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Pellikaan K, Nguyen NQC, Rosenberg AGW, Coupaye M, Goldstone AP, Høybye C, Markovic T, Grugni G, Crinò A, Caixàs A, Poitou C, Corripio R, Nieuwenhuize RM, van der Lely AJ, de Graaff LCG. Malignancies in Prader-Willi Syndrome: Results From a Large International Cohort and Literature Review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1720-e1730. [PMID: 37267430 PMCID: PMC10655548 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex disorder combining hypothalamic dysfunction, neurodevelopmental delay, hypotonia, and hyperphagia with risk of obesity and its complications. PWS is caused by the loss of expression of the PWS critical region, a cluster of paternally expressed genes on chromosome 15q11.2-q13. As life expectancy of patients with PWS increases, age-related diseases like malignancies might pose a new threat to health. OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of malignancies in patients with PWS and to provide clinical recommendations for cancer screening. METHODS We included 706 patients with PWS (160 children, 546 adults). We retrospectively collected data from medical records on past or current malignancies, the type of malignancy, and risk factors for malignancy. Additionally, we searched the literature for information about the relationship between genes on chromosome 15q11.2-q13 and malignancies. RESULTS Seven adults (age range, 18-55 years) had been diagnosed with a malignancy (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, intracranial hemangiopericytoma, melanoma, stomach adenocarcinoma, biliary cancer, parotid adenocarcinoma, and colon cancer). All patients with a malignancy had a paternal 15q11-13 deletion. The literature review showed that several genes on chromosome 15q11.2-q13 are related to malignancies. CONCLUSION Malignancies are rare in patients with PWS. Therefore, screening for malignancies is only indicated when clinically relevant symptoms are present, such as unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, symptoms suggestive of paraneoplastic syndrome, or localizing symptoms. Given the increased cancer risk associated with obesity, which is common in PWS, participation in national screening programs should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn Pellikaan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Adults with Rare Genetic Syndromes, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Center of Reference for Prader–Willi Syndrome, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Growth Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi Q C Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna G W Rosenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Adults with Rare Genetic Syndromes, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Center of Reference for Prader–Willi Syndrome, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Growth Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel Coupaye
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Rare Diseases Center of Reference ‘Prader-Willi Syndrome and Obesity with Eating Disorders’ (PRADORT), Nutrition Department, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutriomics, F75013 Paris, France
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome (INfoRMEd-PWS)
| | - Anthony P Goldstone
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome (INfoRMEd-PWS)
- PsychoNeuroEndocrinology Research Group, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Imperial Centre for Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Charlotte Høybye
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome (INfoRMEd-PWS)
- ENDO-ERN (European Reference Network)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tania Markovic
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome (INfoRMEd-PWS)
- Metabolism & Obesity Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Graziano Grugni
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome (INfoRMEd-PWS)
- ENDO-ERN (European Reference Network)
- Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20095 Piancavallo VB, Italy
| | - Antonino Crinò
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome (INfoRMEd-PWS)
- Reference Center for Prader-Willi syndrome, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Research Institute, 00165 Palidoro (Rome), Italy
| | - Assumpta Caixàs
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome (INfoRMEd-PWS)
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT) and Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Christine Poitou
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Rare Diseases Center of Reference ‘Prader-Willi Syndrome and Obesity with Eating Disorders’ (PRADORT), Nutrition Department, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutriomics, F75013 Paris, France
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome (INfoRMEd-PWS)
- ENDO-ERN (European Reference Network)
| | - Raquel Corripio
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Research and Innovation Institute Parc Taulí I3PT, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Rosa M Nieuwenhuize
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aart J van der Lely
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- ENDO-ERN (European Reference Network)
| | - Laura C G de Graaff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Adults with Rare Genetic Syndromes, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Center of Reference for Prader–Willi Syndrome, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Growth Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome (INfoRMEd-PWS)
- ENDO-ERN (European Reference Network)
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Dobson L, Barrell WB, Seraj Z, Lynham S, Wu SY, Krause M, Liu KJ. GSK3 and lamellipodin balance lamellipodial protrusions and focal adhesion maturation in mouse neural crest migration. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113030. [PMID: 37632751 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural crest cells are multipotent cells that delaminate from the neuroepithelium, migrating throughout the embryo. Aberrant migration causes developmental defects. Animal models are improving our understanding of neural crest anomalies, but in vivo migration behaviors are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that murine neural crest cells display actin-based lamellipodia and filopodia in vivo. Using neural crest-specific knockouts or inhibitors, we show that the serine-threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and the cytoskeletal regulator lamellipodin (Lpd) are required for lamellipodia formation while preventing focal adhesion maturation. Lpd is a substrate of GSK3, and phosphorylation of Lpd favors interactions with the Scar/WAVE complex (lamellipodia formation) at the expense of VASP and Mena interactions (adhesion maturation and filopodia formation). This improved understanding of cytoskeletal regulation in mammalian neural crest migration has general implications for neural crest anomalies and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Dobson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - William B Barrell
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Zahra Seraj
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Steven Lynham
- Centre for Excellence for Mass Spectrometry, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Sheng-Yuan Wu
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Matthias Krause
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Karen J Liu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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3
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Lin Z, Wu Z, Yuan Y, Zhong W, Luo W. m7G-related genes predict prognosis and affect the immune microenvironment and drug sensitivity in osteosarcoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1158775. [PMID: 37654606 PMCID: PMC10466804 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1158775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma (OS), a primary malignant bone tumor, confronts therapeutic challenges rooted in multidrug resistance. Comprehensive understanding of disease occurrence and progression is imperative for advancing treatment strategies. m7G modification, an emerging post-transcriptional modification implicated in various diseases, may provide new insights to explore OS pathogenesis and progression. Methods: The m7G-related molecular landscape in OS was probed using diverse bioinformatics analyses, encompassing LASSO Cox regression, immune infiltration assessment, and drug sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of AZD2014 for OS was investigated through cell apoptosis and cycle assays. Eventually, multivariate Cox analysis and experimental validations, were conducted to investigate the independent prognostic m7G-related genes. Results: A comprehensive m7G-related risk model incorporating eight signatures was established, with corresponding risk scores correlated with immune infiltration and drug sensitivity. Drug sensitivity analysis spotlighted AZD2014 as a potential therapeutic candidate for OS. Subsequent experiments corroborated AZD2014's capability to induce G1-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in OS cells. Ultimately, multivariate Cox regression analysis unveiled the independent prognostic importance of CYFIP1 and EIF4A1, differential expressions of which were validated at histological and cytological levels. Conclusion: This study furnishes a profound understanding of the contribution of m7G-related genes to the pathogenesis of OS. The discerned therapeutic potential of AZD2014, in conjunction with the identification of CYFIP1 and EIF4A1 as independent risk factors, opens novel vistas for the treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhao Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
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Chen H, Williams KE, Kwan EY, Kapidzic M, Puckett KA, San A, Fisher SJ, Robinson JF. Proteomic analyses of primary human villous trophoblasts exposed to flame retardant BDE-47 using SWATH-MS. Toxicology 2023; 494:153583. [PMID: 37385330 PMCID: PMC10864010 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of brominated flame retardants and recognized developmental toxicants that are detectable in placental tissues. Higher levels of in utero PBDE exposure have been associated with an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. During pregnancy, cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) from the placenta play critical roles in the formation of the maternal-fetal interface via uterine invasion and vascular remodeling. The differentiation of these cells towards an invasive phenotype is crucial for proper placental development. We previously have shown that BDE-47 can impact CTB viability and hinder the ability of these cells to migrate and invade. To expand on potential toxicological mechanisms, we utilized quantitative proteomic approaches to identify changes in the global proteome of mid-gestation primary human CTBs after exposure to BDE-47. Using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment-ion spectra (SWATH), we identified 3024 proteins in our CTB model of differentiation/invasion. Over 200 proteins were impacted as a function of BDE-47 exposure (1 μM and 5 μM) across the treatment period (15, 24, and 39 h). The differentially expressed molecules displayed time- and concentration-dependent changes in expression and were enriched in pathways associated with aggregatory and adhesive processes. Network analysis identified CYFIP1, a molecule previously unexplored in a placental context, to be dysregulated at BDE-47 concentrations previously seen to impact CTB migration/invasion. Our SWATH-MS dataset thus demonstrates BDE-47 impacts the global proteome of differentiating CTBs and serves as a valuable resource for further understanding of the relationship between environmental chemical exposures and placental development and function. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIAL: Raw chromatograms are deposited on the MassIVE proteomic database (https://massive.ucsd.edu) under accession number MSV000087870. Normalized relative abundances are also available as Table S1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Katherine E Williams
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elaine Y Kwan
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mirhan Kapidzic
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenisha A Puckett
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ali San
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan J Fisher
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua F Robinson
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
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5
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Mariano V, Kanellopoulos AK, Aiello G, Lo AC, Legius E, Achsel T, Bagni C. SREBP modulates the NADP +/NADPH cycle to control night sleep in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2023; 14:763. [PMID: 36808152 PMCID: PMC9941135 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep behavior is conserved throughout evolution, and sleep disturbances are a frequent comorbidity of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the molecular basis underlying sleep dysfunctions in neurological diseases remains elusive. Using a model for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), the Drosophila Cytoplasmic FMR1 interacting protein haploinsufficiency (Cyfip85.1/+), we identify a mechanism modulating sleep homeostasis. We show that increased activity of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) in Cyfip85.1/+ flies induces an increase in the transcription of wakefulness-associated genes, such as the malic enzyme (Men), causing a disturbance in the daily NADP+/NADPH ratio oscillations and reducing sleep pressure at the night-time onset. Reduction in SREBP or Men activity in Cyfip85.1/+ flies enhances the NADP+/NADPH ratio and rescues the sleep deficits, indicating that SREBP and Men are causative for the sleep deficits in Cyfip heterozygous flies. This work suggests modulation of the SREBP metabolic axis as a new avenue worth exploring for its therapeutic potential in sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Mariano
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | | | - Giuseppe Aiello
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland
| | - Adrian C Lo
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland
| | - Eric Legius
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Tilmann Achsel
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Bagni
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1005, Switzerland. .,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy.
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Zhang R, Xia Y, Dong J, Ju X, Zhou K, Cao X, Li J, Ru J, Guo M, Zhang S. Comprehensive Analysis of m7G-Related Genes and Chronic Hepatitis B: Diagnostic Markers, Immune Microenvironment Regulation, Disease Progression. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:9471520. [PMID: 37206976 PMCID: PMC10191754 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9471520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major public health problem in the world. It is the main cause of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Although many important roles of RNA modification in stem cells or tumor diseases have been identified, the role of N7-methylguanosine (m7G) modification in the process of chronic HBV infection has not been clearly defined. Therefore, we conducted a systematic analysis on the process of chronic HBV infection. We found that a total of 18 m7G-related genes were altered in chronic HBV infection, and then we screened out CHB potential diagnostic biomarkers using machine learning and random forest methods. RT-qPCR was performed on the samples of healthy people and CHB, which further verified the possibility of being a diagnostic marker. Then, we typed CHB patients based on these 18 genes. We found that the immune microenvironment of different subtypes was different. Among them, patients with subtype-Ⅰ had severe immune response, that is, relatively serious immune cell infiltration, rich immune pathways, relatively many HLA genes, and immune checkpoints. Finally, we conducted an in-depth discussion on our m7G-related genes, and found that m7G gene related to immune cell infiltration may be involved in the disease progression of CHB patients, which was also confirmed in the GSE84044 dataset. In conclusion, m7G-related genes can not only serve as diagnostic markers of CHB, but also participate in the regulation of immune microenvironment and play an important role in the progression of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzheng Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianming Dong
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomei Ju
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyang Cao
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaqiu Ru
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Mengrui Guo
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuyun Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Um H, Jeong H, Lee B, Kim Y, Lee J, Roh JS, Lee SG, Park HR, Robinson WH, Sohn DH. FAT10 Induces cancer cell migration by stabilizing phosphorylated ABI3/NESH. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2023; 27:53-60. [PMID: 36926204 PMCID: PMC10013321 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2186486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) is involved in various cellular processes by regulating actin polymerization. The dysregulation of WRC components is associated with cancer development. ABI family member 3 (ABI3)/new molecule including SH3 (NESH) is one of the WRC components and it has been reported that ABI3 phosphorylation can affect WRC function. Although several residues of ABI3 have been reported to be possible phosphorylation sites, it is still unclear which residues are important for the function of ABI3. Furthermore, it is unclear how the phosphorylated form of ABI3 is regulated. Here, we demonstrate that ABI3 is stabilized by its interaction with human leukocyte antigen-F adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10). Using phospho-dead or phospho-mimetic mutants of ABI3, we showed that serine 213 and 216 are important phosphorylation sites of ABI3. In particular, FAT10 has a higher affinity for the phosphorylated form of ABI3 than the non-phosphorylated form, and it stabilizes the phosphorylated form more than the non-phosphorylated form through this differential affinity. The interaction between FAT10 and the phosphorylated form of ABI3 promoted cancer cell migration. Therefore, our results suggest that FAT10 stabilizes the phosphorylated form of ABI3, which may lead to WRC activation, thereby promoting cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Um
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoim Jeong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomgu Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerin Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Roh
- Department of Herbal Prescription, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Geun Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Ryoun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - William H Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Dong Hyun Sohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Wang D, Mo Y, Zhang D, Bai Y. Analysis of m 7G methylation modification patterns and pulmonary vascular immune microenvironment in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1014509. [PMID: 36544768 PMCID: PMC9762157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1014509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background M7G methylation modification plays an important role in cardiovascular disease development. Dysregulation of the immune microenvironment is closely related to the pathogenesis of PAH. However, it is unclear whether m7G methylation is involved in the progress of PAH by affecting the immune microenvironment. Methods The gene expression profile of PAH was obtained from the GEO database, and the m7G regulatory factors were analyzed for differences. Machine learning algorithms were used to screen characteristic genes, including the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, random forest, and support vector machine recursive feature elimination analysis. Constructed a nomogram model, and receiver operating characteristic was used to evaluate the diagnosis of disease characteristic genes value. Next, we used an unsupervised clustering method to perform consistent clustering analysis on m7G differential genes. Used the ssGSEA algorithm to estimate the relationship between the m7G regulator in PAH and immune cell infiltration and analyze the correlation with disease-characteristic genes. Finally, the listed drugs were evaluated through the screened signature genes. Results We identified 15 kinds of m7G differential genes. CYFIP1, EIF4E, and IFIT5 were identified as signature genes by the machine learning algorithm. Meanwhile, two m7G molecular subtypes were identified by consensus clustering (cluster A/B). In addition, immune cell infiltration analysis showed that activated CD4 T cells, regulatory T cells, and type 2 T helper cells were upregulated in m7G cluster B, CD56 dim natural killer cells, MDSC, and monocyte were upregulated in the m7G cluster A. It might be helpful to select Calpain inhibitor I and Everolimus for the treatment of PAH. Conclusion Our study identified CYFIP1, EIF4E, and IFIT5 as novel diagnostic biomarkers in PAH. Furthermore, their association with immune cell infiltration may facilitate the development of immune therapy in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanfei Mo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dongfang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,*Correspondence: Yang Bai, ; Dongfang Zhang,
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,*Correspondence: Yang Bai, ; Dongfang Zhang,
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Li XY, Zhao ZJ, Wang JB, Shao YH, Hui-Liu, You JX, Yang XT. m7G Methylation-Related Genes as Biomarkers for Predicting Overall Survival Outcomes for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:849756. [PMID: 35620469 PMCID: PMC9127183 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.849756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The search for prognostic biomarkers and the construction of a prognostic risk model for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on N7-methyladenosine (m7G) methylation regulators. Methods: HCC transcriptomic data and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, respectively. m7G methylation regulators were extracted, differential expression analysis was performed using the R software "limma" package, and one-way Cox regression analysis was used to screen for prognostic associations of m7G regulators. Using multi-factor Cox regression analysis, a prognostic risk model for HCC was constructed. Each patient's risk score was calculated using the model, and patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups according to the median risk score. Cox regression analysis was used to verify the validity of the model in the prognostic assessment of HCC in conjunction with clinicopathological characteristics. Results: The prognostic model was built using the seven genes, namely, CYFIP1, EIF4E2, EIF4G3, GEMIN5, NCBP2, NUDT10, and WDR4. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed poorer 5-years overall survival in the high-risk group compared with the low-risk group, and the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve suggested good model prediction (area under the curve AUC = 0.775, 0.820, and 0.839 at 1, 3, and 5 years). The Cox regression analysis included model risk scores and clinicopathological characteristics, and the results showed that a high-risk score was the only independent risk factor for the prognosis of patients with HCC. Conclusions: The developed bioinformatics-based prognostic risk model for HCC was found to have good predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Bing Wang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Hao Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Xiong You
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Tao Yang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Ma R, Pang K, Kang H, Zhang Y, Bang G, Park S, Hwang E, Ryu JR, Kwon Y, Kang HR, Jin C, Kim Y, Kim SY, Kwon SK, Kim D, Sun W, Kim JY, Han K. Protein interactome and cell-type expression analyses reveal that cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 1 (CYFIP1), but not CYFIP2, associates with astrocytic focal adhesion. J Neurochem 2022; 162:190-206. [PMID: 35567753 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The two members of the cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein family, CYFIP1 and CYFIP2, are evolutionarily conserved multifunctional proteins whose defects are associated with distinct types of brain disorders. Even with high sequence homology between CYFIP1 and CYFIP2, several lines of evidence indicate their different functions in the brain; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we performed reciprocal immunoprecipitation experiments using CYFIP1-2×Myc and CYFIP2-3×Flag knock-in mice and found that CYFIP1 and CYFIP2 are not significantly co-immunoprecipitated with each other in the knock-in brains compared to negative control wild-type brains. Moreover, CYFIP1 and CYFIP2 showed different size distributions by size-exclusion chromatography of wild-type mouse brains. Specifically, mass spectrometry-based analysis of CYFIP1-2×Myc knock-in brains identified 131 proteins in the CYFIP1 interactome. Comparison of the CYFIP1 interactome with the previously identified brain region- and age-matched CYFIP2 interactome, consisting of 140 proteins, revealed only eight common proteins. Investigations using single-cell RNA-sequencing databases suggested non-neuronal cell- and neuron-enriched expression of Cyfip1 and Cyfip2, respectively. At the protein level, CYFIP1 was detected in both neurons and astrocytes, while CYFIP2 was detected only in neurons, suggesting the predominant expression of CYFIP1 in astrocytes. Bioinformatic characterization of the CYFIP1 interactome, and co-expression analysis of Cyfip1 with astrocytic genes, commonly linked CYFIP1 with focal adhesion proteins. Immunocytochemical analysis and proximity ligation assay suggested partial co-localization of CYFIP1 and focal adhesion proteins in cultured astrocytes. Together, these results suggest a CYFIP1-specific association with astrocytic focal adhesion, which may contribute to the different brain functions and dysfunctions of CYFIP1 and CYFIP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kaifang Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yinhua Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Geul Bang
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang 28119, Republic of Korea.,Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Park
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunha Hwang
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ryun Ryu
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kwon
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug discovery platform research center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyae Rim Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunmei Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Brain Science Institute, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Kyu Kwon
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Brain Science Institute, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoun Kim
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug discovery platform research center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.,Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihoon Han
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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11
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Jia R, Song L, Fei Z, Qin C, Zhao Q. Long noncoding RNA Ftx regulates the protein expression profile in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. Proteome Sci 2022; 20:7. [PMID: 35490216 PMCID: PMC9055732 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-022-00187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) five prime to Xist (Ftx) is involved in distant metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate Ftx alteration-induced proteomic changes in the highly metastatic CRC cell line HCT116. Methods Tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics analysis was performed to detect the differential protein expression in Ftx-overexpressing and Ftx-silenced HCT116 cells. The differentially expressed proteins were classified and characterized by bioinformatics analyses, including gene ontology (GO) annotation, GO/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway/protein domain enrichment analyses, as well as hierarchical clustering. A total of 5471 proteins were quantified, and the proteins with |fold change|≥ 1.2 and p < 0.05 were identified as differentially expressed proteins in response to Ftx overexpression or silencing. Results The bioinformatics analyses revealed that the differentially expressed proteins were involved in a wide range of GO terms and KEGG signaling pathways and contained multiple protein domains. These terms, pathways, and protein domains were associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis in CRC. Conclusions Our results indicate that the alteration of Ftx expression induces proteomic changes in highly metastatic HCT116 cells, suggesting that Ftx and its downstream molecules and signaling pathways could be potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzhen Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Lixia District, No. 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Lulu Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Lixia District, No. 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Chengyong Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Lixia District, No. 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Lixia District, No. 44, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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12
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Tong J, Meng X, Lv Q, Yuan H, Li W, Xiao W, Zhang X. The Downregulation of Prognosis- and Immune Infiltration-Related Gene CYFIP2 Serves as a Novel Target in ccRCC. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:6587-6599. [PMID: 34703279 PMCID: PMC8523908 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s335713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence indicated that the aberrant expression of the cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein (CYFIP) family might possess critical role and potential functions in cancer. But the role of CYFIP2 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is still uncharacteristic. Methods We investigated the Cancer Genome Atlas Kidney Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA-KIRC) database for the expression profile, clinicopathological variables, clinical prognosis information, and promoter methylation levels of CYFIPs in ccRCC. The aberrant CYFIP2 protein expression was validated by the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to uncover CYFIP2 mRNA levels in 28 pairs of ccRCC cancer tissues. Kaplan–Meier analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression were performed to assess CYFIPs’ prognosis value. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to determined hallmark functions, gene ontology of CYFIP2. TIMER database was utilized to assess the correlation with immune infiltration in ccRCC. Results Results showed CYFIP2 was downregulated in ccRCC, relative to paired normal tissues in TCGA-KIRC database and 28 pairs of clinical samples (P < 0.0001). Similarly, a decreased CYFIP2 protein expression was confirmed by ccRCC tissues. The results showed CYFIP2 was negatively regulated by promoter DNA methylation. Survival analysis results showed CYFIP2 could be an independent biomarker for ccRCC and its reduction predicted a poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). GSEA showed CYFIP2 was involved in metabolic pathways and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Immune infiltration analysis revealed that a list of immune markers was significantly correlated with CYFIP2 expression especially with CD4+ cells and CD8+ cells in ccRCC. Conclusion These results show that CYFIP2 was downregulated in ccRCC patients and predicted an unfavorable prognosis. CYFIP2 might be a potential novel prognostic molecule, and related to immune infiltration, the metabolism, as well as EMT process in ccRCC. CYFIP2 could act as tumor suppressor gene in ccRCC and positive modulation of CYFIP2 might lead to development of a novel strategy for ccRCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Tong
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangui Meng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyang Lv
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Yuan
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiquan Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
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13
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Control of the eIF4E activity: structural insights and pharmacological implications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6869-6885. [PMID: 34541613 PMCID: PMC8558276 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The central role of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) in controlling mRNA translation has been clearly assessed in the last decades. eIF4E function is essential for numerous physiological processes, such as protein synthesis, cellular growth and differentiation; dysregulation of its activity has been linked to ageing, cancer onset and progression and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). The interaction between eIF4E and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) is crucial for the assembly of the translational machinery, the initial step of mRNA translation. A well-characterized group of proteins, named 4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs), inhibits the eIF4E–eIF4G interaction by competing for the same binding site on the eIF4E surface. 4E-BPs and eIF4G share a single canonical motif for the interaction with a conserved hydrophobic patch of eIF4E. However, a second non-canonical and not conserved binding motif was recently detected for eIF4G and several 4E-BPs. Here, we review the structural features of the interaction between eIF4E and its molecular partners eIF4G and 4E-BPs, focusing on the implications of the recent structural and biochemical evidence for the development of new therapeutic strategies. The design of novel eIF4E-targeting molecules that inhibit translation might provide new avenues for the treatment of several conditions.
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14
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Cappetta M, Fernandez L, Brignoni L, Artagaveytia N, Bonilla C, López M, Esteller M, Bertoni B, Berdasco M. Discovery of novel DNA methylation biomarkers for non-invasive sporadic breast cancer detection in the Latino population. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:473-486. [PMID: 33145876 PMCID: PMC7858097 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human diversity is one of the main pitfalls in the development of robust worldwide biomarkers in oncology. Epigenetic variability across human populations is associated with different genetic backgrounds, as well as variable lifestyles and environmental exposures, each of which should be investigated. To identify potential non-invasive biomarkers of sporadic breast cancer in the Uruguayan population, we studied genome-wide DNA methylation using Illumina methylation arrays in leukocytes of 22 women with sporadic breast cancer and 10 healthy women in a case-control study. We described a panel of 38 differentially methylated CpG positions that was able to cluster breast cancer patients (BCP) and controls, and that also recapitulated methylation differences in 12 primary breast tumors and their matched normal breast tissue. Moving forward, we simplified the detection method to improve its applicability in a clinical setting and used an independent well-characterized cohort of 80 leukocyte DNA samples from BCP and 80 healthy controls to validate methylation results at specific cancer-related genes. Our investigations identified methylation at CYFIP1 as a novel epigenetic biomarker candidate for sporadic breast cancer in the Uruguayan population. These results provide a proof-of-concept for the design of larger studies aimed at validating biomarker panels for the Latin American population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Cappetta
- Departamento de GenéticaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
| | - Lucía Fernandez
- Departamento de GenéticaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
| | - Lucía Brignoni
- Departamento de GenéticaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
| | - Nora Artagaveytia
- Departamento Básico de MedicinaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
| | - Carolina Bonilla
- Departamento de Medicina PreventivaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de São PauloBrazil
- Population Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolUK
| | - Miguel López
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC)Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
- Epigenetic Therapies Group, Experimental and Clinical Hematology Program (PHEC)Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC)BadalonaSpain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer and Leukemia Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBCL)Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC)BadalonaSpain
- Physiological Sciences DepartmentSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of BarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Bernardo Bertoni
- Departamento de GenéticaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
| | - María Berdasco
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC)Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
- Epigenetic Therapies Group, Experimental and Clinical Hematology Program (PHEC)Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC)BadalonaSpain
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15
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Mierke CT. Mechanical Cues Affect Migration and Invasion of Cells From Three Different Directions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:583226. [PMID: 33043017 PMCID: PMC7527720 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.583226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration and invasion is a key driving factor for providing essential cellular functions under physiological conditions or the malignant progression of tumors following downward the metastatic cascade. Although there has been plentiful of molecules identified to support the migration and invasion of cells, the mechanical aspects have not yet been explored in a combined and systematic manner. In addition, the cellular environment has been classically and frequently assumed to be homogeneous for reasons of simplicity. However, motility assays have led to various models for migration covering only some aspects and supporting factors that in some cases also include mechanical factors. Instead of specific models, in this review, a more or less holistic model for cell motility in 3D is envisioned covering all these different aspects with a special emphasis on the mechanical cues from a biophysical perspective. After introducing the mechanical aspects of cell migration and invasion and presenting the heterogeneity of extracellular matrices, the three distinct directions of cell motility focusing on the mechanical aspects are presented. These three different directions are as follows: firstly, the commonly used invasion tests using structural and structure-based mechanical environmental signals; secondly, the mechano-invasion assay, in which cells are studied by mechanical forces to migrate and invade; and thirdly, cell mechanics, including cytoskeletal and nuclear mechanics, to influence cell migration and invasion. Since the interaction between the cell and the microenvironment is bi-directional in these assays, these should be accounted in migration and invasion approaches focusing on the mechanical aspects. Beyond this, there is also the interaction between the cytoskeleton of the cell and its other compartments, such as the cell nucleus. In specific, a three-element approach is presented for addressing the effect of mechanics on cell migration and invasion by including the effect of the mechano-phenotype of the cytoskeleton, nucleus and the cell's microenvironment into the analysis. In precise terms, the combination of these three research approaches including experimental techniques seems to be promising for revealing bi-directional impacts of mechanical alterations of the cellular microenvironment on cells and internal mechanical fluctuations or changes of cells on the surroundings. Finally, different approaches are discussed and thereby a model for the broad impact of mechanics on cell migration and invasion is evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Tang Q, Schaks M, Koundinya N, Yang C, Pollard LW, Svitkina TM, Rottner K, Goode BL. WAVE1 and WAVE2 have distinct and overlapping roles in controlling actin assembly at the leading edge. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2168-2178. [PMID: 32697617 PMCID: PMC7550694 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-12-0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SCAR/WAVE proteins and Arp2/3 complex assemble branched actin networks at the leading edge. Two isoforms of SCAR/WAVE, WAVE1 and WAVE2, reside at the leading edge, yet it has remained unclear whether they perform similar or distinct roles. Further, there have been conflicting reports about the Arp2/3-independent biochemical activities of WAVE1 on actin filament elongation. To investigate this in vivo, we knocked out WAVE1 and WAVE2 genes, individually and together, in B16-F1 melanoma cells. We demonstrate that WAVE1 and WAVE2 are redundant for lamellipodia formation and motility. However, there is a significant decrease in the rate of leading edge actin extension in WAVE2 KO cells, and an increase in WAVE1 KO cells. The faster rates of actin extension in WAVE1 KO cells are offset by faster retrograde flow, and therefore do not translate into faster lamellipodium protrusion. Thus, WAVE1 restricts the rate of actin extension at the leading edge, and appears to couple actin networks to the membrane to drive protrusion. Overall, these results suggest that WAVE1 and WAVE2 have redundant roles in promoting Arp2/3-dependent actin nucleation and lamellipodia formation, but distinct roles in controlling actin network extension and harnessing network growth to cell protrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tang
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454
| | - Matthias Schaks
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Neha Koundinya
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454
| | - Changsong Yang
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Tatyana M Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bruce L Goode
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454
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17
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Whitelaw JA, Swaminathan K, Kage F, Machesky LM. The WAVE Regulatory Complex Is Required to Balance Protrusion and Adhesion in Migration. Cells 2020; 9:E1635. [PMID: 32646006 PMCID: PMC7407199 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells migrating over 2D substrates are required to polymerise actin at the leading edge to form lamellipodia protrusions and nascent adhesions to anchor the protrusion to the substrate. The major actin nucleator in lamellipodia formation is the Arp2/3 complex, which is activated by the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC). Using inducible Nckap1 floxed mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), we confirm that the WRC is required for lamellipodia formation, and importantly, for generating the retrograde flow of actin from the leading cell edge. The loss of NCKAP1 also affects cell spreading and focal adhesion dynamics. In the absence of lamellipodium, cells can become elongated and move with a single thin pseudopod, which appears devoid of N-WASP. This phenotype was more prevalent on collagen than fibronectin, where we observed an increase in migratory speed. Thus, 2D cell migration on collagen is less dependent on branched actin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karthic Swaminathan
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (K.S.); (L.M.M.)
- School of Chemistry and Bioscience, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1PD, UK
| | - Frieda Kage
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755-3844, USA;
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Laura M. Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (K.S.); (L.M.M.)
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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18
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Clark KL, Keating AF. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated coordinates the ovarian DNA repair and atresia-initiating response to phosphoramide mustard. Biol Reprod 2020; 102:248-260. [PMID: 31435664 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) protein recognizes and repairs DNA double strand breaks through activation of cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair proteins. Atm gene mutations increase female reproductive cancer risk. Phosphoramide mustard (PM) induces ovarian DNA damage and destroys primordial follicles, and pharmacological ATM inhibition prevents PM-induced follicular depletion. Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 or Atm+/- mice were dosed once intraperitoneally with sesame oil (95%) or PM (25 mg/kg) in the proestrus phase of the estrous cycle and ovaries harvested 3 days thereafter. Atm+/- mice spent ~25% more time in diestrus phase than WT. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) on ovarian protein was performed and bioinformatically analyzed. Relative to WT, Atm+/- mice had 64 and 243 proteins increased or decreased in abundance, respectively. In WT mice, PM increased 162 and decreased 20 proteins. In Atm+/- mice, 173 and 37 proteins were increased and decreased, respectively, by PM. Exportin-2 (XPO2) was localized to granulosa cells of all follicle stages and was 7.2-fold greater in Atm+/- than WT mice. Cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 1 was 6.8-fold lower in Atm+/- mice and was located in the surface epithelium with apparent translocation to the ovarian medulla post-PM exposure. PM induced γH2AX, but fewer γH2AX-positive foci were identified in Atm+/- ovaries. Similarly, cleaved caspase-3 was lower in the Atm+/- PM-treated, relative to WT mice. These findings support ATM involvement in ovarian DNA repair and suggest that ATM functions to regulate ovarian atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L Clark
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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19
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Persistent Cyfip1 Expression Is Required to Maintain the Adult Subventricular Zone Neurogenic Niche. J Neurosci 2020; 40:2015-2024. [PMID: 31988061 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2249-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) persist throughout life in the subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenic niche of the lateral ventricles as Type B1 cells in adult mice. Maintaining this population of NSCs depends on the balance between quiescence and self-renewing or self-depleting cell divisions. Interactions between B1 cells and the surrounding niche are important in regulating this balance, but the mechanisms governing these processes have not been fully elucidated. The cytoplasmic FMRP-interacting protein (Cyfip1) regulates apical-basal polarity in the embryonic brain. Loss of Cyfip1 during embryonic development in mice disrupts the embryonic niche and affects cortical neurogenesis. However, a direct role for Cyfip1 in the regulation of adult NSCs has not been established. Here, we demonstrate that Cyfip1 expression is preferentially localized to B1 cells in the adult mouse SVZ. Loss of Cyfip1 in the embryonic mouse brain results in altered adult SVZ architecture and expansion of the adult B1 cell population at the ventricular surface. Furthermore, acute deletion of Cyfip1 in adult NSCs results in a rapid change in adherens junction proteins as well as increased proliferation and number of B1 cells at the ventricular surface. Together, these data indicate that Cyfip1 plays a critical role in the formation and maintenance of the adult SVZ niche; furthermore, deletion of Cyfip1 unleashes the capacity of adult B1 cells for symmetric renewal to increase the adult NSC pool.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles in adult mammals, and the size of this population is determined by the balance between quiescence and self-depleting or renewing cell division. The mechanisms regulating these processes are not fully understood. This study establishes that the cytoplasmic FMRP interacting protein 1 (Cyfip1) regulates NSC fate decisions in the adult subventricular zone and adult NSCs that are quiescent or typically undergo self-depleting divisions retain the ability to self-renew. These results contribute to our understanding of how adult NSCs are regulated throughout life and has potential implications for human brain disorders.
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20
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Kaplan A, Kutlu HM, Ciftci GA. Fe 3O 4 Nanopowders: Genomic and Apoptotic Evaluations on A549 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:708-721. [PMID: 31335223 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1643031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The magnetite nanoparticles are progressively used in a wide range of biological applications. In the present study, we purposed to show apoptosis-inducing ability of Fe3O4 nanopowders on A549 cells. In addition, the toxic effects of Fe3O4 nanopowders were researched on L929 cells. The cytotoxicity of Fe3O4 nanopowders were evaluated on A549 and L929 cells by MTT assay and inhibited cell proliferation by time and dose-dependent manner on A549 cells but was not toxic on L929 cells. According to these findings, IC30 value of Fe3O4 nanopowders was determined as 5 µM. The early and late apoptotic cells were detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay using IC30 concentration of Fe3O4 nanopowders. Furthermore, The IC30 value of Fe3O4 nanopowders was not effective in the activation of caspase-3 but was effective on loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. The apoptotic index of A549 cells was investigated and found out to increase by IC30 value of Fe3O4 nanopowders using TUNEL, BrdU, Bcl-2 immunocytochemical assays. The upregulated and downregulated genes were profiled and the presence of some apoptotic genes was determined with administration of IC30 value of Fe3O4 nanopowders by microarray assay. This work suggests that Fe3O4 nanopowders could be a good candidate for therapy of lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Kaplan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Hatice Mehtap Kutlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Gulsen Akalin Ciftci
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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21
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Whitelaw JA, Lilla S, Paul NR, Fort L, Zanivan S, Machesky LM. CYRI/ Fam49 Proteins Represent a New Class of Rac1 Interactors. Commun Integr Biol 2019; 12:112-118. [PMID: 31413787 PMCID: PMC6682259 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2019.1643665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fam49 proteins, now referred to as CYRI (CYFIP-related Rac Interactor), are evolutionarily conserved across many phyla. Their closest relative by amino acid sequence is CYFIP, as both proteins contain a domain of unknown function DUF1394. We recently showed that CYRI and the DUF1394 can mediate binding to Rac1 and evidence is building to suggest that CYRI plays important roles in cell migration, chemotaxis and pathogen entry into cells. Here we discuss how CYRI proteins fit into the current framework of the control of actin dynamics by positive and negative feedback loops containing Rac1, the Scar/WAVE Complex, the Arp2/3 Complex and branched actin. We also provide data regarding the interaction between Rac1 and CYRI in an unbiassed mass spectrometry screen for interactors of an active mutant of Rac1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Lilla
- CRUK Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nikki R. Paul
- CRUK Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Loic Fort
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sara Zanivan
- CRUK Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura M. Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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22
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Actin-Based Cell Protrusion in a 3D Matrix. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:823-834. [PMID: 29970282 PMCID: PMC6158345 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration controls developmental processes (gastrulation and tissue patterning), tissue homeostasis (wound repair and inflammatory responses), and the pathobiology of diseases (cancer metastasis and inflammation). Understanding how cells move in physiologically relevant environments is of major importance, and the molecular machinery behind cell movement has been well studied on 2D substrates, beginning over half a century ago. Studies over the past decade have begun to reveal the mechanisms that control cell motility within 3D microenvironments – some similar to, and some highly divergent from those found in 2D. In this review we focus on migration and invasion of cells powered by actin, including formation of actin-rich protrusions at the leading edge, and the mechanisms that control nuclear movement in cells moving in a 3D matrix. Cell migration has been well studied in 2D, but how this relates to movement in physiological 3D tissues and matrix is not clear, particularly in vertebrate interstitial matrix. In 3D matrix cells actin polymerisation directly contributes to the formation of lamellipodia to facilitate migration and invasion (mesenchymal movement), analogous to 2D migration; actomyosin contractility promotes bleb formation to indirectly promote protrusion (amoeboid movement). Mesenchymal migration can be characterised by polymerisation of actin to form filopodial protrusions, in the absence of lamellipodia. Translocation of the nucleus is emerging as a critical step due to the constrictive environment of 3D matrices, and the mechanisms that transmit force to the nucleus and allow movement are beginning to be uncovered.
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23
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Proquin H, Jetten MJ, Jonkhout MCM, Garduño-Balderas LG, Briedé JJ, de Kok TM, van Loveren H, Chirino YI. Transcriptomics analysis reveals new insights in E171-induced molecular alterations in a mouse model of colon cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9738. [PMID: 29950665 PMCID: PMC6021444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide as a food additive (E171) has been demonstrated to facilitate growth of chemically induced colorectal tumours in vivo and induce transcriptomic changes suggestive of an immune system impairment and cancer development. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the tumour stimulatory effects of E171 in combination with azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) and compare these results to a recent study performed under the same conditions with E171 only. BALB/c mice underwent exposure to 5 mg/kgbw/day of E171 by gavage for 2, 7, 14, and 21 days. Whole genome mRNA microarray analyses on the distal colon were performed. The results show that E171 induced a downregulation of genes involved in the innate and adaptive immune system, suggesting impairment of this system. In addition, over time, signalling genes involved in colorectal cancer and other types of cancers were modulated. In relation to cancer development, effects potentially associated with oxidative stress were observed through modulation of genes related to antioxidant production. E171 affected genes involved in biotransformation of xenobiotics which can form reactive intermediates resulting in toxicological effects. These transcriptomics data reflect the early biological responses induced by E171 which precede tumour formation in an AOM/DSS mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Proquin
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW institute of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marlon J Jetten
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW institute of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes C M Jonkhout
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW institute of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jacob J Briedé
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW institute of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW institute of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk van Loveren
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW institute of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Toxicología, Unidad de Biomedicina, FES-Iztacala, UNAM, Estado de México, Mexico.,IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, DE Düsseldorf, Germany
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24
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Molinie N, Gautreau A. The Arp2/3 Regulatory System and Its Deregulation in Cancer. Physiol Rev 2017; 98:215-238. [PMID: 29212790 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arp2/3 complex is an evolutionary conserved molecular machine that generates branched actin networks. When activated, the Arp2/3 complex contributes the actin branched junction and thus cross-links the polymerizing actin filaments in a network that exerts a pushing force. The different activators initiate branched actin networks at the cytosolic surface of different cellular membranes to promote their protrusion, movement, or scission in cell migration and membrane traffic. Here we review the structure, function, and regulation of all the direct regulators of the Arp2/3 complex that induce or inhibit the initiation of a branched actin network and that controls the stability of its branched junctions. Our goal is to present recent findings concerning novel inhibitory proteins or the regulation of the actin branched junction and place these in the context of what was previously known to provide a global overview of how the Arp2/3 complex is regulated in human cells. We focus on the human set of Arp2/3 regulators to compare normal Arp2/3 regulation in untransformed cells to the deregulation of the Arp2/3 system observed in patients affected by various cancers. In many cases, these deregulations promote cancer progression and have a direct impact on patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Molinie
- Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 7654, Palaiseau, France; and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Life Sciences Center, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Alexis Gautreau
- Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 7654, Palaiseau, France; and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Life Sciences Center, Dolgoprudny, Russia
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25
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Sasidharan S, Borinskaya S, Patel F, Bernadskaya Y, Mandalapu S, Agapito M, Soto MC. WAVE regulates Cadherin junction assembly and turnover during epithelial polarization. Dev Biol 2017; 434:133-148. [PMID: 29223862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Actin is an integral component of epithelial apical junctions, yet the interactions of branched actin regulators with apical junction components are still not clear. Biochemical data have shown that α-catenin inhibits Arp2/3-dependent branched actin. These results suggested that branched actin is only needed at earliest stages of apical junction development. We use live imaging in developing C. elegans embryos to test models for how WAVE-induced branched actin collaborates with other apical junction proteins during the essential process of junction formation and maturation. We uncover both early and late essential roles for WAVE in apical junction formation. Early, as the C. elegans intestinal epithelium becomes polarized, we find that WAVE components become enriched concurrently with the Cadherin components and before the DLG-1 apical accumulation. Live imaging of F-actin accumulation in polarizing intestine supports that the Cadherin complex components and branched actin regulators work together for apical actin enrichment. Later in junction development, the apical accumulation of WAVE and Cadherin components is shown to be interdependent: Cadherin complex loss alters WAVE accumulation, and WAVE complex loss increases Cadherin accumulation. To determine why Cadherin levels rise when WVE-1 is depleted, we use FRAP to analyze Cadherin dynamics and find that loss of WAVE as well as of the trafficking protein EHD-1/RME-1 increases Cadherin dynamics. EM studies in adults depleted of branched actin regulators support that WVE-1 maintains established junctions, presumably through its trafficking effect on Cadherin. Thus we propose a developmental model for junction formation where branched actin regulators are tightly interconnected with Cadherin junctions through their previously unappreciated role in Cadherin transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashikala Sasidharan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Sofya Borinskaya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Falshruti Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yelena Bernadskaya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Sailaja Mandalapu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Maria Agapito
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Martha C Soto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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26
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Moraes L, Zanchin NIT, Cerutti JM. ABI3, a component of the WAVE2 complex, is potentially regulated by PI3K/AKT pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67769-67781. [PMID: 28978070 PMCID: PMC5620210 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that ABI3 expression is lost in follicular thyroid carcinomas and its restoration significantly inhibited cell growth, invasiveness, migration, and reduced tumor growth in vivo. The mechanistic basis by which ABI3 exerts its tumor suppressive effects is not fully understood. In this study, we show that ABI3 is a phosphoprotein. Using proteomic array analysis, we showed that ABI3 modulated distinct cancer-related pathways in thyroid cancer cells. The KEA analysis found that PI3K substrates were enriched and forced expression of ABI3 markedly decreased the phosphorylation of AKT and the downstream-targeted protein pGSK3β. We next used immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry to identify ABI3-interacting proteins that may be involved in modulating/integrating signaling pathways. We identified 37 ABI3 partners, including several components of the canonical WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) such as WAVE2/CYF1P1/NAP1, suggesting that ABI3 function might be regulated through WRC. Both, pharmacological inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway and mutation at residue S342 of ABI3, which is predicted to be phosphorylated by AKT, provided evidences that the non-phosphorylated form of ABI3 is preferentially present in the WRC protein complex. Collectively, our findings suggest that ABI3 might be a downstream mediator of the PI3K/AKT pathway that might disrupt WRC via ABI3 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Moraes
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilson I T Zanchin
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Janete M Cerutti
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Dziunycz PJ, Neu J, Lefort K, Djerbi N, Freiberger SN, Iotzova-Weiss G, French LE, Dotto GP, Hofbauer GF. CYFIP1 is directly controlled by NOTCH1 and down-regulated in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173000. [PMID: 28410392 PMCID: PMC5391925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (SCC) represents one of the most common cancers in the general population and is associated with a substantial risk of metastasis. Previous work uncovered the functional role of CYFIP1 in epithelial tumors as an invasion inhibitor. It was down-regulated in some cancers and correlated with the metastatic properties of these malignant cells. We investigated its role and expression mechanisms in SCC. We analyzed the expression of CYFIP1 in patient derived SCC, primary keratinocytes and SCC cell lines, and correlated it to the differentiation and NOTCH1 levels. We analyzed the effects of Notch1 manipulation on CYFIP1 expression and confirmed the biding of Notch1 to the CYFIP1 promoter. CYFIP1 expression was down-regulated in SCC and correlated inversely with histological differentiation of tumors. As keratinocyte differentiation depends on Notch1 signaling, we investigated the influence of Notch1 on CYFIP1 expression. CYFIP1 mRNA was highly increased in human Notch1-overexpressing keratinocytes. Further manipulation of the Notch1 pathway in keratinocytes impacted CYFIP1 levels and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed the direct binding of Notch1 to the CYFIP1 promoter. CYFIP1 may be a link between loss of differentiation and invasive potential in malignant keratinocytes of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr J. Dziunycz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Neu
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Karine Lefort
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Djerbi
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Lars E. French
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gian-Paolo Dotto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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28
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Abekhoukh S, Sahin HB, Grossi M, Zongaro S, Maurin T, Madrigal I, Kazue-Sugioka D, Raas-Rothschild A, Doulazmi M, Carrera P, Stachon A, Scherer S, Drula Do Nascimento MR, Trembleau A, Arroyo I, Szatmari P, Smith IM, Milà M, Smith AC, Giangrande A, Caillé I, Bardoni B. New insights into the regulatory function of CYFIP1 in the context of WAVE- and FMRP-containing complexes. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:463-474. [PMID: 28183735 PMCID: PMC5399562 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.025809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic FMRP interacting protein 1 (CYFIP1) is a candidate gene for intellectual disability (ID), autism, schizophrenia and epilepsy. It is a member of a family of proteins that is highly conserved during evolution, sharing high homology with its Drosophila homolog, dCYFIP. CYFIP1 interacts with the Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP, encoded by the FMR1 gene), whose absence causes Fragile X syndrome, and with the translation initiation factor eIF4E. It is a member of the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC), thus representing a link between translational regulation and the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we present data showing a correlation between mRNA levels of CYFIP1 and other members of the WRC. This suggests a tight regulation of the levels of the WRC members, not only by post-translational mechanisms, as previously hypothesized. Moreover, we studied the impact of loss of function of both CYFIP1 and FMRP on neuronal growth and differentiation in two animal models - fly and mouse. We show that these two proteins antagonize each other's function not only during neuromuscular junction growth in the fly but also during new neuronal differentiation in the olfactory bulb of adult mice. Mechanistically, FMRP and CYFIP1 modulate mTor signaling in an antagonistic manner, likely via independent pathways, supporting the results obtained in mouse as well as in fly at the morphological level. Collectively, our results illustrate a new model to explain the cellular roles of FMRP and CYFIP1 and the molecular significance of their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Abekhoukh
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,CNRS UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, 06560 Valbonne, France.,CNRS Associated International Laboratory (LIA) 'Neogenex', 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - H Bahar Sahin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Mauro Grossi
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,CNRS UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, 06560 Valbonne, France.,CNRS Associated International Laboratory (LIA) 'Neogenex', 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Samantha Zongaro
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,CNRS UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, 06560 Valbonne, France.,CNRS Associated International Laboratory (LIA) 'Neogenex', 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Thomas Maurin
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,CNRS UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, 06560 Valbonne, France.,CNRS Associated International Laboratory (LIA) 'Neogenex', 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Irene Madrigal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.,IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniele Kazue-Sugioka
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,CNRS UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, 06560 Valbonne, France.,CNRS Associated International Laboratory (LIA) 'Neogenex', 06560 Valbonne, France.,Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Principe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil
| | - Annick Raas-Rothschild
- Institute of Rare Diseases, Institute of Medical Genetics, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Mohamed Doulazmi
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR8256, IBPS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, France
| | - Pilar Carrera
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Andrea Stachon
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Principe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil
| | - Steven Scherer
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8
| | | | - Alain Trembleau
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR8256, IBPS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, France
| | - Ignacio Arroyo
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada, M5G 1X8
| | - Isabel M Smith
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada, B3K 6R8
| | - Montserrat Milà
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.,IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adam C Smith
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Principe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto and Program in Laboratory Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Angela Giangrande
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67400 Illkirch, France.,CNRS, UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle Caillé
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR8256, IBPS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Barbara Bardoni
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France .,CNRS UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, 06560 Valbonne, France.,CNRS Associated International Laboratory (LIA) 'Neogenex', 06560 Valbonne, France
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Bramham CR, Jensen KB, Proud CG. Tuning Specific Translation in Cancer Metastasis and Synaptic Memory: Control at the MNK-eIF4E Axis. Trends Biochem Sci 2016; 41:847-858. [PMID: 27527252 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 4E, which binds to the 5'-cap of mRNA, undergoes phosphorylation on a single conserved serine, executed by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-interacting kinases (MNKs). However, the functional consequences and physiological roles of MNK signalling have remained obscure. Now, new pharmacological and genetic tools have provided unprecedented insights into the function of MNKs and eIF4E phosphorylation. The studies suggest that MNKs control the translation of specific mRNAs in cancer metastasis and neuronal synaptic plasticity by a novel mechanism involving the regulation of the translational repressor, cytoplasmic fragile-X protein-interacting protein 1 (CYFIP1). These recent breakthroughs go a long way to resolving the longstanding enigma and controversy surrounding the function of the MNK-eIF4E axis in cancer cell biology and neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive R Bramham
- Department of Biomedicine and KG Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kirk B Jensen
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Christopher G Proud
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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30
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Copy number variations encompassing the gene encoding Cyfip1 have been associated with a variety of human diseases, including autism and schizophrenia. Here we show that juvenile mice hemizygous for Cyfip1 have altered presynaptic function, enhanced protein translation, and increased levels of F-actin. In developing hippocampus, reduced Cyfip1 levels serve to decrease paired pulse facilitation and increase miniature EPSC frequency without a change in amplitude. Higher-resolution examination shows these changes to be caused primarily by an increase in presynaptic terminal size and enhanced vesicle release probability. Short hairpin-mediated knockdown of Cyfip1 coupled with expression of mutant Cyfip1 proteins indicates that the presynaptic alterations are caused by dysregulation of the WAVE regulatory complex. Such dysregulation occurs downstream of Rac1 as acute exposure to Rac1 inhibitors rescues presynaptic responses in culture and in hippocampal slices. The data serve to highlight an early and essential role for Cyfip1 in the generation of normally functioning synapses and suggest a means by which changes in Cyfip1 levels could impact the generation of neural networks and contribute to abnormal and maladaptive behaviors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Several developmental brain disorders have been associated with gene duplications and deletions that serve to increase or decrease levels of encoded proteins. Cyfip1 is one such protein, but the role it plays in brain development is poorly understood. We asked whether decreased Cyfip1 levels altered the function of developing synapses. The data show that synapses with reduced Cyfip1 are larger and release neurotransmitter more rapidly. These effects are due to Cyfip1's role in actin polymerization and are reversed by expression of a Cyfip1 mutant protein retaining actin regulatory function or by inhibiting Rac1. Thus, Cyfip1 has a more prominent early role regulating presynaptic activity during a stage of development when activity helps to define neural pathways.
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31
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King SJ, Asokan SB, Haynes EM, Zimmerman SP, Rotty JD, Alb JG, Tagliatela A, Blake DR, Lebedeva IP, Marston D, Johnson HE, Parsons M, Sharpless NE, Kuhlman B, Haugh JM, Bear JE. Lamellipodia are crucial for haptotactic sensing and response. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2329-42. [PMID: 27173494 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.184507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Haptotaxis is the process by which cells respond to gradients of substrate-bound cues, such as extracellular matrix proteins (ECM); however, the cellular mechanism of this response remains poorly understood and has mainly been studied by comparing cell behavior on uniform ECMs with different concentrations of components. To study haptotaxis in response to gradients, we utilized microfluidic chambers to generate gradients of the ECM protein fibronectin, and imaged the cell migration response. Lamellipodia are fan-shaped protrusions that are common in migrating cells. Here, we define a new function for lamellipodia and the cellular mechanism required for haptotaxis - differential actin and lamellipodial protrusion dynamics lead to biased cell migration. Modest differences in lamellipodial dynamics occurring over time periods of seconds to minutes are summed over hours to produce differential whole cell movement towards higher concentrations of fibronectin. We identify a specific subset of lamellipodia regulators as being crucial for haptotaxis. Numerous studies have linked components of this pathway to cancer metastasis and, consistent with this, we find that expression of the oncogenic Rac1 P29S mutation abrogates haptotaxis. Finally, we show that haptotaxis also operates through this pathway in 3D environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J King
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sreeja B Asokan
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Haynes
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Seth P Zimmerman
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeremy D Rotty
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James G Alb
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alicia Tagliatela
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Devon R Blake
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Irina P Lebedeva
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Daniel Marston
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Heath E Johnson
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Maddy Parsons
- King's College London, Randall Institute, London SE1 8RT, UK
| | - Norman E Sharpless
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Brian Kuhlman
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jason M Haugh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - James E Bear
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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32
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Sowalsky AG, Sager R, Schaefer RJ, Bratslavsky G, Pandolfi PP, Balk SP, Kotula L. Loss of Wave1 gene defines a subtype of lethal prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12383-91. [PMID: 25906751 PMCID: PMC4494945 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations involving TMPRSS2-ERG alterations and deletion of key tumor suppressor genes are associated with development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). However, less defined are early events that may contribute to the development of high-risk metastatic prostate cancer. Bioinformatic analysis of existing tumor genomic data from PCa patients revealed that WAVE complex gene alterations are associated with a greater likelihood of prostate cancer recurrence. Further analysis of primary vs. castration resistant prostate cancer indicate that disruption of WAVE complex gene expression, and particularly WAVE1 gene (WASF1) loss, is also associated with castration resistance, where WASF1 is frequently co-deleted with PTEN and resists androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Hence, we propose that WASF1 status defines a subtype of ADT-resistant patients. Better understanding of the effects of WAVE pathway disruption will lead to development of better diagnostic and treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Sowalsky
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rebecca Sager
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Rachel J Schaefer
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gennady Bratslavsky
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Steven P Balk
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Leszek Kotula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.,Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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33
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Arpin downregulation in breast cancer is associated with poor prognosis. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:545-53. [PMID: 26867158 PMCID: PMC4782208 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Arp2/3 complex is required for cell migration and invasion. The Arp2/3 complex and its activators, such as the WAVE complex, are deregulated in diverse cancers. Here we investigate the expression of Arpin, the Arp2/3 inhibitory protein that antagonises the WAVE complex. Methods: We used qRT–PCR and reverse phase protein arrays in a patient cohort with known clinical parameters and outcome, immunofluorescence in breast biopsy cryosections and breast cancer cell lines. Results: Arpin was downregulated at the mRNA and protein levels in mammary carcinoma cells. Arpin mRNA downregulation was associated with poor metastasis-free survival (MFS) on univariate analysis (P=0.022). High expression of the NCKAP1 gene that encodes a WAVE complex subunit was also associated with poor MFS on univariate analysis (P=0.0037) and was mutually exclusive with Arpin low. Arpin low or NCKAP1 high was an independent prognosis factor on multivariate analysis (P=0.0012) and was strongly associated with poor MFS (P=0.000064). Conclusions: Loss of the Arp2/3 inhibitory protein Arpin produces a similar poor outcome in breast cancer as high expression of the NCKAP1 subunit of the Arp2/3 activatory WAVE complex.
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34
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Cyfip1 is downregulated in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and may be a potential biomarker in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9285-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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35
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Paul NR, Allen JL, Chapman A, Morlan-Mairal M, Zindy E, Jacquemet G, Fernandez del Ama L, Ferizovic N, Green DM, Howe JD, Ehler E, Hurlstone A, Caswell PT. α5β1 integrin recycling promotes Arp2/3-independent cancer cell invasion via the formin FHOD3. J Cell Biol 2015; 210:1013-31. [PMID: 26370503 PMCID: PMC4576860 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201502040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab-coupling protein–mediated integrin trafficking promotes filopodia formation via RhoA-ROCK-FHOD3, generating non-lamellipodial actin spike protrusions that drive cancer cell migration in 3D extracellular matrix and in vivo. Invasive migration in 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to cancer metastasis, yet little is known of the molecular mechanisms that drive reorganization of the cytoskeleton as cancer cells disseminate in vivo. 2D Rac-driven lamellipodial migration is well understood, but how these features apply to 3D migration is not clear. We find that lamellipodia-like protrusions and retrograde actin flow are indeed observed in cells moving in 3D ECM. However, Rab-coupling protein (RCP)-driven endocytic recycling of α5β1 integrin enhances invasive migration of cancer cells into fibronectin-rich 3D ECM, driven by RhoA and filopodial spike-based protrusions, not lamellipodia. Furthermore, we show that actin spike protrusions are Arp2/3-independent. Dynamic actin spike assembly in cells invading in vitro and in vivo is regulated by Formin homology-2 domain containing 3 (FHOD3), which is activated by RhoA/ROCK, establishing a novel mechanism through which the RCP–α5β1 pathway reprograms the actin cytoskeleton to promote invasive migration and local invasion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki R Paul
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Jennifer L Allen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Anna Chapman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Maria Morlan-Mairal
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Egor Zindy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Laura Fernandez del Ama
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Nermina Ferizovic
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - David M Green
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Jonathan D Howe
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, England, UK
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Cardiovascular Division, BHF Research Excellence Centre, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, England, UK
| | - Adam Hurlstone
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
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36
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Teng Y, Bahassan A, Dong D, Hanold LE, Ren X, Kennedy EJ, Cowell JK. Targeting the WASF3-CYFIP1 Complex Using Stapled Peptides Suppresses Cancer Cell Invasion. Cancer Res 2015; 76:965-73. [PMID: 26676744 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the WASF3 protein by extracellular stimuli promotes actin cytoskeleton reorganization and facilitates cancer cell invasion, whereas WASF3 depletion suppresses invasion and metastasis. In quiescent cells, the interaction between WASF3 and a complex of proteins, including CYFIP1, acts as a conformational restraint to prevent WASF3 activation. Therefore, we took advantage of this endogenous regulatory mechanism to investigate potential sites that disrupt WASF3 function. Here, we show that genetic knockdown of CYFIP1 in cancer cells led to the destabilization of the WASF3 complex, loss of WASF3 function, and suppressed invasion. Based on existing crystallographic data, we developed stapled peptides, referred to as WASF Helix Mimics (WAHM), that target an α-helical interface between WASF3 and CYFIP1. Treatment of highly invasive breast and prostate cancer cells with WAHM inhibitor peptides significantly reduced motility and invasion in vitro. Mechanistic investigations revealed that these inhibitors suppressed the interaction between Rac and the WASF3 complex, which has been shown to promote cell migration. Furthermore, peptide-mediated inhibition of WASF3 also resulted in the dysregulation of known downstream targets such as MMP-9 and KISS1. Finally, we demonstrate that this invasive phenotype is specific to WASF3 as depletion of WASF1 and WASF2, which can also bind to CYFIP1, did not affect invasion. Collectively, our findings suggest that targeting WASF3 function with WAHM peptides could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing tumor invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Teng
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia.
| | | | - Dayong Dong
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Laura E Hanold
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Xiaoou Ren
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Eileen J Kennedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - John K Cowell
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia.
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37
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Putcha P, Yu J, Rodriguez-Barrueco R, Saucedo-Cuevas L, Villagrasa P, Murga-Penas E, Quayle SN, Yang M, Castro V, Llobet-Navas D, Birnbaum D, Finetti P, Woodward WA, Bertucci F, Alpaugh ML, Califano A, Silva J. HDAC6 activity is a non-oncogene addiction hub for inflammatory breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:149. [PMID: 26643555 PMCID: PMC4672555 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0658-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most lethal form of breast cancers with a 5-year survival rate of only 40 %. Despite its lethality, IBC remains poorly understood which has greatly limited its therapeutic management. We thus decided to utilize an integrative functional genomic strategy to identify the Achilles' heel of IBC cells. METHODS We have pioneered the development of genetic tools as well as experimental and analytical strategies to perform RNAi-based loss-of-function studies at a genome-wide level. Importantly, we and others have demonstrated that these functional screens are able to identify essential functions linked to certain cancer phenotypes. Thus, we decided to use this approach to identify IBC specific sensitivities. RESULTS We identified and validated HDAC6 as a functionally necessary gene to maintain IBC cell viability, while being non-essential for other breast cancer subtypes. Importantly, small molecule inhibitors for HDAC6 already exist and are in clinical trials for other tumor types. We thus demonstrated that Ricolinostat (ACY1215), a leading HDAC6 inhibitor, efficiently controls IBC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Critically, functional HDAC6 dependency is not associated with genomic alterations at its locus and thus represents a non-oncogene addiction. Despite HDAC6 not being overexpressed, we found that its activity is significantly higher in IBC compared to non-IBC cells, suggesting a possible rationale supporting the observed dependency. CONCLUSION Our finding that IBC cells are sensitive to HDAC6 inhibition provides a foundation to rapidly develop novel, efficient, and well-tolerated targeted therapy strategies for IBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Putcha
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Systems Biology, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ruth Rodriguez-Barrueco
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Saucedo-Cuevas
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
| | - Patricia Villagrasa
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Eva Murga-Penas
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Steven N Quayle
- Acetylon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 70 Fargo St, Suite 205, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Min Yang
- Acetylon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 70 Fargo St, Suite 205, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Veronica Castro
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - David Llobet-Navas
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Wendy A Woodward
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - François Bertucci
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Mary L Alpaugh
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Systems Biology, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Jose Silva
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA.
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Yu J, Silva J, Califano A. ScreenBEAM: a novel meta-analysis algorithm for functional genomics screens via Bayesian hierarchical modeling. Bioinformatics 2015; 32:260-7. [PMID: 26415723 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Functional genomics (FG) screens, using RNAi or CRISPR technology, have become a standard tool for systematic, genome-wide loss-of-function studies for therapeutic target discovery. As in many large-scale assays, however, off-target effects, variable reagents' potency and experimental noise must be accounted for appropriately control for false positives. Indeed, rigorous statistical analysis of high-throughput FG screening data remains challenging, particularly when integrative analyses are used to combine multiple sh/sgRNAs targeting the same gene in the library. METHOD We use large RNAi and CRISPR repositories that are publicly available to evaluate a novel meta-analysis approach for FG screens via Bayesian hierarchical modeling, Screening Bayesian Evaluation and Analysis Method (ScreenBEAM). RESULTS Results from our analysis show that the proposed strategy, which seamlessly combines all available data, robustly outperforms classical algorithms developed for microarray data sets as well as recent approaches designed for next generation sequencing technologies. Remarkably, the ScreenBEAM algorithm works well even when the quality of FG screens is relatively low, which accounts for about 80-95% of the public datasets. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION R package and source code are available at: https://github.com/jyyu/ScreenBEAM. CONTACT ac2248@columbia.edu, jose.silva@mssm.edu, yujiyang@gmail.com SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Systems Biology, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA and
| | - Jose Silva
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Systems Biology, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA and
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39
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Seim I, Ma S, Zhou X, Gerashchenko MV, Lee SG, Suydam R, George JC, Bickham JW, Gladyshev VN. The transcriptome of the bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus reveals adaptations of the longest-lived mammal. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 6:879-99. [PMID: 25411232 PMCID: PMC4247388 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mammals vary dramatically in lifespan, by at least two-orders of magnitude, but the molecular basis for this difference remains largely unknown. The bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus is the longest-lived mammal known, with an estimated maximal lifespan in excess of two hundred years. It is also one of the two largest animals and the most cold-adapted baleen whale species. Here, we report the first genome-wide gene expression analyses of the bowhead whale, based on the de novo assembly of its transcriptome. Bowhead whale or cetacean-specific changes in gene expression were identified in the liver, kidney and heart, and complemented with analyses of positively selected genes. Changes associated with altered insulin signaling and other gene expression patterns could help explain the remarkable longevity of bowhead whales as well as their adaptation to a lipid-rich diet. The data also reveal parallels in candidate longevity adaptations of the bowhead whale, naked mole rat and Brandt's bat. The bowhead whale transcriptome is a valuable resource for the study of this remarkable animal, including the evolution of longevity and its important correlates such as resistance to cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Seim
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Siming Ma
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuming Zhou
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maxim V Gerashchenko
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sang-Goo Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert Suydam
- Department of Wildlife Management, North Slope Borough, Barrow, AK 99723, USA
| | - John C George
- Department of Wildlife Management, North Slope Borough, Barrow, AK 99723, USA
| | | | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells represent a promising tool for investigating the underlying causes of disease; however, this potential currently remains unfulfilled. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Yoon et al. (2014) used iPSCs derived from patients harboring common genetic risk variants as the starting point to discover novel insights into disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Durak
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Toret CP, D'Ambrosio MV, Vale RD, Simon MA, Nelson WJ. A genome-wide screen identifies conserved protein hubs required for cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 204:265-79. [PMID: 24446484 PMCID: PMC3897182 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201306082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A genome-wide screen identifies 17 regulatory hubs that modulate the levels of
the core cadherin–catenin complex and coordinate cadherin-mediated
cell–cell adhesion. Cadherins and associated catenins provide an important structural interface
between neighboring cells, the actin cytoskeleton, and intracellular signaling
pathways in a variety of cell types throughout the Metazoa. However, the full
inventory of the proteins and pathways required for cadherin-mediated adhesion
has not been established. To this end, we completed a genome-wide
(∼14,000 genes) ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) screen that targeted
Ca2+-dependent adhesion in DE-cadherin–expressing
Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells in suspension culture.
This novel screen eliminated Ca2+-independent cell–cell
adhesion, integrin-based adhesion, cell spreading, and cell migration. We
identified 17 interconnected regulatory hubs, based on protein functions and
protein–protein interactions that regulate the levels of the core
cadherin–catenin complex and coordinate cadherin-mediated
cell–cell adhesion. Representative proteins from these hubs were analyzed
further in Drosophila oogenesis, using targeted germline RNAi,
and adhesion was analyzed in Madin–Darby canine kidney mammalian
epithelial cell–cell adhesion. These experiments reveal roles for a
diversity of cellular pathways that are required for cadherin function in
Metazoa, including cytoskeleton organization, cell–substrate
interactions, and nuclear and cytoplasmic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Toret
- Department of Biology and 2 Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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42
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Abekhoukh S, Bardoni B. CYFIP family proteins between autism and intellectual disability: links with Fragile X syndrome. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:81. [PMID: 24733999 PMCID: PMC3973919 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have in common alterations in some brain circuits and brain abnormalities, such as synaptic transmission and dendritic spines morphology. Recent studies have indicated a differential expression for specific categories of genes as a cause for both types of disease, while an increasing number of genes is recognized to produce both disorders. An example is the Fragile X mental retardation gene 1 (FMR1), whose silencing causes the Fragile X syndrome, the most common form of ID and autism, also characterized by physical hallmarks. Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), the protein encoded by FMR1, is an RNA-binding protein with an important role in translational control. Among the interactors of FMRP, CYFIP1/2 (cytoplasmic FMRP interacting protein) proteins are good candidates for ID and autism, on the bases of their genetic implication and functional properties, even if the precise functional significance of the CYFIP/FMRP interaction is not understood yet. CYFIP1 and CYFIP2 represent a link between Rac1, the WAVE (WAS protein family member) complex and FMRP, favoring the cross talk between actin polymerization and translational control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Abekhoukh
- CNRS, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, UMR 7275 Valbonne, France ; University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis Nice, France ; CNRS, International Associated Laboratories-NEOGENEX Valbonne, France
| | - Barbara Bardoni
- CNRS, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, UMR 7275 Valbonne, France ; University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis Nice, France ; CNRS, International Associated Laboratories-NEOGENEX Valbonne, France
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43
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Lucá R, Averna M, Zalfa F, Vecchi M, Bianchi F, La Fata G, Del Nonno F, Nardacci R, Bianchi M, Nuciforo P, Munck S, Parrella P, Moura R, Signori E, Alston R, Kuchnio A, Farace MG, Fazio VM, Piacentini M, De Strooper B, Achsel T, Neri G, Neven P, Evans DG, Carmeliet P, Mazzone M, Bagni C. The fragile X protein binds mRNAs involved in cancer progression and modulates metastasis formation. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:1523-36. [PMID: 24092663 PMCID: PMC3799577 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201302847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is well established in brain, where its absence leads to the fragile X syndrome (FXS). FMRP is almost ubiquitously expressed, suggesting that, in addition to its effects in brain, it may have fundamental roles in other organs. There is evidence that FMRP expression can be linked to cancer. FMR1 mRNA, encoding FMRP, is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. A decreased risk of cancer has been reported in patients with FXS while a patient-case with FXS showed an unusual decrease of tumour brain invasiveness. However, a role for FMRP in regulating cancer biology, if any, remains unknown. We show here that FMRP and FMR1 mRNA levels correlate with prognostic indicators of aggressive breast cancer, lung metastases probability and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). We establish that FMRP overexpression in murine breast primary tumours enhances lung metastasis while its reduction has the opposite effect regulating cell spreading and invasion. FMRP binds mRNAs involved in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion including E-cadherin and Vimentin mRNAs, hallmarks of EMT and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Lucá
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Belgium
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Bryce NS, Reynolds AB, Koleske AJ, Weaver AM. WAVE2 regulates epithelial morphology and cadherin isoform switching through regulation of Twist and Abl. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64533. [PMID: 23691243 PMCID: PMC3654908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial morphogenesis is a dynamic process that involves coordination of signaling and actin cytoskeletal rearrangements. Principal Findings We analyzed the contribution of the branched actin regulator WAVE2 in the development of 3-dimensional (3D) epithelial structures. WAVE2-knockdown (WAVE2-KD) cells formed large multi-lobular acini that continued to proliferate at an abnormally late stage compared to control acini. Immunostaining of the cell-cell junctions of WAVE2-KD acini revealed weak and heterogeneous E-cadherin staining despite little change in actin filament localization to the same junctions. Analysis of cadherin expression demonstrated a decrease in E-cadherin and an increase in N-cadherin protein and mRNA abundance in total cell lysates. In addition, WAVE2-KD cells exhibited an increase in the mRNA levels of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated transcription factor Twist1. KD of Twist1 expression in WAVE2-KD cells reversed the cadherin switching and completely rescued the aberrant 3D morphological phenotype. Activity of the WAVE2 complex binding partner Abl kinase was also increased in WAVE2-KD cells, as assessed by tyrosine phosphorylation of the Abl substrate CrkL. Inhibition of Abl with STI571 rescued the multi-lobular WAVE2-KD 3D phenotype whereas overexpression of Abl kinase phenocopied the WAVE2-KD phenotype. Conclusions The WAVE2 complex regulates breast epithelial morphology by a complex mechanism involving repression of Twist1 expression and Abl kinase activity. These data reveal a critical role for WAVE2 complex in regulation of cellular signaling and epithelial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Bryce
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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45
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Patel FB, Soto MC. WAVE/SCAR promotes endocytosis and early endosome morphology in polarized C. elegans epithelia. Dev Biol 2013; 377:319-32. [PMID: 23510716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cells can use the force of actin polymerization to drive intracellular transport, but the role of actin in endocytosis is not clear. Studies in single-celled yeast demonstrate the essential role of the branched actin nucleator, Arp2/3, and its activating nucleation promoting factors (NPFs) in the process of invagination from the cell surface through endocytosis. However, some mammalian studies have disputed the need for F-actin and Arp2/3 in Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis (CME) in multicellular organisms. We investigate the role of Arp2/3 during endocytosis in Caenorhabditis elegans, a multicellular organism with polarized epithelia. Arp2/3 and its NPF, WAVE/SCAR, are essential for C. elegans embryonic morphogenesis. We show that WAVE/SCAR and Arp2/3 regulate endocytosis and early endosome morphology in diverse tissues of C. elegans. Depletion of WAVE/SCAR or Arp2/3, but not of the NPF Wasp, severely disrupts the distribution of molecules proposed to be internalized via CME, and alters the subcellular enrichment of the early endosome regulator RAB-5. Loss of WAVE/SCAR or of the GEFs that regulate RAB-5 results in similar defects in endocytosis in the intestine and coelomocyte cells. This study in a multicellular organism supports an essential role for branched actin regulators in endocytosis, and identifies WAVE/SCAR as a key NPF that promotes Arp2/3 endocytic function in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falshruti B Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UMDNJ--Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Yang J, Yang Z, Lv H, Lou Y, Wang J, Wu N. Bridging HIV-1 cellular latency and clinical long-term non-progressor: an interactomic view. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55791. [PMID: 23451031 PMCID: PMC3581534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of an effective HIV management is enticed by the fact that long-term non-progressors (LTNP) restrict viral replication spontaneously, but is hindered by HIV-1 latency. Given that the most overlapping characteristics found between HIV-1 LTNP and latency, detailed analysis of the difference would disclose the essentials of latency. In this study, microarray data from our previous study was combined with HIV-1 latency and LTNP data obtained from NCBI GEO database. Principal variance component analysis and hierarchical clustering verified the removal of batch effect across platform. The analysis revealed a total of 456 differential expressed genes with >2-fold change and B-statistic >0. Bayesian inference was used to reconstitute the transcriptional network of HIV-1 latency or LTNP, respectively. Gene regulation was reprogrammed under different disease condition. By network interference, KPNA2 and ATP5G3 were identified as the hubs in latency network which mediate nuclear export and RNA processing. These data offer comparative insights into HIV-1 latency, which will facilitate the understanding of the genetic basis of HIV-1 latency in vivo and serve as a clue for future treatment dealing with key targets in HIV-1 latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongxing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangjun Lv
- Department of Medicine, Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Lou
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nanping Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Tang H, Li A, Bi J, Veltman DM, Zech T, Spence HJ, Yu X, Timpson P, Insall RH, Frame MC, Machesky LM. Loss of Scar/WAVE complex promotes N-WASP- and FAK-dependent invasion. Curr Biol 2013; 23:107-17. [PMID: 23273897 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Scar/WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) drives lamellipodia assembly via the Arp2/3 complex, whereas the Arp2/3 activator N-WASP is not essential for 2D migration but is increasingly implicated in 3D invasion. It is becoming ever more apparent that 2D and 3D migration utilize the actin cytoskeletal machinery differently. RESULTS We discovered that WRC and N-WASP play opposing roles in 3D epithelial cell migration. WRC depletion promoted N-WASP/Arp2/3 complex activation and recruitment to leading invasive edges and increased invasion. WRC disruption also altered focal adhesion dynamics and drove FAK activation at leading invasive edges. We observed coalescence of focal adhesion components together with N-WASP and Arp2/3 complex at leading invasive edges in 3D. Unexpectedly, WRC disruption also promoted FAK-dependent cell transformation and tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS N-WASP has a crucial proinvasive role in driving Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin assembly in cooperation with FAK at invasive cell edges, but WRC depletion can promote 3D cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Tang
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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48
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Yu J, Putcha P, Califano A, Silva JM. Pooled shRNA screenings: computational analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 980:371-84. [PMID: 23359167 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-287-2_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide RNA interference screening has emerged as a powerful tool for functional genomic studies of disease-related phenotypes and the discovery of molecular therapeutic targets for human diseases. Commercial short hairpin RNA (shRNA) libraries are commonly used in this area, and state-of-the-art technologies including microarray and next-generation sequencing have emerged as powerful methods to analyze shRNA-triggered phenotypes. However, computational analysis of this complex data remains challenging due to noise and small sample size from such large-scaled experiments. In this chapter we discuss the pipelines and statistical methods of processing, quality assessment, and post-analysis for both microarray- and sequencing-based screening data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Hossain S, Dubielecka PM, Sikorski AF, Birge RB, Kotula L. Crk and ABI1: binary molecular switches that regulate abl tyrosine kinase and signaling to the cytoskeleton. Genes Cancer 2012; 3:402-13. [PMID: 23226578 DOI: 10.1177/1947601912460051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonreceptor tyrosine kinases Abl and Arg are among the most well-characterized tyrosine kinases in the human genome. The activation of Abl by N-terminal fusions with Bcr (Bcr-Abl) or Gag (v-Abl) is responsible for chronic myeloid leukemia or Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia and mouse leukemia virus, respectively. In addition, aberrant Abl and Arg activation downstream of several oncogenic growth factor receptors contributes to the development and progression of a variety of human cancers, often associated with poor clinical outcome, drug resistance, and tumor invasion and metastasis. Abl activation can occur by a variety of mechanisms that include domain interactions involving structural remodeling of autoinhibited conformations as well as direct phosphorylation by upstream kinases and phosphatases. Constitutive activation of Abl plays a significant role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton by modulating cell adhesion, motility, and invadopodia. This review addresses the role of Abl and Arg in tumor progression with particular emphasis on the roles of Crk and Abi1 adapter proteins as distinct molecular switches for Abl transactivation. These insights, combined with new insights into the structure of these kinases, provide the rationale to envision that Crk and Abi1 fine-tune Abl regulation to control signaling to the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Hossain
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA ; Current address: Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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50
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Spence HJ, Timpson P, Tang HR, Insall RH, Machesky LM. Scar/WAVE3 contributes to motility and plasticity of lamellipodial dynamics but not invasion in three dimensions. Biochem J 2012; 448:35-42. [PMID: 22909346 PMCID: PMC3929901 DOI: 10.1042/bj20112206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Scar (suppressor of cAMP receptor)/WAVE [WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein) verprolin homologous] complex plays a major role in the motility of cells by activating the Arp2/3 complex, which initiates actin branching and drives protrusions. Mammals have three Scar/WAVE isoforms, which show some tissue-specific expression, but their functions have not been differentiated. In the present study we show that depletion of Scar/WAVE3 in the mammalian breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 results in larger and less dynamic lamellipodia. Scar/WAVE3-depleted cells move more slowly but more persistently on a two-dimensional matrix and they typically only show one lamellipod. However, Scar/WAVE3 appears to have no role in driving invasiveness in a three-dimensional Matrigel™ invasion assay or a three-dimensional collagen invasion assay, suggesting that lamellipodial persistence as seen in two-dimensions is not crucial in three-dimensional environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Spence
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd., Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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