1
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Jędrychowska J, Vardanyan V, Wieczor M, Marciniak A, Czub J, Amini R, Jain R, Shen H, Choi H, Kuznicki J, Korzh V. Mutant analysis of Kcng4b reveals how the different functional states of the voltage-gated potassium channel regulate ear development. Dev Biol 2024; 513:50-62. [PMID: 38492873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The voltage gated (Kv) slow-inactivating delayed rectifier channel regulates the development of hollow organs of the zebrafish. The functional channel consists of the tetramer of electrically active Kcnb1 (Kv2.1) subunits and Kcng4b (Kv6.4) modulatory or electrically silent subunits. The two mutations in zebrafish kcng4b gene - kcng4b-C1 and kcng4b-C2 (Gasanov et al., 2021) - have been studied during ear development using electrophysiology, developmental biology and in silico structural modelling. kcng4b-C1 mutation causes a C-terminal truncation characterized by mild Kcng4b loss-of-function (LOF) manifested by failure of kinocilia to extend and formation of ectopic otoliths. In contrast, the kcng4b-C2-/- mutation causes the C-terminal domain to elongate and the ectopic seventh transmembrane (TM) domain to form, converting the intracellular C-terminus to an extracellular one. Kcng4b-C2 acts as a Kcng4b gain-of-function (GOF) allele. Otoliths fail to develop and kinocilia are reduced in kcng4b-C2-/-. These results show that different mutations of the silent subunit Kcng4 can affect the activity of the Kv channel and cause a wide range of developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Jędrychowska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland; Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vitya Vardanyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Armenian Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Milosz Wieczor
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Antoni Marciniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Czub
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Razieh Amini
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ruchi Jain
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hongyuan Shen
- Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health Sciences, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jacek Kuznicki
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vladimir Korzh
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland.
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2
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Zhao L, Fong SH, Yang Q, Jiang YJ, Korzh V, Liou YC. The prolyl isomerase Pin1 stabilizes NeuroD during differentiation of mechanoreceptors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1225128. [PMID: 37791075 PMCID: PMC10543749 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1225128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase Pin1 plays vital roles in diverse cellular processes and pathological conditions. NeuroD is a differentiation and survival factor for a subset of neurons and pancreatic endocrine cells. Although multiple phosphorylation events are known to be crucial for NeuroD function, their mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that zebrafish embryos deficient in Pin1 displayed phenotypes resembling those associated with NeuroD depletion, characterized by defects in formation of mechanosensory hair cells. Furthermore, zebrafish Pin1 interacts with NeuroD in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. In Pin1-deficient cell lines, NeuroD is rapidly degraded. However, the protein stability of NeuroD is restored upon overexpression of Pin1. These findings suggest that Pin1 functionally regulates NeuroD protein levels by post-phosphorylation cis-trans isomerization during neuronal specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Steven H. Fong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Genes and Development Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiaoyun Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun-Jin Jiang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Vladimir Korzh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Genes and Development Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yih-Cherng Liou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Faria M, Prats E, Rosas Ramírez JR, Bellot M, Bedrossiantz J, Pagano M, Valls A, Gomez-Canela C, Porta JM, Mestres J, Garcia-Reyero N, Faggio C, Gómez Oliván LM, Raldua D. Androgenic activation, impairment of the monoaminergic system and altered behavior in zebrafish larvae exposed to environmental concentrations of fenitrothion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145671. [PMID: 33621872 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fenitrothion is an organophosphorus insecticide usually found in aquatic ecosystems at concentrations in the range of low ng/L. In this manuscript we show that 24 h exposure to environmental concentrations of fenitrothion, from ng/L to low μg/L, altered basal locomotor activity, visual-motor response and acoustic/vibrational escape response of zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, fenitrothion and expression of gap43a, gfap, atp2b1a, and mbp exhibited a significant non-monotonic concentration-response relationship. Once determined that environmental concentrations of fenitrothion were neurotoxic for zebrafish larvae, a computational analysis identified potential protein targets of this compound. Some of the predictions, including interactions with acetylcholinesterase, monoamine-oxidases and androgen receptor (AR), were experimentally validated. Binding to AR was the most suitable candidate for molecular initiating event, as indicated by both the up-regulation of cyp19a1b and sult2st3 and the non-monotonic relationship found between fenitrothion and the observed responses. Finally, when the integrity of the monoaminergic system was evaluated, altered levels of L-DOPA, DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA were found, as well as a significant up-regulation of slc18a2 expression at the lowest concentrations of fenitrothion. These data strongly suggest that concentrations of fenitrothion commonly found in aquatic ecosystems present a significant environmental risk for fish communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Faria
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Prats
- Research and Development Center (CID-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan Ricardo Rosas Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Marina Bellot
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied (Chromatography section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliette Bedrossiantz
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Pagano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Agata-Messina, Italy
| | - Arnau Valls
- Institut de Robòtica i Informàtica Industrial, CSIC-UPC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Gomez-Canela
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied (Chromatography section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Porta
- Institut de Robòtica i Informàtica Industrial, CSIC-UPC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Mestres
- Systems Pharmacology, Research Group on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica, Chemotargets SL, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Garcia-Reyero
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Agata-Messina, Italy
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Demetrio Raldua
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Yao Q, Wang L, Mittal R, Yan D, Richmond MT, Denyer S, Requena T, Liu K, Varshney GK, Lu Z, Liu XZ. Transcriptomic Analyses of Inner Ear Sensory Epithelia in Zebrafish. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:527-543. [PMID: 31883312 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of gene expression has the potential to assist in the understanding of multiple cellular processes including proliferation, cell-fate specification, senesence, and activity in both healthy and disease states. Zebrafish model has been increasingly used to understand the process of hearing and the development of the vertebrate auditory system. Within the zebrafish inner ear, there are three otolith organs, each containing a sensory macula of hair cells. The saccular macula is primarily involved in hearing, the utricular macula is primarily involved in balance and the function of the lagenar macula is not completely understood. The goal of this study is to understand the transcriptional differences in the sensory macula associated with different otolith organs with the intention of understanding the genetic mechanisms responsible for the distinct role each organ plays in sensory perception. The sensory maculae of the saccule, utricle, and lagena were dissected out of adult Et(krt4:GFP)sqet4 zebrafish expressing green fluorescent protein in hair cells for transcriptional analysis. The total RNAs of the maculae were isolated and analyzed by RNA GeneChip microarray. Several of the differentially expressed genes are known to be involved in deafness, otolith development and balance. Gene expression among these otolith organs was very well conserved with less than 10% of genes showing differential expression. Data from this study will help to elucidate which genes are involved in hearing and balance. Furthermore, the findings of this study will assist in the development of the zebrafish model for human hearing and balance disorders. Anat Rec, 303:527-543, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Denise Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Steven Denyer
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Teresa Requena
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kaili Liu
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Gaurav K Varshney
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Zhongmin Lu
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Xue Zhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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5
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DeSmidt AA, Zou B, Grati M, Yan D, Mittal R, Yao Q, Richmond MT, Denyer S, Liu XZ, Lu Z. Zebrafish Model for Nonsyndromic X-Linked Sensorineural Deafness, DFNX1. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:544-555. [PMID: 30874365 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary deafness is often a neurosensory disorder and affects the quality of life of humans. Only three X-linked genes (POU class 3 homeobox 4 (POU3F4), phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1), and small muscle protein X-linked (SMPX)) are known to be involved in nonsyndromic hearing loss. Four PRPS1 missense mutations have been found to associate with X-linked nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness (DFNX1/DFN2) in humans. However, a causative relationship between PRPS1 mutations and hearing loss in humans has not been well studied in any animal model. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRS-I) is highly conserved in vertebrate taxa. In this study, we used the zebrafish as a model to investigate the auditory role of zebrafish orthologs (prps1a and prps1b) of the human PRPS1 gene with whole mount in situ hybridization, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, phenotypic screening, confocal imaging, and electrophysiological methods. We found that both prps1a and prps1b genes were expressed in the inner ear of zebrafish. Splice-blocking antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MO1 and MO2) caused exon-2 skip and intron-2 retention of prps1a and exon-2 skip and intron-1 retention of prps1b to knock down functions of the genes, respectively. MO1 and MO2 morphants had smaller otic vesicles and otoliths, fewer inner ear hair cells, and lower microphonic response amplitude and sensitivity than control zebrafish. Therefore, knockdown of either prps1a or prps1b resulted in significant sensorineural hearing loss in zebrafish. We conclude that the prps1 genes are essential for hearing in zebrafish, which has the potential to help us understand the biology of human deafness DFNX1/DFN2. Anat Rec, 303:544-555, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bing Zou
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - M'hamed Grati
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Denise Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Qi Yao
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Steven Denyer
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Xue Zhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongmin Lu
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,International Center for Marine Studies, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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6
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Korzh V, Kondrychyn I, Winata C. The Zebrafish as a New Model System for Experimental Biology. CYTOL GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.3103/s009545271806004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Lin LY, Yeh YH, Hung GY, Lin CH, Hwang PP, Horng JL. Role of Calcium-Sensing Receptor in Mechanotransducer-Channel-Mediated Ca 2+ Influx in Hair Cells of Zebrafish Larvae. Front Physiol 2018; 9:649. [PMID: 29899708 PMCID: PMC5988855 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is an extracellular Ca2+ sensor that plays a critical role in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis in several organs, including the parathyroid gland and kidneys. In this study, through in situ hybridization, the expression of CaSR mRNA was found in the neuromasts of zebrafish larvae. Immunohistochemistry further demonstrated that the CaSR protein was present in neuromast hair cell stereocilia and basolateral membranes. Based on the expression and subcellular localization of the CaSR in hair cells, we hypothesized that the CaSR is expressed in zebrafish lateral-line hair cells to regulate mechanotransducer (MET)-channel-mediated Ca2+ entry. Using the scanning ion-selective electrode technique, MET-channel-mediated Ca2+ influx at the stereocilia of hair cells was measured in intact larvae. Ca2+ influx was suppressed after larvae were pretreated with a CaSR activator (R-568) or high-Ca2+ (HCa) medium. Gene knockdown by using morpholino oligonucleotides decreased CaSR expression in hair cells and eliminated the effects of R-568 and HCa on Ca2+ influx. In addition, we found that treatment with R-568 attenuated neomycin-induced hair cell death. This study is the first to demonstrate that the CaSR is involved in mechanotransduction in zebrafish hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yih Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsin Yeh
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Giun-Yi Hung
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Lin Horng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Sonnack L, Klawonn T, Kriehuber R, Hollert H, Schäfers C, Fenske M. Comparative analysis of the transcriptome responses of zebrafish embryos after exposure to low concentrations of cadmium, cobalt and copper. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 25:99-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Behavioral methods for the functional assessment of hair cells in zebrafish. Front Med 2017; 11:178-190. [PMID: 28349300 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish is an emerging animal model for studies on auditory system. This model presents high comparability with humans, good accessibility to the hearing organ, and high throughput capacity. To better utilize this animal model, methodologies need to be used to quantify the hearing function of the zebrafish. Zebrafish displays a series of innate and robust behavior related to its auditory function. Here, we reviewed the advantage of using zebrafish in auditory research and then introduced three behavioral tests, as follows: the startle response, the vestibular-ocular reflex, and rheotaxis. These tests are discussed in terms of their physiological characteristics, up-to-date technical development, and apparatus description. Test limitation and areas to improve are also introduced. Finally, we revealed the feasibility of these applications in zebrafish behavioral assessment and their potential in the high-throughput screening on hearing-related genes and drugs.
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10
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Weigele J, Franz-Odendaal TA, Hilbig R. Formation of the inner ear during embryonic and larval development of the cichlid fish (Oreochromis mossambicus). Connect Tissue Res 2017; 58:172-195. [PMID: 27268076 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1198337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vertebrate inner ear comprises mineralized elements, namely the otoliths (fishes) or the otoconia (mammals). These elements serve vestibular and auditory functions. The formation of otoconia and otoliths is described as a stepwise process, and in fish, it is generally divided into an aggregation of the otolith primordia from precursor particles and then a growth process that continues throughout life. RESULTS This study was undertaken to investigate the complex transition between these two steps. Therefore, we investigated the developmental profiles of several inner ear structural and calcium-binding proteins during the complete embryonic and larval development of the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus in parallel with the morphology of inner ear and especially otoliths. We show that the formation of otoliths is a highly regulated temporal and spatial process which takes place throughout embryonic and larval development. CONCLUSIONS Based on our data we defined eight phases of otolith differentiation from the primordia to the mature otolith.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Weigele
- a Zoological Institute , University of Stuttgart-Hohenheim , Stuttgart , Germany.,b Department of Biology , Mount Saint Vincent University , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
| | | | - Reinhard Hilbig
- a Zoological Institute , University of Stuttgart-Hohenheim , Stuttgart , Germany
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11
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Baxendale S, Whitfield TT. Methods to study the development, anatomy, and function of the zebrafish inner ear across the life course. Methods Cell Biol 2016; 134:165-209. [PMID: 27312494 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The inner ear is a remarkably intricate structure able to detect sound, motion, and gravity. During development of the zebrafish embryo, the ear undergoes dynamic morphogenesis from a simple epithelial vesicle into a complex labyrinth, consisting of three semicircular canals and three otolithic sensory organs, each with an array of differentiated cell types. This microcosm of biology has led to advances in understanding molecular and cellular changes in epithelial patterning and morphogenesis, through to mechanisms of mechanosensory transduction and the origins of reflexive behavior. In this chapter, we describe different methods to study the zebrafish ear, including high-speed imaging of otic cilia, confocal microscopy, and light-sheet fluorescent microscopy. Many dyes, antibodies, and transgenic lines for labeling the ear are available, and we provide a comprehensive review of these resources. The developing ear is amenable to genetic, chemical, and physical manipulations, including injection and transplantation. Chemical modulation of developmental signaling pathways has paved the way for zebrafish to be widely used in drug discovery. We describe two chemical screens with relevance to the ear: a fluorescent-based screen for compounds that protect against ototoxicity, and an in situ-based screen for modulators of a signaling pathway involved in semicircular canal development. We also describe methods for dissection and imaging of the adult otic epithelia. We review both manual and automated methods to test the function of the inner ear and lateral line, defects in which can lead to altered locomotor behavior. Finally, we review a collection of zebrafish models that are generating new insights into human deafness and vestibular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baxendale
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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12
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Yao Q, DeSmidt AA, Tekin M, Liu X, Lu Z. Hearing Assessment in Zebrafish During the First Week Postfertilization. Zebrafish 2016; 13:79-86. [PMID: 26982161 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a valuable vertebrate model for human hearing disorders because of many advantages in genetics, embryology, and in vivo visualization. In this study, we investigated auditory function of zebrafish during the first week postfertilization using microphonic potential recording. Extracellular microphonic potentials were recorded from hair cells in the inner ear of wild-type AB and transgenic Et(krt4:GFP)(sqet4) zebrafish at 3, 5, and 7 days postfertilization in response to 20, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400-Hz acoustic stimulation. We found that microphonic threshold significantly decreased with age in zebrafish. However, there was no significant difference of microphonic responses between wild-type and transgenic zebrafish, indicating that the transgenic zebrafish have normal hearing like wild-type zebrafish. In addition, we observed that microphonic threshold did not change with the recording electrode location. Furthermore, microphonic threshold increased significantly at all tested stimulus frequencies after displacement of the saccular otolith but only increased at low frequencies after displacement of the utricular otolith, showing that the saccule rather than the utricle plays the major role in larval zebrafish hearing. These results enhance our knowledge of early development of auditory function in zebrafish and the factors affecting hearing assessment with microphonic potential recording.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yao
- 1 Department of Biology, University of Miami , Coral Gables, Florida
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | | | - Mustafa Tekin
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
- 3 Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
- 3 Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
- 4 Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongmin Lu
- 1 Department of Biology, University of Miami , Coral Gables, Florida
- 5 Neuroscience Program, University of Miami , Miami, Florida
- 6 International Center for Marine Studies, Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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13
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Monroe JD, Rajadinakaran G, Smith ME. Sensory hair cell death and regeneration in fishes. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:131. [PMID: 25954154 PMCID: PMC4404912 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory hair cells are specialized mechanotransductive receptors required for hearing and vestibular function. Loss of hair cells in humans and other mammals is permanent and causes reduced hearing and balance. In the early 1980’s, it was shown that hair cells continue to be added to the inner ear sensory epithelia in cartilaginous and bony fishes. Soon thereafter, hair cell regeneration was documented in the chick cochlea following acoustic trauma. Since then, research using chick and other avian models has led to great insights into hair cell death and regeneration. However, with the rise of the zebrafish as a model organism for studying disease and developmental processes, there has been an increased interest in studying sensory hair cell death and regeneration in its lateral line and inner ears. Advances derived from studies in zebrafish and other fish species include understanding the effect of ototoxins on hair cells and finding otoprotectants to mitigate ototoxin damage, the role of cellular proliferation vs. direct transdifferentiation during hair cell regeneration, and elucidating cellular pathways involved in the regeneration process. This review will summarize research on hair cell death and regeneration using fish models, indicate the potential strengths and weaknesses of these models, and discuss several emerging areas of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry D Monroe
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - Gopinath Rajadinakaran
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Michael E Smith
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University Bowling Green, KY, USA
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BDNF-TrkB axis regulates migration of the lateral line primordium and modulates the maintenance of mechanoreceptor progenitors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119711. [PMID: 25751404 PMCID: PMC4353718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BDNF and its specialized receptor TrkB are expressed in the developing lateral line system of zebrafish, but their role in this organ is unknown. To tackle this problem in vivo, we used transgenic animals expressing fluorescent markers in different cell types of the lateral line and combined a BDNF gain-of-function approach by BDNF mRNA overexpression and by soaking embryos in a solution of BDNF, with a loss-of-function approach by injecting the antisence ntrk2b-morpholino and treating embryos with the specific Trk inhibitor K252a. Subsequent analysis demonstrated that the BDNF-TrkB axis regulates migration of the lateral line primordium. In particular, BDNF-TrkB influences the expression level of components of chemokine signaling including Cxcr4b, and the generation of progenitors of mechanoreceptors, at the level of expression of Atoh1a-Atp2b1a.
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15
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Lush ME, Piotrowski T. Sensory hair cell regeneration in the zebrafish lateral line. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:1187-202. [PMID: 25045019 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Damage or destruction of sensory hair cells in the inner ear leads to hearing or balance deficits that can be debilitating, especially in older adults. Unfortunately, the damage is permanent, as regeneration of the inner ear sensory epithelia does not occur in mammals. RESULTS Zebrafish and other non-mammalian vertebrates have the remarkable ability to regenerate sensory hair cells and understanding the molecular and cellular basis for this regenerative ability will hopefully aid us in designing therapies to induce regeneration in mammals. Zebrafish not only possess hair cells in the ear but also in the sensory lateral line system. Hair cells in both organs are functionally analogous to hair cells in the inner ear of mammals. The lateral line is a mechanosensory system found in most aquatic vertebrates that detects water motion and aids in predator avoidance, prey capture, schooling, and mating. Although hair cell regeneration occurs in both the ear and lateral line, most research to date has focused on the lateral line due to its relatively simple structure and accessibility. CONCLUSIONS Here we review the recent discoveries made during the characterization of hair cell regeneration in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Lush
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri
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16
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Loh SL, Teh C, Muller J, Guccione E, Hong W, Korzh V. Zebrafish yap1 plays a role in differentiation of hair cells in posterior lateral line. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4289. [PMID: 24598795 PMCID: PMC3944368 DOI: 10.1038/srep04289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Hippo signaling pathway controls organ size by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis and this process involves Yap1. The zebrafish Yap1 acts during neural differentiation, but its function is not fully understood. The detailed analysis of yap1 expression in proliferative regions, revealed it in the otic placode that gives rise to the lateral line system affected by the morpholino-mediated knockdown of Yap1. The comparative microarray analysis of transcriptome of Yap1-deficient embryos demonstrated changes in expression of many genes, including the Wnt signaling pathway and, in particular, prox1a known for its role in development of mechanoreceptors in the lateral line. The knockdown of Yap1 causes a deficiency of differentiation of mechanoreceptors, and this defect can be rescued by prox1a mRNA. Our studies revealed a role of Yap1 in regulation of Wnt signaling pathway and its target Prox1a during differentiation of mechanosensory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siau-Lin Loh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
| | - Cathleen Teh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
| | | | | | - Wanjin Hong
- 1] Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore [2] Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vladimir Korzh
- 1] Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore [2] Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Go W, Korzh V. Plasma membrane Ca(2+) ATPase Atp2b1a regulates bone mineralization in zebrafish. Bone 2013; 54:48-57. [PMID: 23353107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish transgenic lines provide a possibility to observe the development of tissues and organs in real time. Using the reporter line for the zebrafish plasma membrane Ca(2+) ATPase (SqET4), we detected its expression in the epithelium of pharyngeal teeth and analyzed its role in their calcification and that of cranial bones. atp2b1a's expression in the pharyngeal epithelium is faithfully recapitulated in the SqET4 transgenics by GFP expression. We showed by morpholino knockdown of Atp2b1a translations as well as chemical inhibition of Atp2b1a pump activity using carboxyeosin, that its activity is required to facilitate calcification of the developing pharyngeal teeth by the dental epithelium. Atp2b1a could be required during calcification of endochondral bones, where it acts at two levels: 1) by exporting Ca(2+) from ameloblasts, it provides raw material for calcifying the pharyngeal teeth by adjacent odontoblasts; and 2) by regulating terminal differentiation of pharyngeal epithelial cells, including ameloblasts required for tissue hyper-mineralization. atp2b1a's expression in the pharyngeal epithelium is regulated by the homeodomain transcription factor dlx2b.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Go
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A-STAR, Singapore
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18
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Lu Z, DeSmidt AA. Early development of hearing in zebrafish. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2013; 14:509-21. [PMID: 23575600 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-013-0386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a valuable vertebrate model for human hearing and balance disorders because it combines powerful genetics, excellent embryology, and exceptional in vivo visualization in one organism. In this study, we investigated auditory function of zebrafish at early developmental stages using the microphonic potential method. This is the first study to report ontogeny of response of hair cells in any fish during the first week post fertilization. The right ear of each zebrafish embedded in agarose was linearly stimulated with a glass probe that was driven by a calibrated piezoelectric actuator. Using beveled micropipettes filled with standard fish saline, extracellular microphonic potentials were recorded from hair cells in the inner ear of zebrafish embryos or larvae in response to 20, 50, 100, and 200-Hz stimulation. Saccular hair cells expressing green fluorescent protein of the transgenic zebrafish from 2 to 7 days post fertilization (dpf) were visualized and quantified using confocal microscopy. The otic vesicles' areas, otoliths' areas, and saccular hair cell count and density increased linearly with age and standard body length. Microphonic responses increased monotonically with stimulus intensity, stimulus frequency, and age of zebrafish. Microphonic threshold at 200 Hz gradually decreased with zebrafish age. The increases in microphonic response and sensitivity correlate with the increases in number and density of hair cells in the saccule. These results enhance our knowledge of early development of auditory function in zebrafish and provide the control data that can be used to evaluate hearing of young zebrafish morphants or mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Lu
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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Postnatal development, maturation and aging in the mouse cochlea and their effects on hair cell regeneration. Hear Res 2012; 297:68-83. [PMID: 23164734 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The organ of Corti in the mammalian inner ear is comprised of mechanosensory hair cells (HCs) and nonsensory supporting cells (SCs), both of which are believed to be terminally post-mitotic beyond late embryonic ages. Consequently, regeneration of HCs and SCs does not occur naturally in the adult mammalian cochlea, though recent evidence suggests that these cells may not be completely or irreversibly quiescent at earlier postnatal ages. Furthermore, regenerative processes can be induced by genetic and pharmacological manipulations, but, more and more reports suggest that regenerative potential declines as the organ of Corti continues to age. In numerous mammalian systems, such effects of aging on regenerative potential are well established. However, in the cochlea, the problem of regeneration has not been traditionally viewed as one of aging. This is an important consideration as current models are unable to elicit widespread regeneration or full recovery of function at adult ages yet regenerative therapies will need to be developed specifically for adult populations. Still, the advent of gene targeting and other genetic manipulations has established mice as critically important models for the study of cochlear development and HC regeneration and suggests that auditory HC regeneration in adult mammals may indeed be possible. Thus, this review will focus on the pursuit of regeneration in the postnatal and adult mouse cochlea and highlight processes that occur during postnatal development, maturation, and aging that could contribute to an age-related decline in regenerative potential. Second, we will draw upon the wealth of knowledge pertaining to age related senescence in tissues outside of the ear to synthesize new insights and potentially guide future research aimed at promoting HC regeneration in the adult cochlea.
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Mutations in OTOGL, encoding the inner ear protein otogelin-like, cause moderate sensorineural hearing loss. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 91:872-82. [PMID: 23122586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hearing loss is characterized by a high degree of genetic heterogeneity. Here we present OTOGL mutations, a homozygous one base pair deletion (c.1430 delT) causing a frameshift (p.Val477Glufs(∗)25) in a large consanguineous family and two compound heterozygous mutations, c.547C>T (p.Arg183(∗)) and c.5238+5G>A, in a nonconsanguineous family with moderate nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss. OTOGL maps to the DFNB84 locus at 12q21.31 and encodes otogelin-like, which has structural similarities to the epithelial-secreted mucin protein family. We demonstrate that Otogl is expressed in the inner ear of vertebrates with a transcription level that is high in embryonic, lower in neonatal, and much lower in adult stages. Otogelin-like is localized to the acellular membranes of the cochlea and the vestibular system and to a variety of inner ear cells located underneath these membranes. Knocking down of otogl with morpholinos in zebrafish leads to sensorineural hearing loss and anatomical changes in the inner ear, supporting that otogelin-like is essential for normal inner ear function. We propose that OTOGL mutations affect the production and/or function of acellular structures of the inner ear, which ultimately leads to sensorineural hearing loss.
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21
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Mackenzie SM, Raible DW. Proliferative regeneration of zebrafish lateral line hair cells after different ototoxic insults. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47257. [PMID: 23094043 PMCID: PMC3475690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory hair cells in the zebrafish lateral line regenerate rapidly and completely after damage. Previous studies have used a variety of ototoxins to kill lateral line hair cells to study different phenomena including mechanisms of hair cell death and regeneration. We sought to directly compare these ototoxins to determine if they differentially affected the rate and amount of hair cell replacement. In addition, previous studies have found evidence of proliferative hair cell regeneration in zebrafish, but both proliferation and non-mitotic direct transdifferentiation have been observed during hair cell regeneration in the sensory epithelia of birds and amphibians. We sought to test whether a similar combination of regenerative mechanisms exist in the fish. We analyzed the time course of regeneration after treatment with different ototoxic compounds and also labeled dividing hair cell progenitors. Certain treatments, including cisplatin and higher concentrations of dissolved copper, significantly delayed regeneration by one or more days. However, cisplatin did not block all regeneration as observed previously in the chick basilar papilla. The particular ototoxin did not appear to affect the mechanism of regeneration, as we observed evidence of recent proliferation in the majority of new hair cells in all cases. Inhibiting proliferation with flubendazole blocked the production of new hair cells and prevented the accumulation of additional precursors, indicating that proliferation has a dominant role during regeneration of lateral line hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Mackenzie
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David W. Raible
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Kondrychyn I, Teh C, Garcia-Lecea M, Guan Y, Kang A, Korzh V. Zebrafish Enhancer TRAP transgenic line database ZETRAP 2.0. Zebrafish 2012; 8:181-2. [PMID: 22181660 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2011.0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our first Zebrafish Enhancer TRAP lines database (ZETRAP) generated a few years ago was a web-based system informing the scientific community about the developmental, genetic, and genomic aspects of transgenic zebrafish lines expressing the cytosolic version of EGFP. These transgenic lines were obtained in a primary screen using Tol2 transposon-mediated transgenesis. Following that, several hundreds transgenics were generated by a systematic "rejump" of the transposon from the two distinct genomic sites. This collection was expanded further by generation of transgenics expressing the membrane-tethered version of a novel red protein KillerRed. These KR transgenics are useful not only to complement the cytosolic GFP in compound GFP/KR transgenics for improved bioimaging. They also could be used to affect cells physiology by tissue-specific optogenetic generation of reactive oxygen species. We have compiled the genomic data and expression patterns of these novel ET transgenic lines in an updated online database--the Zebrafish Enhancer TRAP lines database version 2.0 (ZETRAP 2.0). This improved and expanded version contains the sequence of regions flanking the insertion sites, links to genes in zebrafish genome, and confocal images of embryos/larvae of these transgenics.
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23
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Choudhury D, van Noort D, Iliescu C, Zheng B, Poon KL, Korzh S, Korzh V, Yu H. Fish and Chips: a microfluidic perfusion platform for monitoring zebrafish development. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:892-900. [PMID: 22146879 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20351g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a multi-channel microfluidic perfusion platform for culturing zebrafish embryos and capturing live images of various tissues and organs inside the embryo. The Fish and Chips was micro-fabricated in silicon and glass for reproducibility and accuracy of the microfluidic structure. The microfluidic platform consists of three parts: a microfluidic gradient generator, a row of eight fish tanks, in which the fish embryos are individually placed, and eight output channels. The fluidic gradient generator supports dose-dependent drug and chemical studies. A unique perfusion system ensures a uniform and constant flow of media to the fish tank while the wastes are efficiently removed. The fish tanks restrict the embryo movements, except rotationally, for live imaging of internal tissues and organs. The embryos showed developmental abnormalities under the influence of the drug valproic acid (VPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Choudhury
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, The Nanos, Singapore, Singapore
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24
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Wibowo I, Pinto-Teixeira F, Satou C, Higashijima SI, López-Schier H. Compartmentalized Notch signaling sustains epithelial mirror symmetry. Development 2011; 138:1143-52. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.060566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bilateral symmetric tissues must interpret axial references to maintain their global architecture during growth or repair. The regeneration of hair cells in the zebrafish lateral line, for example, forms a vertical midline that bisects the neuromast epithelium into perfect mirror-symmetric plane-polarized halves. Each half contains hair cells of identical planar orientation but opposite to that of the confronting half. The establishment of bilateral symmetry in this organ is poorly understood. Here, we show that hair-cell regeneration is strongly directional along an axis perpendicular to that of epithelial planar polarity. We demonstrate compartmentalized Notch signaling in neuromasts, and show that directional regeneration depends on the development of hair-cell progenitors in polar compartments that have low Notch activity. High-resolution live cell tracking reveals a novel process of planar cell inversions whereby sibling hair cells invert positions immediately after progenitor cytokinesis, demonstrating that oriented progenitor divisions are dispensable for bilateral symmetry. Notwithstanding the invariably directional regeneration, the planar polarization of the epithelium eventually propagates symmetrically because mature hair cells move away from the midline towards the periphery of the neuromast. We conclude that a strongly anisotropic regeneration process that relies on the dynamic stabilization of progenitor identity in permissive polar compartments sustains bilateral symmetry in the lateral line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Wibowo
- Laboratory of Sensory Cell Biology & Organogenesis, Centre de Regulació Genòmica-CRG, c/Dr Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Filipe Pinto-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Sensory Cell Biology & Organogenesis, Centre de Regulació Genòmica-CRG, c/Dr Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Chie Satou
- National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Higashijima
- National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hernán López-Schier
- Laboratory of Sensory Cell Biology & Organogenesis, Centre de Regulació Genòmica-CRG, c/Dr Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
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