1
|
Nanes BA, Bhatt K, Azarova E, Rajendran D, Munawar S, Isogai T, Dean KM, Danuser G. Shifts in keratin isoform expression activate motility signals during wound healing. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00389-7. [PMID: 39002537 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filaments confer structural stability to epithelial tissues, but the reason this simple mechanical function requires a protein family with 54 isoforms is not understood. During skin wound healing, a shift in keratin isoform expression alters the composition of keratin filaments. If and how this change modulates cellular functions that support epidermal remodeling remains unclear. We report an unexpected effect of keratin isoform variation on kinase signal transduction. Increased expression of wound-associated keratin 6A, but not of steady-state keratin 5, potentiated keratinocyte migration and wound closure without compromising mechanical stability by activating myosin motors to increase contractile force generation. These results substantially expand the functional repertoire of intermediate filaments from their canonical role as mechanical scaffolds to include roles as isoform-tuned signaling scaffolds that organize signal transduction cascades in space and time to influence epithelial cell state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Nanes
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Kushal Bhatt
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Evgenia Azarova
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Divya Rajendran
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sabahat Munawar
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tadamoto Isogai
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kevin M Dean
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics and Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Systems Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Renganathan B, Moore A, Yeo WH, Petruncio A, Ackerman D, Wiegel A, Pasolli HA, Xu CS, Shtengel G, Hess HF, Serpinskaya AS, Zhang HF, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Gelfand VI. Transport and Organization of Individual Vimentin Filaments Within Dense Networks Revealed by Single Particle Tracking and 3D FIB-SEM. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.10.598346. [PMID: 38915582 PMCID: PMC11195130 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.10.598346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Single-particle tracking demonstrates that individual filaments in bundles of vimentin intermediate filaments are transported in the cytoplasm by motor proteins along microtubules. Furthermore, using 3D FIB-SEM the authors showed that vimentin filament bundles are loosely packed and coaligned with microtubules. Vimentin intermediate filaments (VIFs) form complex, tight-packed networks; due to this density, traditional ensemble labeling and imaging approaches cannot accurately discern single filament behavior. To address this, we introduce a sparse vimentin-SunTag labeling strategy to unambiguously visualize individual filament dynamics. This technique confirmed known long-range dynein and kinesin transport of peripheral VIFs and uncovered extensive bidirectional VIF motion within the perinuclear vimentin network, a region we had thought too densely bundled to permit such motility. To examine the nanoscale organization of perinuclear vimentin, we acquired high-resolution electron microscopy volumes of a vitreously frozen cell and reconstructed VIFs and microtubules within a ~50 μm3 window. Of 583 VIFs identified, most were integrated into long, semi-coherent bundles that fluctuated in width and filament packing density. Unexpectedly, VIFs displayed minimal local co-alignment with microtubules, save for sporadic cross-over sites that we predict facilitate cytoskeletal crosstalk. Overall, this work demonstrates single VIF dynamics and organization in the cellular milieu for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvanasundar Renganathan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrew Moore
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Wei-Hong Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Alyson Petruncio
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - David Ackerman
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Aubrey Wiegel
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - The CellMap Team
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - H. Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - C. Shan Xu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gleb Shtengel
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Harald F. Hess
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Anna S Serpinskaya
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hao F. Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | | | - Vladimir I. Gelfand
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lai X, Wang M, Zhang Z, Chen S, Tan X, Liu W, Liang H, Li L, Shao L. ZNPs reduce epidermal mechanical strain resistance by promoting desmosomal cadherin endocytosis via mTORC1-TFEB-BLOC1S3 axis. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:312. [PMID: 38840221 PMCID: PMC11151536 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) are widely used in sunscreens and nanomedicines, and it was recently confirmed that ZNPs can penetrate stratum corneum into deep epidermis. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the impact of ZNPs on epidermis. In this study, ZNPs were applied to mouse skin at a relatively low concentration for one week. As a result, desmosomes in epidermal tissues were depolymerized, epidermal mechanical strain resistance was reduced, and the levels of desmosomal cadherins were decreased in cell membrane lysates and increased in cytoplasmic lysates. This finding suggested that ZNPs promote desmosomal cadherin endocytosis, which causes desmosome depolymerization. In further studies, ZNPs were proved to decrease mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity, activate transcription factor EB (TFEB), upregulate biogenesis of lysosome-related organelle complex 1 subunit 3 (BLOC1S3) and consequently promote desmosomal cadherin endocytosis. In addition, the key role of mTORC1 in ZNP-induced decrease in mechanical strain resistance was determined both in vitro and in vivo. It can be concluded that ZNPs reduce epidermal mechanical strain resistance by promoting desmosomal cadherin endocytosis via the mTORC1-TFEB-BLOC1S3 axis. This study helps elucidate the biological effects of ZNPs and suggests that ZNPs increase the risk of epidermal fragmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Lai
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Menglei Wang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Suya Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua school of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiner Tan
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Huimin Liang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li Li
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu W, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Gu H, Lu M, Xia Y. Rh family C glycoprotein contributes to psoriatic inflammation through regulating the dysdifferentiation and cytokine secretion of keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 114:2-12. [PMID: 38514279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keratinocyte dysdifferentiation and proinflammatory cytokine production play a central role in psoriatic inflammation. According to recent studies, the Rh family C glycoprotein (RHCG) enhances cell proliferation and disrupts cell differentiation. However, the specific role of RHCG psoriasis development remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We here explored the effect of RHCG on keratinocytes under psoriatic inflammation. METHODS The cell counting kit‑8 assay was conducted to assess proliferation. RHCG protein expression was assessed through western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines and differentiation markers was analyzed through a quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Both RHCG mRNA and protein levels increased in psoriatic skin. Notably, cultured keratinocytes treated with an M5 cocktail, which mimics psoriatic inflammation, exhibited higher RHCG expression. Furthermore, RHCG overexpression promoted keratinocyte proliferation, accompanied by an increase in the production of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α. RHCG overexpression also resulted in higher expression of keratin 17, a differentiation marker. Conversely, RHCG gene knockdown reduced keratinocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion. RHCG inhibition in cells recovered both keratin 1 and loricrin expression. Additionally, RHCG overexpression facilitated the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase signaling pathways. Importantly, when these signaling pathways were inhibited, the effect of RHCG on keratinocytes was attenuated. CONCLUSION These findings support the substantial role of RHCG in psoriatic inflammation development and suggest that RHCG serves as a potential target for psoriasis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yitian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hanjiang Gu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yumin Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pradeau-Phélut L, Etienne-Manneville S. Cytoskeletal crosstalk: A focus on intermediate filaments. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 87:102325. [PMID: 38359728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton, comprising actin microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments, is crucial for cell motility and tissue integrity. While prior studies largely focused on individual cytoskeletal networks, recent research underscores the interconnected nature of these systems in fundamental cellular functions like adhesion, migration, and division. Understanding the coordination of these distinct networks in both time and space is essential. This review synthesizes current findings on the intricate interplay between these networks, emphasizing the pivotal role of intermediate filaments. Notably, these filaments engage in extensive crosstalk with microfilaments and microtubules through direct molecular interactions, cytoskeletal linkers, and molecular motors that form molecular bridges, as well as via more complex regulation of intracellular signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Pradeau-Phélut
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur - CNRS UMR 3691, Université Paris-Cité, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2023, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75015, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur - CNRS UMR 3691, Université Paris-Cité, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2023, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75015, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
de Reus AJEM, Basak O, Dykstra W, van Asperen JV, van Bodegraven EJ, Hol EM. GFAP-isoforms in the nervous system: Understanding the need for diversity. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 87:102340. [PMID: 38401182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament (IF) protein expressed in specific types of glial cells in the nervous system. The expression of GFAP is highly regulated during brain development and in neurological diseases. The presence of distinct GFAP-isoforms in various cell types, developmental stages, and diseases indicates that GFAP (post-)transcriptional regulation has a role in glial cell physiology and pathology. GFAP-isoforms differ in sub-cellular localisation, IF-network assembly properties, and IF-dynamics which results in distinct molecular interactions and mechanical properties of the IF-network. Therefore, GFAP (post-)transcriptional regulation is likely a mechanism by which radial glia, astrocytes, and glioma cells can modulate cellular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J E M de Reus
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Onur Basak
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Werner Dykstra
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jessy V van Asperen
- Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Unité Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, Unversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Lyon, France
| | - Emma J van Bodegraven
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Toivola DM, Polari L, Schwerd T, Schlegel N, Strnad P. The keratin-desmosome scaffold of internal epithelia in health and disease - The plot is thickening. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102282. [PMID: 38000362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Keratin (K) intermediate filaments are attached to desmosomes and constitute the orchestrators of epithelial cell and tissue architecture. While their relevance in the epidermis is well recognized, our review focuses on their emerging importance in internal epithelia. The significance of keratin-desmosome scaffolds (KDSs) in the intestine is highlighted by transgenic mouse models and individuals with inflammatory bowel disease who display profound KDS alterations. In lung, high K8 expression defines a transitional cell subset during regeneration, and K8 variants are associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Inherited variants in desmosomal proteins are overrepresented in idiopathic lung fibrosis, and familiar eosinophilic esophagitis. K18 serum fragments are established hepatocellular injury markers that correlate with the extent of histological inflammation. K17 expression is modified in multiple tumors, and K17 levels might be of prognostic relevance. These data should spur further studies on biological roles of these versatile tissue protectors and efforts on their therapeutic targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Toivola
- Cell Biology, Biosciences and InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Lauri Polari
- Cell Biology, Biosciences and InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Tobias Schwerd
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schlegel
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Coulombe PA, Pineda CM, Jacob JT, Nair RR. Nuclear roles for non-lamin intermediate filament proteins. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102303. [PMID: 38113712 PMCID: PMC11056187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear-localized lamins have long been thought to be the only intermediate filaments (IFs) with an impact on the architecture, properties, and functions of the nucleus. Recent studies, however, uncovered significant roles for IFs other than lamins (here referred to as "non-lamin IFs") in regulating key properties of the nucleus in various cell types and biological settings. In the cytoplasm, IFs often occur in the perinuclear space where they contribute to local stiffness and impact the shape and/or the integrity of the nucleus, particularly in cells under stress. In addition, selective non-lamin IF proteins can occur inside the nucleus where they partake in fundamental processes including nuclear architecture and chromatin organization, regulation of gene expression, cell cycle progression, and the repair of DNA damage. This text reviews the evidence supporting a role for non-lamin IF proteins in regulating various properties of the nucleus and highlights opportunities for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre A Coulombe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Christopher M Pineda
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Justin T Jacob
- Public Health Laboratory Division, District of Columbia Department of Forensic Sciences, Washington, DC 20024, USA
| | - Raji R Nair
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Parvanian S, Coelho-Rato LS, Patteson AE, Eriksson JE. Vimentin takes a hike - Emerging roles of extracellular vimentin in cancer and wound healing. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102246. [PMID: 37783033 PMCID: PMC11214764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Vimentin is a cytoskeletal protein important for many cellular processes, including proliferation, migration, invasion, stress resistance, signaling, and many more. The vimentin-deficient mouse has revealed many of these functions as it has numerous severe phenotypes, many of which are found only following a suitable challenge or stress. While these functions are usually related to vimentin as a major intracellular protein, vimentin is also emerging as an extracellular protein, exposed at the cell surface in an oligomeric form or secreted to the extracellular environment in soluble and vesicle-bound forms. Thus, this review explores the roles of the extracellular pool of vimentin (eVIM), identified in both normal and pathological states. It focuses specifically on the recent advances regarding the role of eVIM in wound healing and cancer. Finally, it discusses new technologies and future perspectives for the clinical application of eVIM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Parvanian
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Leila S Coelho-Rato
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Alison E Patteson
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - John E Eriksson
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; Euro-Bioimaging ERIC, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schwarz N, Leube RE. Plasticity of cytoplasmic intermediate filament architecture determines cellular functions. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102270. [PMID: 37918274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic intermediate filaments endow cells with mechanical stability. They are subject to changes in morphology and composition if needed. This remodeling encompasses entire cells but can also be restricted to specific intracellular regions. Intermediate filaments thereby support spatially and temporally defined cell type-specific functions. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of how intermediate filament dynamics affect the underlying regulatory pathways. We will elaborate on the role of intermediate filaments for the formation and maintenance of surface specializations, cell migration, contractility, organelle positioning, nucleus protection, stress responses and axonal conduction velocity. Together, the selected examples highlight the modulatory role of intermediate filament plasticity for multiple cellular functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schwarz
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li P, Rietscher K, Jopp H, Magin TM, Omary MB. Posttranslational modifications of keratins and their associated proteins as therapeutic targets in keratin diseases. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102264. [PMID: 37925932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The keratin cytoskeleton protects epithelia against mechanical, nonmechanical, and physical stresses, and participates in multiple signaling pathways that regulate cell integrity and resilience. Keratin gene mutations cause multiple rare monoallelic epithelial diseases termed keratinopathies, including the skin diseases Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex (EBS) and Pachyonychia Congenita (PC), with limited available therapies. The disease-related keratin mutations trigger posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in keratins and their associated proteins that can aggravate the disease. Recent findings of drug high-throughput screening have led to the identification of compounds that may be repurposed, since they are used for other human diseases, to treat keratinopathies. These drugs target unique PTM pathways and sites, including phosphorylation and acetylation of keratins and their associated proteins, and have shed insights into keratin regulation and interactions. They also offer the prospect of testing the use of drug mixtures, with the long view of possible beneficial human use coupled with increased efficacy and lower side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Katrin Rietscher
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henriette Jopp
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Di Russo J, Magin TM, Leube RE. A keratin code defines the textile nature of epithelial tissue architecture. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102236. [PMID: 37708744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We suggest that the human body can be viewed as of textile nature whose fabric consists of interconnected fiber systems. These fiber systems form highly dynamic scaffolds, which respond to environmental changes at different temporal and spatial scales. This is especially relevant at sites where epithelia border on connective tissue regions that are exposed to dynamic microenvironments. We propose that the enormous heterogeneity and adaptability of epithelia are based on a "keratin code", which results from the cell-specific expression and posttranslational modification of keratin isotypes. It thereby defines unique cytoskeletal intermediate filament networks that are coupled across cells and to the correspondingly heterogeneous fibers of the underlying extracellular matrix. The resulting fabric confers unique local properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Di Russo
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Grego-Bessa J, Gómez-Apiñaniz P, Prados B, Gómez MJ, MacGrogan D, de la Pompa JL. Nrg1 Regulates Cardiomyocyte Migration and Cell Cycle in Ventricular Development. Circ Res 2023; 133:927-943. [PMID: 37846569 PMCID: PMC10631509 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac ventricles provide the contractile force of the beating heart throughout life. How the primitive endocardium-layered myocardial projections called trabeculae form and mature into the adult ventricles is of great interest for biology and regenerative medicine. Trabeculation is dependent on the signaling protein Nrg1 (neuregulin-1). However, the mechanism of action of Nrg1 and its role in ventricular wall maturation are poorly understood. METHODS We investigated the functions and downstream mechanisms of Nrg1 signaling during ventricular chamber development using confocal imaging, transcriptomics, and biochemical approaches in mice with cardiac-specific inactivation or overexpression of Nrg1. RESULTS Analysis of cardiac-specific Nrg1 mutant mice showed that the transcriptional program underlying cardiomyocyte-oriented cell division and trabeculae formation depends on endocardial Nrg1 to myocardial ErbB2 (erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2) signaling and phospho-Erk (phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase; pErk) activation. Early endothelial loss of Nrg1 and reduced pErk activation diminished cardiomyocyte Pard3 and Crumbs2 (Crumbs Cell Polarity Complex Component 2) protein and altered cytoskeletal gene expression and organization. These alterations are associated with abnormal gene expression related to mitotic spindle organization and a shift in cardiomyocyte division orientation. Nrg1 is crucial for trabecular growth and ventricular wall thickening by regulating an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-like process in cardiomyocytes involving migration, adhesion, cytoskeletal actin turnover, and timely progression through the cell cycle G2/M phase. Ectopic cardiac Nrg1 overexpression and high pErk signaling caused S-phase arrest, sustained high epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-like gene expression, and prolonged trabeculation, blocking compact myocardium maturation. Myocardial trabecular patterning alterations resulting from above- or below-normal Nrg1-dependent pErk activation were concomitant with sarcomere actin cytoskeleton disorganization. The Nrg1 loss- and gain-of-function transcriptomes were enriched for Yap1 (yes-associated protein-1) gene signatures, identifying Yap1 as a potential downstream effector. Furthermore, biochemical and imaging data reveal that Nrg1 influences pErk activation and Yap1 nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution during trabeculation. CONCLUSIONS These data establish the Nrg1-ErbB2/ErbB4-Erk axis as a crucial regulator of cardiomyocyte cell cycle progression and migration during ventricular development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Grego-Bessa
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (J.G.-B., P.G.-A., B.P., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.G.-B., P.G.-A., B.P., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - Paula Gómez-Apiñaniz
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (J.G.-B., P.G.-A., B.P., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.G.-B., P.G.-A., B.P., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - Belén Prados
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (J.G.-B., P.G.-A., B.P., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.G.-B., P.G.-A., B.P., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | | | - Donal MacGrogan
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (J.G.-B., P.G.-A., B.P., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.G.-B., P.G.-A., B.P., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (J.G.-B., P.G.-A., B.P., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (J.G.-B., P.G.-A., B.P., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kechagia Z, Sáez P, Gómez-González M, Canales B, Viswanadha S, Zamarbide M, Andreu I, Koorman T, Beedle AEM, Elosegui-Artola A, Derksen PWB, Trepat X, Arroyo M, Roca-Cusachs P. The laminin-keratin link shields the nucleus from mechanical deformation and signalling. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:1409-1420. [PMID: 37709930 PMCID: PMC10627833 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01657-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix dictate tissue behaviour. In epithelial tissues, laminin is a very abundant extracellular matrix component and a key supporting element. Here we show that laminin hinders the mechanoresponses of breast epithelial cells by shielding the nucleus from mechanical deformation. Coating substrates with laminin-111-unlike fibronectin or collagen I-impairs cell response to substrate rigidity and YAP nuclear localization. Blocking the laminin-specific integrin β4 increases nuclear YAP ratios in a rigidity-dependent manner without affecting the cell forces or focal adhesions. By combining mechanical perturbations and mathematical modelling, we show that β4 integrins establish a mechanical linkage between the substrate and keratin cytoskeleton, which stiffens the network and shields the nucleus from actomyosin-mediated mechanical deformation. In turn, this affects the nuclear YAP mechanoresponses, chromatin methylation and cell invasion in three dimensions. Our results demonstrate a mechanism by which tissues can regulate their sensitivity to mechanical signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zanetta Kechagia
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pablo Sáez
- Laboratori de Càlcul Numèric (LàCaN), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Matemátiques de la UPC-BarcelonaTech (IMTech), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez-González
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brenda Canales
- Cell and Tissue Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Srivatsava Viswanadha
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ion Andreu
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Thijs Koorman
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amy E M Beedle
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alberto Elosegui-Artola
- Cell and Tissue Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick W B Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marino Arroyo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori de Càlcul Numèric (LàCaN), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Matemátiques de la UPC-BarcelonaTech (IMTech), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en Enginyeria (CIMNE), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Krüger J, Fischer A, Breunig M, Allgöwer C, Schulte L, Merkle J, Mulaw MA, Okeke N, Melzer MK, Morgenstern C, Azoitei N, Seufferlein T, Barth TF, Siebert R, Hohwieler M, Kleger A. DNA methylation-associated allelic inactivation regulates Keratin 19 gene expression during pancreatic development and carcinogenesis. J Pathol 2023; 261:139-155. [PMID: 37555362 DOI: 10.1002/path.6156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Within the pancreas, Keratin 19 (KRT19) labels the ductal lineage and is a determinant of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). To investigate KRT19 expression dynamics, we developed a human pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based KRT19-mCherry reporter system in different genetic backgrounds to monitor KRT19 expression from its endogenous gene locus. A differentiation protocol to generate mature pancreatic duct-like organoids was applied. While KRT19/mCherry expression became evident at the early endoderm stage, mCherry signal was present in nearly all cells at the pancreatic endoderm (PE) and pancreatic progenitor (PP) stages. Interestingly, despite homogenous KRT19 expression, mCherry positivity dropped to 50% after ductal maturation, indicating a permanent switch from biallelic to monoallelic expression. DNA methylation profiling separated the distinct differentiation intermediates, with site-specific DNA methylation patterns occurring at the KRT19 locus during ductal maturation. Accordingly, the monoallelic switch was partially reverted upon treatment with a DNA-methyltransferase inhibitor. In human PDAC cohorts, high KRT19 levels correlate with low locus methylation and decreased survival. At the same time, activation of oncogenic KRASG12D signalling in our reporter system reversed monoallelic back to biallelic KRT19 expression in pancreatic duct-like organoids. Allelic reactivation was also detected in single-cell transcriptomes of human PDACs, which further revealed a positive correlation between KRT19 and KRAS expression. Accordingly, KRAS mutant PDACs had higher KRT19 mRNA but lower KRT19 gene locus DNA methylation than wildtype counterparts. KRT19 protein was additionally detected in plasma of PDAC patients, with higher concentrations correlating with shorter progression-free survival in gemcitabine/nabPaclitaxel-treated and opposing trends in FOLFIRINOX-treated patients. Apart from being an important pancreatic ductal lineage marker, KRT19 appears tightly controlled via a switch from biallelic to monoallelic expression during ductal lineage entry and is aberrantly expressed after oncogenic KRASG12D expression, indicating a role in PDAC development and malignancy. Soluble KRT19 might serve as a relevant biomarker to stratify treatment. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krüger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Fischer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Breunig
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Chantal Allgöwer
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lucas Schulte
- Division of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Medhanie A Mulaw
- Unit for Single-cell Genomics, Medical Faculty, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nnamdi Okeke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael K Melzer
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Clara Morgenstern
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Fe Barth
- Department of Pathology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meike Hohwieler
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Division of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Organoid Core Facility, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li M, Peng D, Cao H, Yang X, Li S, Qiu HJ, Li LF. The Host Cytoskeleton Functions as a Pleiotropic Scaffold: Orchestrating Regulation of the Viral Life Cycle and Mediating Host Antiviral Innate Immune Responses. Viruses 2023; 15:1354. [PMID: 37376653 DOI: 10.3390/v15061354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that critically depend on their hosts to initiate infection, complete replication cycles, and generate new progeny virions. To achieve these goals, viruses have evolved numerous elegant strategies to subvert and utilize different cellular machinery. The cytoskeleton is often one of the first components to be hijacked as it provides a convenient transport system for viruses to enter the cell and reach the site of replication. The cytoskeleton is an intricate network involved in controlling the cell shape, cargo transport, signal transduction, and cell division. The host cytoskeleton has complex interactions with viruses during the viral life cycle, as well as cell-to-cell transmission once the life cycle is completed. Additionally, the host also develops unique, cytoskeleton-mediated antiviral innate immune responses. These processes are also involved in pathological damages, although the comprehensive mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we briefly summarize the functions of some prominent viruses in inducing or hijacking cytoskeletal structures and the related antiviral responses in order to provide new insights into the crosstalk between the cytoskeleton and viruses, which may contribute to the design of novel antivirals targeting the cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Dingkun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Hongwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xiaoke Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Su Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Lian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bharathan NK, Giang W, Hoffman CL, Aaron JS, Khuon S, Chew TL, Preibisch S, Trautman ET, Heinrich L, Bogovic J, Bennett D, Ackerman D, Park W, Petruncio A, Weigel AV, Saalfeld S, Wayne Vogl A, Stahley SN, Kowalczyk AP. Architecture and dynamics of a desmosome-endoplasmic reticulum complex. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:823-835. [PMID: 37291267 PMCID: PMC10960982 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms a dynamic network that contacts other cellular membranes to regulate stress responses, calcium signalling and lipid transfer. Here, using high-resolution volume electron microscopy, we find that the ER forms a previously unknown association with keratin intermediate filaments and desmosomal cell-cell junctions. Peripheral ER assembles into mirror image-like arrangements at desmosomes and exhibits nanometre proximity to keratin filaments and the desmosome cytoplasmic plaque. ER tubules exhibit stable associations with desmosomes, and perturbation of desmosomes or keratin filaments alters ER organization, mobility and expression of ER stress transcripts. These findings indicate that desmosomes and the keratin cytoskeleton regulate the distribution, function and dynamics of the ER network. Overall, this study reveals a previously unknown subcellular architecture defined by the structural integration of ER tubules with an epithelial intercellular junction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navaneetha Krishnan Bharathan
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - William Giang
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Coryn L Hoffman
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jesse S Aaron
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Satya Khuon
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Stephan Preibisch
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Eric T Trautman
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Larissa Heinrich
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - John Bogovic
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Davis Bennett
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - David Ackerman
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Woohyun Park
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Alyson Petruncio
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Aubrey V Weigel
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Stephan Saalfeld
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - A Wayne Vogl
- Life Sciences Institute and the Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sara N Stahley
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rübsam M, Püllen R, Tellkamp F, Bianco A, Peskoller M, Bloch W, Green KJ, Merkel R, Hoffmann B, Wickström SA, Niessen CM. Polarity signaling balances epithelial contractility and mechanical resistance. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7743. [PMID: 37173371 PMCID: PMC10182030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelia maintain a functional barrier during tissue turnover while facing varying mechanical stress. This maintenance requires both dynamic cell rearrangements driven by actomyosin-linked intercellular adherens junctions and ability to adapt to and resist extrinsic mechanical forces enabled by keratin filament-linked desmosomes. How these two systems crosstalk to coordinate cellular movement and mechanical resilience is not known. Here we show that in stratifying epithelia the polarity protein aPKCλ controls the reorganization from stress fibers to cortical actomyosin during differentiation and upward movement of cells. Without aPKC, stress fibers are retained resulting in increased contractile prestress. This aberrant stress is counterbalanced by reorganization and bundling of keratins, thereby increasing mechanical resilience. Inhibiting contractility in aPKCλ-/- cells restores normal cortical keratin networks but also normalizes resilience. Consistently, increasing contractile stress is sufficient to induce keratin bundling and enhance resilience, mimicking aPKC loss. In conclusion, our data indicate that keratins sense the contractile stress state of stratified epithelia and balance increased contractility by mounting a protective response to maintain tissue integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rübsam
- Department Cell Biology of the Skin, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Robin Püllen
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-2: Mechanobiology, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Frederik Tellkamp
- Department Cell Biology of the Skin, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alessandra Bianco
- Department Cell Biology of the Skin, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Peskoller
- Department Cell Biology of the Skin, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-2: Mechanobiology, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-2: Mechanobiology, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Department Cell Biology of the Skin, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Meng Y, Lin S, Niu K, Ma Z, Lin H, Fan H. Vimentin affects inflammation and neutrophil recruitment in airway epithelium during Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection. Vet Res 2023; 54:7. [PMID: 36717839 PMCID: PMC9885403 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) frequently colonizes the swine upper respiratory tract and can cause Streptococcal disease in swine with clinical manifestations of pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia. Previously, we have shown that vimentin, a kind of intermediate filament protein, is involved in the penetration of SS2 through the tracheal epithelial barrier. The initiation of invasive disease is closely related to SS2-induced excessive local inflammation; however, the role of vimentin in airway epithelial inflammation remains unclear. Here, we show that vimentin deficient mice exhibit attenuated lung injury, diminished production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the IL-8 homolog, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), and substantially reduced neutrophils in the lungs following intranasal infection with SS2. We also found that swine tracheal epithelial cells (STEC) without vimentin show decreased transcription of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8. SS2 infection caused reassembly of vimentin in STEC, and pharmacological disruption of vimentin filaments prevented the transcription of those proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, deficiency of vimentin failed to increase the transcription of nucleotide oligomerization domain protein 2 (NOD2), which is known to interact with vimentin, and the phosphorylation of NF-κB protein p65. This study provides insights into how vimentin promotes excessive airway inflammation, thereby exacerbating airway injury and SS2-induced systemic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaojie Lin
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Niu
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huixing Lin
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Adhesion G-Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR115/ADGRF4 Regulates Epidermal Differentiation and Associates with Cytoskeletal KRT1. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193151. [PMID: 36231117 PMCID: PMC9563031 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the 33 human adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs), a unique subfamily of GPCRs, only ADGRF4, encoding GPR115, shows an obvious skin-dominated transcriptomic profile, but its expression and function in skin is largely unknown. Here, we report that GPR115 is present in a small subset of basal and in most suprabasal, noncornified keratinocytes of the stratified epidermis, supporting epidermal transcriptomic data. In psoriatic skin, characterized by hyperproliferation and delayed differentiation, the expression of GPR115 and KRT1/10, the fundamental suprabasal keratin dimer, is delayed. The deletion of ADGRF4 in HaCaT keratinocytes grown in an organotypic mode abrogates KRT1 and reduces keratinocyte stratification, indicating a role of GPR115 in epidermal differentiation. Unexpectedly, endogenous GPR115, which is not glycosylated and is likely not proteolytically processed, localizes intracellularly along KRT1/10-positive keratin filaments in a regular pattern. Our data demonstrate a hitherto unknown function of GPR115 in the regulation of epidermal differentiation and KRT1.
Collapse
|
21
|
Yoon S, Windoffer R, Kozyrina AN, Piskova T, Di Russo J, Leube RE. Combining Image Restoration and Traction Force Microscopy to Study Extracellular Matrix-Dependent Keratin Filament Network Plasticity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:901038. [PMID: 35646906 PMCID: PMC9131083 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.901038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filaments are dynamic cytoskeletal components that are responsible for tuning the mechanical properties of epithelial tissues. Although it is known that keratin filaments (KFs) are able to sense and respond to changes in the physicochemical properties of the local niche, a direct correlation of the dynamic three-dimensional network structure at the single filament level with the microenvironment has not been possible. Using conventional approaches, we find that keratin flow rates are dependent on extracellular matrix (ECM) composition but are unable to resolve KF network organization at the single filament level in relation to force patterns. We therefore developed a novel method that combines a machine learning-based image restoration technique and traction force microscopy to decipher the fine details of KF network properties in living cells grown on defined ECM patterns. Our approach utilizes Content-Aware Image Restoration (CARE) to enhance the temporal resolution of confocal fluorescence microscopy by at least five fold while preserving the spatial resolution required for accurate extraction of KF network structure at the single KF/KF bundle level. The restored images are used to segment the KF network, allowing numerical analyses of its local properties. We show that these tools can be used to study the impact of ECM composition and local mechanical perturbations on KF network properties and corresponding traction force patterns in size-controlled keratinocyte assemblies. We were thus able to detect increased curvature but not length of KFs on laminin-322 versus fibronectin. Photoablation of single cells in microprinted circular quadruplets revealed surprisingly little but still significant changes in KF segment length and curvature that were paralleled by an overall reduction in traction forces without affecting global network orientation in the modified cell groups irrespective of the ECM coating. Single cell analyses furthermore revealed differential responses to the photoablation that were less pronounced on laminin-332 than on fibronectin. The obtained results illustrate the feasibility of combining multiple techniques for multimodal monitoring and thereby provide, for the first time, a direct comparison between the changes in KF network organization at the single filament level and local force distribution in defined paradigms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungjun Yoon
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Windoffer
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aleksandra N Kozyrina
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr, Aachen, Germany
| | - Teodora Piskova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jacopo Di Russo
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ndiaye AB, Koenderink GH, Shemesh M. Intermediate Filaments in Cellular Mechanoresponsiveness: Mediating Cytoskeletal Crosstalk From Membrane to Nucleus and Back. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:882037. [PMID: 35478961 PMCID: PMC9035595 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.882037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian cytoskeleton forms a mechanical continuum that spans across the cell, connecting the cell surface to the nucleus via transmembrane protein complexes in the plasma and nuclear membranes. It transmits extracellular forces to the cell interior, providing mechanical cues that influence cellular decisions, but also actively generates intracellular forces, enabling the cell to probe and remodel its tissue microenvironment. Cells adapt their gene expression profile and morphology to external cues provided by the matrix and adjacent cells as well as to cell-intrinsic changes in cytoplasmic and nuclear volume. The cytoskeleton is a complex filamentous network of three interpenetrating structural proteins: actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. Traditionally the actin cytoskeleton is considered the main contributor to mechanosensitivity. This view is now shifting owing to the mounting evidence that the three cytoskeletal filaments have interdependent functions due to cytoskeletal crosstalk, with intermediate filaments taking a central role. In this Mini Review we discuss how cytoskeletal crosstalk confers mechanosensitivity to cells and tissues, with a particular focus on the role of intermediate filaments. We propose a view of the cytoskeleton as a composite structure, in which cytoskeletal crosstalk regulates the local stability and organization of all three filament families at the sub-cellular scale, cytoskeletal mechanics at the cellular scale, and cell adaptation to external cues at the tissue scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michal Shemesh
- *Correspondence: Michal Shemesh, ; Gijsje H. Koenderink,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Peskoller M, Bhosale A, Göbel K, Löhr J, Miceli S, Perot S, Persa O, Rübsam M, Shah J, Zhang H, Niessen CM. ESDR 50th Anniversary Lecture summary: How to build and regenerate a functional skin barrier: the adhesive and cell shaping travels of a keratinocyte. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:1020-1025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
24
|
Gouveia M, Sorčan T, Zemljič-Jokhadar Š, Travasso RDM, Liović M. A mathematical model for the dependence of keratin aggregate formation on the quantity of mutant keratin expressed in EGFP-K14 R125P keratinocytes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261227. [PMID: 34962936 PMCID: PMC8714116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined keratin aggregate formation and the possible mechanisms involved. With this aim, we observed the effect that different ratios between mutant and wild-type keratins expressed in cultured keratinocytes may have on aggregate formation in vitro, as well as how keratin aggregate formation affects the mechanical properties of cells at the cell cortex. To this end we prepared clones with expression rates as close as possible to 25%, 50% and 100% of the EGFP-K14 proteins (either WT or R125P and V270M mutants). Our results showed that only in the case of the 25% EGFP-K14 R125P mutant significant differences could be seen. Namely, we observed in this case the largest accumulation of keratin aggregates and a significant reduction in cell stiffness. To gain insight into the possible mechanisms behind this observation, we extended our previous mathematical model of keratin dynamics by implementing a more complex reaction network that considers the coexistence of wild-type and mutant keratins in the cell. The new model, consisting of a set of coupled, non-linear, ordinary differential equations, allowed us to draw conclusions regarding the relative amounts of intermediate filaments and aggregates in cells, and suggested that aggregate formation by asymmetric binding between wild-type and mutant keratins could explain the data obtained on cells grown in culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Gouveia
- Department of Physics, CFisUC, Center of Physics of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- * E-mail: (MG); (RDMT); (ML)
| | | | - Špela Zemljič-Jokhadar
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Biophysics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rui D. M. Travasso
- Department of Physics, CFisUC, Center of Physics of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- * E-mail: (MG); (RDMT); (ML)
| | - Mirjana Liović
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center for Molecular Biology, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail: (MG); (RDMT); (ML)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Weber MS, Eibauer M, Sivagurunathan S, Magin TM, Goldman RD, Medalia O. Structural heterogeneity of cellular K5/K14 filaments as revealed by cryo-electron microscopy. eLife 2021; 10:70307. [PMID: 34323216 PMCID: PMC8360650 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filaments are an essential and major component of the cytoskeleton in epithelial cells. They form a stable yet dynamic filamentous network extending from the nucleus to the cell periphery, which provides resistance to mechanical stresses. Mutations in keratin genes are related to a variety of epithelial tissue diseases. Despite their importance, the molecular structure of keratin filaments remains largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the structure of keratin 5/keratin 14 filaments within ghost mouse keratinocytes by cryo-electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomography. By averaging a large number of keratin segments, we have gained insights into the helical architecture of the filaments. Two-dimensional classification revealed profound variations in the diameter of keratin filaments and their subunit organization. Computational reconstitution of filaments of substantial length uncovered a high degree of internal heterogeneity along single filaments, which can contain regions of helical symmetry, regions with less symmetry and regions with significant diameter fluctuations. Cross-section views of filaments revealed that keratins form hollow cylinders consisting of multiple protofilaments, with an electron dense core located in the center of the filament. These findings shed light on the complex and remarkable heterogenic architecture of keratin filaments, suggesting that they are highly flexible, dynamic cytoskeletal structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam S Weber
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Eibauer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Suganya Sivagurunathan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert D Goldman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Disorders Caused by Mutations in Genes Encoding Intermediate Filament Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084256. [PMID: 33923914 PMCID: PMC8073371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments are major components of the cytoskeleton. Desmin and synemin, cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins and A-type lamins, nuclear intermediate filament proteins, play key roles in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Desmin, encoded by the DES gene (OMIM *125660) and A-type lamins by the LMNA gene (OMIM *150330), have been involved in striated muscle disorders. Diseases include desmin-related myopathy and cardiomyopathy (desminopathy), which can be manifested with dilated, restrictive, hypertrophic, arrhythmogenic, or even left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy, Emery–Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD2 and EDMD3, due to LMNA mutations), LMNA-related congenital Muscular Dystrophy (L-CMD) and LMNA-linked dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction system defects (CMD1A). Recently, mutations in synemin (SYNM gene, OMIM *606087) have been linked to cardiomyopathy. This review will summarize clinical and molecular aspects of desmin-, lamin- and synemin-related striated muscle disorders with focus on LMNA and DES-associated clinical entities and will suggest pathogenetic hypotheses based on the interplay of desmin and lamin A/C. In healthy muscle, such interplay is responsible for the involvement of this network in mechanosignaling, nuclear positioning and mitochondrial homeostasis, while in disease it is disturbed, leading to myocyte death and activation of inflammation and the associated secretome alterations.
Collapse
|
27
|
Coulombe PA, Lappalainen P. Editorial: Architectural cell elements as multimodal sensors, transducers, and actuators. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 68:iii-v. [PMID: 33419601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre A Coulombe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Biocenter 2, room 2016, Viikinkaari 5D, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|