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Navarro-Garcia F. Serine proteases autotransporter of Enterobacteriaceae: Structures, subdomains, motifs, functions, and targets. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:178-193. [PMID: 37392318 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Serine protease autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATE) constitute a superfamily of virulence factors, resembling the trypsin-like superfamily of serine proteases. SPATEs accomplish multiple functions associated to disease development of their hosts, which could be the consequence of SPATE cleavage of host cell components. SPATEs have been divided into class-1 and class-2 based on structural differences and biological effects, including similar substrate specificity, cytotoxic effects on cultured cells, and enterotoxin activity on intestinal tissues for class-1 SPATEs, whereas most class-2 SPATEs exhibit a lectin-like activity with a predilection to degrade a variety of mucins, including leukocyte surface O-glycoproteins and soluble host proteins, resulting in mucosal colonization and immune modulation. In this review, the structure of class-1 and class-2 are analyzed, making emphasis on their putative functional subdomains as well as a description of their function is provided, including prototypical mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Navarro-Garcia
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico, Mexico
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2
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Flores-Sanchez F, Chavez-Dueñas L, Sanchez-Villamil J, Navarro-Garcia F. Pic Protein From Enteroaggregative E. coli Induces Different Mechanisms for Its Dual Activity as a Mucus Secretagogue and a Mucinase. Front Immunol 2020; 11:564953. [PMID: 33281812 PMCID: PMC7705071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.564953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) infection is the formation of an intestinal biofilm, which comprises a mucus layer with immersed bacteria. Pic is an autotransporter secreted by EAEC, and other E. coli pathotypes, and has been involved in two apparently contradictory phenotypes, as a mucus secretagogue and as a mucinase. Here, we investigated this Pic dual activity, mucus secretagogue capability and mucinolytic activity, in human goblet cells that secrete MUC2 and MUC5AC. Pic induced mucus hypersecretion directly in the goblet cells, without other intestinal cell types involved. At the same time, Pic exhibited strong proteolytic activity on the secreted mucins. These activities were independent since a mutation in the serine protease motif (PicS258I) abolished mucin degradation while maintaining the mucus secretagogue activity intact. Furthermore, deoxycholic acid (DCA)-induced mucins were proteolytically degraded when goblet cells were co-incubated with DCA/Pic, while co-incubation with DCA/PicS258I induced a synergistic effect on mucus hypersecretion. Pic was more efficient degrading MUC5AC than MUC2, but no degradation was detected with Pic inactivated at the active site by mutation or pharmacological inhibition. Remarkably, Pic cleaved MUC2 and MUC5AC in the C-terminal domain, leaving N-terminal subproducts, impacting the feature of gel-forming mucins and allowing mucus layer penetration by EAEC. Astonishingly, Pic stimulated rapid mucin secretion in goblet-like cells by activating the intracellular calcium pathway resulting from the PLC signal transduction pathway, leading to the production of DAG and releasing IP3, a second messenger of calcium signaling. Therefore, the dual activity of Pic, as a mucus secretagogue and a mucinase, is relevant in the context of carbon source generation and mucus layer penetration, allowing EAEC to live within the layer of mucus but also access epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Flores-Sanchez
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), México DF, México
| | - Lucia Chavez-Dueñas
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), México DF, México
| | - Javier Sanchez-Villamil
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), México DF, México
| | - Fernando Navarro-Garcia
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), México DF, México
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Czarzasta K, Wojno O, Zera T, Puchalska L, Dobruch J, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A. The influence of post-infarct heart failure and high fat diet on the expression of apelin APJ and vasopressin V1a and V1b receptors. Neuropeptides 2019; 78:101975. [PMID: 31645268 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.101975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vasopressin and apelin are reciprocally regulated hormones which are implicated in the pathophysiology of heart failure and the regulation of metabolism; however, little is known about their interactions under pathological conditions. In this study, we determined how post-infarct heart failure (HF) and a high fat diet (HFD) affect expression of the apelin APJ receptor (APJR) and the V1a (V1aR) and V1b (V1bR) vasopressin receptors in the hypothalamus, the heart, and the retroperitoneal adipose tissue. We performed experiments in male 4-week-old Sprague Dawley rats. The animals received either a normal fat diet (NFD) or a HFD for 8 weeks, then they underwent left coronary artery ligation to induce HF or sham surgery (SO), followed by 4 weeks of NFD or HFD. The HF rats showed higher plasma concentration of NT-proBNP and copeptin. The HF reduced the APJR mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. The APJR and V1aR protein levels in the hypothalamus were regulated both by HF and HFD, while the V1bR protein level in the hypothalamus was mainly influenced by HF. APJR mRNA expression in the heart was significantly higher in rats on HFD, and HFD affected the reduction of the APJR protein level in the right ventricle. The regulation of APJR, V1aR and V1bR expression in the heart and the retroperitoneal adipose tissue were affected by both HF and HFD. Our study demonstrates that HF and HFD cause significant changes in the expression of APJR, V1aR and V1bR, which may have an important influence on the cardiovascular system and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Czarzasta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olena Wojno
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tymoteusz Zera
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Liana Puchalska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Dobruch
- Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Damiano S, Sasso A, De Felice B, Di Gregorio I, La Rosa G, Lupoli GA, Belfiore A, Mondola P, Santillo M. Quercetin Increases MUC2 and MUC5AC Gene Expression and Secretion in Intestinal Goblet Cell-Like LS174T via PLC/PKCα/ERK1-2 Pathway. Front Physiol 2018; 9:357. [PMID: 29681865 PMCID: PMC5897515 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The main dietary flavonoid quercetin, is known to preserve the integrity of gastrointestinal barrier and to have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fibrotic, and other beneficial properties. Many of the biological effects of quercetin appear to be associated to the modulation of cell signaling pathways, rather than to its antioxidant activity. In spite of the large number of data available on the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which quercetin exerts its biological effects, including protection of intestinal barrier function, there is a lack of data about the role of this substance on the expression and/or the secretion of mucins released by intestinal goblet cells. Here we investigated the effects of quercetin on the secretion and the gene expression of the main intestinal gel-forming mucins, MUC2 and MUC5AC, and the signaling mechanisms underlined, in human intestinal goblet cell-like LS174T. We found that quercetin increases intracellular Ca2+ levels and induces MUC2 and MUC5AC secretion in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Quercetin also induces mRNA levels of both secretory mucins. Quercetin stimulation of LS174T cells increases phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)1-2 and protein kinase C (PKC) α and the induction of MUC2 and MUC5AC secretion and mRNA relies on phospholipase C (PLC), PKC, and ERK1-2 signaling pathways since the PLC inhibitor U73122, the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide (BIM) and the ERK1-2 pathway inhibitor PD98059, all revert the stimulatory effects of quercetin. We also demonstrated that the induction of mucin gene expression by quercetin is not limited to goblet cells. Indeed, quercetin induces mRNA levels of MUC2 and MUC5AC via PKCα/ERK1-2 pathway also in the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. These data highlight a novel mechanism thereby quercetin, regulating the secretory function of intestinal goblet cells and mucin levels in enterocytes may exert its protective effects on intestinal mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Damiano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Sasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Bruna De Felice
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Gregorio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gelsi A Lupoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Belfiore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Mondola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Santillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Vasopressin regulates the growth of the biliary epithelium in polycystic liver disease. J Transl Med 2016; 96:1147-1155. [PMID: 27571215 PMCID: PMC5480400 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurohypophysial hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) acts by three distinct receptor subtypes: V1a, V1b, and V2. In the liver, AVP is involved in ureogenesis, glycogenolysis, neoglucogenesis and regeneration. No data exist about the presence of AVP in the biliary epithelium. Cholangiocytes are the target cells in a number of animal models of cholestasis, including bile duct ligation (BDL), and in several human pathologies, such as polycystic liver disease characterized by the presence of cysts that bud from the biliary epithelium. In vivo, liver fragments from normal and BDL mice and rats as well as liver samples from normal and ADPKD patients were collected to evaluate: (i) intrahepatic bile duct mass by immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin-19; and (ii) expression of V1a, V1b and V2 by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and real-time PCR. In vitro, small and large mouse cholangiocytes, H69 (non-malignant human cholangiocytes) and LCDE (human cholangiocytes from the cystic epithelium) were stimulated with vasopressin in the absence/presence of AVP antagonists such as OPC-31260 and Tolvaptan, before assessing cellular growth by MTT assay and cAMP levels. Cholangiocytes express V2 receptor that was upregulated following BDL and in ADPKD liver samples. Administration of AVP increased proliferation and cAMP levels of small cholangiocytes and LCDE cells. We found no effect in the proliferation of large mouse cholangiocytes and H69 cells. Increases were blocked by preincubation with the AVP antagonists. These results showed that AVP and its receptors may be important in the modulation of the proliferation rate of the biliary epithelium.
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Dayanithi G, Verkhratsky A. Calcium signalling in stem cells: Molecular physiology and multiple roles. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:55-6. [PMID: 26960937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Govindan Dayanithi
- Department of Molecular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-U1198, Université Montpellier, Montpellier 34095, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes-Sorbonne, Les Patios Saint-Jacques, 4-14 rue Ferrus, Paris 75014, France.
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- University of Manchester, School of Biological Sciences, D.4417 Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain; University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia; Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain.
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