1
|
Muth LT, Van Bogaert INA. Let it stick: Strategies and applications for intracellular plasma membrane targeting of proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 2024; 41:315-329. [PMID: 38444057 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid binding domains and protein lipidations are essential features to recruit proteins to intracellular membranes, enabling them to function at specific sites within the cell. Membrane association can also be exploited to answer fundamental and applied research questions, from obtaining insights into the understanding of lipid metabolism to employing them for metabolic engineering to redirect fluxes. This review presents a broad catalog of membrane binding strategies focusing on the plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both lipid binding domains (pleckstrin homology, discoidin-type C2, kinase associated-1, basic-rich and bacterial phosphoinositide-binding domains) and co- and post-translational lipidations (prenylation, myristoylation and palmitoylation) are introduced as tools to target the plasma membrane. To provide a toolset of membrane targeting modules, respective candidates that facilitate plasma membrane targeting are showcased including their in vitro and in vivo properties. The relevance and versatility of plasma membrane targeting modules are further highlighted by presenting a selected set of use cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liv Teresa Muth
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tóth DJ, Tóth JT, Damouni A, Hunyady L, Várnai P. Effect of hormone-induced plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate depletion on receptor endocytosis suggests the importance of local regulation in phosphoinositide signaling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:291. [PMID: 38168911 PMCID: PMC10761818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) has been shown to be critical for the endocytosis of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We have previously demonstrated that depletion of PIP2 by chemically induced plasma membrane (PM) recruitment of a 5-phosphatase domain prevents the internalization of the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) from the PM to early endosomes. In this study, we tested the effect of hormone-induced PM PIP2 depletion on β2AR internalization using type-1 angiotensin receptor (AT1R) or M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R). We followed the endocytic route of β2ARs in HEK 293T cells using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer between the receptor and endosome marker Rab5. To compare the effect of lipid depletion by different means, we created and tested an AT1R fusion protein that is capable of both recruitment-based and hormone-induced depletion methods. The rate of PM PIP2 depletion was measured using a biosensor based on the PH domain of phospholipase Cδ1. As expected, β2AR internalization was inhibited when PIP2 depletion was evoked by recruiting 5-phosphatase to PM-anchored AT1R. A similar inhibition occurred when wild-type AT1R was activated by adding angiotensin II. However, stimulation of the desensitization/internalization-impaired mutant AT1R (TSTS/4A) caused very little inhibition of β2AR internalization, despite the higher rate of measurable PIP2 depletion. Interestingly, inhibition of PIP2 resynthesis with the selective PI4KA inhibitor GSK-A1 had little effect on the change in PH-domain-measured PM PIP2 levels but did significantly decrease β2AR internalization upon either AT1R or M3R activation, indicating the importance of a locally synthetized phosphoinositide pool in the regulation of this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dániel J Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SU Molecular Physiology Research Group, Hungarian Research Network and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József T Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094, Hungary
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Üllői út 78/B, 1082, Hungary
| | - Amir Damouni
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094, Hungary
| | - László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094, Hungary
- Institute of Enzymology, Centre of Excellence of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Hungary
| | - Péter Várnai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094, Hungary.
- HUN-REN-SU Molecular Physiology Research Group, Hungarian Research Network and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu Y, Zhang RQ, Liu SL, Wang ZG. In-situ quantification of lipids in live cells through imaging approaches. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 240:115649. [PMID: 37678059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are important molecules that are widely distributed within the cell, and they play a crucial role in several biological processes such as cell membrane formation, signaling, cell motility and division. Monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of cellular lipids in real-time and quantifying their concentrations in situ is crucial since the local concentration of lipids initiates various signaling pathways that regulate cellular processes. In this review, we first introduced the historical background of lipid quantification methods. We then delve into the current state of the art of in situ lipid quantification, including the establishment and utility of fluorescence imaging techniques based on sensors of lipid-binding domains labeled with organic dyes or fluorescent proteins, and Raman and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques that do not require lipid labeling. Next, we highlighted the biological applications of live-cell lipid quantification techniques in the study of in situ lipid distribution, lipid transformation, and lipid-mediated signaling pathways. Finally, we discussed the technical challenges and prospects for the development of lipid quantification in live cells, with the aim of promoting the development of in situ lipid quantification in live cells, which may have a profound impact on the biological and medical fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rui-Qiao Zhang
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Lipids are key components of all organisms. We are well educated in their use as fuel and their essential role to form membranes. We also know much about their biosynthesis and metabolism. We are also aware that most lipids have signaling character meaning that a change in their concentration or location constitutes a signal that helps a living cell to respond to changes in the environment or to fulfill its specific function ranging from secretion to cell division. What is much less understood is how lipids change location in cells over time and what other biomolecules they interact with at each stage of their lifetime. Due to the large number of often quite similar lipid species and the sometimes very short lifetime of signaling lipids, we need highly specific tools to manipulate and visualize lipids and lipid-protein interactions. If successfully applied, these tools provide fabulous opportunities for discovery.In this Account, I summarize the development of synthetic tools from our lab that were designed to address crucial properties that allow them to function as tools in live cell experiments. Techniques to change the concentration of lipids by adding a small molecule or by light are described and complemented by examples of biological findings made when applying the tools. This ranges from chemical dimerizer-based systems to synthetic "caged" lipid derivatives. Furthermore, I discuss the problem of locating a lipid in an intact cell. Synthetic molecular probes are described that help to unravel the lipid location and to determine their binding proteins. These location studies require in-cell lipid tagging by click chemistry, photo-cross-linking to prevent further movement and the "caging" groups to avoid premature metabolism. The combination of these many technical features in a single tool allows for the analysis of not only lipid fluxes through metabolism but also lipid transport from one membrane to another as well as revealing the lipid interactome in a cell-dependent manner. This latter point is crucial because with these multifunctional tools in combination with lipidomics we can now address differences in healthy versus diseased cells and ultimately find the changes that are essential for disease development and new therapeutics that prevent these changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schultz
- Department of Chemical Physiology and
Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science
University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rosenhouse-Dantsker A, Gazgalis D, Logothetis DE. PI(4,5)P 2 and Cholesterol: Synthesis, Regulation, and Functions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1422:3-59. [PMID: 36988876 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) is the most abundant membrane phosphoinositide and cholesterol is an essential component of the plasma membrane (PM). Both lipids play key roles in a variety of cellular functions including as signaling molecules and major regulators of protein function. This chapter provides an overview of these two important lipids. Starting from a brief description of their structure, synthesis, and regulation, the chapter continues to describe the primary functions and signaling processes in which PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol are involved. While PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol can act independently, they often act in concert or affect each other's impact. The chapters in this volume on "Cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2 in Vital Biological Functions: From Coexistence to Crosstalk" focus on the emerging relationship between cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2 in a variety of biological systems and processes. In this chapter, the next section provides examples from the ion channel field demonstrating that PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol can act via common mechanisms. The chapter ends with a discussion of future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitris Gazgalis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diomedes E Logothetis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu Y, Zhang RQ, Wang ZG, Liu SL. In Situ Quantification of Lipids in Live Cells by Using Lipid-Binding Domain-Based Biosensors. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2076-2087. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Qiao Zhang
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jensen JB, Falkenburger BH, Dickson EJ, de la Cruz L, Dai G, Myeong J, Jung SR, Kruse M, Vivas O, Suh BC, Hille B. Biophysical physiology of phosphoinositide rapid dynamics and regulation in living cells. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:e202113074. [PMID: 35583815 PMCID: PMC9121023 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202113074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide membrane lipids are ubiquitous low-abundance signaling molecules. They direct many physiological processes that involve ion channels, membrane identification, fusion of membrane vesicles, and vesicular endocytosis. Pools of these lipids are continually broken down and refilled in living cells, and the rates of some of these reactions are strongly accelerated by physiological stimuli. Recent biophysical experiments described here measure and model the kinetics and regulation of these lipid signals in intact cells. Rapid on-line monitoring of phosphoinositide metabolism is made possible by optical tools and electrophysiology. The experiments reviewed here reveal that as for other cellular second messengers, the dynamic turnover and lifetimes of membrane phosphoinositides are measured in seconds, controlling and timing rapid physiological responses, and the signaling is under strong metabolic regulation. The underlying mechanisms of this metabolic regulation remain questions for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill B. Jensen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Eamonn J. Dickson
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Lizbeth de la Cruz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Gucan Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jongyun Myeong
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Martin Kruse
- Department of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Bates College, Lewiston, ME
| | - Oscar Vivas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Byung-Chang Suh
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bertil Hille
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu H, Lin WY, Leibow SR, Morateck AJ, Ahuja M, Muallem S. TRPC3 channel gating by lipids requires localization at the ER/PM junctions defined by STIM1. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:213134. [PMID: 35416932 PMCID: PMC9011324 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202107120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPC3, a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of cation channels, is a lipid-regulated, Ca2+-permeable channel that mediates essential components of the receptor evoked Ca2+ signal. The modes and mechanisms by which lipids regulate TRPC3 and other members of the TRPC channel family are not well understood. Here, we report that PI(4,5)P2 regulates TRPC3 in three independent modes. PLC-dependent hydrolysis generates diacylglycerol (DAG) that interacts with lipid-binding site 2 in the channel pore. PI(4,5)P2 interacts with lipid site 1 to inhibit TRPC3 opening and regulate access of DAG to the pore lipid site 2. PI(4,5)P2 is required for regulating pore ionic selectivity by receptor stimulation. Notably, the activation and regulation of TRPC3 by PI(4,5)P2 require recruitment of TRPC3 to the ER/PM junctions at a PI(4,5)P2-rich domain. Accordingly, we identified an FFAT site at the TRPC3 N-terminal loop within the linker helices that envelope the C-terminus pole helix. The FFAT site interacts with the ER-resident VAPB to recruit TRPC3 to the ER/PM junctions and control its receptor-mediated activation. The TRPC3’s lipid interacting sites are fully conserved in TRPC6 and TRPC7 and in part in other TRPC channels. These findings inform on multiple modes of regulation of ion channels by lipids that may be relevant to diseases affected by aberrant TRPC channel functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Liu
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Wei-Yin Lin
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Spencer R Leibow
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alexander J Morateck
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Malini Ahuja
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
de la Cruz L, Kushmerick C, Sullivan JM, Kruse M, Vivas O. Hippocampal neurons maintain a large PtdIns(4)P pool that results in faster PtdIns(4,5)P2 synthesis. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:213016. [PMID: 35179558 PMCID: PMC8906353 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202113001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PtdIns(4,5)P2 is a signaling lipid central to the regulation of multiple cellular functions. It remains unknown how PtdIns(4,5)P2 fulfills various functions in different cell types, such as regulating neuronal excitability, synaptic release, and astrocytic function. Here, we compared the dynamics of PtdIns(4,5)P2 synthesis in hippocampal neurons and astrocytes with the kidney-derived tsA201 cell line. The experimental approach was to (1) measure the abundance and rate of PtdIns(4,5)P2 synthesis and precursors using specific biosensors, (2) measure the levels of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and its precursors using mass spectrometry, and (3) use a mathematical model to compare the metabolism of PtdIns(4,5)P2 in cell types with different proportions of phosphoinositides. The rate of PtdIns(4,5)P2 resynthesis in hippocampal neurons after depletion by cholinergic or glutamatergic stimulation was three times faster than for tsA201 cells. In tsA201 cells, resynthesis of PtdIns(4,5)P2 was dependent on the enzyme PI4K. In contrast, in hippocampal neurons, the resynthesis rate of PtdIns(4,5)P2 was insensitive to the inhibition of PI4K, indicating that it does not require de novo synthesis of the precursor PtdIns(4)P. Measurement of phosphoinositide abundance indicated a larger pool of PtdIns(4)P, suggesting that hippocampal neurons maintain sufficient precursor to restore PtdIns(4,5)P2 levels. Quantitative modeling indicates that the measured differences in PtdIns(4)P pool size and higher activity of PI4K can account for the experimental findings and indicates that high PI4K activity prevents depletion of PtdIns(4)P. We further show that the resynthesis of PtdIns(4,5)P2 is faster in neurons than astrocytes, providing context to the relevance of cell type–specific mechanisms to sustain PtdIns(4,5)P2 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth de la Cruz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Christopher Kushmerick
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jane M Sullivan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Martin Kruse
- Department of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Bates College, Lewiston, ME
| | - Oscar Vivas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Reinisch KM, Prinz WA. Mechanisms of nonvesicular lipid transport. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211813. [PMID: 33605998 PMCID: PMC7901144 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202012058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have long known that lipids traffic between cellular membranes via vesicles but have only recently appreciated the role of nonvesicular lipid transport. Nonvesicular transport can be high volume, supporting biogenesis of rapidly expanding membranes, or more targeted and precise, allowing cells to rapidly alter levels of specific lipids in membranes. Most such transport probably occurs at membrane contact sites, where organelles are closely apposed, and requires lipid transport proteins (LTPs), which solubilize lipids to shield them from the aqueous phase during their transport between membranes. Some LTPs are cup like and shuttle lipid monomers between membranes. Others form conduits allowing lipid flow between membranes. This review describes what we know about nonvesicular lipid transfer mechanisms while also identifying many remaining unknowns: How do LTPs facilitate lipid movement from and into membranes, do LTPs require accessory proteins for efficient transfer in vivo, and how is directionality of transport determined?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin M Reinisch
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - William A Prinz
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Müller R, Kojic A, Citir M, Schultz C. Synthesis and Cellular Labeling of Multifunctional Phosphatidylinositol Bis- and Trisphosphate Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19759-19765. [PMID: 34075669 PMCID: PMC8390440 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized the first multifunctionalized phosphoinositide polyphosphate derivatives featuring a photo-removable protecting group ("cage"), a photo-crosslinkable diazirine group, and a terminal alkyne group useful for click chemistry. We demonstrate that the lipid derivatives readily enter cells. After photo-crosslinking, cell fixation and fluorescent tagging via click chemistry, we determined the intracellular location of the lipid derivatives before and after uncaging of the lipids. We find that there is rapid trafficking of PI(3,4)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 derivatives to the plasma membrane, opening the intriguing possibility that there is active transport of these lipids involved. We employed the photo-crosslinking and click chemistry functions to analyze the proteome of PI(3,4,5)P3 -binding proteins. From the latter, we validated by RNAi that the putative lipid binding proteins ATP11A and MPP6 are involved in the transport of PI(3,4,5)P3 to the plasma membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Müller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)Cell Biology & Biophysics UnitMeyerhofstr. 169117HeidelbergGermany
| | - Ana Kojic
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)Cell Biology & Biophysics UnitMeyerhofstr. 169117HeidelbergGermany
- Faculty of BiosciencesCollaboration for Joint Ph.D. Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University69117HeidelbergGermany
- Oregon Health & Science UniversityDepartment of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry3181 SW Sam Jackson Park RdPortlandOR97239-3098USA
| | - Mevlut Citir
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)Cell Biology & Biophysics UnitMeyerhofstr. 169117HeidelbergGermany
- Faculty of BiosciencesCollaboration for Joint Ph.D. Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University69117HeidelbergGermany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)Cell Biology & Biophysics UnitMeyerhofstr. 169117HeidelbergGermany
- Oregon Health & Science UniversityDepartment of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry3181 SW Sam Jackson Park RdPortlandOR97239-3098USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Müller R, Kojic A, Citir M, Schultz C. Synthesis and Cellular Labeling of Multifunctional Phosphatidylinositol Bis‐ and Trisphosphate Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Müller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Cell Biology & Biophysics Unit Meyerhofstr. 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Ana Kojic
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Cell Biology & Biophysics Unit Meyerhofstr. 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences Collaboration for Joint Ph.D. Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University 69117 Heidelberg Germany
- Oregon Health & Science University Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd Portland OR 97239-3098 USA
| | - Mevlut Citir
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Cell Biology & Biophysics Unit Meyerhofstr. 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences Collaboration for Joint Ph.D. Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University 69117 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Cell Biology & Biophysics Unit Meyerhofstr. 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany
- Oregon Health & Science University Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd Portland OR 97239-3098 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kundu R, Chandra A, Datta A. Fluorescent Chemical Tools for Tracking Anionic Phospholipids. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajasree Kundu
- Department of Chemical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba Mumbai 400005 India
| | - Amitava Chandra
- Department of Chemical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba Mumbai 400005 India
| | - Ankona Datta
- Department of Chemical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba Mumbai 400005 India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Effertz T, Moser T, Oliver D. Recent advances in cochlear hair cell nanophysiology: subcellular compartmentalization of electrical signaling in compact sensory cells. Fac Rev 2021; 9:24. [PMID: 33659956 PMCID: PMC7886071 DOI: 10.12703/r/9-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, genetics, physiology, and structural biology have advanced into the molecular details of the sensory physiology of auditory hair cells. Inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs) mediate two key functions: active amplification and non-linear compression of cochlear vibrations by OHCs and sound encoding by IHCs at their afferent synapses with the spiral ganglion neurons. OHCs and IHCs share some molecular physiology, e.g. mechanotransduction at the apical hair bundles, ribbon-type presynaptic active zones, and ionic conductances in the basolateral membrane. Unique features enabling their specific function include prestin-based electromotility of OHCs and indefatigable transmitter release at the highest known rates by ribbon-type IHC active zones. Despite their compact morphology, the molecular machineries that either generate electrical signals or are driven by these signals are essentially all segregated into local subcellular structures. This review provides a brief account on recent insights into the molecular physiology of cochlear hair cells with a specific focus on organization into membrane domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Effertz
- InnerEarLab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37099 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Moser
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37099 Göttingen, Germany
- Auditory Neuroscience Group, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Synaptic Nanophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Oliver
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps University, Deutschhausstraße 2, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Universities of Marburg and Giessen, Germany
- DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodelling, GRK 2213, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Ion channel are embedded in the lipid bilayers of biological membranes. Membrane phospholipids constitute a barrier to ion movement, and they have been considered for a long time as a passive environment for channel proteins. Membrane phospholipids, however, do not only serve as a passive amphipathic environment, but they also modulate channel activity by direct specific lipid-protein interactions. Phosphoinositides are quantitatively minor components of biological membranes, and they play roles in many cellular functions, including membrane traffic, cellular signaling and cytoskeletal organization. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] is mainly found in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Its role as a potential ion channel regulator was first appreciated over two decades ago and by now this lipid is a well-established cofactor or regulator of many different ion channels. The past two decades witnessed the steady development of techniques to study ion channel regulation by phosphoinositides with progress culminating in recent cryoEM structures that allowed visualization of how PI(4,5)P2 opens some ion channels. This chapter will provide an overview of the methods to study regulation by phosphoinositides, focusing on plasma membrane ion channels and PI(4,5)P2.
Collapse
|
16
|
Schneider F, Colin-York H, Fritzsche M. Quantitative Bio-Imaging Tools to Dissect the Interplay of Membrane and Cytoskeletal Actin Dynamics in Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 11:612542. [PMID: 33505401 PMCID: PMC7829180 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.612542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular function is reliant on the dynamic interplay between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. This critical relationship is of particular importance in immune cells, where both the cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane work in concert to organize and potentiate immune signaling events. Despite their importance, there remains a critical gap in understanding how these respective dynamics are coupled, and how this coupling in turn may influence immune cell function from the bottom up. In this review, we highlight recent optical technologies that could provide strategies to investigate the simultaneous dynamics of both the cytoskeleton and membrane as well as their interplay, focusing on current and future applications in immune cells. We provide a guide of the spatio-temporal scale of each technique as well as highlighting novel probes and labels that have the potential to provide insights into membrane and cytoskeletal dynamics. The quantitative biophysical tools presented here provide a new and exciting route to uncover the relationship between plasma membrane and cytoskeletal dynamics that underlies immune cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falk Schneider
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Huw Colin-York
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cabral-Dias R, Awadeh Y, Botelho RJ, Antonescu CN. Detection of Plasma Membrane Phosphoinositide Dynamics Using Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Protein Probes. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2251:73-89. [PMID: 33481232 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1142-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol produces seven distinct but interconvertible phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs). Each PIP exhibits specific enrichment in a subset of membrane compartments as a result of dynamic phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by lipid kinases and phosphatases, and/or by vesicle-mediated transport. Several PIPs are found within the plasma membrane, such as phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate [PI(4)P], phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P2], and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), and these control many aspects of cell physiology, including receptor signaling and membrane traffic. As a result, measurement of the cell surface abundance of these PIPs is a valuable resource to allow understanding of the regulation and function of these cell surface lipids. Here, we describe methods based on quantification of the localization of genetically encoded fluorescent PIP probes to the cell surface by either spinning disc confocal microscopy or total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy that allow detection of changes in cell surface levels of PI(4,5)P2, PI(3,4)P2, and PIP3. These methods can also be applied to the measurement of other PIPs or lipid species at the cell surface, and thus represent a useful resource for the study of the cell biology of PIPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Cabral-Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and the Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yasmin Awadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and the Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and the Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Costin N Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and the Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Lipids, like phosphoinositides, can be visualized in living cells in real time using genetically encoded biosensors and fluorescence microscopy. Sensor localization can be quantified by determining the fluorescence intensity of each fluorophore. Enrichment of lipids at membranes can be determined by generating and applying an organelle-specific binary mask. In this chapter, we provide a detailed list of reagents and methods to visualize and quantify relative lipid levels. Applying this approach, changes in lipid levels can be assessed in cases when lipid metabolizing enzymes are mutated or otherwise altered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Wills
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Pacheco
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gerald R V Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pemberton JG, Kim YJ, Humpolickova J, Eisenreichova A, Sengupta N, Toth DJ, Boura E, Balla T. Defining the subcellular distribution and metabolic channeling of phosphatidylinositol. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133809. [PMID: 32211894 PMCID: PMC7054996 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201906130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (PI) is an essential structural component of eukaryotic membranes that also serves as the common precursor for polyphosphoinositide (PPIn) lipids. Despite the recognized importance of PPIn species for signal transduction and membrane homeostasis, there is still a limited understanding of the relationship between PI availability and the turnover of subcellular PPIn pools. To address these shortcomings, we established a molecular toolbox for investigations of PI distribution within intact cells by exploiting the properties of a bacterial enzyme, PI-specific PLC (PI-PLC). Using these tools, we find a minor presence of PI in membranes of the ER, as well as a general enrichment within the cytosolic leaflets of the Golgi complex, peroxisomes, and outer mitochondrial membrane, but only detect very low steady-state levels of PI within the plasma membrane (PM) and endosomes. Kinetic studies also demonstrate the requirement for sustained PI supply from the ER for the maintenance of monophosphorylated PPIn species within the PM, Golgi complex, and endosomal compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua G Pemberton
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yeun Ju Kim
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jana Humpolickova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Eisenreichova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nivedita Sengupta
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel J Toth
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Evzen Boura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Balla T, Kim YJ, Alvarez-Prats A, Pemberton J. Lipid Dynamics at Contact Sites Between the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Other Organelles. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2020; 35:85-109. [PMID: 31590585 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids are synthesized primarily within the endoplasmic reticulum and are subsequently distributed to various subcellular membranes to maintain the unique lipid composition of specific organelles. As a result, in most cases, the steady-state localization of membrane phospholipids does not match their site of synthesis. This raises the question of how diverse lipid species reach their final membrane destinations and what molecular processes provide the energy to maintain the lipid gradients that exist between various membrane compartments. Recent studies have highlighted the role of inositol phospholipids in the nonvesicular transport of lipids at membrane contact sites. This review attempts to summarize our current understanding of these complex lipid dynamics and highlights their implications for defining future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| | - Yeun Ju Kim
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| | - Alejandro Alvarez-Prats
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| | - Joshua Pemberton
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Krahn MP. Phospholipids of the Plasma Membrane - Regulators or Consequence of Cell Polarity? Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:277. [PMID: 32411703 PMCID: PMC7198698 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity is a key feature of many eukaryotic cells, including neurons, epithelia, endothelia and asymmetrically dividing stem cells. Apart from the specific localization of proteins to distinct domains of the plasma membrane, most of these cells exhibit an asymmetric distribution of phospholipids within the plasma membrane too. Notably, research over the last years has revealed that many known conserved regulators of apical-basal polarity in epithelial cells are capable of binding to phospholipids, which in turn regulate the localization and to some extent the function of these proteins. Conversely, phospholipid-modifying enzymes are recruited and controlled by polarity regulators, demonstrating an elaborated balance between asymmetrically localized proteins and phospholipids, which are enriched in certain (micro)domains of the plasma membrane. In this review, we will focus on our current understanding of apical-basal polarity and the implication of phospholipids within the plasma membrane during the cell polarization of epithelia and migrating cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Krahn
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Medical Clinic D, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gulyás G, Sohn M, Kim YJ, Várnai P, Balla T. ORP3 phosphorylation regulates phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and Ca 2+ dynamics at plasma membrane-ER contact sites. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.237388. [PMID: 32041906 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.237388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related proteins (ORPs) mediate non-vesicular lipid transfer between intracellular membranes. Phosphoinositide (PI) gradients play important roles in the ability of OSBP and some ORPs to transfer cholesterol and phosphatidylserine between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and other organelle membranes. Here, we show that plasma membrane (PM) association of ORP3 (also known as OSBPL3), a poorly characterized ORP family member, is triggered by protein kinase C (PKC) activation, especially when combined with Ca2+ increases, and is determined by both PI(4,5)P 2 and PI4P After activation, ORP3 efficiently extracts PI4P and to a lesser extent phosphatidic acid from the PM, and slightly increases PM cholesterol levels. Full activation of ORP3 resulted in decreased PM PI4P levels and inhibited Ca2+ entry via the store-operated Ca2+ entry pathway. The C-terminal region of ORP3 that follows the strictly defined lipid transfer domain was found to be critical for the proper localization and function of the protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Gulyás
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mira Sohn
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yeun Ju Kim
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Péter Várnai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Palamiuc L, Ravi A, Emerling BM. Phosphoinositides in autophagy: current roles and future insights. FEBS J 2019; 287:222-238. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Palamiuc
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program La JollaCA USA
| | - Archna Ravi
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program La JollaCA USA
| | - Brooke M. Emerling
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program La JollaCA USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ghosh A, Sharma S, Shinde D, Ramya V, Raghu P. A novel mass assay to measure phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate from cells and tissues. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20192502. [PMID: 31652444 PMCID: PMC6822513 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate (PI5P) is a low abundance lipid proposed to have functions in cell migration, DNA damage responses, receptor trafficking and insulin signalling in metazoans. However, studies of PI5P function are limited by the lack of scalable techniques to quantify its level from cells and tissues in multicellular organisms. Currently, PI5P measurement requires the use of radionuclide labelling approaches that are not easily applicable in tissues or in vivo samples. In the present study, we describe a simple and reliable, non-radioactive mass assay to measure total PI5P levels from cells and tissues of Drosophila, a genetically tractable multicellular model. We use heavy oxygen-labelled ATP (18O-ATP) to label PI5P from tissue extracts while converting it into PI(4,5)P2 using an in vitro kinase reaction. The product of this reaction can be selectively detected and quantified with high sensitivity using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) platform. Further, using this method, we capture and quantify the unique acyl chain composition of PI5P from Drosophila cells and tissues. Finally, we demonstrate the use of this technique to quantify elevations in PI5P levels, from Drosophila larval tissues and cultured cells depleted of phosphatidylinositol 5 phosphate 4-kinase (PIP4K), that metabolizes PI5P into PI(4,5)P2 thus regulating its levels. Thus, we demonstrate the potential of our method to quantify PI5P levels with high sensitivity from cells and tissues of multicellular organisms thus accelerating understanding of PI5P functions in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Ghosh
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Sanjeev Sharma
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Dhananjay Shinde
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Visvanathan Ramya
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Padinjat Raghu
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nakada-Tsukui K, Watanabe N, Maehama T, Nozaki T. Phosphatidylinositol Kinases and Phosphatases in Entamoeba histolytica. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:150. [PMID: 31245297 PMCID: PMC6563779 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) metabolism is indispensable in eukaryotes. Phosphoinositides (PIs) are phosphorylated derivatives of PtdIns and consist of seven species generated by reversible phosphorylation of the inositol moieties at the positions 3, 4, and 5. Each of the seven PIs has a unique subcellular and membrane domain distribution. In the enteric protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, it has been previously shown that the PIs phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P), PtdIns(4,5)P2, and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 are localized to phagosomes/phagocytic cups, plasma membrane, and phagocytic cups, respectively. The localization of these PIs in E. histolytica is similar to that in mammalian cells, suggesting that PIs have orthologous functions in E. histolytica. In contrast, the conservation of the enzymes that metabolize PIs in this organism has not been well-documented. In this review, we summarized the full repertoire of the PI kinases and PI phosphatases found in E. histolytica via a genome-wide survey of the current genomic information. E. histolytica appears to have 10 PI kinases and 23 PI phosphatases. It has a panel of evolutionarily conserved enzymes that generate all the seven PI species. However, class II PI 3-kinases, type II PI 4-kinases, type III PI 5-phosphatases, and PI 4P-specific phosphatases are not present. Additionally, regulatory subunits of class I PI 3-kinases and type III PI 4-kinases have not been identified. Instead, homologs of class I PI 3-kinases and PTEN, a PI 3-phosphatase, exist as multiple isoforms, which likely reflects that elaborate signaling cascades mediated by PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 are present in this organism. There are several enzymes that have the nuclear localization signal: one phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) kinase, two PI 3-phosphatases, and one PI 5-phosphatase; this suggests that PI metabolism also has conserved roles related to nuclear functions in E. histolytica, as it does in model organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuki Watanabe
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Maehama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
PIP-ing Lipids on Membranes: PTEN Takes the Cake. Mol Cell 2019; 68:471-472. [PMID: 29100049 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Molecular Cell, Malek et al. (2017) describe a novel HPLC-MS method permitting separation of PI(3,4)P2 and PI(4,5)P2, a technical issue hindering the phosphoinositide signaling field. They use this method to uncover a new target and critical role for PTEN in cancer.
Collapse
|
27
|
Baba T, Toth DJ, Sengupta N, Kim YJ, Balla T. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate controls Rab7 and PLEKHM1 membrane cycling during autophagosome-lysosome fusion. EMBO J 2019; 38:e100312. [PMID: 31368593 PMCID: PMC6463214 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Rab7 is a key organizer of receptor sorting and lysosomal degradation by recruiting of a variety of effectors depending on its GDP/GTP-bound state. However, molecular mechanisms that trigger Rab7 inactivation remain elusive. Here we find that, among the endosomal pools, Rab7-positive compartments possess the highest level of PI4P, which is primarily produced by PI4K2A kinase. Acute conversion of this endosomal PI4P to PI(4,5)P2 causes Rab7 dissociation from late endosomes and releases a regulator of autophagosome-lysosome fusion, PLEKHM1, from the membrane. Rab7 effectors Vps35 and RILP are not affected by acute PI(4,5)P2 production. Deletion of PI4K2A greatly reduces PIP5Kγ-mediated PI(4,5)P2 production in Rab7-positive endosomes leading to impaired Rab7 inactivation and increased number of LC3-positive structures with defective autophagosome-lysosome fusion. These results reveal a late endosomal PI4P-PI(4,5)P2 -dependent regulatory loop that impacts autophagosome flux by affecting Rab7 cycling and PLEKHM1 association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Baba
- Section on Molecular Signal TransductionProgram for Developmental NeuroscienceEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Daniel J Toth
- Section on Molecular Signal TransductionProgram for Developmental NeuroscienceEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Nivedita Sengupta
- Section on Molecular Signal TransductionProgram for Developmental NeuroscienceEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Yeun Ju Kim
- Section on Molecular Signal TransductionProgram for Developmental NeuroscienceEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal TransductionProgram for Developmental NeuroscienceEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gawden-Bone CM, Griffiths GM. Phospholipids: Pulling Back the Actin Curtain for Granule Delivery to the Immune Synapse. Front Immunol 2019; 10:700. [PMID: 31031745 PMCID: PMC6470250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides, together with the phospholipids phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid, are important components of the plasma membrane acting as second messengers that, with diacylglycerol, regulate a diverse range of signaling events converting extracellular changes into cellular responses. Local changes in their distribution and membrane charge on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane play important roles in immune cell function. Here we discuss their distribution and regulators highlighting the importance of membrane changes across the immune synapse on the cytoskeleton and the impact on the function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gillian M Griffiths
- Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Lipids convey both structural and functional properties to eukaryotic membranes. Understanding the basic lipid composition and the dynamics of these important molecules, in the context of cellular membranes, can shed light on signaling, metabolism, trafficking, and even membrane identity. The development of genetically encoded lipid biosensors has allowed for the visualization of specific lipids inside individual, living cells. However, a number of caveats and considerations have emerged with the overexpression of these biosensors. In this Technical Perspective, we provide a current list of available genetically encoded lipid biosensors, together with criteria that determine their veracity. We also provide some suggestions for the optimal utilization of these biosensors when both designing experiments and interpreting results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Wills
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 16261
| | - Brady D Goulden
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 16261
| | - Gerald R V Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 16261
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sengupta N, Jović M, Barnaeva E, Kim DW, Hu X, Southall N, Dejmek M, Mejdrova I, Nencka R, Baumlova A, Chalupska D, Boura E, Ferrer M, Marugan J, Balla T. A large scale high-throughput screen identifies chemical inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type II alpha. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:683-693. [PMID: 30626625 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d090159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The minor phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), is emerging as a key regulator of lipid transfer in ER-membrane contact sites. Four different phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K) enzymes generate PI4P in different membrane compartments supporting distinct cellular processes, many of which are crucial for the maintenance of cellular integrity but also hijacked by intracellular pathogens. While type III PI4Ks have been targeted by small molecular inhibitors, thus helping decipher their importance in cellular physiology, no inhibitors are available for the type II PI4Ks, which hinders investigations into their cellular functions. Here, we describe the identification of small molecular inhibitors of PI4K type II alpha (PI4K2A) by implementing a large scale small molecule high-throughput screening. A novel assay was developed that allows testing of selected inhibitors against PI4K2A in intact cells using a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer approach adapted to plate readers. The compounds disclosed here will pave the way to the optimization of PI4K2A inhibitors that can be used in cellular and animal studies to better understand the role of this enzyme in both normal and pathological states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Sengupta
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Marko Jović
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Elena Barnaeva
- Division of Preclinical Innovation National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - David W Kim
- Division of Preclinical Innovation National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Xin Hu
- Division of Preclinical Innovation National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Noel Southall
- Division of Preclinical Innovation National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Milan Dejmek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Mejdrova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Baumlova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Chalupska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Boura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Division of Preclinical Innovation National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Juan Marugan
- Division of Preclinical Innovation National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Understanding phosphoinositides: rare, dynamic, and essential membrane phospholipids. Biochem J 2019; 476:1-23. [PMID: 30617162 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyphosphoinositides (PPIs) are essential phospholipids located in the cytoplasmic leaflet of eukaryotic cell membranes. Despite contributing only a small fraction to the bulk of cellular phospholipids, they make remarkable contributions to practically all aspects of a cell's life and death. They do so by recruiting cytoplasmic proteins/effectors or by interacting with cytoplasmic domains of membrane proteins at the membrane-cytoplasm interface to organize and mold organelle identity. The present study summarizes aspects of our current understanding concerning the metabolism, manipulation, measurement, and intimate roles these lipids play in regulating membrane homeostasis and vital cell signaling reactions in health and disease.
Collapse
|
32
|
Tóth JT, Gulyás G, Hunyady L, Várnai P. Development of Nonspecific BRET-Based Biosensors to Monitor Plasma Membrane Inositol Lipids in Living Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1949:23-34. [PMID: 30790246 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9136-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
There are several difficulties to face when investigating the role of phosphoinositides. Although they are present in most organelles, their concentration is very low, sometimes undetectable with the available methods; moreover, their level can quickly change upon several external stimuli. Here we introduce a newly improved lipid sensor tool-set based on the balanced expression of luciferase-fused phosphoinositide recognizing protein domains and a Venus protein targeted to the plasma membrane, allowing us to perform Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) measurements that reflect phosphoinositide changes in a population of transiently transfected cells. This method is highly sensitive, specific, and capable of semiquantitative characterization of plasma membrane phosphoinositide changes with high temporal resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- József T Tóth
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergő Gulyás
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hunyady
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Várnai
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. .,MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pemberton JG, Balla T. Polyphosphoinositide-Binding Domains: Insights from Peripheral Membrane and Lipid-Transfer Proteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1111:77-137. [PMID: 30483964 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Within eukaryotic cells, biochemical reactions need to be organized on the surface of membrane compartments that use distinct lipid constituents to dynamically modulate the functions of integral proteins or influence the selective recruitment of peripheral membrane effectors. As a result of these complex interactions, a variety of human pathologies can be traced back to improper communication between proteins and membrane surfaces; either due to mutations that directly alter protein structure or as a result of changes in membrane lipid composition. Among the known structural lipids found in cellular membranes, phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) is unique in that it also serves as the membrane-anchored precursor of low-abundance regulatory lipids, the polyphosphoinositides (PPIn), which have restricted distributions within specific subcellular compartments. The ability of PPIn lipids to function as signaling platforms relies on both non-specific electrostatic interactions and the selective stereospecific recognition of PPIn headgroups by specialized protein folds. In this chapter, we will attempt to summarize the structural diversity of modular PPIn-interacting domains that facilitate the reversible recruitment and conformational regulation of peripheral membrane proteins. Outside of protein folds capable of capturing PPIn headgroups at the membrane interface, recent studies detailing the selective binding and bilayer extraction of PPIn species by unique functional domains within specific families of lipid-transfer proteins will also be highlighted. Overall, this overview will help to outline the fundamental physiochemical mechanisms that facilitate localized interactions between PPIn lipids and the wide-variety of PPIn-binding proteins that are essential for the coordinate regulation of cellular metabolism and membrane dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua G Pemberton
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Noack LC, Pejchar P, Sekereš J, Jaillais Y, Potocký M. Transient Gene Expression as a Tool to Monitor and Manipulate the Levels of Acidic Phospholipids in Plant Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1992:189-199. [PMID: 31148039 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9469-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anionic phospholipids represent only minor fraction of cell membranes lipids but they are critically important for many membrane-related processes, including membrane identity, charge, shape, the generation of second messengers, and the recruitment of peripheral proteins. The main anionic phospholipids of the plasma membrane are phosphoinositides phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P2), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidic acid (PA). Recent insights in the understanding of the nature of protein-phospholipid interactions enabled the design of genetically encoded fluorescent molecular probes that can interact with various phospholipids in a specific manner allowing their imaging in live cells. Here, we describe the use of transiently transformed plant cells to study phospholipid-dependent membrane recruitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lise C Noack
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRA, Lyon, France
| | - Přemysl Pejchar
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Sekereš
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRA, Lyon, France
| | - Martin Potocký
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of a pneumonia termed Legionnaires' disease. The facultative intracellular bacterium employs the Icm/Dot type IV secretion system (T4SS) and a plethora of translocated "effector" proteins to interfere with host vesicle trafficking pathways and establish a replicative niche, the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV). Internalization of the pathogen and the events immediately ensuing are accompanied by host cell-mediated phosphoinositide (PI) lipid changes and the Icm/Dot-controlled conversion of the LCV from a PtdIns(3)P-positive vacuole into a PtdIns(4)P-positive replication-permissive compartment, which tightly associates with the endoplasmic reticulum. The source and formation of PtdIns(4)P are ill-defined. Using dually labeled Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae and real-time high-resolution confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), we show here that nascent LCVs continuously capture and accumulate PtdIns(4)P-positive vesicles from the host cell. Trafficking of these PtdIns(4)P-positive vesicles to LCVs occurs independently of the Icm/Dot system, but their sustained association requires a functional T4SS. During the infection, PtdIns(3)P-positive membranes become compacted and segregated from the LCV, and PtdIns(3)P-positive vesicles traffic to the LCV but do not fuse. Moreover, using eukaryotic and prokaryotic PtdIns(4)P probes (2×PHFAPP-green fluorescent protein [2×PHFAPP-GFP] and P4CSidC-GFP, respectively) along with Arf1-GFP, we show that PtdIns(4)P-rich membranes of the trans-Golgi network associate with the LCV. Intriguingly, the interaction dynamics of 2×PHFAPP-GFP and P4CSidC-GFP are spatially separable and reveal the specific PtdIns(4)P pool from which the LCV PI originates. These findings provide high-resolution real-time insights into how L. pneumophila exploits the cellular dynamics of membrane-bound PtdIns(4)P for LCV formation.IMPORTANCE The environmental bacterium Legionella pneumophila causes a life-threatening pneumonia termed Legionnaires' disease. The bacteria grow intracellularly in free-living amoebae as well as in respiratory tract macrophages. To this end, L. pneumophila forms a distinct membrane-bound compartment called the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV). Phosphoinositide (PI) lipids are crucial regulators of the identity and dynamics of host cell organelles. The PI lipid PtdIns(4)P is a hallmark of the host cell secretory pathway, and decoration of LCVs with this PI is required for pathogen vacuole maturation. The source, dynamics, and mode of accumulation of PtdIns(4)P on LCVs are largely unknown. Using Dictyostelium amoebae producing different fluorescent probes as host cells, we show here that LCVs rapidly acquire PtdIns(4)P through the continuous interaction with PtdIns(4)P-positive host vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus. Thus, the PI lipid pattern of the secretory pathway contributes to the formation of the replication-permissive pathogen compartment.
Collapse
|
36
|
Monje-Galvan V, Klauda JB. Preferred Binding Mechanism of Osh4’s Amphipathic Lipid-Packing Sensor Motif, Insights from Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:9713-9723. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b07067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
37
|
Gawden-Bone CM, Frazer GL, Richard AC, Ma CY, Strege K, Griffiths GM. PIP5 Kinases Regulate Membrane Phosphoinositide and Actin Composition for Targeted Granule Secretion by Cytotoxic Lymphocytes. Immunity 2018; 49:427-437.e4. [PMID: 30217409 PMCID: PMC6162341 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
How cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) sense T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in order to specialize an area of plasma membrane for granule secretion is not understood. Here, we demonstrate that immune synapse formation led to rapid localized changes in the phosphoinositide composition of the plasma membrane, both reducing phosphoinositide-4-phosphate (PI(4)P), PI(4,5)P2, and PI(3,4,5)P3 and increasing diacylglycerol (DAG) and PI(3,4)P2 within the first 2 min of synapse formation. These changes reduced negative charge across the synapse, triggering the release of electrostatically bound PIP5 kinases that are required to replenish PI(4,5)P2. As PI(4,5)P2 decreased, actin was depleted from the membrane, allowing secretion. Forced localization of PIP5Kβ across the synapse prevented actin depletion, blocking both centrosome docking and secretion. Thus, PIP5Ks act as molecular sensors of TCR activation, controlling actin recruitment across the synapse, ensuring exquisite co-ordination between TCR signaling and CTL secretion. Immune synapse formation triggers rapid changes in the membrane composition and charge PIP5K is a molecular sensor of TCR activation and is rapidly depleted at the synapse PIP5K distribution controls actin recruitment across the immune synapse Membrane specialization controls accessibility for centrosome docking and secretion
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Gawden-Bone
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gordon L Frazer
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Arianne C Richard
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Claire Y Ma
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Katharina Strege
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gillian M Griffiths
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chintaluri K, Goulden BD, Celmenza C, Saffi G, Miraglia E, Hammond GRV, Botelho RJ. The PH domain from the Toxoplasma gondii PH-containing protein-1 (TgPH1) serves as an ectopic reporter of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate in mammalian cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198454. [PMID: 29870544 PMCID: PMC5988325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide (PtdInsP) lipids recruit effector proteins to membranes to mediate a variety of functions including signal transduction and membrane trafficking. Each PtdInsP binds to a specific set of effectors through characteristic protein domains such as the PH, FYVE and PX domains. Domains with high affinity for a single PtdInsP species are useful as probes to visualize the distribution and dynamics of that PtdInsP. The endolysosomal system is governed by two primary PtdInsPs: phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P] and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(3,5)P2], which are thought to localize and control early endosomes and lysosomes/late endosomes, respectively. While PtdIns(3)P has been analysed with mammalian-derived PX and FYVE domains, PtdIns(3,5)P2 indicators remain controversial. Thus, complementary probes against these PtdInsPs are needed, including those originating from non-mammalian proteins. Here, we characterized in mammalian cells the dynamics of the PH domain from PH-containing protein-1 from the parasite Toxoplasma gondii (TgPH1), which was previously shown to bind PtdIns(3,5)P2 in vitro. However, we show that TgPH1 retains membrane-binding in PIKfyve-inhibited cells, suggesting that TgPH1 is not a viable PtdIns(3,5)P2 marker in mammalian cells. Instead, PtdIns(3)P depletion using pharmacological and enzyme-based assays dissociated TgPH1 from membranes. Indeed, TgPH1 co-localized with Rab5-positive early endosomes. In addition, TgPH1 co-localized and behaved similarly to the PX domain of p40phox and FYVE domain of EEA1, which are commonly used as PtdIns(3)P indicators. Collectively, TgPH1 offers a complementary reporter for PtdIns(3)P derived from a non-mammalian protein and that is distinct from commonly employed PX and FYVE domain-based probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Chintaluri
- Department of Chemistry, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brady D. Goulden
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Camilyn Celmenza
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Golam Saffi
- Department of Chemistry, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Miraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerald R. V. Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Roberto J. Botelho
- Department of Chemistry, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liu CH, Bollepalli MK, Long SV, Asteriti S, Tan J, Brill JA, Hardie RC. Genetic dissection of the phosphoinositide cycle in Drosophila photoreceptors. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.214478. [PMID: 29567856 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.214478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phototransduction in Drosophila is mediated by phospholipase C-dependent hydrolysis of PIP2-, and is an important model for phosphoinositide signalling. Although generally assumed to operate by generic machinery conserved from yeast to mammals, some key elements of the phosphoinositide cycle have yet to be identified in Drosophila photoreceptors. Here, we used transgenic flies expressing fluorescently tagged probes (P4M and TbR332H), which allow in vivo quantitative measurements of PI4P and PIP2 dynamics in photoreceptors of intact living flies. Using mutants and RNA interference for candidate genes potentially involved in phosphoinositide turnover, we identified Drosophila PI4KIIIα (CG10260) as the PI4-kinase responsible for PI4P synthesis in the photoreceptor membrane. Our results also indicate that PI4KIIIα activity requires rbo (the Drosophila orthologue of Efr3) and CG8325 (orthologue of YPP1), both of which are implicated as scaffolding proteins necessary for PI4KIIIα activity in yeast and mammals. However, our evidence indicates that the recently reported central role of dPIP5K59B (CG3682) in PIP2 synthesis in the rhabdomeres should be re-evaluated; although PIP2 resynthesis was suppressed by RNAi directed against dPIP5K59B, little or no defect was detected in a reportedly null mutant (dPIP5K18 ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hsiung Liu
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Cambridge University, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - Murali K Bollepalli
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Cambridge University, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel V Long
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Cambridge University, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - Sabrina Asteriti
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Cambridge University, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Tan
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Room 15.9716, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Room 4396, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Julie A Brill
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Room 15.9716, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Room 4396, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Roger C Hardie
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Cambridge University, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sohn M, Korzeniowski M, Zewe JP, Wills RC, Hammond GRV, Humpolickova J, Vrzal L, Chalupska D, Veverka V, Fairn GD, Boura E, Balla T. PI(4,5)P 2 controls plasma membrane PI4P and PS levels via ORP5/8 recruitment to ER-PM contact sites. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1797-1813. [PMID: 29472386 PMCID: PMC5940310 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201710095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sohn et al. show that plasma membrane PI(4,5)P2 controls the level of its precursor, PI4P, by regulating PI4P/PS exchange activity of ORP5/8. This control is achieved via regulation of ORP5/8 interaction with the plasma membrane by both of these phosphoinositides. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) is a critically important regulatory lipid of the plasma membrane (PM); however, little is known about how cells regulate PM PI(4,5)P2 levels. Here, we show that the phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P)/phosphatidylserine (PS) transfer activity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–resident ORP5 and ORP8 is regulated by both PM PI4P and PI(4,5)P2. Dynamic control of ORP5/8 recruitment to the PM occurs through interactions with the N-terminal Pleckstrin homology domains and adjacent basic residues of ORP5/8 with both PI4P and PI(4,5)P2. Although ORP5 activity requires normal levels of these inositides, ORP8 is called on only when PI(4,5)P2 levels are increased. Regulation of the ORP5/8 attachment to the PM by both phosphoinositides provides a powerful means to determine the relative flux of PI4P toward the ER for PS transport and Sac1-mediated dephosphorylation and PIP 5-kinase–mediated conversion to PI(4,5)P2. Using this rheostat, cells can maintain PI(4,5)P2 levels by adjusting the availability of PI4P in the PM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Sohn
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Marek Korzeniowski
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - James P Zewe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rachel C Wills
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Gerald R V Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jana Humpolickova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Vrzal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Chalupska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Veverka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gregory D Fairn
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Evzen Boura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Muallem S, Chung WY, Jha A, Ahuja M. Lipids at membrane contact sites: cell signaling and ion transport. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:1893-1904. [PMID: 29030479 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between organelles is essential to coordinate cellular functions and the cell's response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Organellar communication occurs at membrane contact sites (MCSs), where the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane is tethered to cellular organelle membranes by specific tether proteins and where lipid transfer proteins and cell signaling proteins are located. MCSs have many cellular functions and are the sites of lipid and ion transfer between organelles and generation of second messengers. This review discusses several aspects of MCSs in the context of lipid transfer, formation of lipid domains, generation of Ca2+ and cAMP second messengers, and regulation of ion transporters by lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Woo Young Chung
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Archana Jha
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Malini Ahuja
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Choy CH, Han BK, Botelho RJ. Phosphoinositide Diversity, Distribution, and Effector Function: Stepping Out of the Box. Bioessays 2017; 39. [PMID: 28977683 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PtdInsPs) modulate a plethora of functions including signal transduction and membrane trafficking. PtdInsPs are thought to consist of seven interconvertible species that localize to a specific organelle, to which they recruit a set of cognate effector proteins. Here, in reviewing the literature, we argue that this model needs revision. First, PtdInsPs can carry a variety of acyl chains, greatly boosting their molecular diversity. Second, PtdInsPs are more promiscuous in their localization than is usually acknowledged. Third, PtdInsP interconversion is likely achieved through kinase-phosphatase enzyme complexes that coordinate their activities and channel substrates without affecting bulk substrate population. Additionally, we contend that despite hundreds of PtdInsP effectors, our attention is biased toward few proteins. Lastly, we recognize that PtdInsPs can act to nucleate coincidence detection at the effector level, as in PDK1 and Akt. Overall, better integrated models of PtdInsP regulation and function are not only possible but needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Choy
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B2K3.,Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B2K3
| | - Bong-Kwan Han
- The Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B2K3.,Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B2K3
| |
Collapse
|