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Zeng L, Gomez Mendez MF, Guo J, Jiang J, Zhang B, Chen H, Le B, Ke H, Dehesh K. Activation of stress-response genes by retrograde signaling-mediated destabilization of nuclear importin IMPα-9 and its interactor TPR2. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:884-899. [PMID: 38693693 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Stress-induced retrograde signal transmission from the plastids to the nucleus has long puzzled plant biologists. To address this, we performed a suppressor screen of the ceh1 mutant, which contains elevated 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-2,4-cyclopyrophosphate (MEcPP) levels, and identified the gain-of-function mutant impα-9, which shows reversed dwarfism and suppressed expression of stress-response genes in the ceh1 background despite heightened MEcPP. Subsequent genetic and biochemical analyses established that the accumulation of MEcPP initiates an upsurge in Arabidopsis SKP1-like 1 (ASK1) abundance, a pivotal component in the proteasome degradation pathway. This increase in ASK1 prompts the degradation of IMPα-9. Moreover, we uncovered a protein-protein interaction between IMPα-9 and TPR2, a transcriptional co-suppressor and found that a reduction in IMPα-9 levels coincides with a decrease in TPR2 abundance. Significantly, the interaction between IMPα-9 and TPR2 was disrupted in impα-9 mutants, highlighting the critical role of a single amino acid alteration in maintaining their association. Disruption of their interaction results in the reversal of MEcPP-associated phenotypes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with sequencing analyses revealed that TPR2 binds globally to stress-response genes and suggested that IMPα-9 associates with the chromatin. They function together to suppress the expression of stress-response genes under normal conditions, but this suppression is alleviated in response to stress through the degradation of the suppressing machinery. The biological relevance of our discoveries was validated under high light stress, marked by MEcPP accumulation, elevated ASK1 levels, IMPα-9 degredation, reduced TPR2 abundance, and subsequent activation of a network of stress-response genes. In summary, our study collectively unveils fresh insights into plant adaptive mechanisms, highlighting intricate interactions among retrograde signaling, the proteasome, and nuclear transport machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zeng
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Maria Fernanda Gomez Mendez
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jingzhe Guo
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jishan Jiang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Bailong Zhang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Brandon Le
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Haiyan Ke
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Dupouy G, Dong Y, Herzog E, Chabouté ME, Berr A. Nuclear envelope dynamics in connection to chromatin remodeling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:963-981. [PMID: 37067011 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus is a central organelle of eukaryotic cells undergoing dynamic structural changes during cellular fundamental processes such as proliferation and differentiation. These changes rely on the integration of developmental and stress signals at the nuclear envelope (NE), orchestrating responses at the nucleo-cytoplasmic interface for efficient genomic functions such as DNA transcription, replication and repair. While in animals, correlation has already been established between NE dynamics and chromatin remodeling using last-generation tools and cutting-edge technologies, this topic is just emerging in plants, especially in response to mechanical cues. This review summarizes recent data obtained in this field with more emphasis on the mechanical stress response. It also highlights similarities/differences between animal and plant cells at multiples scales, from the structural organization of the nucleo-cytoplasmic continuum to the functional impacts of NE dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Dupouy
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS- Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer,, F-67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yihan Dong
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS- Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer,, F-67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Herzog
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS- Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer,, F-67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Edith Chabouté
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS- Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer,, F-67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Berr
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS- Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer,, F-67084, Strasbourg, France
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Spies FP, Perotti MF, Cho Y, Jo CI, Hong JC, Chan RL. A complex tissue-specific interplay between the Arabidopsis transcription factors AtMYB68, AtHB23, and AtPHL1 modulates primary and lateral root development and adaptation to salinity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:952-966. [PMID: 37165773 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to different soil conditions is a well-regulated process vital for plant life. AtHB23 is a homeodomain-leucine zipper I transcription factor (TF) that was previously revealed as crucial for plant survival under salinity conditions. We wondered whether this TF has partners to perform this essential function. Therefore, TF cDNA library screening, yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and coimmunoprecipitation assays were complemented with expression analyses and phenotypic characterization of silenced, mutant, overexpression, and crossed plants in normal and salinity conditions. We revealed that AtHB23, AtPHL1, and AtMYB68 interact with each other, modulating root development and the salinity response. The encoding genes are coexpressed in specific root tissues and at specific developmental stages. In normal conditions, amiR68 silenced plants have fewer initiated roots, the opposite phenotype to that shown by amiR23 plants. AtMYB68 and AtPHL1 play opposite roles in lateral root elongation. Under salinity conditions, AtHB23 plays a crucial positive role in cooperating with AtMYB68, whereas AtPHL1 acts oppositely by obstructing the function of the former, impacting the plant's survival ability. Such interplay supports the complex interaction between these TF in primary and lateral roots. The root adaptation capability is associated with the amyloplast state. We identified new molecular players that through a complex relationship determine Arabidopsis root architecture and survival in salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Paola Spies
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, FBCB, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Perotti
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, FBCB, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Yuhan Cho
- Division of Life Science, Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, South Korea
| | - Chang Ig Jo
- Division of Life Science, Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, South Korea
| | - Jong Chan Hong
- Division of Life Science, Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, South Korea
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, South Carolina, MO 65211-7310, USA
| | - Raquel Lía Chan
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, FBCB, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Jin L, Zhang G, Yang G, Dong J. Identification of the Karyopherin Superfamily in Maize and Its Functional Cues in Plant Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214103. [PMID: 36430578 PMCID: PMC9699179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate nucleo-cytoplasmic partitioning of proteins is a vital regulatory mechanism in phytohormone signaling and plant development. However, how this is achieved remains incompletely understood. The Karyopherin (KAP) superfamily is critical for separating the biological processes in the nucleus from those in the cytoplasm. The KAP superfamily is divided into Importin α (IMPα) and Importin β (IMPβ) families and includes the core components in mediating nucleocytoplasmic transport. Recent reports suggest the KAPs play crucial regulatory roles in Arabidopsis development and stress response by regulating the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of members in hormone signaling. However, the KAP members and their associated molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood in maize. Therefore, we first identified seven IMPα and twenty-seven IMPβ genes in the maize genome and described their evolution traits and the recognition rules for substrates with nuclear localization signals (NLSs) or nuclear export signals (NESs) in plants. Next, we searched for the protein interaction partners of the ZmKAPs and selected the ones with Arabidopsis orthologs functioning in auxin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling to predict their potential function. Finally, we found that several ZmKAPs share similar expression patterns with their interacting proteins, implying their function in root development. Overall, this article focuses on the Karyopherin superfamily in maize and starts with this entry point by systematically comprehending the KAP-mediated nucleo-cytoplasmic transport process in plants, and then predicts the function of the ZmKAPs during maize development, with a perspective on a closely associated regulatory mechanism between the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport and the phytohormone network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Guixiao Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jiaqiang Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence:
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Zhang Y, Yu J, Xu X, Wang R, Liu Y, Huang S, Wei H, Wei Z. Molecular Mechanisms of Diverse Auxin Responses during Plant Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012495. [PMID: 36293351 PMCID: PMC9604407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin acts as a signaling molecule to regulate numerous developmental processes throughout all stages of plant growth. Understanding how auxin regulates various physiological and developmental processes has been a hot topic and an intriguing field. Recent studies have unveiled more molecular details into how diverse auxin responses function in every aspect of plant growth and development. In this review, we systematically summarized and classified the molecular mechanisms of diverse auxin responses, and comprehensively elaborated the characteristics and multilevel regulation mechanisms of the canonical transcriptional auxin response. On this basis, we described the characteristics and differences between different auxin responses. We also presented some auxin response genes that have been genetically modified in plant species and how their changes impact various traits of interest. Finally, we summarized some important aspects and unsolved questions of auxin responses that need to be focused on or addressed in future research. This review will help to gain an overall understanding of and some insights into the diverse molecular mechanisms of auxin responses in plant growth and development that are instrumental in harnessing genetic resources in molecular breeding of extant plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiajie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiuyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hairong Wei
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Zhigang Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
- Correspondence: or
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Jing H, Korasick DA, Emenecker RJ, Morffy N, Wilkinson EG, Powers SK, Strader LC. Regulation of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR condensation and nucleo-cytoplasmic partitioning. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4015. [PMID: 35817767 PMCID: PMC9273615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin critically regulates plant growth and development. Auxin-driven transcriptional responses are mediated through the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) family of transcription factors. ARF protein condensation attenuates ARF activity, resulting in dramatic shifts in the auxin transcriptional landscape. Here, we perform a forward genetics screen for ARF hypercondensation, identifying an F-box protein, which we named AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR F-BOX1 (AFF1). Functional characterization of SCFAFF1 revealed that this E3 ubiquitin ligase directly interacts with ARF19 and ARF7 to regulate their accumulation, condensation, and nucleo-cytoplasmic partitioning. Mutants defective in AFF1 display attenuated auxin responsiveness, and developmental defects, suggesting that SCFAFF1 -mediated regulation of ARF protein drives aspects of auxin response and plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Jing
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27008, USA
- Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Center for Science and Engineering Living Systems (CSELS), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - David A Korasick
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Ryan J Emenecker
- Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Center for Science and Engineering Living Systems (CSELS), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Nicholas Morffy
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27008, USA
- Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Center for Science and Engineering Living Systems (CSELS), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Edward G Wilkinson
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27008, USA
- Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Center for Science and Engineering Living Systems (CSELS), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Samantha K Powers
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Lucia C Strader
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27008, USA.
- Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
- Center for Science and Engineering Living Systems (CSELS), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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7
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Yang L, Chen Y, Xu L, Wang J, Qi H, Guo J, Zhang L, Shen J, Wang H, Zhang F, Xie L, Zhu W, Lü P, Qian Q, Yu H, Song S. The OsFTIP6-OsHB22-OsMYBR57 module regulates drought response in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1227-1242. [PMID: 35684964 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a sophisticated set of mechanisms to adapt to drought stress. Transcription factors play crucial roles in plant responses to various environmental stimuli by modulating the expression of numerous stress-responsive genes. However, how the crosstalk between different transcription factor families orchestrates initiation of the key transcriptional network and the role of posttranscriptional modification of transcription factors, especially in cellular localization/trafficking in response to stress in rice, remain still largely unknown. In this study, we isolated an Osmybr57 mutant that displays a drought-sensitive phenotype through a genetic screen for drought stress sensitivity. We found that OsMYBR57, an MYB-related protein, directly regulates the expression of several key drought-related OsbZIPs in response to drought treatment. Further studies revealed that OsMYBR57 interacts with a homeodomain transcription factor, OsHB22, which also plays a positive role in drought signaling. We further demonstrate that OsFTIP6 interacts with OsHB22 and promotes the nucleocytoplasmic translocation of OsHB22 into the nucleus, where OsHB22 cooperates with OsMYBR57 to regulate the expression of drought-responsive genes. Our findings have revealed a mechanistic framework underlying the OsFTIP6-OsHB22-OsMYBR57 module-mediated regulation of drought response in rice. The OsFTIP6-mediated OsHB22 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and OsMYBR57-OsHB22 regulation of OsbZIP transcription ensure precise control of expression of OsLEA3 and Rab21, and thereby regulate the response to water deficiency in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haoyue Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiazhuo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lijun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Peitao Lü
- College of Horticulture, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shiyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Wu X, Han J, Guo C. Function of Nuclear Pore Complexes in Regulation of Plant Defense Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063031. [PMID: 35328452 PMCID: PMC8953349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the nucleus is the regulatory center of cytogenetics and metabolism, and it is critical for fundamental biological processes, including DNA replication and transcription, protein synthesis, and biological macromolecule transportation. The eukaryotic nucleus is surrounded by a lipid bilayer called the nuclear envelope (NE), which creates a microenvironment for sophisticated cellular processes. The NE is perforated by the nuclear pore complex (NPC), which is the channel for biological macromolecule bi-directional transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm. It is well known that NPC is the spatial designer of the genome and the manager of genomic function. Moreover, the NPC is considered to be a platform for the continual adaptation and evolution of eukaryotes. So far, a number of nucleoporins required for plant-defense processes have been identified. Here, we first provide an overview of NPC organization in plants, and then discuss recent findings in the plant NPC to elaborate on and dissect the distinct defensive functions of different NPC subcomponents in plant immune defense, growth and development, hormone signaling, and temperature response. Nucleoporins located in different components of NPC have their unique functions, and the link between the NPC and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking promotes crosstalk of different defense signals in plants. It is necessary to explore appropriate components of the NPC as potential targets for the breeding of high-quality and broad spectrum resistance crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wu
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China;
| | - Junyou Han
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China;
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Changkui Guo
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (C.G.)
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