢
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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9
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Tan YJ, Jin Y, Zhou J, Yang YF. Lipid droplets in pathogen infection and host immunity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:449-464. [PMID: 37993536 PMCID: PMC10834987 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As the hub of cellular lipid metabolism, lipid droplets (LDs) have been linked to a variety of biological processes. During pathogen infection, the biogenesis, composition, and functions of LDs are tightly regulated. The accumulation of LDs has been described as a hallmark of pathogen infection and is thought to be driven by pathogens for their own benefit. Recent studies have revealed that LDs and their subsequent lipid mediators contribute to effective immunological responses to pathogen infection by promoting host stress tolerance and reducing toxicity. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the intricate roles of LDs in governing the replication and assembly of a wide spectrum of pathogens within host cells. We also discuss the regulatory function of LDs in host immunity and highlight the potential for targeting LDs for the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Tan
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yun-Fan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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10
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Kazemisabet F, Bahrami A, Ghosh R, Różycki B, Bahrami AH. Molecular mechanisms and energetics of lipid droplet formation and directional budding. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:909-922. [PMID: 38189157 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01438j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The formation and budding of lipid droplets (LDs) are known to be governed by the LD size and by membrane tensions in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bilayer and LD-monolayers. Using coarse-grained simulations of an LD model, we first show that ER-embedded LDs of different sizes can form through a continuous transition from wide LD lenses to spherical LDs at a fixed LD size. The ER tendency to relax its bilayer modulates the transition via a subtle interplay between the ER and LD lipid densities. By calculating the energetic landscape of the LD transition, we demonstrate that this size-independent transition is regulated by the mechanical force balance of ER and LD-tensions, independent from membrane bending and line tension whose energetic contributions are negligible according to our calculations. Our findings explain experimental observation of stable LDs of various shapes. We then propose a novel mechanism for directional LD budding where the required membrane asymmetry is provided by the exchange of lipids between the LD-monolayers. Remarkably, we demonstrate that this budding process is energetically neutral. Consequently, LD budding can proceed by a modest energy input from proteins or other driving agents. We obtain equal lipid densities and membrane tensions in LD-monolayers throughout budding. Our findings indicate that unlike LD formation, LD budding by inter-monolayer lipid exchange is a tension-independent process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kazemisabet
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, North Kargar St., 14399-57131 Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Bahrami
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, North Kargar St., 14399-57131 Tehran, Iran
| | - Rikhia Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
| | - Bartosz Różycki
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amir H Bahrami
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Living Matter Physics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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11
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Mondal S, Ghosh S. Liposome-Mediated Anti-Viral Drug Delivery Across Blood-Brain Barrier: Can Lipid Droplet Target Be Game Changers? Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 44:9. [PMID: 38123863 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are subcellular organelles secreted from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that play a major role in lipid homeostasis. Recent research elucidates additional roles of LDs in cellular bioenergetics and innate immunity. LDs activate signaling cascades for interferon response and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Since balanced lipid homeostasis is critical for neuronal health, LDs play a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases. RNA viruses enhance the secretion of LDs to support various phases of their life cycle in neurons which further leads to neurodegeneration. Targeting the excess LD formation in the brain could give us a new arsenal of antiviral therapeutics against neuroviruses. Liposomes are a suitable drug delivery system that could be used for drug delivery in the brain by crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier. Utilizing this, various pharmacological inhibitors and non-coding RNAs can be delivered that could inhibit the biogenesis of LDs or reduce their sizes, reversing the excess lipid-related imbalance in neurons. Liposome-Mediated Antiviral Drug Delivery Across Blood-Brain Barrier. Developing effective antiviral drug is challenging and it doubles against neuroviruses that needs delivery across the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). Lipid Droplets (LDs) are interesting targets for developing antivirals, hence targeting LD formation by drugs delivered using Liposomes can be game changers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Mondal
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Sourish Ghosh
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India.
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12
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Zhu X, An X, Chen M, Guo D, Xie P, Wang B, Huang Z, Yu W. Seipin overexpression attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via preventing apoptosis and autophagy. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3195. [PMID: 37897134 PMCID: PMC10726895 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) is one of three fatal diseases in humans, along with heart disease and malignant tumors. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is the primary cause of ICVD. Recently, seipin was reported to be crucial for lipid droplet formation, hepatic steatosis, and axonal atrophy. However, the function and mechanism of seipin in CI/RI has not been explicitly stated. METHODS Oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) hippocampal neuron cell line (HT-22) and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats were established. The levels of apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins and seipin were confirmed by western blot. Cell proliferation was assessed with CCK-8, and ischemic infarction and pathological structure were monitored by TTC and H&E staining, and tissue apoptosis was assessed through TUNEL assay. RESULTS The proliferative activity was decreased, and apoptosis and autophagy pathways could also be induced in the OGD/R HT-22 cells. Seipin overexpression accelerated viability and inhibited apoptosis and autophagy in the OGD/R HT-22 cells. Moreover, the data revealed that seipin overexpression could also attenuate cerebral infarction, apoptosis. Autophagy pathways could be repressed by seipin in the MCAO rats. CONCLUSION Seipin has a protective role against CI/RI in rats, and its mechanism might be relevant to the suppression of apoptosis and autophagy, suggesting that seipin might be a latent target for CI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical Science of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang CityChina
- Cell engineering LaboratoryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi CityChina
| | - Xiaoqiong An
- Key Laboratory of Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical Science of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang CityChina
| | - Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical Science of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang CityChina
| | - Dongfen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical Science of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang CityChina
| | - Peng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical Science of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang CityChina
| | - Bi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical Science of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang CityChina
| | - Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical Science of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang CityChina
| | - Wenfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical Science of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang CityChina
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13
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Ji T, Fang B, Zhang M, Liu Y. Succinate Enhances Lipolysis and Decreases Adipocytes Size in Both Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue from High-Fat-Diet-Fed Obese Mice. Foods 2023; 12:4285. [PMID: 38231706 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases related to the overexpansion of adipose tissue during obesity, leading to metabolic dysfunction and ectopic lipids. Previous studies reported a close relationship between succinate and obesity and its co-morbidities, and studies have also reported on its anti-obesity potential. To confirm its efficacy in obesity interventions, we supplemented mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet with succinate (1.5% m/v in drinking water) for 11 weeks without changing the diet. After succinate supplementation, the changes in body weight, adipose tissue deposition, glucose tolerance, energy expenditure and lipid metabolism were evaluated. It was found that succinate supplementation significantly decreased subcutaneous adipose tissue (HFD: 4239.3 ± 211.2 mg; HFD-SA: 3268.9 ± 265.7 mg. p < 0.05), triglyceride contents (decreased by 1.53 mmol/g and 0.39 mmol/g in eWAT and ingWAT, respectively, p < 0.05) and NEFA (decreased by 1.41 μmol/g and 1.31 μmol/g in eWAT and ingWAT, respectively, p < 0.05). The adipocytes' sizes all significantly decreased in both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (the proportion of adipocytes with diameters larger than 100 μm in eWAT and ingWAT decreased by 16.83% and 11.96%, respectively. p < 0.05). Succinate significantly enhanced lipolysis in adipose tissue (eWAT: Adrb3, Hsl and Plin1; ingWAT: Hsl and CPT1a; p < 0.05), whereas the expression of lipogenesis-related genes remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Succinate supplementation also enhanced the activity of BAT by stimulating the expression of Ucp1 and Cidea (p < 0.05). Our results reported that succinate has a potential beneficial effect on obesity pathogenesis but cannot efficiently decrease bodyweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Food Science and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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14
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Zhang Y, Zhao H, Tang J, Nan S, Lu L, Zhang P, Wei C. Lipid droplet-specific near-infrared fluorescent probe for discriminating cancer and normal cells and diagnosing fatty liver. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106800. [PMID: 37643567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) is a newly essential organelle, which participates in carious physiological and pathological processes. LDs are considered as potential markers for disease diagnosis. Specific imaging of LDs is useful to understand their basic biological function and to diagnose diseases. Here we designed and synthesized two fluorescent probes based on the low polarity and high viscosity in LDs. The terminal probe ZH-2 exhibits lipophilicity, NIR emission, viscosity sensitivity, and LDs specificity. The probe has been successfully used for visualizing LDs metabolism, discriminating between normal and cancerous cells, and diagnosing fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Han Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Junshuai Tang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Shiyu Nan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Liqing Lu
- Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Pingzhu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Chao Wei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China.
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15
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Hu J, Liu Y, Du Y, Peng X, Liu Z. Cellular organelles as drug carriers for disease treatment. J Control Release 2023; 363:114-135. [PMID: 37742846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Organelles not only constitute the basic structure of the cell but also are important in maintaining the normal physiological activities of the cell. With the development of biomimetic nanoscience, researchers have developed technologies to use organelles as drug carriers for disease treatment. Compared with traditional drug carriers, organelle drug carriers have the advantages of good biocompatibility, high drug loading efficiency, and modifiability, and the surface biomarkers of organelles can also participate in intracellular signal transduction to enhance intracellular and intercellular communication, and assist in enhancing the therapeutic effect of drugs. Among different types of organelles, extracellular vesicles, lipid droplets, lysosomes, and mitochondria have been used as drug carriers. This review briefly reviews the biogenesis, isolation methods, and drug-loading methods of four types of organelles, and systematically summarizes the research progress in using organelles as drug-delivery systems for disease treatment. Finally, the challenges faced by organelle-based drug delivery systems are discussed. Although the organelle-based drug delivery systems still face challenges before they can achieve clinical translation, they offer a new direction and vision for the development of next-generation drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yimin Du
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xingxing Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Zhenbao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, PR China; Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China.
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16
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Sun X, Shen J, Perrimon N, Kong X, Wang D. The endoribonuclease Arlr is required to maintain lipid homeostasis by downregulating lipolytic genes during aging. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6254. [PMID: 37803019 PMCID: PMC10558556 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While disorders in lipid metabolism have been associated with aging and age-related diseases, how lipid metabolism is regulated during aging is poorly understood. Here, we characterize the Drosophila endoribonuclease CG2145, an ortholog of mammalian EndoU that we named Age-related lipid regulator (Arlr), as a regulator of lipid homeostasis during aging. In adult adipose tissues, Arlr is necessary for maintenance of lipid storage in lipid droplets (LDs) as flies age, a phenotype that can be rescued by either high-fat or high-glucose diet. Interestingly, RNA-seq of arlr mutant adipose tissues and RIP-seq suggest that Arlr affects lipid metabolism through the degradation of the mRNAs of lipolysis genes - a model further supported by the observation that knockdown of Lsd-1, regucalcin, yip2 or CG5162, which encode genes involved in lipolysis, rescue the LD defects of arlr mutants. In addition, we characterize DendoU as a functional paralog of Arlr and show that human ENDOU can rescue arlr mutants. Altogether, our study reveals a role of ENDOU-like endonucleases as negative regulator of lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Sun
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xue Kong
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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17
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhao W, Li J, Yang D, Xiang L, Du T, Ma L. Effect of vitamin D3 on lipid droplet growth in adipocytes of mice with HFD-induced obesity. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6686-6697. [PMID: 37823117 PMCID: PMC10563741 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D-regulating action of PPARγ on obesity has been confirmed on adipocyte differentiation. However, it is not clear whether vitamin D affects the morphological size of mature adipocytes by influencing the expression of PPARγ in vivo. Our hypothesis was that Vitamin D3 (VitD3) inhibits the growth of adipocyte size by suppressing PPARγ expression in white adipocytes of obese mice. Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal diet and high-fat diet groups. After 10 weeks, the body weight between the two groups differed by 26.91%. The obese mice were randomly divided into a high-fat diet, solvent control, low-dose VitD3 (5000 IU/kg·food), medium-dose VitD3 (7500 IU/kg·food), high-dose VitD3 (10,000 IU/kg·food), and PPAR γ antagonist group, and the intervention lasted for 8 weeks. Diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice fed high-dose VitD3 exacerbated markers of adiposity (body weight, fat mass, fat mass rate, size of white and brown adipocytes, mRNA, and protein levels of ATGL and Fsp27), and the protein level of ATGL and Fsp27 decreased in the low-dose group. In conclusion, high-dose VitD3 possibly via inhibiting the ATGL expression, thereby inhibiting lipolysis, increasing the volume of adipocytes, and decreasing their fat-storing ability resulted in decreased Fsp27 expression. Therefore, long-term high-dose oral VitD3 may not necessarily improve obesity, and we need more clinical trials to explore the intervention dose and duration of VitD3 in the treatment of VitD3 deficiency in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Clinical NutritionAffiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Yuanfan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Wenxin Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Jialu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Lian Xiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Tingwan Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
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18
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Li Z, Gao Y, Yan J, Wang S, Wang S, Liu Y, Wang S, Hua J. Golgi-localized MORN1 promotes lipid droplet abundance and enhances tolerance to multiple stresses in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:1890-1903. [PMID: 37097077 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplet (LD) in vegetative tissues has recently been implicated in environmental responses in plants, but its regulation and its function in stress tolerance are not well understood. Here, we identified a Membrane Occupation and Recognition Nexus 1 (MORN1) gene as a contributor to natural variations of stress tolerance through genome-wide association study in Arabidopsis thaliana. Characterization of its loss-of-function mutant and natural variants revealed that the MORN1 gene is a positive regulator of plant growth, disease resistance, cold tolerance, and heat tolerance. The MORN1 protein is associated with the Golgi and is also partly associated with LD. Protein truncations that disrupt these associations abolished the biological function of the MORN1 protein. Furthermore, the MORN1 gene is a positive regulator of LD abundance, and its role in LD number regulation and stress tolerance is highly linked. Therefore, this study identifies MORN1 as a positive regulator of LD abundance and a contributor to natural variations of stress tolerance. It implicates a potential involvement of Golgi in LD biogenesis and strongly suggests a contribution of LD to diverse processes of plant growth and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jiapei Yan
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shaokui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jian Hua
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Jin Y, Tan Y, Wu J, Ren Z. Lipid droplets: a cellular organelle vital in cancer cells. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:254. [PMID: 37474495 PMCID: PMC10359296 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are cellular organelles comprising a core of neutral lipids (glycerides, sterols) encased within a single phospholipid membrane, responsible for storing surplus lipids and furnishing cellular energy. LDs engage in lipid synthesis, catabolism, and transport processes by interacting with other organelles (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria), and they play critical roles in regulating cellular stress and immunity. Recent research has uncovered that an elevated number of LDs is a hallmark of cancer cells, attributable to their enhanced lipid uptake and synthesis capacity, with lipids stored as LDs. Depletion of LDs in cancer cells induces apoptosis, prompting the emergence of small molecule antitumor drugs targeting LDs or key factors (e.g., FASN, SCD1) within the lipid synthesis pathway. Advancements in LD isolation and artificial synthesis have demonstrated their potential applicability in antitumor research. LDs extracted from murine adipose tissue and incubated with lipophilic antitumor drugs yield drug-coated LDs, which promote apoptosis in cancer cells. Furthermore, LDs have been employed as biological lenses to augment the resolution of subcellular structures (microfilaments, microtubules), facilitating the observation of intricate structures within thicker cells, including cancer cells. This review delineates the functional and metabolic mechanisms of LDs in cancer cells and encapsulates recent progress in LD-centered antitumor research, offering novel insights for tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Tan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhuqing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, P. R. China.
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20
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Qu Y, Wang W, Xiao MZX, Zheng Y, Liang Q. The interplay between lipid droplets and virus infection. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28967. [PMID: 37496184 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
As an intracellular parasite, the virus usurps cellular machinery and modulates cellular metabolism pathways to replicate itself in cells. Lipid droplets (LDs) are universally conserved energy storage organelles that not only play vital roles in maintaining lipid homeostasis but are also involved in viral replication. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that viruses take advantage of cellular lipid metabolism by targeting the biogenesis, hydrolysis, and lipophagy of LD during viral infection. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the modulation of cellular LD by different viruses, with a special emphasis on the Hepatitis C virus, Dengue virus, and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Qu
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Maggie Z X Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuejuan Zheng
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiming Liang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hammoudeh N, Soukkarieh C, Murphy DJ, Hanano A. Mammalian lipid droplets: structural, pathological, immunological and anti-toxicological roles. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101233. [PMID: 37156444 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian lipid droplets (LDs) are specialized cytosolic organelles consisting of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a membrane made up of a phospholipid monolayer and a specific population of proteins that varies according to the location and function of each LD. Over the past decade, there have been significant advances in the understanding of LD biogenesis and functions. LDs are now recognized as dynamic organelles that participate in many aspects of cellular homeostasis plus other vital functions. LD biogenesis is a complex, highly-regulated process with assembly occurring on the endoplasmic reticulum although aspects of the underpinning molecular mechanisms remain elusive. For example, it is unclear how many enzymes participate in the biosynthesis of the neutral lipid components of LDs and how this process is coordinated in response to different metabolic cues to promote or suppress LD formation and turnover. In addition to enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of neutral lipids, various scaffolding proteins play roles in coordinating LD formation. Despite their lack of ultrastructural diversity, LDs in different mammalian cell types are involved in a wide range of biological functions. These include roles in membrane homeostasis, regulation of hypoxia, neoplastic inflammatory responses, cellular oxidative status, lipid peroxidation, and protection against potentially toxic intracellular fatty acids and lipophilic xenobiotics. Herein, the roles of mammalian LDs and their associated proteins are reviewed with a particular focus on their roles in pathological, immunological and anti-toxicological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Hammoudeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Chadi Soukkarieh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Denis J Murphy
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL, Wales, United Kingdom..
| | - Abdulsamie Hanano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria..
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Han L, Huang D, Wu S, Liu S, Wang C, Sheng Y, Lu X, Broxmeyer HE, Wan J, Yang L. Lipid droplet-associated lncRNA LIPTER preserves cardiac lipid metabolism. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1033-1046. [PMID: 37264180 PMCID: PMC10344779 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are cellular organelles critical for lipid homeostasis, with intramyocyte LD accumulation implicated in metabolic disorder-associated heart diseases. Here we identify a human long non-coding RNA, Lipid-Droplet Transporter (LIPTER), essential for LD transport in human cardiomyocytes. LIPTER binds phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate on LD surface membranes and the MYH10 protein, connecting LDs to the MYH10-ACTIN cytoskeleton and facilitating LD transport. LIPTER and MYH10 deficiencies impair LD trafficking, mitochondrial function and survival of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Conditional Myh10 deletion in mouse cardiomyocytes leads to LD accumulation, reduced fatty acid oxidation and compromised cardiac function. We identify NKX2.5 as the primary regulator of cardiomyocyte-specific LIPTER transcription. Notably, LIPTER transgenic expression mitigates cardiac lipotoxicity, preserves cardiac function and alleviates cardiomyopathies in high-fat-diet-fed and Leprdb/db mice. Our findings unveil a molecular connector role of LIPTER in intramyocyte LD transport, crucial for lipid metabolism of the human heart, and hold significant clinical implications for treating metabolic syndrome-associated heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Dayang Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shiyong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yi Sheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiongbin Lu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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23
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Tian J, Du Y, Wang B, Ji M, Li H, Xia Y, Zhang K, Li Z, Xie W, Gong W, Yu E, Wang G, Xie J. Hif1α/Dhrs3a Pathway Participates in Lipid Droplet Accumulation via Retinol and Ppar-γ in Fish Hepatocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10236. [PMID: 37373386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive hepatic lipid accumulation is a common phenomenon in cultured fish; however, its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Lipid droplet (LD)-related proteins play vital roles in LD accumulation. Herein, using a zebrafish liver cell line (ZFL), we show that LD accumulation is accompanied by differential expression of seven LD-annotated genes, among which the expression of dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 3 a/b (dhrs3a/b) increased synchronously. RNAi-mediated knockdown of dhrs3a delayed LD accumulation and downregulated the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (pparg) in cells incubated with fatty acids. Notably, Dhrs3 catalyzed retinene to retinol, the content of which increased in LD-enriched cells. The addition of exogenous retinyl acetate maintained LD accumulation only in cells incubated in a lipid-rich medium. Correspondingly, exogenous retinyl acetate significantly increased pparg mRNA expression levels and altered the lipidome of the cells by increasing the phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol contents and decreasing the cardiolipin, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine contents. Administration of LW6, an hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) inhibitor, reduced the size and number of LDs in ZFL cells and attenuated hif1αa, hif1αb, dhrs3a, and pparg mRNA expression levels. We propose that the Hif-1α/Dhrs3a pathway participates in LD accumulation in hepatocytes, which induces retinol formation and the Ppar-γ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Hainan Fisheries Innovation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Yihui Du
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Mengmeng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Hainan Fisheries Innovation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Hainan Fisheries Innovation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Hainan Fisheries Innovation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Zhifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Hainan Fisheries Innovation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Wenping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Hainan Fisheries Innovation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Wangbao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Hainan Fisheries Innovation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Ermeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Hainan Fisheries Innovation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Hainan Fisheries Innovation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
- Hainan Fisheries Innovation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
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24
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Müller GA, Müller TD. (Patho)Physiology of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins II: Intercellular Transfer of Matter (Inheritance?) That Matters. Biomolecules 2023; 13:994. [PMID: 37371574 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (APs) are anchored at the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM) bilayer by covalent linkage to a typical glycolipid and expressed in all eukaryotic organisms so far studied. Lipolytic release from PMs into extracellular compartments and intercellular transfer are regarded as the main (patho)physiological roles exerted by GPI-APs. The intercellular transfer of GPI-APs relies on the complete GPI anchor and is mediated by extracellular vesicles such as microvesicles and exosomes and lipid-free homo- or heteromeric aggregates, and lipoprotein-like particles such as prostasomes and surfactant-like particles, or lipid-containing micelle-like complexes. In mammalian organisms, non-vesicular transfer is controlled by the distance between donor and acceptor cells/tissues; intrinsic conditions such as age, metabolic state, and stress; extrinsic factors such as GPI-binding proteins; hormones such as insulin; and drugs such as anti-diabetic sulfonylureas. It proceeds either "directly" upon close neighborhood or contact of donor and acceptor cells or "indirectly" as a consequence of the induced lipolytic release of GPI-APs from PMs. Those displace from the serum GPI-binding proteins GPI-APs, which have retained the complete anchor, and become assembled in aggregates or micelle-like complexes. Importantly, intercellular transfer of GPI-APs has been shown to induce specific phenotypes such as stimulation of lipid and glycogen synthesis, in cultured human adipocytes, blood cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. As a consequence, intercellular transfer of GPI-APs should be regarded as non-genetic inheritance of (acquired) features between somatic cells which is based on the biogenesis and transmission of matter such as GPI-APs and "membrane landscapes", rather than the replication and transmission of information such as DNA. Its operation in mammalian organisms remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter A Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) at the Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) at the Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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25
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Yu Z, Zhou Y, Li Y, Dong Z. Integration of clinical and spatial data to explore lipid metabolism-related genes for predicting prognosis and immune microenvironment in gliomas. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:82. [PMID: 36929451 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is crucial to tumor growth and immune microenvironment as well as drug sensitivity in glioma. Identifying prognostic indicators of glioma and elucidating the mechanisms of glioma progression are critical for improving the prognosis of glioma patients. In this study, we investigated the role and prognostic value of metabolism-related genes in glioma by integrative analysis of datasets from GEO, CGGA, and TCGA. Based on clinical data and transcriptome data, we found that the expression pattern of three major pathways related to lipid metabolism is fatty acidhigh-phospholipidhigh-triglyceridelow, which is associated with better prognosis and immune infiltration. The genes involved in these three pathways were used to generate a prognostic model, which showed high stability and efficiency in the test set and validation set. The spatial transcriptome of glioma patients revealed that the microenvironment of the regions with high expression of risk genes CAV1 and SCD is in a state of hypoxia, EMT, and cell cycle arrest, and thus can be used as markers of metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment. In the high-risk group, M0 macrophages and M1 macrophages were significantly enriched, and the risk score was significantly correlated with gene mutation and methylation of risk genes. We further performed drug sensitivity screening corresponding to different risk genes. This study provided novel insights into the differential immune microenvironment with different expression patterns of metablism-related genes and highlighted the spatial and temporal synergy of tumor progression and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyi Yu
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yuneng Zhou
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Donghu New & High Technology Development Zone, Wuhan Institute of Technology, No.206, Guanggu 1St Road, Wuhan, 430205, Hubei, China
| | - Yongxue Li
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.
- College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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26
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Jin J, Xie Y, Zhang JS, Wang JQ, Dai SJ, He WF, Li SY, Ashby CR, Chen ZS, He Q. Sunitinib resistance in renal cell carcinoma: From molecular mechanisms to predictive biomarkers. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 67:100929. [PMID: 36739809 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Currently, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most prevalent type of kidney cancer. Targeted therapy has replaced radiation therapy and chemotherapy as the main treatment option for RCC due to the lack of significant efficacy with these conventional therapeutic regimens. Sunitinib, a drug used to treat gastrointestinal tumors and renal cell carcinoma, inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of a number of receptor tyrosine kinases, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), c-Kit, rearranged during transfection (RET) and fms-related receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3). Although sunitinib has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of patients with advanced RCC, a significant number of patients have primary resistance to sunitinib or acquired drug resistance within the 6-15 months of therapy. Thus, in order to develop more efficacious and long-lasting treatment strategies for patients with advanced RCC, it will be crucial to ascertain how to overcome sunitinib resistance that is produced by various drug resistance mechanisms. In this review, we discuss: 1) molecular mechanisms of sunitinib resistance; 2) strategies to overcome sunitinib resistance and 3) potential predictive biomarkers of sunitinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Yuhao Xie
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Jin-Shi Zhang
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Jing-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Shi-Jie Dai
- Zhejiang Eyoung Pharmaceutical Research and Development Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311258, China
| | - Wen-Fang He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Shou-Ye Li
- Zhejiang Eyoung Pharmaceutical Research and Development Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311258, China
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
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27
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Zhozhikov L, Sukhomyasova A, Gurinova E, Nogovicina A, Vasilev F, Maksimova N. Origins of SOPH syndrome: A study of 93 Yakut patients with review of C-terminal phenotype. Clin Genet 2023; 103:625-635. [PMID: 36843433 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Since the first report of SOPH syndrome among the Yakut population in 2010, new clinical data of SOPH-like conditions continue to appear. We expand the phenotypic spectrum of SOPH syndrome and perform a comparative analysis of Yakut SOPH patients' clinical data with SOPH-like conditions reported in the world scientific literature to form a foundation for NBAS pathogenesis discussion. Clinical data from the genetic records of 93 patients with SOPH syndrome and global survey data on patients with pathogenic variants of the C-terminal in the NBAS gene were collected. A detailed phenotype description of patients is presented with a total number of 111 individuals. Underweight below the fifth centile and prone to delayed bone age in Yakut SOPH patients are retrospectively observed. We outline the short stature with optic atrophy as the leading phenotyping trait for C-terminal NBAS patients. The pathophysiology and patients management of SOPH-like conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Zhozhikov
- Research Laboratory of "Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics", Institute of Medicine, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Aitalina Sukhomyasova
- Research Laboratory of "Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics", Institute of Medicine, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia
- Medical Genetic Center, Republic Hospital No1 - National Center of Medicine, Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Gurinova
- Medical Genetic Center, Republic Hospital No1 - National Center of Medicine, Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Anna Nogovicina
- Research Laboratory of "Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics", Institute of Medicine, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Filipp Vasilev
- Research Laboratory of "Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics", Institute of Medicine, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Maksimova
- Research Laboratory of "Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics", Institute of Medicine, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia
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Cholesterol esters form supercooled lipid droplets whose nucleation is facilitated by triacylglycerols. Nat Commun 2023; 14:915. [PMID: 36807572 PMCID: PMC9938224 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36375-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular cholesterol can be metabolized to its fatty acid esters, cholesteryl esters (CEs), to be stored in lipid droplets (LDs). With triacylglycerols (TGs), CEs represent the main neutral lipids in LDs. However, while TG melts at ~4 °C, CE melts at ~44 °C, raising the question of how CE-rich LDs form in cells. Here, we show that CE forms supercooled droplets when the CE concentration in LDs is above 20% to TG and, in particular, liquid-crystalline phases when the fraction of CEs is above 90% at 37 °C. In model bilayers, CEs condense and nucleate droplets when the CE/phospholipid ratio reaches over 10-15%. This concentration is reduced by TG pre-clusters in the membrane that thereby facilitate CE nucleation. Accordingly, blocking TG synthesis in cells is sufficient to strongly dampen CE LD nucleation. Finally, CE LDs emerged at seipins, which cluster and nucleate TG LDs in the ER. However, when TG synthesis is inhibited, similar numbers of LDs are generated in the presence and absence of seipin, suggesting that seipin controls CE LD formation via its TG clustering capacity. Our data point to a unique model whereby TG pre-clusters, favorable at seipins, catalyze the nucleation of CE LDs.
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Gemfibrozil-Induced Intracellular Triglyceride Increase in SH-SY5Y, HEK and Calu-3 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032972. [PMID: 36769295 PMCID: PMC9917468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemfibrozil is a drug that has been used for over 40 years to lower triglycerides in blood. As a ligand for peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα), which is expressed in many tissues, it induces the transcription of numerous genes for carbohydrate and lipid-metabolism. However, nothing is known about how intracellular lipid-homeostasis and, in particular, triglycerides are affected. As triglycerides are stored in lipid-droplets, which are known to be associated with many diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, cancer, fatty liver disease and type-2 diabetes, treatment with gemfibrozil could adversely affect these diseases. To address the question whether gemfibrozil also affects intracellular lipid-levels, SH-SY5Y, HEK and Calu-3 cells, representing three different metabolically active organs (brain, lung and kidney), were incubated with gemfibrozil and subsequently analyzed semi-quantitatively by mass-spectrometry. Importantly, all cells showed a strong increase in intracellular triglycerides (SH-SY5Y: 170.3%; HEK: 272.1%; Calu-3: 448.1%), suggesting that the decreased triglyceride-levels might be due to an enhanced cellular uptake. Besides the common intracellular triglyceride increase, a cell-line specific alteration in acylcarnitines are found, suggesting that especially in neuronal cell lines gemfibrozil increases the transport of fatty acids to mitochondria and therefore increases the turnover of fatty acids for the benefit of additional energy supply, which could be important in diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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30
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Application of Caenorhabditis elegans in Lipid Metabolism Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021173. [PMID: 36674689 PMCID: PMC9860639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the development and prevalence of obesity have posed a serious public health risk, which has prompted studies on the regulation of adiposity. With the ease of genetic manipulation, the diversity of the methods for characterizing body fat levels, and the observability of feeding behavior, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is considered an excellent model for exploring energy homeostasis and the regulation of the cellular fat storage. In addition, the homology with mammals in the genes related to the lipid metabolism allows many aspects of lipid modulation by the regulators of the central nervous system to be conserved in this ideal model organism. In recent years, as the complex network of genes that maintain an energy balance has been gradually expanded and refined, the regulatory mechanisms of lipid storage have become clearer. Furthermore, the development of methods and devices to assess the lipid levels has become a powerful tool for studies in lipid droplet biology and the regulation of the nematode lipid metabolism. Herein, based on the rapid progress of C. elegans lipid metabolism-related studies, this review outlined the lipid metabolic processes, the major signaling pathways of fat storage regulation, and the primary experimental methods to assess the lipid content in nematodes. Therefore, this model system holds great promise for facilitating the understanding, management, and therapies of human obesity and other metabolism-related diseases.
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Grass Carp Reovirus Induces Formation of Lipid Droplets as Sites for Its Replication and Assembly. mBio 2022; 13:e0229722. [PMID: 36445081 PMCID: PMC9765412 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02297-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass carp is an important commercial fish in China that is plagued by various diseases, especially the hemorrhagic disease induced by grass carp reovirus (GCRV). Nevertheless, the mechanism by which GCRV hijacks the host metabolism to complete its life cycle is unclear. In this study, we performed lipidomic analysis of grass carp liver samples collected before and after GCRV infection. GCRV infection altered host lipid metabolism and increased de novo fatty acid synthesis. Increased de novo fatty acid synthesis induced accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs). LDs are associated with GCRV viroplasms, as well as viral proteins and double-stranded RNA. Pharmacological inhibition of LD formation led to the disappearance of viroplasms, accompanied by decreased viral replication capacity. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy revealed LDs in close association with the viroplasms and mounted GCRV particles. Collectively, these data suggest that LDs are essential for viroplasm formation and are sites for GCRV replication and assembly. Our results revealed the detailed molecular events of GCRV hijacking host lipid metabolism to benefit its replication and assembly, which may provide new perspective for the prevention and control of GCRV. IMPORTANCE Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is the most virulent pathogen in the genus Aquareovirus, which belongs to the family Reoviridae. GCRV-induced hemorrhagic disease is a major threat to the grass carp aquaculture industry. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that require host cell machinery to complete their life cycle; the mechanism by which GCRV hijacks the host metabolism to benefit viral replication and assembly remains unclear. Our study demonstrated that GCRV infection alters host lipid metabolism and increases de novo fatty acid synthesis. The increased de novo fatty acid synthesis induced accumulation of LDs, which act as sites or scaffolds for GCRV replication and assembly. Our findings illustrate a typical example of how the virus hijacks cellular organelles for replication and assembly and hence may provide new insights for the prevention and control of GCRV.
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32
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Qin ZL, Yao QF, Ren H, Zhao P, Qi ZT. Lipid Droplets and Their Participation in Zika Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012584. [PMID: 36293437 PMCID: PMC9604050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are highly conserved and dynamic intracellular organelles. Their functions are not limited to serving as neutral lipid reservoirs; they also participate in non-energy storage functions, such as cell lipid metabolism, protection from cell stresses, maintaining protein homeostasis, and regulating nuclear function. During a Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, the viruses hijack the LDs to provide energy and lipid sources for viral replication. The co-localization of ZIKV capsid (C) protein with LDs supports its role as a virus replication platform and a key compartment for promoting the generation of progeny virus particles. However, in view of the multiple functions of LDs, their role in ZIKV infection needs further elucidation. Here, we review the basic mechanism of LD biogenesis and biological functions and discuss how ZIKV infection utilizes these effects of LDs to facilitate virus replication, along with the future application strategy of developing new antiviral drugs based on the interaction of ZIKV with LDs.
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Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Oil-Body-Membrane Proteins in Polyploid Crop Brassica napus. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172241. [PMID: 36079626 PMCID: PMC9460193 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oil-body-membrane proteins (OBMPs) are essential structural molecules of oil bodies and also versatile metabolic enzymes involved in multiple cellular processes such as lipid metabolism, hormone signaling and stress responses. However, the global landscape for OBMP genes in oil crops is still lacking. Here, we performed genome-wide identification and characterization of OBMP genes in polyploid crop Brassica napus. B. napus contains up to 88 BnaOBMP genes including 53 oleosins, 20 caleosins and 15 steroleosins. Both whole-genome and tandem duplications have contributed to the expansion of the BnaOBMP gene family. These BnaOBMP genes have extensive sequence polymorphisms, and some harbor strong selection signatures. Various cis-acting regulatory elements involved in plant growth, phytohormones and abiotic and biotic stress responses are detected in their promoters. BnaOBMPs exhibit differential expression at various developmental stages from diverse tissues. Importantly, some BnaOBMP genes display spatiotemporal patterns of seed-specific expression, which could be orchestrated by transcriptional factors such as EEL, GATA3, HAT2, SMZ, DOF5.6 and APL. Altogether, our data lay the foundations for studying the regulatory mechanism of the seed oil storage process and provide candidate genes and alleles for the genetic improvement and breeding of rapeseed with high seed oil content.
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Hegaard FV, Klenow MB, Simonsen AC. Lens Nucleation and Droplet Budding in a Membrane Model for Lipid Droplet Biogenesis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9247-9256. [PMID: 35849366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplet biogenesis comprises the emergence of cytosolic lipid droplets with a typical diameter 0.1-5 μm via synthesis of fat in the endoplasmatic reticulum, the formation of membrane-embedded lenses, and the eventual budding of lenses into solution as droplets. Lipid droplets in cells are increasingly being viewed as highly dynamic organelles with multiple functions in cell physiology. However, the mechanism of droplet formation in cells remains poorly understood, partly because their formation involves the rapid transformation of transient lipid structures that are difficult to capture. Thus, the development of controlled experimental systems that model lipid biogenesis is highly relevant for an enhanced mechanistic understanding. Here we prepare and characterize triolein (TO) lenses in a multilamellar spin-coated phosphatidylcholine (POPC) film and determine the lens nucleation threshold to 0.25-0.5% TO. The TO lens shapes are characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) including their mean cap angle ⟨α⟩ = 27.3° and base radius ⟨a⟩ = 152.7 nm. A cross-correlation analysis of corresponding AFM and fluorescence images confirms that TO is localized to lenses. Hydration of the lipid/lens film induces the gel to fluid membrane phase transition and makes the lenses more mobile. The budding of free droplets into solution from membrane lenses is detected by observing a change in motion from confined wiggling to ballistic motion of droplets in solution. The results confirm that droplet budding can occur spontaneously without being facilitated by proteins. The developed model system provides a controlled platform for testing mechanisms of lipid droplet biogenesis in vitro and addressing questions related to lens formation and droplet budding by quantitative image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Viktor Hegaard
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy (FKF), PhyLife - Physical LifeScience, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Martin Berg Klenow
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy (FKF), PhyLife - Physical LifeScience, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Adam Cohen Simonsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy (FKF), PhyLife - Physical LifeScience, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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35
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Zhang X, Li X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Hu Y, Guo C, Yu Z, Xu P, Ding Y, Mi QS, Wu J, Gu J, Shi Y. Abnormal lipid metabolism in epidermal Langerhans cells mediates psoriasis-like dermatitis. JCI Insight 2022; 7:150223. [PMID: 35801590 PMCID: PMC9310522 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease, frequently associated with dyslipidemia. Lipid disturbance in psoriasis affects both circulatory system and cutaneous tissue. Epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) are tissue-resident DCs that maintain skin immune surveillance and mediate various cutaneous disorders, including psoriasis. However, the role of LCs in psoriasis development and their lipid metabolic alternation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that epidermal LCs of psoriasis patients enlarge with longer dendrites and possess elevated IL-23p19 mRNA and a higher level of neutral lipids when compared with normal LCs of healthy individuals. Accordantly, epidermal LCs from imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in mice display overmaturation, enhanced phagocytosis, and excessive secretion of IL-23. Remarkably, these altered immune properties in lesional LCs are tightly correlated with elevated neutral lipid levels. Moreover, the increased lipid content of psoriatic LCs might result from impaired autophagy of lipids. Bulk RNA-Seq analysis identifies dysregulated genes involved in lipid metabolism, autophagy, and immunofunctions in murine LCs. Overall, our data suggest that dysregulated lipid metabolism influences LC immunofunction, which contributes to the development of psoriasis, and therapeutic manipulation of this metabolic process might provide an effective measurement for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, and.,Institute of Psoriasis, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaorui Li
- Department of Dermatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, and.,Institute of Psoriasis, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youdong Chen
- Institute of Psoriasis, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyuan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, and.,Institute of Psoriasis, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengyang Yu
- Institute of Psoriasis, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Institute of Psoriasis, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangfeng Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, and.,Institute of Psoriasis, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, and.,Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Institute of Psoriasis, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuling Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, and.,Institute of Psoriasis, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Ge X, He Z, Cao C, Xue T, Jing J, Ma R, Zhao W, Liu L, Jueraitetibaike K, Ma J, Feng Y, Qian Z, Zou Z, Chen L, Fu C, Song N, Yao B. Protein palmitoylation-mediated palmitic acid sensing causes blood-testis barrier damage via inducing ER stress. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102380. [PMID: 35803125 PMCID: PMC9287734 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-testis barrier (BTB) damage promotes spermatogenesis dysfunction, which is a critical cause of male infertility. Dyslipidemia has been correlated with male infertility, but the major hazardous lipid and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we firstly discovered an elevation of palmitic acid (PA) and a decrease of inhibin B in patients with severe dyszoospermia, which leaded us to explore the effects of PA on Sertoli cells. We observed a damage of BTB by PA. PA penetration to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its damage to ER structures were exhibited by microimaging and dynamic observation, and consequent ER stress was proved to mediate PA-induced Sertoli cell barrier disruption. Remarkably, we demonstrated a critical role of aberrant protein palmitoylation in PA-induced Sertoli cell barrier dysfunction. An ER protein, Calnexin, was screened out and was demonstrated to participate in this process, and suppression of its palmitoylation showed an ameliorating effect. We also found that ω-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids down-regulated Calnexin palmitoylation, and alleviated BTB dysfunction. Our results indicate that dysregulated palmitoylation induced by PA plays a pivotal role in BTB disruption and subsequent spermatogenesis dysfunction, suggesting that protein palmitoylation might be therapeutically targetable in male infertility. An elevation of circulating PA was identified in patients with severe dyszoospermia. PA-induced over-palmitoylation in Sertoli cells leads to ER stress and BTB damage. The palmitoylation of the ER protein Calnexin regulates Sertoli cell barrier function. ω-3 PUFAs ameliorate PA-induced damage and over-palmitoylation in Sertoli cells.
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Chain flexibility of medicinal lipids determines their selective partitioning into lipid droplets. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3612. [PMID: 35750680 PMCID: PMC9232528 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31400-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In guiding lipid droplets (LDs) to serve as storage vessels that insulate high-value lipophilic compounds in cells, we demonstrate that chain flexibility of lipids determines their selective migration in intracellular LDs. Focusing on commercially important medicinal lipids with biogenetic similarity but structural dissimilarity, we computationally and experimentally validate that LD remodeling should be differentiated between overproduction of structurally flexible squalene and that of rigid zeaxanthin and β-carotene. In molecular dynamics simulations, worm-like flexible squalene is readily deformed to move through intertwined chains of triacylglycerols in the LD core, whereas rod-like rigid zeaxanthin is trapped on the LD surface due to a high free energy barrier in diffusion. By designing yeast cells with either much larger LDs or with a greater number of LDs, we observe that intracellular storage of squalene significantly increases with LD volume expansion, but that of zeaxanthin and β-carotene is enhanced through LD surface broadening; as visually evidenced, the outcomes represent internal penetration of squalene and surface localization of zeaxanthin and β-carotene. Our study shows the computational and experimental validation of selective lipid migration into a phase-separated organelle and reveals LD dynamics and functionalization. Lipid droplet (LD) is a highly dynamic organelle capable of regulating lipid metabolism, storage and transportation. Here, by combining molecular dynamics simulations and microbial LD engineering, the authors demonstrate that the structural flexibility of lipids is one of decisive factors in selective partitioning into LDs.
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38
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Sun Z, Shi S, Guan P, Liu B. Construction of heteroaryl-bridged NIR AIEgens for specific imaging of lipid droplets and its application in photodynamic therapy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 272:120946. [PMID: 35149481 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of subcellular organelle, lipid droplets (LDs) play a critical role in the body's normal metabolism. LDs have gained increasing attention as a fluorescent photodynamic target site. Near-infrared (NIR) organic light-emitting luminescent materials, with aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active feature, preeminent LD-imaging ability, and effective reactive oxygen species (ROS) production property, have been widely used for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in diagnostic therapeutics, but its application remains challenging. In the present work, three novel NIR organic compounds with AIE-active feature, namely, TPET-Is, TPET-Fu, and TPEF-Is, were developed and synthesized. These heteroaryl-bridged molecules possess a donor-donor-π-acceptor structure and strong intramolecular charge transfer character. These AIEgens are capable of high-fidelity LD imaging in living cells (Pearson's coefficient values: 0.94, 0.96, 0.97) due to their biocompatibility, good photostability, and strong lipophilicity (LogP values: 9.39, 7.89, 8.03), respectively. Moreover, they can be also applied in bright imaging the LDs of oil-rich plant tissues, such as those of sunflower seeds. The respective AIEgens TPET-Fu of these compounds can also produce ROS in the condition of white light to effectively kill live Hela cells. The present study thus provides a potential strategy through heteroaryl-bridged molecular engineering for LD-targeted imaging and PDT application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Institute of Carbon Materials Science, Shanxi DaTong University, DaTong, Shanxi Province 037009, China
| | - Shuman Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Pengli Guan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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39
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Chen J, Liu W, Fang X, Qiao Q, Xu Z. BODIPY 493 acts as a bright buffering fluorogenic probe for super-resolution imaging of lipid droplet dynamics. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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40
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Ueda K, Anderson-Baron MN, Haskins J, Hughes SC, Simmonds AJ. Recruitment of Peroxin14 to lipid droplets affects lipid storage in Drosophila. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275042. [PMID: 35274690 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both peroxisomes and lipid droplets regulate cellular lipid homeostasis. Direct inter-organellar contacts as well as novel roles for proteins associated with peroxisome or lipid droplets occur when cells are induced to liberate fatty acids from lipid droplets. We have shown a non-canonical role for as subset of peroxisome-assembly (Peroxin) proteins in this process. Transmembrane proteins Peroxin3, Peroxin13 and Peroxin14 surround newly formed lipid droplets. Trafficking of Peroxin14 to lipid droplets was enhanced by loss of Peroxin19, which directs insertion of transmembrane proteins like Peroxin14 into the peroxisome bilayer membrane. Accumulation of Peroxin14 around lipid droplets did not induce changes to peroxisome size or number, nor was co-recruitment of the remaining Peroxins needed to assemble peroxisomes observed. Increasing the relative level of Peroxin14 surrounding lipid droplets affected recruitment of Hsl lipase. Fat-body specific reduction of these lipid droplet-associated Peroxins causes a unique effect on larval fat body development and affected their survival on lipid-enriched or minimal diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Ueda
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta. Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Matthew N Anderson-Baron
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta. Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.,Future Fields, 11130 105 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB T5H 0L5, Canada
| | - Julie Haskins
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta. Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Sarah C Hughes
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta. Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta. Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Andrew J Simmonds
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta. Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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41
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Pressly JD, Gurumani MZ, Varona Santos JT, Fornoni A, Merscher S, Al-Ali H. Adaptive and maladaptive roles of lipid droplets in health and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C468-C481. [PMID: 35108119 PMCID: PMC8917915 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00239.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of lipid droplet biology have revealed essential roles for these organelles in mediating proper cellular homeostasis and stress response. Lipid droplets were initially thought to play a passive role in energy storage. However, recent studies demonstrate that they have substantially broader functions, including protection from reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and lipotoxicity. Dysregulation of lipid droplet homeostasis is associated with various pathologies spanning neurological, metabolic, cardiovascular, oncological, and renal diseases. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of lipid droplet biology in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Pressly
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Margaret Z. Gurumani
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Javier T. Varona Santos
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sandra Merscher
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Hassan Al-Ali
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,3Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,4The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,5Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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42
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Abstract
Lipophagy is a central cellular process for providing the cell with a readily utilized, high energy source of neutral lipids. Since its discovery over a decade ago, we are just starting to understand the molecular components that drive lipophagy, how it is activated in response to nutrient availability, and its potential as a therapeutic target in disease. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we first provide a brief overview of the different structural and enzymatic proteins that comprise the lipid droplet (LD) proteome and reside within the limiting phospholipid monolayer of this complex organelle. We then highlight key players in the catabolic breakdown of LDs during the functionally linked lipolysis and lipophagy processes. Finally, we discuss what is currently known about macro- and micro-lipophagy based on findings in yeast, mammalian and other model systems, and how impairment of these important functions can lead to disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah B Schott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Cody N Rozeveld
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shaun G Weller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Center for Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mark A McNiven
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Center for Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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43
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Fader Kaiser CM, Romano PS, Vanrell MC, Pocognoni CA, Jacob J, Caruso B, Delgui LR. Biogenesis and Breakdown of Lipid Droplets in Pathological Conditions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:826248. [PMID: 35198567 PMCID: PMC8860030 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.826248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) have long been considered as mere fat drops; however, LD have lately been revealed to be ubiquitous, dynamic and to be present in diverse organelles in which they have a wide range of key functions. Although incompletely understood, the biogenesis of eukaryotic LD initiates with the synthesis of neutral lipids (NL) by enzymes located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The accumulation of NL leads to their segregation into nanometric nuclei which then grow into lenses between the ER leaflets as they are further filled with NL. The lipid composition and interfacial tensions of both ER and the lenses modulate their shape which, together with specific ER proteins, determine the proneness of LD to bud from the ER toward the cytoplasm. The most important function of LD is the buffering of energy. But far beyond this, LD are actively integrated into physiological processes, such as lipid metabolism, control of protein homeostasis, sequestration of toxic lipid metabolic intermediates, protection from stress, and proliferation of tumours. Besides, LD may serve as platforms for pathogen replication and defense. To accomplish these functions, from biogenesis to breakdown, eukaryotic LD have developed mechanisms to travel within the cytoplasm and to establish contact with other organelles. When nutrient deprivation occurs, LD undergo breakdown (lipolysis), which begins with the LD-associated members of the perilipins family PLIN2 and PLIN3 chaperone-mediated autophagy degradation (CMA), a specific type of autophagy that selectively degrades a subset of cytosolic proteins in lysosomes. Indeed, PLINs CMA degradation is a prerequisite for further true lipolysis, which occurs via cytosolic lipases or by lysosome luminal lipases when autophagosomes engulf portions of LD and target them to lysosomes. LD play a crucial role in several pathophysiological processes. Increased accumulation of LD in non-adipose cells is commonly observed in numerous infectious diseases caused by intracellular pathogens including viral, bacterial, and parasite infections, and is gradually recognized as a prominent characteristic in a variety of cancers. This review discusses current evidence related to the modulation of LD biogenesis and breakdown caused by intracellular pathogens and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio M Fader Kaiser
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Patricia S Romano
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - M Cristina Vanrell
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Cristian A Pocognoni
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Julieta Jacob
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Benjamín Caruso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biologicas y Tecnologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Laura R Delgui
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
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Xu T, Yang M, Jian Z, Pan H, Jia J, Zhao S. Cloning of FITM2 gene and investigating its expression levels in Banna miniature inbred pig ( Sus scrofa) tissues. Anim Biotechnol 2022:1-7. [PMID: 35189068 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2041024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 2 (FITM2) plays an important role in regulating lipid storage and could be regarded as a candidate gene for intramuscular fat deposition in pigs. The aim of this study was to clone the coding domain sequence (CDS) of FITM2 gene, to compare the nucleotide acid and deduced amino acid sequences between breeds and species, to analyze the structure and characteristics of protein and to detect the expression profile of gene. The results exhibited that the CDS of FITM2 gene was 789 bp in length. The mutation of nucleotide acids led to the mutation of deduced amino acids between Banna miniature inbred pigs and other two breeds (Yorkshire × Landrace pigs and Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) pigs). It was indicated that high identities of nucleotide acid and deduced amino acid sequences between Banna miniature inbred pigs and other species. The deduced amino acids were composed of loops and alpha helices in the structure. FITM2 protein may be a 30 kDa hydrophobic protein with 26 phosphorylation sites and one potential N-glycosylated site. FITM2 gene was widely expressed in various tissues, and the highest expression level was in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taojie Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Minghua Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zonghui Jian
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongbin Pan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Junjing Jia
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Sumei Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Lipid Droplet-a New Target in Ischemic Heart Disease. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:730-739. [PMID: 34984637 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-021-10204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplet (LD) is a kind of subcellular organelle, which originates from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). LDs can move flexibly between other organelles and store energy in the cells. In recent years, LDs and lipid droplet-associated proteins have attracted added attention at home and abroad, especially in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases, especially ischemic heart disease (IHD), have always been the focus of attention because of their high morbidity and mortality. Atherosclerosis and myocardial remodeling are two important pathologic processes of IHD, and LDs and other organelles are involved in the development of the disease. The interaction between LDs and ER is involved in the formation of foam cells in atherosclerosis. And LDs, mitochondria, and lysosomes also affect the remodeling of cardiomyocytes by affecting ROS production and regulating PI3K/AKT pathways. In this article, we will review the role of LDs in IHD.
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Chorlay A, Forêt L, Thiam AR. Origin of gradients in lipid density and surface tension between connected lipid droplet and bilayer. Biophys J 2021; 120:5491-5503. [PMID: 34808099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We combined theory and experiments to depict physical parameters modulating the phospholipid (PL) density and tension equilibrium between a bilayer and an oil droplet in contiguity. This situation is encountered during a neutral lipid (NL) droplet formation in the endoplasmic reticulum. We set up macroscopic and microscopic models to uncover free parameters and the origin of molecular interactions controlling the PL densities of the droplet monolayer and the bilayer. The established physical laws and predictions agreed with experiments performed with droplet-embedded vesicles. We found that the droplet monolayer is always by a few percent (∼10%) less packed with PLs than the bilayer. Such a density gradient arises from PL-NL interactions on the droplet, which are lower than PL-PL trans interactions in the bilayer, i.e., interactions between PLs belonging to different leaflets of the bilayer. Finally, despite the pseudo-surface tension for the water/PL acyl chains in the bilayer being higher than the water/NL surface tension, the droplet monolayer always has a higher surface tension than the bilayer because of its lower PL density. Thus, a PL density gradient is mandatory to maintain the mechanical and thermodynamic equilibrium of the droplet-bilayer continuity. Our study sheds light on the origin of the molecular interactions responsible for the unique surface properties of lipid droplets compared with cellular bilayer membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Chorlay
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Forêt
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Abdou Rachid Thiam
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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Vial T, Marti G, Missé D, Pompon J. Lipid Interactions Between Flaviviruses and Mosquito Vectors. Front Physiol 2021; 12:763195. [PMID: 34899388 PMCID: PMC8660100 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.763195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne flaviviruses, such as dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), yellow fever (YFV), West Nile (WNV), and Japanese encephalitis (JEV) viruses, threaten a large part of the human populations. In absence of therapeutics and effective vaccines against each flaviviruses, targeting viral metabolic requirements in mosquitoes may hold the key to new intervention strategies. Development of metabolomics in the last decade opened a new field of research: mosquito metabolomics. It is now clear that flaviviruses rely on mosquito lipids, especially phospholipids, for their cellular cycle and propagation. Here, we review the biosyntheses of, biochemical properties of and flaviviral interactions with mosquito phospholipids. Phospholipids are structural lipids with a polar headgroup and apolar acyl chains, enabling the formation of lipid bilayer that form plasma- and endomembranes. Phospholipids are mostly synthesized through the de novo pathway and remodeling cycle. Variations in headgroup and acyl chains influence phospholipid physicochemical properties and consequently the membrane behavior. Flaviviruses interact with cellular membranes at every step of their cellular cycle. Recent evidence demonstrates that flaviviruses reconfigure the phospholipidome in mosquitoes by regulating phospholipid syntheses to increase virus multiplication. Identifying the phospholipids involved and understanding how flaviviruses regulate these in mosquitoes is required to design new interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vial
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,UMR 152 PHARMADEV-IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Marti
- LRSV (UMR 5546), CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Dorothée Missé
- MIVEGEC, Université Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Pompon
- MIVEGEC, Université Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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Lipid Droplets, Phospholipase A 2, Arachidonic Acid, and Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121891. [PMID: 34944707 PMCID: PMC8699036 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets, classically regarded as static storage organelles, are currently considered as dynamic structures involved in key processes of lipid metabolism, cellular homeostasis and signaling. Studies on the inflammatory state of atherosclerotic plaques suggest that circulating monocytes interact with products released by endothelial cells and may acquire a foamy phenotype before crossing the endothelial barrier and differentiating into macrophages. One such compound released in significant amounts into the bloodstream is arachidonic acid, the common precursor of eicosanoids, and a potent inducer of neutral lipid synthesis and lipid droplet formation in circulating monocytes. Members of the family of phospholipase A2, which hydrolyze the fatty acid present at the sn-2 position of phospholipids, have recently emerged as key controllers of lipid droplet homeostasis, regulating their formation and the availability of fatty acids for lipid mediator production. In this paper we discuss recent findings related to lipid droplet dynamics in immune cells and the ways these organelles are involved in regulating arachidonic acid availability and metabolism in the context of atherosclerosis.
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Girard V, Jollivet F, Knittelfelder O, Celle M, Arsac JN, Chatelain G, Van den Brink DM, Baron T, Shevchenko A, Kühnlein RP, Davoust N, Mollereau B. Abnormal accumulation of lipid droplets in neurons induces the conversion of alpha-Synuclein to proteolytic resistant forms in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009921. [PMID: 34788284 PMCID: PMC8635402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by alpha-synuclein (αSyn) aggregation and associated with abnormalities in lipid metabolism. The accumulation of lipids in cytoplasmic organelles called lipid droplets (LDs) was observed in cellular models of PD. To investigate the pathophysiological consequences of interactions between αSyn and proteins that regulate the homeostasis of LDs, we used a transgenic Drosophila model of PD, in which human αSyn is specifically expressed in photoreceptor neurons. We first found that overexpression of the LD-coating proteins Perilipin 1 or 2 (dPlin1/2), which limit the access of lipases to LDs, markedly increased triacylglyclerol (TG) loaded LDs in neurons. However, dPlin-induced-LDs in neurons are independent of lipid anabolic (diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1/midway, fatty acid transport protein/dFatp) and catabolic (brummer TG lipase) enzymes, indicating that alternative mechanisms regulate neuronal LD homeostasis. Interestingly, the accumulation of LDs induced by various LD proteins (dPlin1, dPlin2, CG7900 or KlarsichtLD-BD) was synergistically amplified by the co-expression of αSyn, which localized to LDs in both Drosophila photoreceptor neurons and in human neuroblastoma cells. Finally, the accumulation of LDs increased the resistance of αSyn to proteolytic digestion, a characteristic of αSyn aggregation in human neurons. We propose that αSyn cooperates with LD proteins to inhibit lipolysis and that binding of αSyn to LDs contributes to the pathogenic misfolding and aggregation of αSyn in neurons. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the neurotoxic aggregation of the alpha-synuclein (αSyn) protein. Cellular models of the disease are also associated with an abnormal fat storage in the form of lipid droplets (LDs). However, in which cells, neuron or glial cells, LDs accumulate in the organism remains unknown. To understand the relationship between αSyn and the accumulation of LDs, we used a Drosophila (fruit fly) model of PD. We found that, in the presence of a protein that coats LDs, perilipin, LDs accumulate in photoreceptor neurons of the fly. Interestingly, the accumulation of LDs induced by perilipin or other LD-coating proteins was enhanced in the presence of αSyn. Using human neuronal cell lines and the fly, we could show that LD-coating and αSyn proteins localize at the surface of LDs. Finally, we observed that the process of αSyn aggregation was enhanced in the presence of LDs by using a biochemical approach. We thus propose that the association of αSyn with LDs could contribute to αSyn aggregation and progression of the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Girard
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, UMR5239 CNRS/ENS de Lyon, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Florence Jollivet
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, UMR5239 CNRS/ENS de Lyon, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Oskar Knittelfelder
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marion Celle
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, UMR5239 CNRS/ENS de Lyon, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Noel Arsac
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit; French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety Laboratory (Anses) of Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Chatelain
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, UMR5239 CNRS/ENS de Lyon, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Daan M. Van den Brink
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, UMR5239 CNRS/ENS de Lyon, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Plant Systems Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thierry Baron
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit; French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety Laboratory (Anses) of Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ronald P. Kühnlein
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth—University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nathalie Davoust
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, UMR5239 CNRS/ENS de Lyon, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- * E-mail: (ND); (BM)
| | - Bertrand Mollereau
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, UMR5239 CNRS/ENS de Lyon, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- * E-mail: (ND); (BM)
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Lipid droplets are beneficial for rabies virus replication by facilitating viral budding. J Virol 2021; 96:e0147321. [PMID: 34757839 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01473-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies is an old zoonotic disease caused by rabies virus (RABV), but the pathogenic mechanism of RABV is still not completely understood. Lipid droplets have been reported to play a role in pathogenesis of several viruses. However, its role on RABV infection remains unclear. Here, we initially found that RABV infection upregulated lipid droplet (LD) production in multiple cells and mouse brains. After the treatment of atorvastatin, a specific inhibitor of LD, RABV replication in N2a cells decreased. Then we found that RABV infection could upregulate N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1), which in turn enhance the expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1/2 (DGAT1/2). DGAT1/2 could elevate cellular triglycerides synthesis and ultimately promote intracellular LD formation. Furthermore, we found that RABV-M and RABV-G, which were mainly involved in the viral budding process, could colocalize with LDs, indicating that RABV might utilize LDs as a carrier to facilitate viral budding and eventually increase virus production. Taken together, our study reveals that lipid droplets are beneficial for RABV replication and their biogenesis is regulated via NDRG1-DGAT1/2 pathway, which provides novel potential targets for developing anti-RABV drugs. IMPORTANCE Lipid droplets have been proven to play an important role in viral infections, but its role in RABV infection has not yet been elaborated. Here, we find that RABV infection upregulates the generation of LDs by enhancing the expression of N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1). Then NDRG1 elevated cellular triglycerides synthesis by increasing the activity of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1/2 (DGAT1/2), which promotes the biogenesis of LDs. RABV-M and RABV-G, which are the major proteins involved in viral budding, could utilize LDs as a carrier and transport to cell membrane, resulting in enhanced virus budding. Our findings will extend the knowledge of lipid metabolism in RABV infection and help to explore potential therapeutic targets for RABV.
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