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Kim HS, Lee D, Shen S. Endoplasmic reticular stress as an emerging therapeutic target for chronic pain: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:707-724. [PMID: 38378384 PMCID: PMC10925894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a severely debilitating condition with enormous socioeconomic costs. Current treatment regimens with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), steroids, or opioids have been largely unsatisfactory with uncertain benefits or severe long-term side effects. This is mainly because chronic pain has a multifactorial aetiology. Although conventional pain medications can alleviate pain by keeping several dysfunctional pathways under control, they can mask other underlying pathological causes, ultimately worsening nerve pathologies and pain outcome. Recent preclinical studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress could be a central hub for triggering multiple molecular cascades involved in the development of chronic pain. Several ER stress inhibitors and unfolded protein response modulators, which have been tested in randomised clinical trials or apprpoved by the US Food and Drug Administration for other chronic diseases, significantly alleviated hyperalgesia in multiple preclinical pain models. Although the role of ER stress in neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic disorders, and cancer has been well established, research on ER stress and chronic pain is still in its infancy. Here, we critically analyse preclinical studies and explore how ER stress can mechanistically act as a central node to drive development and progression of chronic pain. We also discuss therapeutic prospects, benefits, and pitfalls of using ER stress inhibitors and unfolded protein response modulators for managing intractable chronic pain. In the future, targeting ER stress to impact multiple molecular networks might be an attractive therapeutic strategy against chronic pain refractory to steroids, NSAIDs, or opioids. This novel therapeutic strategy could provide solutions for the opioid crisis and public health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harper S Kim
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Donghwan Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shiqian Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Courjaret R, Prakriya M, Machaca K. SOCE as a regulator of neuronal activity. J Physiol 2024; 602:1449-1462. [PMID: 37029630 DOI: 10.1113/jp283826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a ubiquitous signalling module with established roles in the immune system, secretion and muscle development. Recent evidence supports a complex role for SOCE in the nervous system. In this review we present an update of the current knowledge on SOCE function in the brain with a focus on its role as a regulator of brain activity and excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Courjaret
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Ong HL, Ambudkar IS. "Gatekeepers of heaven" breaking bad. Cell Calcium 2024; 118:102842. [PMID: 38211552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hwei Ling Ong
- Secretory Physiology Section, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Indu S Ambudkar
- Secretory Physiology Section, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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4
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Norman K, Hemmings KE, Shawer H, Appleby HL, Burnett AJ, Hamzah N, Gosain R, Woodhouse EM, Beech DJ, Foster R, Bailey MA. Side-by-side comparison of published small molecule inhibitors against thapsigargin-induced store-operated Ca2+ entry in HEK293 cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296065. [PMID: 38261554 PMCID: PMC10805320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a key second messenger in eukaryotes, with store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) being the main source of Ca2+ influx into non-excitable cells. ORAI1 is a highly Ca2+-selective plasma membrane channel that encodes SOCE. It is ubiquitously expressed in mammals and has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. A number of small molecules have been identified as inhibitors of SOCE with a variety of potential therapeutic uses proposed and validated in vitro and in vivo. These encompass both nonselective Ca2+ channel inhibitors and targeted selective inhibitors of SOCE. Inhibition of SOCE can be quantified both directly and indirectly with a variety of assay setups, making an accurate comparison of the activity of different SOCE inhibitors challenging. We have used a fluorescence based Ca2+ addback assay in native HEK293 cells to generate dose-response data for many published SOCE inhibitors. We were able to directly compare potency. Most compounds were validated with only minor and expected variations in potency, but some were not. This could be due to differences in assay setup relating to the mechanism of action of the inhibitors and highlights the value of a singular approach to compare these compounds, as well as the general need for biorthogonal validation of novel bioactive compounds. The compounds observed to be the most potent against SOCE in our study were: 7-azaindole 14d (12), JPIII (17), Synta-66 (6), Pyr 3 (5), GSK5503A (8), CM4620 (14) and RO2959 (7). These represent the most promising candidates for future development of SOCE inhibitors for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Norman
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E. Hemmings
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Heba Shawer
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Hollie L. Appleby
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J. Burnett
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nurasyikin Hamzah
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Rajendra Gosain
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Emily M. Woodhouse
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Beech
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Foster
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Marc A. Bailey
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
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5
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Suzuki S, Wakano C, Monteilh-Zoller MK, Cullen AJ, Fleig A, Penner R. Cannabigerolic Acid (CBGA) Inhibits the TRPM7 Ion Channel Through its Kinase Domain. FUNCTION 2023; 5:zqad069. [PMID: 38162115 PMCID: PMC10757070 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids are a major class of compounds produced by the plant Cannabis sativa. Previous work has demonstrated that the main cannabinoids cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) can have some beneficial effects on pain, inflammation, epilepsy, and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. While CBD and THC represent the two major plant cannabinoids, some hemp varieties with enzymatic deficiencies produce mainly cannabigerolic acid (CBGA). We recently reported that CBGA has a potent inhibitory effect on both Store-Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE) via inhibition of Calcium Release-Activated Calcium (CRAC) channels as well as currents carried by the channel-kinase TRPM7. Importantly, CBGA prevented kidney damage and suppressed mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines through inhibition of these mechanisms in an acute nephropathic mouse model. In the present study, we investigate the most common major and minor cannabinoids to determine their potential efficacy on TRPM7 channel function. We find that approximately half of the tested cannabinoids suppress TRPM7 currents to some degree, with CBGA having the strongest inhibitory effect on TRPM7. We determined that the CBGA-mediated inhibition of TRPM7 requires a functional kinase domain, is sensitized by both intracellular Mg⋅ATP and free Mg2+ and reduced by increases in intracellular Ca2+. Finally, we demonstrate that CBGA inhibits native TRPM7 channels in a B lymphocyte cell line. In conclusion, we demonstrate that CBGA is the most potent cannabinoid in suppressing TRPM7 activity and possesses therapeutic potential for diseases in which TRPM7 is known to play an important role such as cancer, stroke, and kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Suzuki
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen’s Medical Center, 1301 Punchbowl St., Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Clay Wakano
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen’s Medical Center, 1301 Punchbowl St., Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | | | - Aaron J Cullen
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen’s Medical Center, 1301 Punchbowl St., Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Andrea Fleig
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen’s Medical Center, 1301 Punchbowl St., Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 651 Ilalo St., Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo St., Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Reinhold Penner
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen’s Medical Center, 1301 Punchbowl St., Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 651 Ilalo St., Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo St., Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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6
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Song S, Yuan Y, Xu L, Jiang J, Li Y, Yan Y, Li Q, Zhou F, Cao J, Zhang L. Genetic Architecture and Functional Implications of the CSF-Contacting Nucleus. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1638-1654. [PMID: 37405574 PMCID: PMC10602992 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a unique nucleus, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting nucleus. This study aims to understand its gene architecture and preliminarily suggest its functions. The results showed that there were about 19,666 genes in this nucleus, of which 913 were distinct from the dorsal raphe nucleus (non-CSF contacting). The top 40 highly-expressed genes are mainly related to energy metabolism, protein synthesis, transport, secretion, and hydrolysis. The main neurotransmitter is 5-HT. The receptors of 5-HT and GABA are abundant. The channels for Cl-, Na+, K+, and Ca2+ are routinely expressed. The signaling molecules associated with the CaMK, JAK, and MAPK pathways were identified accurately. In particular, the channels of transient receptor potential associated with nociceptors and the solute carrier superfamily members associated with cell membrane transport were significantly expressed. The relationship between the main genes of the nucleus and life activities is preliminarily verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Song
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, 221008, China
| | - Yumin Yuan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, 221008, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, 221008, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, 221008, China
| | - Ying Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, 221008, China
| | - Yao Yan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, 221008, China
| | - Qing Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, 221008, China
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, 221008, China
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Junli Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, 221008, China
| | - Licai Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, 221008, China.
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7
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Chiliquinga AJ, Acosta B, Ogonaga-Borja I, Villarruel-Melquiades F, de la Garza J, Gariglio P, Ocádiz-Delgado R, Ramírez A, Sánchez-Pérez Y, García-Cuellar CM, Bañuelos C, Camacho J. Ion Channels as Potential Tools for the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of HPV-Associated Cancers. Cells 2023; 12:1376. [PMID: 37408210 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human papilloma virus (HPV) group comprises approximately 200 genetic types that have a special affinity for epithelial tissues and can vary from producing benign symptoms to developing into complicated pathologies, such as cancer. The HPV replicative cycle affects various cellular and molecular processes, including DNA insertions and methylation and relevant pathways related to pRb and p53, as well as ion channel expression or function. Ion channels are responsible for the flow of ions across cell membranes and play very important roles in human physiology, including the regulation of ion homeostasis, electrical excitability, and cell signaling. However, when ion channel function or expression is altered, the channels can trigger a wide range of channelopathies, including cancer. In consequence, the up- or down-regulation of ion channels in cancer makes them attractive molecular markers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of the disease. Interestingly, the activity or expression of several ion channels is dysregulated in HPV-associated cancers. Here, we review the status of ion channels and their regulation in HPV-associated cancers and discuss the potential molecular mechanisms involved. Understanding the dynamics of ion channels in these cancers should help to improve early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment in the benefit of HPV-associated cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenda Acosta
- Grupo de Investigación de Ciencias en Red, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Ingrid Ogonaga-Borja
- Grupo de Investigación de Ciencias en Red, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Villarruel-Melquiades
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Jaime de la Garza
- Unidad de Oncología Torácica y Laboratorio de Medicina Personalizada, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Patricio Gariglio
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Ocádiz-Delgado
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Ana Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Claudia M García-Cuellar
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Bañuelos
- Programa Transdisciplinario en Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico para la Sociedad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Javier Camacho
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico CP 07360, Mexico
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8
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Lückemeyer DD, Prudente AS, de Amorim Ferreira M, da Silva AM, Tonello R, Junior SJM, do Prado CSH, de Castro Júnior CJ, Gomez MV, Calixto JB, Ferreira J. Critical Pronociceptive Role of Family 2 Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in a Novel Mouse Model of HIV-Associated Sensory Neuropathy. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2954-2968. [PMID: 36754911 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Some people living with HIV present painful sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) that is pharmacoresistant, sex-associated, and a major source of morbidity. Since the specific mechanisms underlying HIV-SN are not well understood, the aim of our study was to characterize a novel model of painful HIV-SN by combining the HIV-1 gp120 protein and the antiretroviral stavudine (d4T) in mice and to investigate the pronociceptive role of the family 2 voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) α1 subunit (Cav2.X channels) in such a model. HIV-SN was induced in male and female C57BL/6 mice by administration of gp120 and/or d4T and detected by a battery of behavior tests and by immunohistochemistry. The role of Cav2.X channels was assessed by the treatment with selective blockers and agonists as well as by mRNA detection. Repeated administration with gp120 and/or d4T produced long-lasting touch-evoked painful-like behaviors (starting at 6 days, reaching a maximum on day 13, and lasting up to 28 days after treatment started), with a greater intensity in female mice treated with the combination of gp120 + d4T. Moreover, gp120 + d4T treatment reduced the intraepidermal nerve fibers and well-being of female mice, without altering other behaviors. Mechanistically, gp120 + d4T treatment induced Cav2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 transcriptional increases in the dorsal root ganglion and the Cav2.X agonist-induced nociception. Accordingly, intrathecal selective Cav2.2 blockade presented longer and better efficacy in reversing the hyperalgesia induced by gp120 + d4T treatment compared with Cav2.1 or Cav2.3, but also presented the worst safety (inducing side effects at effective doses). We conclude that the family 2 calcium channels (Cav2.X) exert a critical pronociceptive role in a novel mouse model of HIV-SN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Denardin Lückemeyer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Arthur Silveira Prudente
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcella de Amorim Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Merian da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Raquel Tonello
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sérgio José Macedo Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Centro de Inovação E Ensaios Pré-Clínicos, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcus Vinicius Gomez
- Instituto de Educação E Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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9
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The Circadian Clocks, Oscillations of Pain-Related Mediators, and Pain. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:511-523. [PMID: 35179680 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a biochemical oscillator that is synchronized with solar time. Normal circadian rhythms are necessary for many physiological functions. Circadian rhythms have also been linked with many physiological functions, several clinical symptoms, and diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that the circadian clock appears to modulate the processing of nociceptive information. Many pain conditions display a circadian fluctuation pattern clinically. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize the existing knowledge about the circadian clocks involved in diurnal rhythms of pain. Possible cellular and molecular mechanisms regarding the connection between the circadian clocks and pain are discussed.
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10
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Gomes BT, Costa ALGD, Mazzali M. Dialysis headache: prevalence and clinical presentation in hemodialysis and kidney transplant patients. HEADACHE MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.48208/headachemed.2022.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Headache is a common symptom among hemodialysis patients, with a prevalence around 70%. Dialysis headache is defined according to International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) as a headache without specific characteristics, occurring during and caused by hemodialysis that spontaneously disappears within 72 hours after the dialysis session. There is no consensus on trigger factors or physiopathology.
Objective
To evaluate prevalence, clinical characteristics, and associated factors with dialysis headache.
Methods
Observational study with quantitative analysis. Study patients were divided into two groups: (HD) 25 hemodialysis patients and (Tx) 25 early post kidney transplant patients. A structured questionnaire was applied to all patients, including Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Laboratory data, blood pressure and body weight were analyzed before and after one dialysis session. Results: In group HD, eight patients (32%) had diagnosis of dialysis headache, with pulsating headache (n=6, 75%), photophobia (n=6, 75%), phonophobia (n=4, 50%), and nauseas or vomiting (n=6, 75%), with a mean pain score of 7.75 ± 1.58. Headache group had higher scores of anxieties (7.00 ± 3.93 vs. 3.82 ± 3.23, p=0.03) and sleepiness (9.13 ± 3.94 vs. 4.76 ± 3.85, p=0.01), lower levels of serum calcium (p=0.01), and higher systolic (p=0.02) and diastolic (p=0.02) blood pressure pre dialysis. In group Tx, five patients (20%) reported dialysis headache, with pulsating headache (n=4, 80%), nauseas or vomiting (n=4, 80%), with a mean pain score of 8.0 ± 1.41. Headache group had a higher score of sleepiness (9.20 ± 4.32 vs. 4.80 ± 4.51, p=0.029) and were younger (38.93 ± 14.43 vs. 54.02 ± 8.31, p=0.03).
Conclusion
Headache is frequent among hemodialysis patients and had similar symptoms of migraine. In this series dialysis headache was associated with higher scores of anxieties and sleepiness, higher blood pressure and lower calcium pre dialysis.
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11
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Pina LTS, Rabelo TK, Trindade GGG, Almeida IKS, Oliveira MA, Dos Santos PL, Souza DS, de Menezes-Filho JER, de Vasconcelos CML, Santos SL, Scotti L, Scotti MT, Araújo AAS, Quintans JSS, Quintans LJ, Guimarães AG. γ-Terpinene complexed with β-cyclodextrin attenuates spinal neuroactivity in animals with cancer pain by Ca2+ channel block. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1629-1639. [PMID: 35976257 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Considering that γ-terpinene (γ-TPN) is a monoterpene found in Cannabis oil, with high lipophilicity and limited pharmacokinetics, our objective was to evaluate whether its complexation in β-cyclodextrin (γ-TPN/β-CD) could improve its physicochemical properties and action on cancer pain, as well as verify the mechanisms of action involved. METHODS The γ-TPN/β-CD was prepared and submitted to physicochemical characterization. Animals with sarcoma 180 were treated (vehicle, γ-TPN 50 mg/kg, γ-TPN/β-CD 5 mg/kg or morphine) and assessed for hyperalgesia, TNF-α and IL-1β levels, iNOS and c-Fos activity. The effects of γ-TPN on calcium channels were studied by patch-clamp and molecular docking. RESULTS β-CD improved the physicochemical properties and prolonged the anti-hyperalgesic effect of γ-TPN. This compound also reduced the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS in the tumour, and c-Fos protein in the spinal cord. In addition, it reduced Ca2+ current, presenting favourable chemical interactions with different voltage-dependent calcium channels. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the complexation of γ-TPN into β-CD increases its stability and time effect, reducing spinal neuroactivity and inflammation by blocking calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lícia T S Pina
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Thallita K Rabelo
- Sunnybrook Research Institute. Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Canada
| | - Gabriela G G Trindade
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Iggo K S Almeida
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marlange A Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Priscila L Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Diego Santos Souza
- Department of Biophysics and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sandra L Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano A S Araújo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lucindo J Quintans
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Adriana G Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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12
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Faouzi M, Wakano C, Monteilh-Zoller MK, Neupane RP, Starkus JG, Neupane JB, Cullen AJ, Johnson BE, Fleig A, Penner R. Acidic Cannabinoids Suppress Proinflammatory Cytokine Release by Blocking Store-operated Calcium Entry. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2022; 3:zqac033. [PMID: 35910331 PMCID: PMC9334010 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa has long been known to affect numerous biological activities. Although plant extracts, purified cannabinoids, or synthetic cannabinoid analogs have shown therapeutic potential in pain, inflammation, seizure disorders, appetite stimulation, muscle spasticity, and treatment of nausea/vomiting, the underlying mechanisms of action remain ill-defined. In this study we provide the first comprehensive overview of the effects of whole-plant Cannabis extracts and various pure cannabinoids on store-operated calcium (Ca2+) entry (SOCE) in several different immune cell lines. Store-operated Ca2+ entry is one of the most significant Ca2+ influx mechanisms in immune cells, and it is critical for the activation of T lymphocytes, leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and mediating inflammation and T cell proliferation, key mechanisms for maintaining chronic pain. While the two major cannabinoids cannabidiol and trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol were largely ineffective in inhibiting SOCE, we report for the first time that several minor cannabinoids, mainly the carboxylic acid derivatives and particularly cannabigerolic acid, demonstrated high potency against SOCE by blocking calcium release-activated calcium currents. Moreover, we show that this inhibition of SOCE resulted in a decrease of nuclear factor of activated T-cells activation and Interleukin 2 production in human T lymphocytes. Taken together, these results indicate that cannabinoid-mediated inhibition of a proinflammatory target such as SOCE may at least partially explain the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ram P Neupane
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - John G Starkus
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | | | - Aaron J Cullen
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Brandon E Johnson
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Andrea Fleig
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA,Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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13
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Humer C, Berlansky S, Grabmayr H, Sallinger M, Bernhard A, Fahrner M, Frischauf I. Science CommuniCa 2+tion Developing Scientific Literacy on Calcium: The Involvement of CRAC Currents in Human Health and Disease. Cells 2022; 11:1849. [PMID: 35681544 PMCID: PMC9179999 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
All human life starts with a calcium (Ca2+) wave. This ion regulates a plethora of cellular functions ranging from fertilisation and birth to development and cell death. A sophisticated system is responsible for maintaining the essential, tight concentration of calcium within cells. Intricate components of this Ca2+ network are store-operated calcium channels in the cells' membrane. The best-characterised store-operated channel is the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel. Currents through CRAC channels are critically dependent on the correct function of two proteins: STIM1 and Orai1. A disruption of the precise mechanism of Ca2+ entry through CRAC channels can lead to defects and in turn to severe impacts on our health. Mutations in either STIM1 or Orai1 proteins can have consequences on our immune cells, the cardiac and nervous system, the hormonal balance, muscle function, and many more. There is solid evidence that altered Ca2+ signalling through CRAC channels is involved in the hallmarks of cancer development: uncontrolled cell growth, resistance to cell death, migration, invasion, and metastasis. In this work we highlight the importance of Ca2+ and its role in human health and disease with focus on CRAC channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Irene Frischauf
- Life Science Center, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020 Linz, Austria; (C.H.); (S.B.); (H.G.); (M.S.); (A.B.); (M.F.)
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14
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Zhang J, Yuan H, Yao X, Chen S. Endogenous ion channels expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:665-680. [PMID: 35567642 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian expression systems, particularly the human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells, combined with electrophysiological studies, have greatly benefited our understanding of the function, characteristic, and regulation of various ion channels. It was previously assumed that the existence of endogenous ion channels in native HEK-293 cells could be negligible. Still, more and more ion channels are gradually reported in native HEK-293 cells, which should draw our attention. In this regard, we summarize the different ion channels that are endogenously expressed in HEK-293 cells, including voltage-gated Na+ channels, Ca2+ channels, K+ channels, Cl- channels, nonselective cation channels, TRP channels, acid-sensitive ion channels, and Piezo channels, which may complicate the recording of the heterogeneously expressed ion channels to a certain degree. We noted that the expression patterns and channel profiles varied with different studies, which may be due to the distinct originality of the cells, cell culture conditions, passage numbers, and different recording protocols. Therefore, a better knowledge of endogenous ion channels may help minimize potential problems in characterizing heterologously expressed ion channels. Based on this, it is recommended that HEK-293 cells from unknown sources should be examined before transfection for the characterization of their functional profile, especially when the expression level of exogenous ion channels does not overwhelm the endogenous ion channels largely, or the current amplitude is not significantly higher than the native currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huikai Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University at Daqing, No. 39 Xinyang Rd, High-tech District, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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15
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Inflammation and Nitro-oxidative Stress as Drivers of Endocannabinoid System Aberrations in Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3485-3503. [PMID: 35347586 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is composed of the endocannabinoid ligands anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylgycerol (2-AG), their target cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and the enzymes involved in their synthesis and metabolism (N-acyltransferase and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in the case of AEA and diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) in the case of 2-AG). The origins of ECS dysfunction in major neuropsychiatric disorders remain to be determined, and this paper explores the possibility that they may be associated with chronically increased nitro-oxidative stress and activated immune-inflammatory pathways, and it examines the mechanisms which might be involved. Inflammation and nitro-oxidative stress are associated with both increased CB1 expression, via increased activity of the NADPH oxidases NOX4 and NOX1, and increased CNR1 expression and DNA methylation; and CB2 upregulation via increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, binding of the transcription factor Nrf2 to an antioxidant response element in the CNR2 promoter region and the action of miR-139. CB1 and CB2 have antagonistic effects on redox signalling, which may result from a miRNA-enabled negative feedback loop. The effects of inflammation and oxidative stress are detailed in respect of AEA and 2-AG levels, via effects on calcium homeostasis and phospholipase A2 activity; on FAAH activity, via nitrosylation/nitration of functional cysteine and/or tyrosine residues; and on 2-AG activity via effects on MGLL expression and MAGL. Finally, based on these detailed molecular neurobiological mechanisms, it is suggested that cannabidiol and dimethyl fumarate may have therapeutic potential for major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
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16
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Liebert A, Pang V, Bicknell B, McLachlan C, Mitrofanis J, Kiat H. A Perspective on the Potential of Opsins as an Integral Mechanism of Photobiomodulation: It's Not Just the Eyes. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:123-135. [PMID: 34935507 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the potential relationship between opsins and photobiomodulation. Background: Opsins and other photoreceptors occur in all phyla and are important in light-activated signaling and organism homeostasis. In addition to the visual opsin systems of the retina (OPN1 and OPN2), there are several non-visual opsins found throughout the body tissues, including encephalopsin/panopsin (OPN3), melanopsin (OPN4), and neuropsin (OPN5), as well as other structures that have light-sensitive properties, such as enzymes, ion channels, particularly those located in cell membranes, lysosomes, and neuronal structures such as the nodes of Ranvier. The influence of these structures on exposure to light, including self-generated light within the body (autofluorescence), on circadian oscillators, and circadian and ultradian rhythms have become increasingly reported. The visual and non-visual phototransduction cascade originating from opsins and other structures has potential significant mechanistic effects on tissues and health. Methods: A PubMed and Google Scholar search was made using the search terms "photobiomodulation", "light", "neuron", "opsins", "neuropsin", "melanopsin", "encephalopsin", "rhodopsin", and "chromophore". Results: This review was examined the influence of neuropsin (also known as kallikrein 8), encephalopsin, and melanopsin specifically on ion channel function, and more broadly on the central and peripheral nervous systems. The relationship between opsins 3, 4, and 5 and photobiomodulation mechanisms was evaluated, along with a proposed role of photobiomodulation through opsins and light-sensitive organelles as potential alleviators of symptoms and accelerators of beneficial regenerative processes. The potential clinical implications of this in musculoskeletal conditions, wounds, and in the symptomatic management of neurodegenerative disease was also examined. Conclusions: Systematic research into the pleotropic therapeutic role of photobiomodulation, mediated through its action on opsins and other light-sensitive organelles may assist in the future execution of safe, low-risk precision medicine for a variety of chronic and complex disease conditions, and for health maintenance in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Liebert
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Office of Governance and Research, San Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Brian Bicknell
- Faculty of Health Science, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, Australia
| | | | - John Mitrofanis
- Clinatec, Fonds de Dotation-CEA, Universitè Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Hosen Kiat
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Cardiac Health Institute, Sydney, Australia
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17
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Li R, Ou M, Yang S, Huang J, Chen J, Xiong D, Xiao L, Wu S. Change in Cav3.2 T-Type Calcium Channel Induced by Varicella-Zoster Virus Participates in the Maintenance of Herpetic Neuralgia. Front Neurol 2021; 12:741054. [PMID: 34917013 PMCID: PMC8671009 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.741054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain, as the most prevalent neurological complication of herpes zoster (HZ), may occur before or during the rash onset or even after the rash has recovered. Particularly, postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a refractory chronic condition, usually defined as pain persisting for 3 months or longer from the onset of HZ. Pain evoked by HZ impairs the normal physical and emotional functions of the patients, severely reducing their quality of life. However, how zoster-associated pain occurs and develops into PHN are elusive, making PHN difficult to predict. Uncovering the pathogenesis of zoster-associated pain (or HN) helps us to better understand the onset of PHN and supports developing more effective treatments. In this study, we successfully constructed a model for zoster-associated pain through varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections of mouse footpads and pain behavior assessments. Next, we used the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and the Gene Ontology (GO) to analyze PHN rodent dorsal root ganglion (DRG) gene microarray data and found that calcium signal disorder might be involved in the onset of PHN. By using reverse transcription real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting, we confirmed that VZV infection could significantly upregulate the expression of T-type calcium channel Cav3.2 in DRG and spinal dorsal horn (SDH). Intrathecal administration of Cav3.2 blocker (2R/S)-6-prenylnaringenin (6-PNG) relieved mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia induced by VZV. Taken together, our data indicated that VZV might participate in the occurrence and development of HN by upregulating the expression of Cav3.2 in DRG and SDH. These findings will help to reveal the underlying mechanisms on long-lasting pain and PHN formation, providing a new insight that Cav3.2 can be the promising drug target for remitting PHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhen Li
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingxi Ou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shaomin Yang
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiabin Huang
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Donglin Xiong
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lizu Xiao
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Songbin Wu
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Wu S, Yang S, Ou M, Chen J, Huang J, Xiong D, Sun W, Xiao L. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Role of Cellular Calcium Disorder in Varicella Zoster Virus-Induced Post-Herpetic Neuralgia. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:665931. [PMID: 34079439 PMCID: PMC8166323 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.665931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a typical neuropathic pain, post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a common complication of herpes zoster (HZ), which seriously affects the normal life and work of patients. The unclear pathogenesis and lack of effective drugs make the clinical efficacy of PHN unsatisfactory. Here, we obtained the transcriptome profile of neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) and DRG in rats infected with varicella zoster virus (VZV) by transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) combined with publicly available gene array data sets. Next, the data processing of the transcriptome map was analyzed using bioinformatics methods, including the screening of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Gene Ontology (GO), and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Finally, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of calcium-related genes, and calcium fluorescent probes and calcium colorimetry were used to evaluate the distribution and content of calcium ions in cells after VZV infection. Transcriptome data analysis (GO and KEGG enrichment analysis) showed that calcium disorder played an important role in SH-SY5Y cells infected by VZV and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of the PHN rat model. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression levels of calcium-related genes BHLHA15, CACNA1F, CACNG1, CHRNA9, and STC2 were significantly upregulated, while the expression levels of CHRNA10, HRC, and TNNT3 were significantly downregulated in SH-SY5Y cells infected with VZV. Our calcium fluorescent probe and calcium colorimetric test results showed that VZV could change the distribution of calcium ions in infected cells and significantly increase the intracellular calcium content. In conclusion, our results revealed that the persistence of calcium disorder caused by VZV in nerve cells might be a crucial cause of herpetic neuralgia, and a potential target for clinical diagnosis and treatment of PHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbin Wu
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Department of Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaomin Yang
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Department of Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingxi Ou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- Vanke Bilingual School (VBS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiabing Huang
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Department of Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Donglin Xiong
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Department of Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wuping Sun
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Department of Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lizu Xiao
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Department of Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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19
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Li Q, Wang YQ, Chu YX. The role of connexins and pannexins in orofacial pain. Life Sci 2020; 258:118198. [PMID: 32758624 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by extensive spreading of pain, referred to as ectopic pain, which describes the phenomenon of the pain passing from the injured regions to uninjured regions. Patients with orofacial pain often show no response to commonly used analgesics, and the exact mechanism of ectopic pain remains unclear, which restricts the development of specific drugs. The present review aims to summarize the contribution of the two families of transmembrane proteins, connexins (Cxs) and pannexins (Panxs), to the induction and spreading of orofacial pain and to provide potential targets for orofacial pain treatment. Cxs and Panxs have recently been shown to play essential roles in intercellular signal propagation in sensory ganglia, and previous studies have provided evidence for the contribution of several subtypes of Cxs and Panxs in various orofacial pain models. Upregulation of the expression of Cxs and Panxs in the trigeminal ganglia is observed in most cases after trigeminal injury, and regulating their expression or activity can improve pain-like behaviors in animals. It is speculated that after trigeminal injury, pain-related signals are transmitted to adjacent neurons and satellite glial cells in the trigeminal ganglia directly through gap junctions and simultaneously through hemichannels and pannexons through both autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. This review highlights recent discoveries in the regulation of Cxs and Panxs in different orofacial pain models and presents a hypothetical mechanism of ectopic pain in trigeminal neuralgia. In addition, the existing problems in current research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan-Qing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu-Xia Chu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Kim HJ, Noh JW, Amarsanaa K, Jeon SC, Yang YS, Hwang NH, Ko EA, Kang YJ, Jung SC. Peripheral Pain Modulation of Chrysaora pacifica Jellyfish Venom Requires Both Ca 2+ Influx and TRPA1 Channel Activation in Rats. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:900-913. [PMID: 32910305 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The venom of jellyfish triggers severe dermal pain along with inflammation and tissue necrosis, and occasionally, induces internal organ dysfunction. However, the basic mechanisms underlying its cytotoxic effects are still unknown. Here, we report one of the mechanisms involved in peripheral pain modulation associated with inflammatory and neurotoxic oxidative signaling in rats using the venom of jellyfish, Chrysaora pacifica (CpV). This jellyfish is identified by brown tentacles carrying nematocysts filled with cytotoxic venom that induces severe pain, pruritus, tentacle marks, and blisters. The subcutaneous injection of CpV into rat forepaws in behavioral tests triggered nociceptive response with a decreased threshold for mechanical pain perception. These responses lasted up to 48 h and were completely blocked by verapamil and TTA-P2, T-type Ca2+ channel blockers, or HC030031, a transient receptor potential cation ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel blocker, while another Ca2+ channel blocker, nimodipine, was ineffective. Also, treatment with Ca2+ chelators (EGTA and BaptaAM) significantly alleviated the CpV-induced pain response. These results indicate that CpV-induced pain modulation may require both Ca2+ influx through the T-type Ca2+ channels and activation of TRPA1 channels. Furthermore, CpV induced Ca2+-mediated oxidative neurotoxicity in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and cortical neurons dissociated from rats, resulting in decreased neuronal viability and increased intracellular levels of ROS. Taken together, CpV may activate Ca2+-mediated oxidative signaling to produce excessive ROS acting as an endogenous agonist of TRPA1 channels in the peripheral terminals of the primary afferent neurons, resulting in persistent inflammatory pain. These findings provide strong evidence supporting the therapeutic effectiveness of blocking oxidative signaling against pain and cytotoxicity induced by jellyfish venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ji Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Noh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Khulan Amarsanaa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chan Jeon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Sil Yang
- Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Hye Hwang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-A Ko
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Kang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Medical Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Cherl Jung
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Medical Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea. .,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Royds J, Conroy MJ, Dunne MR, Cassidy H, Matallanas D, Lysaght J, McCrory C. Examination and characterisation of burst spinal cord stimulation on cerebrospinal fluid cellular and protein constituents in patient responders with chronic neuropathic pain - A Pilot Study. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 344:577249. [PMID: 32361148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with neuropathic pain have altered proteomic and neuropeptide constituents in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compared to controls. Tonic spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has demonstrated differential expression of neuropeptides in CSF before and after treatment suggesting potential mechanisms of action. Burst-SCS is an evidence-based paraesthesia free waveform utilised for neuropathic pain with a potentially different mechanistic action to tonic SCS. This study examines the dynamic biological changes of CSF at a cellular and proteome level after Burst-SCS. METHODS Patients with neuropathic pain selected for SCS had CSF sampled prior to implant of SCS and following 8 weeks of continuous Burst-SCS. Baseline and 8-week pain scores with demographics were recorded. T cell frequencies were analysed by flow cytometry, proteome analysis was performed using mass spectrometry and secreted cytokines, chemokines and neurotrophins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS 4 patients (2 females, 2 males) with a mean age of 51 years (+/-SEM 2.74, SD 5.48) achieved a reduction in pain of >50% following 8 weeks of Burst-SCS. Analysis of the CSF proteome indicated a significant alteration in protein expression most related to synapse assembly and immune regulators. There was significantly lower expression of the proteins: growth hormone A1 (PRL), somatostatin (SST), nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2), Calbindin (CALB1), acyl-CoA binding protein (DBI), proSAAS (PCSK1N), endothelin-3 (END3) and cholecystokinin (CCK) after Burst-SCS. The concentrations of secreted chemokines and cytokines and the frequencies of T cells were not significantly changed following Burst-SCS. CONCLUSION This study characterised the alteration in the CSF proteome in response to burst SCS in vivo. Functional analysis indicated that the alterations in the CSF proteome is predominately linked to synapse assembly and immune effectors. Individual protein analysis also suggests potential supraspinal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Royds
- Department of Pain Medicine, St. James Hospital, Dublin and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Melissa J Conroy
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Margaret R Dunne
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Hilary Cassidy
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David Matallanas
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Connail McCrory
- Department of Pain Medicine, St. James Hospital, Dublin and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Feske S. CRAC channels and disease - From human CRAC channelopathies and animal models to novel drugs. Cell Calcium 2019; 80:112-116. [PMID: 31009822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels are intimately linked with health and disease. The gene encoding the CRAC channel, ORAI1, was discovered in part by genetic analysis of patients with abolished CRAC channel function. And patients with autosomal recessive loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in ORAI1 and its activator stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) that abolish CRAC channel function and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) define essential functions of CRAC channels in health and disease. Conversely, gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in ORAI1 and STIM1 are associated with tubular aggregate myopathy (TAM) and Stormorken syndrome due to constitutive CRAC channel activation. In addition, genetically engineered animal models of ORAI and STIM function have provided important insights into the physiological and pathophysiological roles of CRAC channels in cell types and organs beyond those affected in human patients. The picture emerging from this body of work shows CRAC channels as important regulators of cell function in many tissues, and as potential drug targets for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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