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Buckley C, Lee MD, Zhang X, Wilson C, McCarron JG. Signalling switches maintain intercellular communication in the vascular endothelium. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38651236 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The single layer of cells lining all blood vessels, the endothelium, is a sophisticated signal co-ordination centre that controls a wide range of vascular functions including the regulation of blood pressure and blood flow. To co-ordinate activities, communication among cells is required for tissue level responses to emerge. While a significant form of communication occurs by the propagation of signals between cells, the mechanism of propagation in the intact endothelium is unresolved. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Precision signal generation and targeted cellular manipulation was used in conjunction with high spatiotemporal mesoscale Ca2+ imaging in the endothelium of intact blood vessels. KEY RESULTS Multiple mechanisms maintain communication so that Ca2+ wave propagation occurs irrespective of the status of connectivity among cells. Between adjoining cells, regenerative IP3-induced IP3 production transmits Ca2+ signals and explains the propagated vasodilation that underlies the increased blood flow accompanying tissue activity. The inositide is itself sufficient to evoke regenerative phospholipase C-dependent Ca2+ waves across coupled cells. None of gap junctions, Ca2+ diffusion or the release of extracellular messengers is required to support this type of intercellular Ca2+ signalling. In contrast, when discontinuities exist between cells, ATP released as a diffusible extracellular messenger transmits Ca2+ signals across the discontinuity and drives propagated vasodilation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results show that signalling switches underlie endothelial cell-to-cell signal transmission and reveal how communication is maintained in the face of endothelial damage. The findings provide a new framework for understanding wave propagation and cell signalling in the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Buckley
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew D Lee
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Xun Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - John G McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Jorgensen AN, Rashdan NA, Rao KNS, Delgadillo LF, Kolluru GK, Krzywanski DM, Pattillo CB, Kevil CG, Nam HW. Neurogranin expression regulates mitochondrial function and redox balance in endothelial cells. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103085. [PMID: 38359746 PMCID: PMC10878108 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and endothelial activation are common early events in vascular diseases and can arise from mitochondrial dysfunction. Neurogranin (Ng) is a 17kD protein well known to regulate intracellular Ca2+-calmodulin (CaM) complex signaling, and its dysfunction is significantly implicated in brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. We found that Ng is also expressed in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), and depleting Ng promotes Ca2+-CaM complex-dependent endothelial activation and redox imbalances. Endothelial-specific Ng knockout (Cre-CDH5-Ngf/f) mice demonstrate a significant delay in the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) response. Therefore, it is critical to characterize how endothelial Ng expression regulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and affects cardiovascular disease. Label-free quantification proteomics identified that mitochondrial dysfunction and the oxidative phosphorylation pathway are significantly changed in the aorta of Cre-CDH5-Ngf/f mice. We found that a significant amount of Ng is expressed in the mitochondrial fraction of HAECs using western blotting and colocalized with the mitochondrial marker, COX IV, using immunofluorescence staining. Seahorse assay demonstrated that a lack of Ng decreases mitochondrial respiration. Treatment with MitoEbselen significantly restores the oxygen consumption rate in Ng knockdown cells. With the RoGFP-Orp1 approach, we identified that Ng knockdown increases mitochondrial-specific hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, and MitoEbselen treatment significantly reduced mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) levels in Ng knockdown cells. These results suggest that Ng plays a significant role in mtROS production. We discovered that MitoEbselen treatment also rescues decreased eNOS expression and nitric oxide (NO) levels in Ng knockdown cells, which implicates the critical role of Ng in mtROS-NO balance in the endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton N Jorgensen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Nabil A Rashdan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - K N Shashanka Rao
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Luisa F Delgadillo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Gopi K Kolluru
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - David M Krzywanski
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Christopher B Pattillo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Hyung W Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
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Behringer EJ. Impact of aging on vascular ion channels: perspectives and knowledge gaps across major organ systems. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1012-H1038. [PMID: 37624095 PMCID: PMC10908410 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00288.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Individuals aged ≥65 yr will comprise ∼20% of the global population by 2030. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the world with age-related endothelial "dysfunction" as a key risk factor. As an organ in and of itself, vascular endothelium courses throughout the mammalian body to coordinate blood flow to all other organs and tissues (e.g., brain, heart, lung, skeletal muscle, gut, kidney, skin) in accord with metabolic demand. In turn, emerging evidence demonstrates that vascular aging and its comorbidities (e.g., neurodegeneration, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, heart failure, and cancer) are "channelopathies" in large part. With an emphasis on distinct functional traits and common arrangements across major organs systems, the present literature review encompasses regulation of vascular ion channels that underlie blood flow control throughout the body. The regulation of myoendothelial coupling and local versus conducted signaling are discussed with new perspectives for aging and the development of chronic diseases. Although equipped with an awareness of knowledge gaps in the vascular aging field, a section has been included to encompass general feasibility, role of biological sex, and additional conceptual and experimental considerations (e.g., cell regression and proliferation, gene profile analyses). The ultimate goal is for the reader to see and understand major points of deterioration in vascular function while gaining the ability to think of potential mechanistic and therapeutic strategies to sustain organ perfusion and whole body health with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Behringer
- Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States
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4
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Coccarelli A, Pant S. On the Ca 2+ elevation in vascular endothelial cells due to inositol trisphosphate-sensitive store receptors activation: A data-driven modeling approach. Comput Biol Med 2023; 164:107111. [PMID: 37540925 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Agonist-induced Ca2+ signaling is essential for the regulation of many vital functions in endothelial cells (ECs). A broad range of stimuli elevate the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration by promoting a pathway mediated by inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3) which causes Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Despite its importance, there are very few studies focusing on the quantification of such dynamics in the vascular endothelium. Here, by using data from isolated ECs, we established a minimalistic modeling framework able to quantitatively capture the main features (averaged over a cell population) of the cytosolic Ca2+ response to different IP3 stimulation levels. A suitable description of Ca2+-regulatory function of inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and corresponding parameter space are identified by comparing the different model variants against experimental mean population data. The same approach is used to numerically assess the relevance of cytosolic Ca2+ buffering, as well as Ca2+ store IP3-sensitivity in the overall cell dynamics. The variability in the dynamics' features observed across the population can be explained (at least in part) through variation of certain model parameters (such as buffering capacity or Ca2+ store sensitivity to IP3). The results, in terms of experimental fitting and validation, support the proposed minimalistic model as a reference framework for the quantification of the EC Ca2+ dynamics induced by IP3Rs activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Coccarelli
- Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, UK.
| | - Sanjay Pant
- Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, UK
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Zhang X, Lee MD, Buckley C, Hollenberg MD, Wilson C, McCarron JG. Endothelial PAR2 activation evokes resistance artery relaxation. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:776-789. [PMID: 36791026 PMCID: PMC10952239 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor-1 & -2 (PAR1 and PAR2) are expressed widely in cardiovascular tissues including endothelial and smooth muscle cells. PAR1 and PAR2 may regulate blood pressure via changes in vascular contraction or relaxation mediated by endothelial Ca2+ signaling, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. By using single-cell Ca2+ imaging across hundreds of endothelial cells in intact blood vessels, we explored PAR-mediated regulation of blood vessel function using PAR1 and PAR2 activators. We show that PAR2 activation evoked multicellular Ca2+ waves that propagated across the endothelium. The PAR2-evoked Ca2+ waves were temporally distinct from those generated by muscarinic receptor activation. PAR2 activated distinct clusters of endothelial cells, and these cells were different from those activated by muscarinic receptor stimulation. These results indicate that distinct cell clusters facilitate spatial segregation of endothelial signal processing. We also demonstrate that PAR2 is a phospholipase C-coupled receptor that evokes Ca2+ release from the IP3 -sensitive store in endothelial cells. A physiological consequence of this PAR2 signaling system is endothelium-dependent relaxation. Conversely, PAR1 activation did not trigger endothelial cell Ca2+ signaling nor relax or contract mesenteric arteries. Neither did PAR1 activators alter the response to PAR2 or muscarinic receptor activation. Collectively, these results suggest that endothelial PAR2 but not PAR1 evokes mesenteric artery relaxation by evoking IP3 -mediated Ca2+ release from the internal store. Sensing mediated by PAR2 receptors is distributed to spatially separated clusters of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - Matthew D. Lee
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - Charlotte Buckley
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - Morley D. Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of MedicineUniversity of Calgary Cumming School of MedicineCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - John G. McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
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Chattha MU, Hassan MUU, Khan I, Nawaz M, Shah AN, Sattar A, Hashem M, Alamri S, Aslam MT, Alhaithloul HAS, Hassan MU, Qari SH. Hydrogen peroxide priming alleviates salinity induced toxic effect in maize by improving antioxidant defense system, ionic homeostasis, photosynthetic efficiency and hormonal crosstalk. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5611-5624. [PMID: 35618939 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07535-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinity stress (SS) is a serious detrimental factor for crop growth and productivity and its intensity it is continuously increasing which is posing serious threat to global food security. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) priming has emerged as an excellent strategy to mitigate the adverse impacts of SS. However, the role of H2O2 priming in mitigating the salinity induced toxicity is not fully explored. METHODS AND RESULTS Therefore, in this context the present study was conducted in complete randomized design (CRD) in factorial combination to determine the impact of H2O2 priming on germination, growth, physiological and biochemical traits, osmo-regulating compounds, hormonal balance and ionic homeostasis. The experiment was based on different levels of SS; control, 6 and 12 dS m-1 SS and priming treatments, control and H2O2 priming (2%). Salinity stress significantly reduced the growth, leaf water status (- 15.55%), calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+) and magnesium (Mg2+) accumulation and increased malondialdehyde (MDA: + 29.95%), H2O2 (+ 21.48%) contents, osmo-regulating compounds (proline, soluble sugars), indole acetic acid (IAA), anti-oxidant activities (ascorbate peroxidase: APX, catalase: CAT, peroxidase: POD and ascorbic acid: AsA) and accumulation of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-.). H2O2 priming effectively reduced the effects of SS on germination and growth and strengthen the anti-oxidant activities through reduced MDA (- 12.36%) and H2O2 (- 21.13%) and increasing leaf water status (16.90%), soluble protein (+ 71.32%), free amino acids (+ 26.41%), proline (+ 49.18%), soluble sugars (+ 71.02%), IAA (+ 57.59%) and gibberlic acid (GA) (+ 21.11%). Above all, H2O2 priming reduced the massive entry of noxious ions (Na+ and Cl-) while increased the entry of Ca2+, K+ and Mg2+ thus improved the plant performance under SS. CONCLUSION In conclusion H2O2 priming was proved beneficial for improving maize growth under SS thorough enhanced anti-oxidant activities, photosynthetic pigments, leaf water status, accumulation of osmo-regulating compounds, hormonal balance and ionic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Uzair Ul Hassan
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Sattar
- College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan Bahadur Sub Campus, Layyah, Punjab, 31200, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Saad Alamri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Sameer H Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Zhang X, Lee MD, Buckley C, Wilson C, McCarron JG. Mitochondria regulate TRPV4-mediated release of ATP. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:1017-1032. [PMID: 34605007 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ca2+ influx via TRPV4 channels triggers Ca2+ release from the IP3 -sensitive internal store to generate repetitive oscillations. Although mitochondria are acknowledged regulators of IP3 -mediated Ca2+ release, how TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ signals are regulated by mitochondria is unknown. We show that depolarised mitochondria switch TRPV4 signalling from relying on Ca2+ -induced Ca2+ release at IP3 receptors to being independent of Ca2+ influx and instead mediated by ATP release via pannexins. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TRPV4-evoked Ca2+ signals were individually examined in hundreds of cells in the endothelium of rat mesenteric resistance arteries using the indicator Cal520. KEY RESULTS TRPV4 activation with GSK1016790A (GSK) generated repetitive Ca2+ oscillations that required Ca2+ influx. However, when the mitochondrial membrane potential was depolarised, by the uncoupler CCCP or complex I inhibitor rotenone, TRPV4 activation generated large propagating, multicellular, Ca2+ waves in the absence of external Ca2+ . The ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin did not potentiate TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ signals. GSK-evoked Ca2+ waves, when mitochondria were depolarised, were blocked by the TRPV4 channel blocker HC067047, the SERCA inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid, the PLC blocker U73122 and the inositol trisphosphate receptor blocker caffeine. The Ca2+ waves were also inhibited by the extracellular ATP blockers suramin and apyrase and the pannexin blocker probenecid. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results highlight a previously unknown role of mitochondria in shaping TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ signalling by facilitating ATP release. When mitochondria are depolarised, TRPV4-mediated release of ATP via pannexin channels activates plasma membrane purinergic receptors to trigger IP3 -evoked Ca2+ release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew D Lee
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Charlotte Buckley
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - John G McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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8
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Negri S, Faris P, Tullii G, Vismara M, Pellegata AF, Lodola F, Guidetti G, Rosti V, Antognazza MR, Moccia F. Conjugated polymers mediate intracellular Ca 2+ signals in circulating endothelial colony forming cells through the reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Cell Calcium 2021; 101:102502. [PMID: 34896699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) represent the most suitable cellular substrate to induce revascularization of ischemic tissues. Recently, optical excitation of the light-sensitive conjugated polymer, regioregular Poly (3-hexyl-thiophene), rr-P3HT, was found to stimulate ECFC proliferation and tube formation by activating the non-selective cation channel, Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Herein, we adopted a multidisciplinary approach, ranging from intracellular Ca2+ imaging to pharmacological manipulation and genetic suppression of TRPV1 expression, to investigate the effects of photoexcitation on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in circulating ECFCs plated on rr-P3HT thin films. Polymer-mediated optical excitation induced a long-lasting increase in [Ca2+]i that could display an oscillatory pattern at shorter light stimuli. Pharmacological and genetic manipulation revealed that the Ca2+ response to light was triggered by extracellular Ca2+ entry through TRPV1, whose activation required the production of reactive oxygen species at the interface between rr-P3HT and the cell membrane. Light-induced TRPV1-mediated Ca2+ entry was able to evoke intracellular Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum through inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors, followed by store-operated Ca2+ entry on the plasma membrane. These data show that TRPV1 may serve as a decoder at the interface between rr-P3HT thin films and ECFCs to translate optical excitation in pro-angiogenic Ca2+ signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Negri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pawan Faris
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Tullii
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Vismara
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro F Pellegata
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Lodola
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianni Guidetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Rosti
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnosis, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Alkaline Reduced Water Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Innate Immune Response Triggered by Intestinal Epithelial Dysfunction. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox imbalance in intestinal epithelial cells is critical in the early phases of intestinal injury. Dysfunction of the intestinal barrier can result in immunological imbalance and inflammation, thus leading to intestinal syndromes and associated illnesses. Several antioxidants have been discovered to be beneficial in resolving intestinal barrier dysfunction. Of these antioxidants, the effects of alkaline reduced water (ARW) in oxidative stress of intestinal epithelial cells and its immunokine modulation in vitro is unknown. In this study, we utilized ARW-enriched media to investigate its cytoprotective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in DLD1 cells. We found that ARW rescued DLD1 from oxidative stress by diluting the influence of H2O2 on oxidative stress-activated MAPK signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction. Further, intestinal oxidative stress significantly affects immunokine profiles of Raw 264.7 cells (IL-6, IL-10, MCP, TNF-a, RANTES), which can be reversed by ARW. Collectively, ARW shields intestinal epithelial cells from oxidative stress, reducing the immunological mayhem caused by barrier failure.
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Negri S, Faris P, Moccia F. Reactive Oxygen Species and Endothelial Ca 2+ Signaling: Brothers in Arms or Partners in Crime? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189821. [PMID: 34575985 PMCID: PMC8465413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) controls virtually all endothelial cell functions and is, therefore, crucial to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis. An aberrant elevation in endothelial can indeed lead to severe cardiovascular disorders. Likewise, moderate amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce intracellular Ca2+ signals to regulate vascular functions, while excessive ROS production may exploit dysregulated Ca2+ dynamics to induce endothelial injury. Herein, we survey how ROS induce endothelial Ca2+ signals to regulate vascular functions and, vice versa, how aberrant ROS generation may exploit the Ca2+ handling machinery to promote endothelial dysfunction. ROS elicit endothelial Ca2+ signals by regulating inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors, sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2B, two-pore channels, store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), and multiple isoforms of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. ROS-induced endothelial Ca2+ signals regulate endothelial permeability, angiogenesis, and generation of vasorelaxing mediators and can be exploited to induce therapeutic angiogenesis, rescue neurovascular coupling, and induce cancer regression. However, an increase in endothelial [Ca2+]i induced by aberrant ROS formation may result in endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and pulmonary artery hypertension. This information could pave the way to design alternative treatments to interfere with the life-threatening interconnection between endothelial ROS and Ca2+ signaling under multiple pathological conditions.
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The Universal Soldier: Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Functions of Serum Albumin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100966. [PMID: 33050223 PMCID: PMC7601824 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a carrier of many biologically active compounds, blood is exposed to oxidants to a greater extent than the intracellular environment. Serum albumin plays a key role in antioxidant defence under both normal and oxidative stress conditions. This review evaluates data published in the literature and from our own research on the mechanisms of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities of albumin that determine its participation in redox modulation of plasma and intercellular fluid. For the first time, the results of numerous clinical, biochemical, spectroscopic and computational experiments devoted to the study of allosteric modulation of the functional properties of the protein associated with its participation in antioxidant defence are analysed. It has been concluded that it is fundamentally possible to regulate the antioxidant properties of albumin with various ligands, and the binding and/or enzymatic features of the protein by changing its redox status. The perspectives for using the antioxidant properties of albumin in practice are discussed.
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Salt-tolerance induced by leaf spraying with H 2O 2 in sunflower is related to the ion homeostasis balance and reduction of oxidative damage. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05008. [PMID: 33005807 PMCID: PMC7509778 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is still one of the main factors that limit the growth and production of crops. However, currently, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) priming has become a promising technique to alleviate the deleterious effects caused by salt. Therefore, this study aimed to test different leaf spraying strategies with H2O2 for acclimation of sunflower plants to salt stress, identifying the main physiological and biochemical changes involved in this process. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with four replications. Initially, four concentrations of H2O2 were tested (0.1; 1; 10 and 100 mM) associated with different applications: 1AP - one application (48 h before exposure to NaCl); 2AP - two applications (1AP + one application 7 days after exposure to NaCl) and 3AP - three applications (2AP + one application 14 days after exposure to NaCl), besides this two reference treatments were also added: control (absence of NaCl and absence of H2O2) and salt control (presence of 100 mM of NaCl and absence of H2O2). The experiment was conducted in hydroponic system containing Furlani's nutrient solution. Salt stress reduced the growth of sunflower plants, however, the H2O2 priming through leaf spraying was able to reduce the deleterious effects caused by salt, especially in the 1 mM H2O2 treatment with one application. H2O2 acts as a metabolic signal assisting in the maintenance of ionic and redox homeostasis, and consequently increasing the tolerance of plants to salt stress.
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Wilson C, Zhang X, Lee MD, MacDonald M, Heathcote HR, Alorfi NMN, Buckley C, Dolan S, McCarron JG. Disrupted endothelial cell heterogeneity and network organization impair vascular function in prediabetic obesity. Metabolism 2020; 111:154340. [PMID: 32791171 PMCID: PMC7538703 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, heart failure, and stroke. Impaired endothelial function occurs in the earliest stages of obesity and underlies vascular alterations that give rise to cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms that link weight gain to endothelial dysfunction are ill-defined. Increasing evidence suggests that endothelial cells are not a population of uniform cells but are highly heterogeneous and are organized as a communicating multicellular network that controls vascular function. PURPOSE To investigate the hypothesis that disrupted endothelial heterogeneity and network-level organization contribute to impaired vascular reactivity in obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS To study obesity-related vascular function without complications associated with diabetes, a state of prediabetic obesity was induced in rats. Small artery diameter recordings confirmed nitric-oxide mediated vasodilator responses were dependent on increases in endothelial calcium levels and were impaired in obese animals. Single-photon imaging revealed a linear relationship between blood vessel relaxation and population-wide calcium responses. Obesity did not alter the slope of this relationship, but impaired calcium responses in the endothelial cell network. The network comprised structural and functional components. The structural architecture, a hexagonal lattice network of connected cells, was unchanged in obesity. The functional network contained sub-populations of clustered specialized agonist-sensing cells from which signals were communicated through the network. In obesity there were fewer but larger clusters of sensory cells and communication path lengths between clusters increased. Communication between neighboring cells was unaltered in obesity. Altered network organization resulted in impaired, population-level calcium signaling and deficient endothelial control of vascular tone. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of cells in the endothelial network is critical in determining overall vascular response. Altered cell heterogeneity and arrangement in obesity decreases endothelial function and provides a novel framework for understanding compromised endothelial function in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Xun Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Matthew D Lee
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Margaret MacDonald
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Helen R Heathcote
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Nasser M N Alorfi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Charlotte Buckley
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Sharron Dolan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - John G McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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Bosseboeuf E, Raimondi C. Signalling, Metabolic Pathways and Iron Homeostasis in Endothelial Cells in Health, Atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092055. [PMID: 32911833 PMCID: PMC7564205 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells drive the formation of new blood vessels in physiological and pathological contexts such as embryonic development, wound healing, cancer and ocular diseases. Once formed, all vessels of the vasculature system present an endothelial monolayer (the endothelium), lining the luminal wall of the vessels, that regulates gas and nutrient exchange between the circulating blood and tissues, contributing to maintaining tissue and vascular homeostasis. To perform their functions, endothelial cells integrate signalling pathways promoted by growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix components and signals from mechanosensory complexes sensing the blood flow. New evidence shows that endothelial cells rely on specific metabolic pathways for distinct cellular functions and that the integration of signalling and metabolic pathways regulates endothelial-dependent processes such as angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis. In this review, we provide an overview of endothelial functions and the recent advances in understanding the role of endothelial signalling and metabolism in physiological processes such as angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis and vascular diseases. Also, we focus on the signalling pathways promoted by the transmembrane protein Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) in endothelial cells, its recently discovered role in regulating mitochondrial function and iron homeostasis and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and iron in atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Zhang R, Niu G, Lu Q, Huang X, Chau JHC, Kwok RTK, Yu X, Li MH, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Cancer cell discrimination and dynamic viability monitoring through wash-free bioimaging using AIEgens. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7676-7684. [PMID: 34094146 PMCID: PMC8159538 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01213k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell discrimination and cellular viability monitoring are closely related to human health. A universal and convenient fluorescence system with a dual function of wide-spectrum cancer cell discrimination and dynamic cellular viability monitoring is desperately needed, and is still extremely challenging. Herein we present a series of aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) (denoted as IVP) which can allow accurate discrimination between cancer and normal cells and dynamic monitoring of cellular viability through mitochondria-nucleolus migration. By regulating the lengths and positions of alkyl chains in IVP molecules, we systematically studied the discrimination behavior of these AIEgens between cancer cells and normal cells and further investigated how they can migrate between the mitochondria and nucleolus based on the change of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m). Using IVP-02 as a model molecule, wash-free bioimaging, excellent two-photon properties, and low cytotoxicity were demonstrated. This present work proves that these designed IVP AIEgens show great potential for cancer identification and metastasis monitoring, as well as activity evaluation and screening of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Guangle Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- Center of Bio and Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Qing Lu
- Center of Bio and Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Joe H C Chau
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- Center of Bio and Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Min-Hui Li
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University Paris, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris 75005 Paris France
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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Cyclovirobuxine D protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy by activating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6427. [PMID: 32286474 PMCID: PMC7156511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the principal cause of death in people with diabetes. However, there is currently no effective strategy to prevent the development of DCM. Although cyclovirobuxine D (CVB-D) has been widely used to treat multiple cardiovascular diseases, the possible beneficial effects of CVB-D on DCM remained unknown. The present aim was to explore the potential effects and underlying mechanisms of CVB-D on DCM. We explored the effects of CVB-D in DCM by using high fat high sucrose diet and streptozotocin-induced rat DCM model. Cardiac function and survival in rats with DCM were improved via the amelioration of oxidative damage after CVB-D treatment. Our data also demonstrated that pre-treatment with CVB-D exerted a remarkable cytoprotective effect against high glucose -or H2O2 -induced neonatal rat cardiomyocyte damage via the suppression of reactive oxygen species accumulation and restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential; this effect was associated with promotion of Nrf2 nuclear translocation and its downstream antioxidative stress signals (NQO-1, Prdx1). Overall, the present data has provided the first evidence that CVB-D has potential therapeutic in DCM, mainly by activation of the Nrf2 signalling pathway to suppress oxidative stress. Our findings also have positive implications on the novel promising clinical applications of CVB-D.
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