1
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Al Rawi S, Simpson L, Agnarsdóttir G, McDonald NQ, Chernuha V, Elpeleg O, Zeviani M, Barker RA, Spiegel R, Laman H. Study of an FBXO7 patient mutation reveals Fbxo7 and PI31 co-regulate proteasomes and mitochondria. FEBS J 2024; 291:2565-2589. [PMID: 38466799 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in FBXO7 have been discovered to be associated with an atypical parkinsonism. We report here a new homozygous missense mutation in a paediatric patient that causes an L250P substitution in the dimerisation domain of Fbxo7. This alteration selectively ablates the Fbxo7-PI31 interaction and causes a significant reduction in Fbxo7 and PI31 levels in patient cells. Consistent with their association with proteasomes, patient fibroblasts have reduced proteasome activity and proteasome subunits. We also show PI31 interacts with the MiD49/51 fission adaptor proteins, and unexpectedly, PI31 acts to facilitate SCFFbxo7-mediated ubiquitination of MiD49. The L250P mutation reduces the SCFFbxo7 ligase-mediated ubiquitination of a subset of its known substrates. Although MiD49/51 expression was reduced in patient cells, there was no effect on the mitochondrial network. However, patient cells show reduced levels of mitochondrial function and mitophagy, higher levels of ROS and are less viable under stress. Our study demonstrates that Fbxo7 and PI31 regulate proteasomes and mitochondria and reveals a new function for PI31 in enhancing the SCFFbxo7 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Al Rawi
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Lorna Simpson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Neil Q McDonald
- Signalling and Structural Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, London, UK
| | - Veronika Chernuha
- Pediatric Neurology Institute, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Centre and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Israel
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Mitochondrial Biology Unit, The MRC and University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, UK
| | - Ronen Spiegel
- Pediatric Department, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Heike Laman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
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2
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Wu T, Jin X, Huang C, Yu X, Xu B, Gao W, Qiu X, Bao M, Zhao D, Feng G, Zheng B, Huang X. E3 ligase FBXO22 is not significant for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:1834-1844. [PMID: 38883371 PMCID: PMC11170574 DOI: 10.62347/stda4237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND F-box-only protein 22 (FBXO22), an important substrate receptor of the SKP1-Cullin-F-box (SCF) ubiquitin ligases, has been reported to be involved in many biological processes, including tumorigenesis, neurological disorders, cellular senescence, and DNA damage. However, the specific role of FBXO22 during spermatogenesis is poorly understood. METHODS We produced Fbxo22 conditional knockout (cKO) and global knockout (KO) mice and assessed their sperm masurements using a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. Additionally, we conducted histologic staining and immunostaining to examine the impact of Fbxo22 loss on spermatogenesis. RESULTS Our results revealed that there were no notable differences in semen quality, fertility test results, or histologic findings in Fbxo22-KO and Fbxo22-cKO mice compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that Fbxo22 is not significant for spermatogenesis or male fertility in mice. These findings will help researchers avoid redundant efforts and serve as a foundational resource for genetic studies on human fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University Suzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University Suzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangling Yu
- Human Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingya Xu
- Human Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiya Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University Suzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyuan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guannan Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University Suzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University Suzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Yin Z, Ding G, Xue Y, Yu X, Dong J, Huang J, Ma J, He F. A postmeiotically bifurcated roadmap of honeybee spermatogenesis marked by phylogenetically restricted genes. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011081. [PMID: 38048317 PMCID: PMC10721206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Haploid males of hymenopteran species produce gametes through an abortive meiosis I followed by meiosis II that can either be symmetric or asymmetric in different species. Thus, one spermatocyte could give rise to two spermatids with either equal or unequal amounts of cytoplasm. It is currently unknown what molecular features accompany these postmeiotic sperm cells especially in species with asymmetric meiosis II such as bees. Here we present testis single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from the honeybee (Apis mellifera) drones of 3 and 14 days after emergence (3d and 14d). We show that, while 3d testes exhibit active, ongoing spermatogenesis, 14d testes only have late-stage spermatids. We identify a postmeiotic bifurcation in the transcriptional roadmap during spermatogenesis, with cells progressing toward the annotated spermatids (SPT) and small spermatids (sSPT), respectively. Despite an overall similarity in their transcriptomic profiles, sSPTs express the fewest genes and the least RNA content among all the sperm cell types. Intriguingly, sSPTs exhibit a relatively high expression level for Hymenoptera-restricted genes and a high mutation load, suggesting that the special meiosis II during spermatogenesis in the honeybee is accompanied by phylogenetically young gene activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Yin
- Center for Genetic Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guiling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Insect-Pollinator Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingdi Xue
- Center for Genetic Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianghui Yu
- Center for Genetic Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Insect-Pollinator Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Center for Genetic Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental Disorder, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng He
- Center for Genetic Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University International School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental Disorder, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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4
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Sanchez-Martinez A, Martinez A, Whitworth AJ. FBXO7/ntc and USP30 antagonistically set the ubiquitination threshold for basal mitophagy and provide a target for Pink1 phosphorylation in vivo. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002244. [PMID: 37535686 PMCID: PMC10427020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional analyses of genes linked to heritable forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) have revealed fundamental insights into the biological processes underpinning pathogenic mechanisms. Mutations in PARK15/FBXO7 cause autosomal recessive PD and FBXO7 has been shown to regulate mitochondrial homeostasis. We investigated the extent to which FBXO7 and its Drosophila orthologue, ntc, share functional homology and explored its role in mitophagy in vivo. We show that ntc mutants partially phenocopy Pink1 and parkin mutants and ntc overexpression supresses parkin phenotypes. Furthermore, ntc can modulate basal mitophagy in a Pink1- and parkin-independent manner by promoting the ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins, a mechanism that is opposed by the deubiquitinase USP30. This basal ubiquitination serves as the substrate for Pink1-mediated phosphorylation that triggers stress-induced mitophagy. We propose that FBXO7/ntc works in equilibrium with USP30 to provide a checkpoint for mitochondrial quality control in basal conditions in vivo and presents a new avenue for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Sanchez-Martinez
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aitor Martinez
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. Whitworth
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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5
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Kraus F, Goodall EA, Smith IR, Jiang Y, Paoli JC, Adolf F, Zhang J, Paulo JA, Schulman BA, Harper JW. PARK15/FBXO7 is dispensable for PINK1/Parkin mitophagy in iNeurons and HeLa cell systems. EMBO Rep 2023:e56399. [PMID: 37334901 PMCID: PMC10398645 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase PINK1 and ubiquitin ligase Parkin promote removal of damaged mitochondria via a feed-forward mechanism involving ubiquitin (Ub) phosphorylation (pUb), Parkin activation, and ubiquitylation of mitochondrial outer membrane proteins to support the recruitment of mitophagy receptors. The ubiquitin ligase substrate receptor FBXO7/PARK15 is mutated in an early-onset parkinsonian-pyramidal syndrome. Previous studies have proposed a role for FBXO7 in promoting Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Here, we systematically examine the involvement of FBXO7 in depolarization and mt UPR-dependent mitophagy in the well-established HeLa and induced-neurons cell systems. We find that FBXO7-/- cells have no demonstrable defect in: (i) kinetics of pUb accumulation, (ii) pUb puncta on mitochondria by super-resolution imaging, (iii) recruitment of Parkin and autophagy machinery to damaged mitochondria, (iv) mitophagic flux, and (v) mitochondrial clearance as quantified by global proteomics. Moreover, global proteomics of neurogenesis in the absence of FBXO7 reveals no obvious alterations in mitochondria or other organelles. These results argue against a general role for FBXO7 in Parkin-dependent mitophagy and point to the need for additional studies to define how FBXO7 mutations promote parkinsonian-pyramidal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kraus
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Ellen A Goodall
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Ian R Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yizhi Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia C Paoli
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank Adolf
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jiuchun Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenda A Schulman
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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6
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Hsu HC, Wang J, Kjellgren A, Li H, DeMartino GN. Ηigh-resolution structure of mammalian PI31-20S proteasome complex reveals mechanism of proteasome inhibition. J Biol Chem 2023:104862. [PMID: 37236357 PMCID: PMC10319324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasome-catalyzed protein degradation mediates and regulates critical aspects of many cellular functions and is an important element of proteostasis in health and disease. Proteasome function is determined in part by the types of proteasome holoenzymes formed between the 20S core particle that catalyzes peptide bond hydrolysis and any of multiple regulatory proteins to which it binds. One of these regulators, PI31, was previously identified as an in vitro 20S proteasome inhibitor, but neither the molecular mechanism nor the possible physiologic significance of PI31-mediated proteasome inhibition has been clear. Here we report a high-resolution cryo-EM structure of the mammalian 20S proteasome in complex with PI31. The structure shows that two copies of the intrinsically-disordered carboxyl-terminus of PI31 are present in the central cavity of the closed-gate conformation of the proteasome and interact with proteasome catalytic sites in a manner that blocks proteolysis of substrates but resists their own degradation. The two inhibitory polypeptide chains appear to originate from PI31 monomers that enter the catalytic chamber from opposite ends of the 20S cylinder. We present evidence that PI31 can inhibit proteasome activity in mammalian cells and may serve regulatory functions for the control of cellular proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chi Hsu
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - Jason Wang
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Abbey Kjellgren
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503.
| | - George N DeMartino
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390.
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7
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Hsu HC, Wang J, Kjellgren A, Li H, DeMartino GN. High-resolution structure of mammalian PI31â€"20S proteasome complex reveals mechanism of proteasome inhibition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.03.535455. [PMID: 37066326 PMCID: PMC10103979 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.535455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteasome-catalyzed protein degradation mediates and regulates critical aspects of many cellular functions and is an important element of proteostasis in health and disease. Proteasome function is determined in part by the types of proteasome holoenzymes formed between the 20S core particle that catalyzes peptide bond hydrolysis and any of multiple regulatory proteins to which it binds. One of these regulators, PI31, was previously identified as an in vitro 20S proteasome inhibitor, but neither the molecular mechanism nor the possible physiologic significance of PI31-mediated proteasome inhibition has been clear. Here we report a high- resolution cryo-EM structure of the mammalian 20S proteasome in complex with PI31. The structure shows that two copies of the intrinsically-disordered carboxyl-terminus of PI31 are present in the central cavity of the closed-gate conformation of the proteasome and interact with proteasome catalytic sites in a manner that blocks proteolysis of substrates but resists their own degradation. The two inhibitory polypeptide chains appear to originate from PI31 monomers that enter the catalytic chamber from opposite ends of the 20S cylinder. We present evidence that PI31 can inhibit proteasome activity in mammalian cells and may serve regulatory functions for the control of cellular proteostasis.
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8
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Buneeva OA, Kopylov AT, Medvedev AE. Proteasome Interactome and Its Role in the Mechanisms of Brain Plasticity. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2023; 88:319-336. [PMID: 37076280 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Proteasomes are highly conserved multienzyme complexes responsible for proteolytic degradation of the short-lived, regulatory, misfolded, and damaged proteins. They play an important role in the processes of brain plasticity, and decrease in their function is accompanied by the development of neurodegenerative pathology. Studies performed in different laboratories both on cultured mammalian and human cells and on preparations of the rat and rabbit brain cortex revealed a large number of proteasome-associated proteins. Since the identified proteins belong to certain metabolic pathways, multiple enrichment of the proteasome fraction with these proteins indicates their important role in proteasome functioning. Extrapolation of the experimental data, obtained on various biological objects, to the human brain suggests that the proteasome-associated proteins account for at least 28% of the human brain proteome. The proteasome interactome of the brain contains a large number of proteins involved in the assembly of these supramolecular complexes, regulation of their functioning, and intracellular localization, which could be changed under different conditions (for example, during oxidative stress) or in different phases of the cell cycle. In the context of molecular functions of the Gene Ontology (GO) Pathways, the proteins of the proteasome interactome mediate cross-talk between components of more than 30 metabolic pathways annotated in terms of GO. The main result of these interactions is binding of adenine and guanine nucleotides, crucial for realization of the nucleotide-dependent functions of the 26S and 20S proteasomes. Since the development of neurodegenerative pathology is often associated with regioselective decrease in the functional activity of proteasomes, a positive therapeutic effect would be obviously provided by the factors increasing proteasomal activity. In any case, pharmacological regulation of the brain proteasomes seems to be realized through the changes in composition and/or activity of the proteins associated with proteasomes (deubiquitinase, PKA, CaMKIIα, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Buneeva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119121, Russia
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9
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E3 ligase adaptor FBXO7 contributes to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of SIRT7 and promotes cell death in response to hydrogen peroxide. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102909. [PMID: 36646384 PMCID: PMC9971319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that affects 1% of the population over the age of 60. Although aging is one of the main risk factors for PD, the pathogenic mechanism of this disease remains unclear. Mutations in the F-box-only protein 7 (FBXO7) gene have been previously found to cause early onset autosomal recessive familial PD. FBXO7 is an adaptor protein in the SKP1-Cullin-1-F-box (SCF) E3 ligase complex that facilitates the ubiquitination of substrates. Sirtuin 7 (SIRT7) is an NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase that regulates aging and stress responses. In this study, we identified FBXO7 as a novel E3 ligase for SIRT7 that negatively regulates intracellular SIRT7 levels through SCF-dependent Lys-48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Consequently, we show that FBXO7 promoted the blockade of SIRT7 deacetylase activity, causing an increase in acetylated histone 3 levels at the Lys-18 and Lys-36 residues and the repression of downstream RPS20 gene transcription. Moreover, we demonstrate that treatment with hydrogen peroxide triggered the FBXO7-mediated degradation of SIRT7, leading to mammalian cell death. In particular, the PD-linked FBXO7-R498X mutant, which reduced SCF-dependent E3 ligase activity, did not affect the stability of SIRT7. Collectively, these findings suggest that FBXO7 negatively regulates SIRT7 stability and may suppress the cytoprotective effects of SIRT7 during hydrogen peroxide-induced mammalian cell death.
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10
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The characteristics of FBXO7 and its role in human diseases. Gene X 2023; 851:146972. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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11
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Structure of the reduced microsporidian proteasome bound by PI31-like peptides in dormant spores. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6962. [PMID: 36379934 PMCID: PMC9666519 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasomes play an essential role in the life cycle of intracellular pathogens with extracellular stages by ensuring proteostasis in environments with limited resources. In microsporidia, divergent parasites with extraordinarily streamlined genomes, the proteasome complexity and structure are unknown, which limits our understanding of how these unique pathogens adapt and compact essential eukaryotic complexes. We present cryo-electron microscopy structures of the microsporidian 20S and 26S proteasome isolated from dormant or germinated Vairimorpha necatrix spores. The discovery of PI31-like peptides, known to inhibit proteasome activity, bound simultaneously to all six active sites within the central cavity of the dormant spore proteasome, suggests reduced activity in the environmental stage. In contrast, the absence of the PI31-like peptides and the existence of 26S particles post-germination in the presence of ATP indicates that proteasomes are reactivated in nutrient-rich conditions. Structural and phylogenetic analyses reveal that microsporidian proteasomes have undergone extensive reductive evolution, lost at least two regulatory proteins, and compacted nearly every subunit. The highly derived structure of the microsporidian proteasome, and the minimized version of PI31 presented here, reinforce the feasibility of the development of specific inhibitors and provide insight into the unique evolution and biology of these medically and economically important pathogens.
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12
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Proteasome complexes experience profound structural and functional rearrangements throughout mammalian spermatogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116826119. [PMID: 35377789 PMCID: PMC9169623 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116826119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteasome is responsible for the homeostasis of intracellular proteins. Here, we describe structural and functional aspects of a poorly characterized proteasome subtype found exclusively in germ cells. The spermatoproteasome was recently shown to be essential for spermatogenesis, a process requiring intense proteolysis. It differs from the constitutive proteasome by only one subunit, α4s, a subunit that replaces its α4 ubiquitous counterpart. In this work, we show how the shift from α4 to α4s regulates proteasome composition, dynamics, interactome, and activity. We reveal a regulation process more complex than previously suggested, which provides the basis for structural and functional studies of the spermatoproteasome. During spermatogenesis, spermatogonia undergo a series of mitotic and meiotic divisions on their path to spermatozoa. To achieve this, a succession of processes requiring high proteolytic activity are in part orchestrated by the proteasome. The spermatoproteasome (s20S) is specific to the developing gametes, in which the gamete-specific α4s subunit replaces the α4 isoform found in the constitutive proteasome (c20S). Although the s20S is conserved across species and was shown to be crucial for germ cell development, its mechanism, function, and structure remain incompletely characterized. Here, we used advanced mass spectrometry (MS) methods to map the composition of proteasome complexes and their interactomes throughout spermatogenesis. We observed that the s20S becomes highly activated as germ cells enter meiosis, mainly through a particularly extensive 19S activation and, to a lesser extent, PA200 binding. Additionally, the proteasome population shifts from c20S (98%) to s20S (>82 to 92%) during differentiation, presumably due to the shift from α4 to α4s expression. We demonstrated that s20S, but not c20S, interacts with components of the meiotic synaptonemal complex, where it may localize via association with the PI31 adaptor protein. In vitro, s20S preferentially binds to 19S and displays higher trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like activities, both with and without PA200 activation. Moreover, using MS methods to monitor protein dynamics, we identified significant differences in domain flexibility between α4 and α4s. We propose that these differences induced by α4s incorporation result in significant changes in the way the s20S interacts with its partners and dictate its role in germ cell differentiation.
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Shen W, He J, Hou T, Si J, Chen S. Common Pathogenetic Mechanisms Underlying Aging and Tumor and Means of Interventions. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1063-1091. [PMID: 35855334 PMCID: PMC9286910 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increase in the incidence of malignant tumors among the older population. Moreover, there is an association between aging and cancer. During the process of senescence, the human body suffers from a series of imbalances, which have been shown to further accelerate aging, trigger tumorigenesis, and facilitate cancer progression. Therefore, exploring the junctions of aging and cancer and searching for novel methods to restore the junctions is of great importance to intervene against aging-related cancers. In this review, we have identified the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of aging-related cancers by comparing alterations in the human body caused by aging and the factors that trigger cancers. We found that the common mechanisms of aging and cancer include cellular senescence, alterations in proteostasis, microbiota disorders (decreased probiotics and increased pernicious bacteria), persistent chronic inflammation, extensive immunosenescence, inordinate energy metabolism, altered material metabolism, endocrine disorders, altered genetic expression, and epigenetic modification. Furthermore, we have proposed that aging and cancer have common means of intervention, including novel uses of common medicine (metformin, resveratrol, and rapamycin), dietary restriction, and artificial microbiota intervention or selectively replenishing scarce metabolites. In addition, we have summarized the research progress of each intervention and revealed their bidirectional effects on cancer progression to compare their reliability and feasibility. Therefore, the study findings provide vital information for advanced research studies on age-related cancers. However, there is a need for further optimization of the described methods and more suitable methods for complicated clinical practices. In conclusion, targeting aging may have potential therapeutic effects on aging-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiamin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tongyao Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Shujie Chen (), Dr. Jianmin Si () and Dr. Tongyao Hou (), Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Si
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Shujie Chen (), Dr. Jianmin Si () and Dr. Tongyao Hou (), Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Shujie Chen (), Dr. Jianmin Si () and Dr. Tongyao Hou (), Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Harris R, Randle S, Laman H. Analysis of the FBXO7 promoter reveals overlapping Pax5 and c-Myb binding sites functioning in B cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 554:41-48. [PMID: 33774278 PMCID: PMC8082276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Fbxo7 is a key player in the differentiation and function of numerous blood cell types, and in neurons, oligodendrocytes and spermatocytes. In an effort to gain insight into the physiological and pathological settings where Fbxo7 is likely to play a key role, we sought to define the transcription factors which direct FBXO7 expression. Using sequence alignments across 28 species, we defined the human FBXO7 promoter and found that it contains two conserved regions enriched for multiple transcription factor binding sites. Many of these have roles in either neuronal or haematopoietic development. Using various FBXO7 promoter reporters, we found ELF4, Pax5 and c-Myb have functional binding sites that activate transcription. We find endogenous Pax5 is bound to the FBXO7 promoter in pre-B cells, and that the exogenous expression of Pax5 represses Fbxo7 transcription in early pro-B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Harris
- University of Cambridge, Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Randle
- University of Cambridge, Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Heike Laman
- University of Cambridge, Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, United Kingdom.
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15
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Balakrishnan M, Yu SF, Chin SM, Soffar DB, Windner SE, Goode BL, Baylies MK. Cofilin Loss in Drosophila Muscles Contributes to Muscle Weakness through Defective Sarcomerogenesis during Muscle Growth. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107893. [PMID: 32697999 PMCID: PMC7479987 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomeres, the fundamental contractile units of muscles, are conserved structures composed of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments. How sarcomeres are formed and maintained is not well understood. Here, we show that knockdown of Drosophila cofilin (DmCFL), an actin depolymerizing factor, disrupts both sarcomere structure and muscle function. The loss of DmCFL also results in the formation of sarcomeric protein aggregates and impairs sarcomere addition during growth. The activation of the proteasome delays muscle deterioration in our model. Furthermore, we investigate how a point mutation in CFL2 that causes nemaline myopathy (NM) in humans affects CFL function and leads to the muscle phenotypes observed in vivo. Our data provide significant insights to the role of CFLs during sarcomere formation, as well as mechanistic implications for disease progression in NM patients. How sarcomeres are added and maintained in a growing muscle cell is unclear. Balakrishnan et al. observed that DmCFL loss in growing muscles affects sarcomere size and addition through unregulated actin polymerization. This results in a collapse of sarcomere and muscle structure, formation of large protein aggregates, and muscle weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Balakrishnan
- Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Cell & Developmental Biology, and Molecular Biology (BCMB) Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shannon F Yu
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Samantha M Chin
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - David B Soffar
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stefanie E Windner
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bruce L Goode
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Mary K Baylies
- Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Cell & Developmental Biology, and Molecular Biology (BCMB) Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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16
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Abstract
The 26S proteasome is the most complex ATP-dependent protease machinery, of ~2.5 MDa mass, ubiquitously found in all eukaryotes. It selectively degrades ubiquitin-conjugated proteins and plays fundamentally indispensable roles in regulating almost all major aspects of cellular activities. To serve as the sole terminal "processor" for myriad ubiquitylation pathways, the proteasome evolved exceptional adaptability in dynamically organizing a large network of proteins, including ubiquitin receptors, shuttle factors, deubiquitinases, AAA-ATPase unfoldases, and ubiquitin ligases, to enable substrate selectivity and processing efficiency and to achieve regulation precision of a vast diversity of substrates. The inner working of the 26S proteasome is among the most sophisticated, enigmatic mechanisms of enzyme machinery in eukaryotic cells. Recent breakthroughs in three-dimensional atomic-level visualization of the 26S proteasome dynamics during polyubiquitylated substrate degradation elucidated an extensively detailed picture of its functional mechanisms, owing to progressive methodological advances associated with cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Multiple sites of ubiquitin binding in the proteasome revealed a canonical mode of ubiquitin-dependent substrate engagement. The proteasome conformation in the act of substrate deubiquitylation provided insights into how the deubiquitylating activity of RPN11 is enhanced in the holoenzyme and is coupled to substrate translocation. Intriguingly, three principal modes of coordinated ATP hydrolysis in the heterohexameric AAA-ATPase motor were discovered to regulate intermediate functional steps of the proteasome, including ubiquitin-substrate engagement, deubiquitylation, initiation of substrate translocation and processive substrate degradation. The atomic dissection of the innermost working of the 26S proteasome opens up a new era in our understanding of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and has far-reaching implications in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdong Mao
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA. .,School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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17
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Wu J, Peled-Zehavi H, Galili G. The m 6 A reader ECT2 post-transcriptionally regulates proteasome activity in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:151-162. [PMID: 32416015 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Methylation of internal adenosine at nitrogen-6 position (m6 A) is the most abundant post-transcriptional modification in eukaryotic RNAs. These modifications are recognized by m6 A-binding proteins ('readers') that affect downstream functions. In plants, the scope of gene expression regulation by reader proteins is not clear. Here, overexpression and loss-of-function mutants were used to characterize the role of the Arabidopsis m6 A reader ECT2 in proteasome regulation. ECT2 regulates the mRNA levels of the proteasome regulator PTRE1 and of several 20S proteasome subunits, resulting in enhanced 26S proteasome activity. This regulation is dependent on ECT2 m6 A binding function. Interestingly, though ECT2 positively regulates proteasome activity in both young and mature plants, PTRE1 has different regulatory effects in different developmental stages. In mature plants, PTRE1 inhibits 26S proteasome activity, while in seedlings PTRE1 knockout mutants have reduced 26S proteasome activity. Taken together, our results suggest a novel epitranscriptomic mechanism of proteasome regulation by ECT2 that is used to fine tune proteasome activity by affecting the expression of PTRE1 and 20S proteasome subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Hadas Peled-Zehavi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Gad Galili
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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18
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Udasin RG, Gottfried Y, Fabre B, Bercovich B, Ziv T, Ciechanover A. The p105 NF-ĸB precursor is a pseudo substrate of the ubiquitin ligase FBXO7, and its binding to the ligase stabilizes it and results in stimulated cell proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 558:224-230. [PMID: 32933748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The NF-κB transcription factor is involved in inflammation and cell proliferation, survival, and transformation. It is a heterodimer made of p50 or p52 and a member of the Rel family of proteins. p50 and p52 are derived from limited ubiquitin- and proteasome-mediated proteolytic processing of the larger precursors p105 and p100, respectively. Both precursors can be either processed or completely degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Previous work in our laboratory identified KPC1 as a ubiquitin ligase that mediates processing of p105 to the p50 subunit. Overexpression of the ligase leads to increased level of p50 with a resultant marked tumor-suppressive effect. In the present study, we identify FBXO7, a known ubiquitin ligase that binds to p105 and ubiquitinates it, but surprisingly, leads to its accumulation and to that of p65 - the Rel partner of p50 - and to increased cell proliferation. Importantly, a ΔF-Box mutant of FBXO7 which is inactive has similar effects on accumulation of p105 and cell proliferation, strongly suggesting that p105 is a pseudo substrate of FBXO7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald G Udasin
- The Technion Rappaport Integrated Cancer Center (T-RICC), The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3109601, Israel
| | - Yossi Gottfried
- The Technion Rappaport Integrated Cancer Center (T-RICC), The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3109601, Israel
| | - Bertrand Fabre
- The Technion Rappaport Integrated Cancer Center (T-RICC), The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3109601, Israel
| | - Beatrice Bercovich
- The Technion Rappaport Integrated Cancer Center (T-RICC), The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3109601, Israel
| | - Tamar Ziv
- The Smoler Proteomics Center, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- The Technion Rappaport Integrated Cancer Center (T-RICC), The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3109601, Israel.
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Damale MG, Pathan SK, Shinde DB, Patil RH, Arote RB, Sangshetti JN. Insights of tankyrases: A novel target for drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112712. [PMID: 32877803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tankyrases are the group of enzymes belonging to a class of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) recently named ADP-ribosyltransferase (ARTD). The two isoforms of tankyrase i.e. tankyrase1 (TNKS1) and tankyrase2 (TNKS2) were abundantly expressed in various biological functions in telomere regulation, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, viral replication, endogenous hormone regulation, glucose transport, cherubism disease, erectile dysfunction, and apoptosis. The structural analysis, mechanistic information, in vitro and in vivo studies led identification and development of several classes of tankyrase inhibitors under clinical phases. In the nutshell, this review will drive future research on tankyrase as it enlighten the structural and functional features of TNKS 1 and TNKS 2, different classes of inhibitors with their structure-activity relationship studies, molecular modeling studies, as well as past, current and future perspective of the different class of tankyrase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj G Damale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Srinath College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, 431136, MS, India
| | - Shahebaaz K Pathan
- Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Baugh, Aurangabad, MS, 431001, India
| | | | - Rajendra H Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, M.S, India
| | - Rohidas B Arote
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaiprakash N Sangshetti
- Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Baugh, Aurangabad, MS, 431001, India.
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20
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Promiscuous Roles of Autophagy and Proteasome in Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21083028. [PMID: 32344772 PMCID: PMC7215558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in autophagy and the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) are commonly implicated in protein aggregation and toxicity which manifest in a number of neurological disorders. In fact, both UPS and autophagy alterations are bound to the aggregation, spreading and toxicity of the so-called prionoid proteins, including alpha synuclein (α-syn), amyloid-beta (Aβ), tau, huntingtin, superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), TAR-DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS). Recent biochemical and morphological studies add to this scenario, focusing on the coordinated, either synergistic or compensatory, interplay that occurs between autophagy and the UPS. In fact, a number of biochemical pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), transcription factor EB (TFEB), Bcl2-associated athanogene 1/3 (BAG3/1) and glycogen synthase kinase beta (GSk3β), which are widely explored as potential targets in neurodegenerative proteinopathies, operate at the crossroad between autophagy and UPS. These biochemical steps are key in orchestrating the specificity and magnitude of the two degradation systems for effective protein homeostasis, while intermingling with intracellular secretory/trafficking and inflammatory pathways. The findings discussed in the present manuscript are supposed to add novel viewpoints which may further enrich our insight on the complex interactions occurring between cell-clearing systems, protein misfolding and propagation. Discovering novel mechanisms enabling a cross-talk between the UPS and autophagy is expected to provide novel potential molecular targets in proteinopathies.
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21
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Wang X, Meul T, Meiners S. Exploring the proteasome system: A novel concept of proteasome inhibition and regulation. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 211:107526. [PMID: 32173559 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The proteasome is a well-identified therapeutic target for cancer treatment. It acts as the main protein degradation system in the cell and degrades key mediators of cell growth, survival and function. The term "proteasome" embraces a whole family of distinct complexes, which share a common proteolytic core, the 20S proteasome, but differ by their attached proteasome activators. Each of these proteasome complexes plays specific roles in the control of cellular function. In addition, distinct proteasome interacting proteins regulate proteasome activity in subcellular compartments and in response to cellular signals. Proteasome activators and regulators may thus serve as building blocks to fine-tune proteasome function in the cell according to cellular needs. Inhibitors of the proteasome, e.g. the FDA approved drugs Velcade™, Kyprolis™, Ninlaro™, inactivate the catalytic 20S core and effectively block protein degradation of all proteasome complexes in the cell resulting in inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis. Efficacy of these inhibitors, however, is hampered by their pronounced cytotoxic side-effects as well as by the emerging development of resistance to catalytic proteasome inhibitors. Targeted inhibition of distinct buiding blocks of the proteasome system, i.e. proteasome activators or regulators, represents an alternative strategy to overcome these limitations. In this review, we stress the importance of the diversity of the proteasome complexes constituting an entire proteasome system. Our building block concept provides a rationale for the defined targeting of distinct proteasome super-complexes in disease. We thereby aim to stimulate the development of innovative therapeutic approaches beyond broad catalytic proteasome inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Wang
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meul
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Silke Meiners
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany.
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22
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Frochaux MV, Bou Sleiman M, Gardeux V, Dainese R, Hollis B, Litovchenko M, Braman VS, Andreani T, Osman D, Deplancke B. cis-regulatory variation modulates susceptibility to enteric infection in the Drosophila genetic reference panel. Genome Biol 2020; 21:6. [PMID: 31948474 PMCID: PMC6966807 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1912-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to enteric pathogens is a complex trait at the crossroads of multiple biological processes. We have previously shown in the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) that resistance to infection is highly heritable, but our understanding of how the effects of genetic variants affect different molecular mechanisms to determine gut immunocompetence is still limited. RESULTS To address this, we perform a systems genetics analysis of the gut transcriptomes from 38 DGRP lines that were orally infected with Pseudomonas entomophila. We identify a large number of condition-specific, expression quantitative trait loci (local-eQTLs) with infection-specific ones located in regions enriched for FOX transcription factor motifs. By assessing the allelic imbalance in the transcriptomes of 19 F1 hybrid lines from a large round robin design, we independently attribute a robust cis-regulatory effect to only 10% of these detected local-eQTLs. However, additional analyses indicate that many local-eQTLs may act in trans instead. Comparison of the transcriptomes of DGRP lines that were either susceptible or resistant to Pseudomonas entomophila infection reveals nutcracker as the only differentially expressed gene. Interestingly, we find that nutcracker is linked to infection-specific eQTLs that correlate with its expression level and to enteric infection susceptibility. Further regulatory analysis reveals one particular eQTL that significantly decreases the binding affinity for the repressor Broad, driving differential allele-specific nutcracker expression. CONCLUSIONS Our collective findings point to a large number of infection-specific cis- and trans-acting eQTLs in the DGRP, including one common non-coding variant that lowers enteric infection susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V. Frochaux
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maroun Bou Sleiman
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Current Address: Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Gardeux
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Dainese
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brian Hollis
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Current Address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina USA
| | - Maria Litovchenko
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Virginie S. Braman
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Andreani
- Computational Biology and Data Mining Group, Institute of Molecular Biology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dani Osman
- Faculty of Sciences III and Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, LBA3B, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli, 1300 Lebanon
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Coux O, Zieba BA, Meiners S. The Proteasome System in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1233:55-100. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38266-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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The proteasome regulator PI31 is required for protein homeostasis, synapse maintenance, and neuronal survival in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24639-24650. [PMID: 31754024 PMCID: PMC6900516 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911921116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved proteasome-binding protein PI31 serves as an adapter to couple proteasomes with cellular motors to mediate their transport to distal tips of neurons where protein breakdown occurs. We generated global and conditional PI31 knockout mouse strains and show that this protein is required for protein homeostasis, and that its conditional inactivation in neurons disrupts synaptic structures and long-term survival. This work establishes a critical role for PI31 and local protein degradation in the maintenance of neuronal architecture, circuitry, and function. Because mutations in the PI31 pathway cause neurodegenerative diseases in humans, reduced PI31 activity may contribute to the etiology of these diseases. Proteasome-mediated degradation of intracellular proteins is essential for cell function and survival. The proteasome-binding protein PI31 (Proteasomal Inhibitor of 31kD) promotes 26S assembly and functions as an adapter for proteasome transport in axons. As localized protein synthesis and degradation is especially critical in neurons, we generated a conditional loss of PI31 in spinal motor neurons (MNs) and cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs). A cKO of PI31 in these neurons caused axon degeneration, neuronal loss, and progressive spinal and cerebellar neurological dysfunction. For both MNs and PCs, markers of proteotoxic stress preceded axonal degeneration and motor dysfunction, indicating a critical role for PI31 in neuronal homeostasis. The time course of the loss of MN and PC function in developing mouse central nervous system suggests a key role for PI31 in human neurodegenerative diseases.
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25
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Thulasi Devendrakumar K, Copeland C, Li X. The proteasome regulator PTRE1 contributes to the turnover of SNC1 immune receptor. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:1566-1573. [PMID: 31393057 PMCID: PMC6804346 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a sophisticated immune system in order to recognize and respond to microbes in their environments. Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins detect the presence of specific effector molecules delivered into host cells by pathogens and activate strong defence responses. However, as excessive accumulation of NLRs can result in inappropriate immune responses, their abundance must be tightly regulated. Targeted degradation of NLRs through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway is an important mechanism to limit NLR accumulation. Mutations that perturb NLR degradation can cause autoimmune phenotypes. In this study, we show that the proteasome regulator PTRE1 also contributes to NLR degradation. ptre1 mutant plants exhibit increased defence marker gene expression and enhanced disease resistance against virulent pathogens. The stability of the NLR, SUPPRESSOR OF npr1-1 CONSTITUTIVE 1 (SNC1) is also increased in the ptre1 mutant. Although the mouse homologue of PTRE1 was reported to interact with a Cell Division Control protein 48 (CDC48) homologue in vitro (Clemen et al., 2015), we only observed interaction between PTRE1 and AtCDC48A in a split luciferase assay, but not in co-immunoprecipitation. In addition, a related Arabidopsis protein PTRE1h shares partial redundancy with PTRE1. Together, PTRE1 acts as a negative regulator of plant immunity partly by facilitating the degradation of immune receptors such as SNC1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Copeland
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
- Present address:
Department of Plant Microbe InteractionsMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research50829CologneGermany
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
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Rathje CC, Randle SJ, Al Rawi S, Skinner BM, Nelson DE, Majumdar A, Johnson EEP, Bacon J, Vlazaki M, Affara NA, Ellis PJ, Laman H. A Conserved Requirement for Fbxo7 During Male Germ Cell Cytoplasmic Remodeling. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1278. [PMID: 31649556 PMCID: PMC6795710 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fbxo7 is the substrate-recognition subunit of an SCF-type ubiquitin E3 ligase complex. It has physiologically important functions in regulating mitophagy, proteasome activity and the cell cycle in multiple cell types, like neurons, lymphocytes and erythrocytes. Here, we show that in addition to the previously known Parkinsonian and hematopoietic phenotypes, male mice with reduced Fbxo7 expression are sterile. In these males, despite successful meiosis, nuclear elongation and eviction of histones from chromatin, the developing spermatids are phagocytosed by Sertoli cells during late spermiogenesis, as the spermatids undergo cytoplasmic remodeling. Surprisingly, despite the loss of all germ cells, there was no evidence of the symplast formation and cell sloughing that is typically associated with spermatid death in other mouse sterility models, suggesting that novel cell death and/or cell disposal mechanisms may be engaged in Fbxo7 mutant males. Mutation of the Drosophila Fbxo7 ortholog, nutcracker (ntc) also leads to sterility with germ cell death during cytoplasmic remodeling, indicating that the requirement for Fbxo7 at this stage is conserved. The ntc phenotype was attributed to decreased levels of the proteasome regulator, DmPI31 and reduced proteasome activity. Consistent with the fly model, we observe a reduction in PI31 levels in mutant mice; however, there is no alteration in proteasome activity in whole mouse testes. Our results are consistent with findings that Fbxo7 regulates PI31 protein levels, and indicates that a defect at the late stages of spermiogenesis, possibly due to faulty spatial dynamics of proteasomes during cytoplasmic remodeling, may underlie the fertility phenotype in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C Rathje
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne J Randle
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Al Rawi
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin M Skinner
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David E Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Antara Majumdar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma E P Johnson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Bacon
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Myrto Vlazaki
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nabeel A Affara
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Ellis
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Heike Laman
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
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Xu FQ, Xue HW. The ubiquitin-proteasome system in plant responses to environments. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2931-2944. [PMID: 31364170 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a rapid regulatory mechanism for selective protein degradation in plants and plays crucial roles in growth and development. There is increasing evidence that the UPS is also an integral part of plant adaptation to environmental stress, such as drought, salinity, cold, nutrient deprivation and pathogens. This review focuses on recent studies illustrating the important functions of the UPS components E2s, E3s and subunits of the proteasome and describes the regulation of proteasome activity during plant responses to environment stimuli. The future research hotspots and the potential for utilization of the UPS to improve plant tolerance to stress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Qing Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
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28
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Vigneron N, Stroobant V, Ferrari V, Abi Habib J, Van den Eynde BJ. Production of spliced peptides by the proteasome. Mol Immunol 2019; 113:93-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Morozov AV, Karpov VL. Proteasomes and Several Aspects of Their Heterogeneity Relevant to Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:761. [PMID: 31456945 PMCID: PMC6700291 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The life of every organism is dependent on the fine-tuned mechanisms of protein synthesis and breakdown. The degradation of most intracellular proteins is performed by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Proteasomes are central elements of the UPS and represent large multisubunit protein complexes directly responsible for the protein degradation. Accumulating data indicate that there is an intriguing diversity of cellular proteasomes. Different proteasome forms, containing different subunits and attached regulators have been described. In addition, proteasomes specific for a particular tissue were identified. Cancer cells are highly dependent on the proper functioning of the UPS in general, and proteasomes in particular. At the same time, the information regarding the role of different proteasome forms in cancer is limited. This review describes the functional and structural heterogeneity of proteasomes, their association with cancer as well as several established and novel proteasome-directed therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Morozov
- Laboratory of Regulation of Intracellular Proteolysis, W.A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim L Karpov
- Laboratory of Regulation of Intracellular Proteolysis, W.A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, Moscow, Russia
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Cullin-4B E3 ubiquitin ligase mediates Apaf-1 ubiquitination to regulate caspase-9 activity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219782. [PMID: 31329620 PMCID: PMC6645535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) is a component of apoptosome, which regulates caspase-9 activity. In addition to apoptosis, Apaf-1 plays critical roles in the intra-S-phase checkpoint; therefore, impaired expression of Apaf-1 has been demonstrated in chemotherapy-resistant malignant melanoma and nuclear translocation of Apaf-1 has represented a favorable prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. In contrast, increased levels of Apaf-1 protein are observed in the brain in Huntington’s disease. The regulation of Apaf-1 protein is not yet fully understood. In this study, we show that etoposide triggers the interaction of Apaf-1 with Cullin-4B, resulting in enhanced Apaf-1 ubiquitination. Ubiquitinated Apaf-1, which was degraded in healthy cells, binds p62 and forms aggregates in the cytosol. This complex of ubiquitinated Apaf-1 and p62 induces caspase-9 activation following MG132 treatment of HEK293T cells that stably express bcl-xl. These results show that ubiquitinated Apaf-1 may activate caspase-9 under conditions of proteasome impairment.
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Liu K, Jones S, Minis A, Rodriguez J, Molina H, Steller H. PI31 Is an Adaptor Protein for Proteasome Transport in Axons and Required for Synaptic Development. Dev Cell 2019; 50:509-524.e10. [PMID: 31327739 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is critical for neuronal function. Neurons utilize microtubule-dependent molecular motors to allocate proteasomes to synapses, but how proteasomes are coupled to motors and how this is regulated to meet changing demand for protein breakdown remain largely unknown. We show that the conserved proteasome-binding protein PI31 serves as an adaptor to couple proteasomes with dynein light chain proteins (DYNLL1/2). The inactivation of PI31 inhibited proteasome motility in axons and disrupted synaptic proteostasis, structure, and function. Moreover, phosphorylation of PI31 by p38 MAPK enhanced binding to DYNLL1/2 and promoted the directional movement of proteasomes in axons, suggesting a mechanism to regulate loading of proteasomes onto motors. Inactivation of PI31 in mouse neurons attenuated proteasome movement in axons, indicating this process is conserved. Because mutations affecting PI31 activity are associated with human neurodegenerative diseases, impairment of PI31-mediated axonal transport of proteasomes may contribute to these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sandra Jones
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Adi Minis
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jose Rodriguez
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hermann Steller
- Strang Laboratory of Apoptosis and Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Marshall RS, Vierstra RD. Dynamic Regulation of the 26S Proteasome: From Synthesis to Degradation. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:40. [PMID: 31231659 PMCID: PMC6568242 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
All eukaryotes rely on selective proteolysis to control the abundance of key regulatory proteins and maintain a healthy and properly functioning proteome. Most of this turnover is catalyzed by the 26S proteasome, an intricate, multi-subunit proteolytic machine. Proteasomes recognize and degrade proteins first marked with one or more chains of poly-ubiquitin, the addition of which is actuated by hundreds of ligases that individually identify appropriate substrates for ubiquitylation. Subsequent proteasomal digestion is essential and influences a myriad of cellular processes in species as diverse as plants, fungi and humans. Importantly, dysfunction of 26S proteasomes is associated with numerous human pathologies and profoundly impacts crop performance, thus making an understanding of proteasome dynamics critically relevant to almost all facets of human health and nutrition. Given this widespread significance, it is not surprising that sophisticated mechanisms have evolved to tightly regulate 26S proteasome assembly, abundance and activity in response to demand, organismal development and stress. These include controls on transcription and chaperone-mediated assembly, influences on proteasome localization and activity by an assortment of binding proteins and post-translational modifications, and ultimately the removal of excess or damaged particles via autophagy. Intriguingly, the autophagic clearance of damaged 26S proteasomes first involves their modification with ubiquitin, thus connecting ubiquitylation and autophagy as key regulatory events in proteasome quality control. This turnover is also influenced by two distinct biomolecular condensates that coalesce in the cytoplasm, one attracting damaged proteasomes for autophagy, and the other reversibly storing proteasomes during carbon starvation to protect them from autophagic clearance. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge regarding the dynamic regulation of 26S proteasomes at all stages of their life cycle, illustrating how protein degradation through this proteolytic machine is tightly controlled to ensure optimal growth, development and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Marshall
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Richard D Vierstra
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Wang Y, Xu R, Cheng Y, Cao H, Wang Z, Zhu T, Jiang J, Zhang H, Wang C, Qi L, Liu M, Guo X, Huang J, Sha J. RSBP15 interacts with and stabilizes dRSPH3 during sperm axoneme assembly in Drosophila. J Genet Genomics 2019; 46:281-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Corridoni D, Shiraishi S, Chapman T, Steevels T, Muraro D, Thézénas ML, Prota G, Chen JL, Gileadi U, Ternette N, Cerundolo V, Simmons A. NOD2 and TLR2 Signal via TBK1 and PI31 to Direct Cross-Presentation and CD8 T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:958. [PMID: 31114588 PMCID: PMC6503738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NOD2 and TLR2 recognize components of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan and direct defense against enteric pathogens. CD8+ T cells are important for immunity to such pathogens but how NOD2 and TLR2 induce antigen specific CD8+ T cell responses is unknown. Here, we define how these pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) signal in primary dendritic cells (DCs) to influence MHC class I antigen presentation. We show NOD2 and TLR2 phosphorylate PI31 via TBK1 following activation in DCs. PI31 interacts with TBK1 and Sec16A at endoplasmic reticulum exit sites (ERES), which positively regulates MHC class I peptide loading and immunoproteasome stability. Following NOD2 and TLR2 stimulation, depletion of PI31 or inhibition of TBK1 activity in vivo impairs DC cross-presentation and CD8+ T cell activation. DCs from Crohn's patients expressing NOD2 polymorphisms show dysregulated cross-presentation and CD8+ T cell responses. Our findings reveal unidentified mechanisms that underlie CD8+ T cell responses to bacteria in health and in Crohn's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Corridoni
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Seiji Shiraishi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Chapman
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa Steevels
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Muraro
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Laëtitia Thézénas
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gennaro Prota
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ji-Li Chen
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Ternette
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Simmons
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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FBXO7 sensitivity of phenotypic traits elucidated by a hypomorphic allele. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212481. [PMID: 30840666 PMCID: PMC6402633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
FBXO7 encodes an F box containing protein that interacts with multiple partners to facilitate numerous cellular processes and has a canonical role as part of an SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Mutation of FBXO7 is responsible for an early onset Parkinsonian pyramidal syndrome and genome-wide association studies have linked variants in FBXO7 to erythroid traits. A putative orthologue in Drosophila, nutcracker, has been shown to regulate the proteasome, and deficiency of nutcracker results in male infertility. Therefore, we reasoned that modulating Fbxo7 levels in a murine model could provide insights into the role of this protein in mammals. We used a targeted gene trap model which retained 4-16% residual gene expression and assessed the sensitivity of phenotypic traits to gene dosage. Fbxo7 hypomorphs showed regenerative anaemia associated with a shorter erythrocyte half-life, and male mice were infertile. Alterations to T cell phenotypes were also observed, which intriguingly were both T cell intrinsic and extrinsic. Hypomorphic mice were also sensitive to infection with Salmonella, succumbing to a normally sublethal challenge. Despite these phenotypes, Fbxo7 hypomorphs were produced at a normal Mendelian ratio with a normal lifespan and no evidence of neurological symptoms. These data suggest that erythrocyte survival, T cell development and spermatogenesis are particularly sensitive to Fbxo7 gene dosage.
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Zhou ZD, Lee JCT, Tan EK. Pathophysiological mechanisms linking F-box only protein 7 (FBXO7) and Parkinson's disease (PD). MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 778:72-78. [PMID: 30454685 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of F-box only protein 7 (FBXO7) gene are associated with a severe form of autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson's disease (PD) (PARK15) with clinical features of Parkinsonian-Pyramidal syndrome (PPS). FBXO7 is an adaptor protein in SCFFBXO7 ubiquitin E3 ligase complex that recognizes and mediates degradative or non-degradative ubiquitination of substrates. The FBXO7 protein can regulate cell cycle, proliferation, mitochondrial and proteasome functions via interactions with multiple target proteins. Five PARK15-linked FBXO7 gene mutations and several PD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been identified so far. WT FBXO7 proteins possess dual protective and deleterious functions, whereas PARK15-linked FBXO7 mutants are toxic. FBXO7 is a stress response protein and stress challenges can promote translocation of FBXO7 protein from nucleus into mitochondria and even form deleterious protein aggregate in mitochondria. FBXO7 mutants aggravate protein aggregation in mitochondria and inhibit mitophagy. The pathological mechanisms concerning FBXO7-relevant protein aggregation, mitochondria impairment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitophagy modulation in PARK15 pathogenesis are highlighted and discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Dong Zhou
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore; Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Ji Chao Tristan Lee
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore.
| | - Eng King Tan
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore; Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, 169608, Singapore; Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore.
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Prickle is phosphorylated by Nemo and targeted for degradation to maintain Prickle/Spiny-legs isoform balance during planar cell polarity establishment. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007391. [PMID: 29758044 PMCID: PMC5967807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) instructs tissue patterning in a wide range of organisms from fruit flies to humans. PCP signaling coordinates cell behavior across tissues and is integrated by cells to couple cell fate identity with position in a developing tissue. In the fly eye, PCP signaling is required for the specification of R3 and R4 photoreceptors based upon their positioning relative to the dorso-ventral axis. The ‘core’ PCP pathway involves the asymmetric localization of two distinct membrane-bound complexes, one containing Frizzled (Fz, required in R3) and the other Van Gogh (Vang, required in R4). Inhibitory interactions between the cytosolic components of each complex reinforce asymmetric localization. Prickle (Pk) and Spiny-legs (Pk-Sple) are two antagonistic isoforms of the prickle (pk) gene and are cytoplasmic components of the Vang complex. The balance between their levels is critical for tissue patterning, with Pk-Sple being the major functional isoform in the eye. Here we uncover a post-translational role for Nemo kinase in limiting the amount of the minor isoform Pk. We identified Pk as a Nemo substrate in a genome-wide in vitro band-shift screen. In vivo, nemo genetically interacts with pkpk but not pksple and enhances PCP defects in the eye and leg. Nemo phosphorylation limits Pk levels and is required specifically in the R4 photoreceptor like the major isoform, Pk-Sple. Genetic interaction and biochemical data suggest that Nemo phosphorylation of Pk leads to its proteasomal degradation via the Cullin1/SkpA/Slmb complex. dTAK and Homeodomain interacting protein kinase (Hipk) may also act together with Nemo to target Pk for degradation, consistent with similar observations in mammalian studies. Our results therefore demonstrate a mechanism to maintain low levels of the minor Pk isoform, allowing PCP complexes to form correctly and specify cell fate. For functional tissues to form, individual cells must correctly orient themselves and function appropriately for their particular location in the body. The Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) complexes transmit one set of spatial cues by acting as signposts to mark direction across an epithelial layer. PCP signals can direct and coordinate cell differentiation, the behavior of groups of cells, or the orientation of individual cellular protrusions, depending on the tissue. PCP signals act as a polarization relay with two different complexes being positioned on opposite sides of each cell. This pattern of polarity is transmitted to neighboring cells and so extends across the tissue. In the fly eye, PCP signals control the differentiation of a pair of photoreceptors, R3 and R4, where the cell that is positioned closer to the dorso-ventral midline becomes R3. An excess of the PCP protein Prickle prevents the proper assembly of PCP complexes in the eye and so alters R3/R4 fate. Here we show that Nemo kinase is required in the R4 cell to phosphorylate Prickle and promote its degradation by the proteasome. Maintenance of low Prickle levels allows proper formation of PCP complexes, cell fate specification, and eye development.
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XBP1 and PERK Have Distinct Roles in Aβ-Induced Pathology. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7523-7532. [PMID: 29427089 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggers multiple cellular signals to restore cellular function or induce proapoptosis that is altered in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the role of ER stress in β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced AD pathology remains elusive, and data obtained from different animal models and under different experimental conditions are sometimes controversial. The current study conducted in vivo genetic experiments to systematically examine the distinct role of each ER stress effector during disease progression. Our results indicated that inositol-requiring enzyme 1 was activated before protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) activation in Aβ42 transgenic flies. Proteasome activity played a key role in this sequential activation. Furthermore, our study separated learning deficits from early degeneration in Aβ-induced impairment by demonstrating that X-box binding protein 1 overexpression at an early stage reversed Aβ-induced early death without affecting learning performance in the Aβ42 transgenic flies. PERK activation was determined to only enhance Aβ-induced learning deficits. Moreover, proteasome overactivation was determined to delay PERK activation and improve learning deficits. Altogether, the findings of this study demonstrate the complex roles of ER stress during Aβ pathogenesis and the possibility of using different ER stress effectors as reporters to indicate the status of disease progression.
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Joseph S, Schulz JB, Stegmüller J. Mechanistic contributions of FBXO7 to Parkinson disease. J Neurochem 2017; 144:118-127. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabitha Joseph
- Department of Neurology; RWTH University Hospital; Aachen Germany
| | - Jörg Bernhard Schulz
- Department of Neurology; RWTH University Hospital; Aachen Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) - JARA-Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging; FZ Jülich and RWTH University; Aachen Germany
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Vigneron N, Ferrari V, Stroobant V, Abi Habib J, Van den Eynde BJ. Peptide splicing by the proteasome. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21170-21179. [PMID: 29109146 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r117.807560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteasome is the major protease responsible for the production of antigenic peptides recognized by CD8+ cytolytic T cells (CTL). These peptides, generally 8-10 amino acids long, are presented at the cell surface by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Originally, these peptides were believed to be solely derived from linear fragments of proteins, but this concept was challenged several years ago by the isolation of anti-tumor CTL that recognized spliced peptides, i.e. peptides composed of fragments distant in the parental protein. The splicing process was shown to occur in the proteasome through a transpeptidation reaction involving an acyl-enzyme intermediate. Here, we review the steps that led to the discovery of spliced peptides as well as the recent advances that uncover the unexpected importance of spliced peptides in the composition of the MHC class I repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Vigneron
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.,the de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, and
| | - Violette Ferrari
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.,the de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, and
| | - Vincent Stroobant
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.,the de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, and
| | - Joanna Abi Habib
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.,the de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, and
| | - Benoit J Van den Eynde
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, .,the de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, and.,WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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41
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Gaczynska M, Osmulski PA. Targeting Protein-Protein Interactions in the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2017; 110:123-165. [PMID: 29412995 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is a major venue for controlled intracellular protein degradation in Eukaryota. The machinery of several hundred proteins is involved in recognizing, tagging, transporting, and cleaving proteins, all in a highly regulated manner. Short-lived transcription factors, misfolded translation products, stress-damaged polypeptides, or worn-out long-lived proteins, all can be found among the substrates of UPP. Carefully choreographed protein-protein interactions (PPI) are involved in each step of the pathway. For many of the steps small-molecule inhibitors have been identified and often they directly or indirectly target PPI. The inhibitors may destabilize intracellular proteostasis and trigger apoptosis. So far this is the most explored option used as an anticancer strategy. Alternatively, substrate-specific polyubiquitination may be regulated for a precise intervention aimed at a particular metabolic pathway. This very attractive opportunity is moving close to clinical application. The best known drug target in UPP is the proteasome: the end point of the journey of a protein destined for degradation. The proteasome alone is a perfect object to study the mechanisms and roles of PPI on many levels. This giant protease is built from multisubunit modules and additionally utilizes a service from transient protein ligands, for example, delivering substrates. An elaborate set of PPI within the highest-order proteasome assembly is involved in substrate recognition and processing. Below we will outline PPI involved in the UPP and discuss the growing prospects for their utilization in pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gaczynska
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.
| | - Pawel A Osmulski
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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42
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Vigneron N, Abi Habib J, Van den Eynde BJ. Learning from the Proteasome How To Fine-Tune Cancer Immunotherapy. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:726-741. [PMID: 28958390 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has recently emerged as a forefront strategy to fight cancer. Key players in antitumor responses are CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that can detect tumor cells that carry antigens, in other words, small peptides bound to surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. The success and safety of cancer immunotherapy strategies depends on the nature of the antigens recognized by the targeted T cells, their strict tumor specificity, and whether tumors and antigen-presenting cells can efficiently process the peptide. We review here the nature of the tumor antigens and their potential for the development of immunotherapeutic strategies. We also discuss the importance of proteasome in the production of these peptides in the context of immunotherapy and therapeutic cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Vigneron
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium; de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Joanna Abi Habib
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium; de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit J Van den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium; de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), Brussels, Belgium
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43
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Budenholzer L, Cheng CL, Li Y, Hochstrasser M. Proteasome Structure and Assembly. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:3500-3524. [PMID: 28583440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic 26S proteasome is a large multisubunit complex that degrades the majority of proteins in the cell under normal conditions. The 26S proteasome can be divided into two subcomplexes: the 19S regulatory particle and the 20S core particle. Most substrates are first covalently modified by ubiquitin, which then directs them to the proteasome. The function of the regulatory particle is to recognize, unfold, deubiquitylate, and translocate substrates into the core particle, which contains the proteolytic sites of the proteasome. Given the abundance and subunit complexity of the proteasome, the assembly of this ~2.5MDa complex must be carefully orchestrated to ensure its correct formation. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the understanding of proteasome assembly, structure, and function. Technical advances in cryo-electron microscopy have resulted in a series of atomic cryo-electron microscopy structures of both human and yeast 26S proteasomes. These structures have illuminated new intricacies and dynamics of the proteasome. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of proteasome assembly, particularly in light of recent structural information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Budenholzer
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Chin Leng Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yanjie Li
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mark Hochstrasser
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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44
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Howell LA, Tomko RJ, Kusmierczyk AR. Putting it all together: intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms governing proteasome biogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-017-1439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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45
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Merzetti EM, Dolomount LA, Staveley BE. The FBXO7 homologue nutcracker and binding partner PI31 in Drosophila melanogaster models of Parkinson’s disease. Genome 2017; 60:46-54. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2016-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinsonian-pyramidal syndrome (PPS) is an early onset form of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that shows degeneration of the extrapyramidal region of the brain to result in a severe form of PD. The toxic protein build-up has been implicated in the onset of PPS. Protein removal is mediated by an intracellular proteasome complex: an E3 ubiquitin ligase, the targeting component, is essential for function. FBXO7 encodes the F-box component of the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase linked to familial forms of PPS. The Drosophila melanogaster homologue nutcracker (ntc) and a binding partner, PI31, have been shown to be active in proteasome function. We show that altered expression of either ntc or PI31 in dopaminergic neurons leads to a decrease in longevity and locomotor ability, phenotypes both associated with models of PD. Furthermore, expression of ntc-RNAi in an established α-synuclein-dependent model of PD rescues the phenotypes of diminished longevity and locomotor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Merzetti
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Lindsay A. Dolomount
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Brian E. Staveley
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
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46
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The life cycle of the 26S proteasome: from birth, through regulation and function, and onto its death. Cell Res 2016; 26:869-85. [PMID: 27444871 PMCID: PMC4973335 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2016.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is a large, ∼2.5 MDa, multi-catalytic ATP-dependent protease complex that serves as the degrading arm of the ubiquitin system, which is the major pathway for regulated degradation of cytosolic, nuclear and membrane proteins in all eukaryotic organisms.
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47
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Yang BJ, Han XX, Yin LL, Xing MQ, Xu ZH, Xue HW. Arabidopsis PROTEASOME REGULATOR1 is required for auxin-mediated suppression of proteasome activity and regulates auxin signalling. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11388. [PMID: 27109828 PMCID: PMC4848511 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin is perceived by the nuclear F-box protein TIR1 receptor family and regulates gene expression through degradation of Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors. Several studies have revealed the importance of the proteasome in auxin signalling, but details on how the proteolytic machinery is regulated and how this relates to degradation of Aux/IAA proteins remains unclear. Here we show that an Arabidopsis homologue of the proteasome inhibitor PI31, which we name PROTEASOME REGULATOR1 (PTRE1), is a positive regulator of the 26S proteasome. Loss-of-function ptre1 mutants are insensitive to auxin-mediated suppression of proteasome activity, show diminished auxin-induced degradation of Aux/IAA proteins and display auxin-related phenotypes. We found that auxin alters the subcellular localization of PTRE1, suggesting this may be part of the mechanism by which it reduces proteasome activity. Based on these results, we propose that auxin regulates proteasome activity via PTRE1 to fine-tune the homoeostasis of Aux/IAA repressor proteins thus modifying auxin activity. Plant responses to auxin require proteasome-mediated degradation of Aux/IAA transcriptional repressor proteins. Here, Yang et al. show that auxin suppresses proteasome activity in a manner dependent on the proteasome regulator PTRE1 and propose a mechanism for fine tuning Aux/IAA homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Jun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Xin Han
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lin Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Qing Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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48
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Papaevgeniou N, Chondrogianni N. UPS Activation in the Battle Against Aging and Aggregation-Related Diseases: An Extended Review. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1449:1-70. [PMID: 27613027 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3756-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a biological process accompanied by gradual increase of damage in all cellular macromolecules, i.e., nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. When the proteostasis network (chaperones and proteolytic systems) cannot reverse the damage load due to its excess as compared to cellular repair/regeneration capacity, failure of homeostasis is established. This failure is a major hallmark of aging and/or aggregation-related diseases. Dysfunction of the major cellular proteolytic machineries, namely the proteasome and the lysosome, has been reported during the progression of aging and aggregation-prone diseases. Therefore, activation of these pathways is considered as a possible preventive or therapeutic approach against the progression of these processes. This chapter focuses on UPS activation studies in cellular and organismal models and the effects of such activation on aging, longevity and disease prevention or reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Papaevgeniou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, 11635, Greece
| | - Niki Chondrogianni
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, 11635, Greece.
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49
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Chondrogianni N, Voutetakis K, Kapetanou M, Delitsikou V, Papaevgeniou N, Sakellari M, Lefaki M, Filippopoulou K, Gonos ES. Proteasome activation: An innovative promising approach for delaying aging and retarding age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 23:37-55. [PMID: 25540941 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural process accompanied by a progressive accumulation of damage in all constituent macromolecules (nucleic acids, lipids and proteins). Accumulation of damage in proteins leads to failure of proteostasis (or vice versa) due to increased levels of unfolded, misfolded or aggregated proteins and, in turn, to aging and/or age-related diseases. The major cellular proteolytic machineries, namely the proteasome and the lysosome, have been shown to dysfunction during aging and age-related diseases. Regarding the proteasome, it is well established that it can be activated either through genetic manipulation or through treatment with natural or chemical compounds that eventually result to extension of lifespan or deceleration of the progression of age-related diseases. This review article focuses on proteasome activation studies in several species and cellular models and their effects on aging and longevity. Moreover, it summarizes findings regarding proteasome activation in the major age-related diseases as well as in progeroid syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Chondrogianni
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Voutetakis
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Kapetanou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Delitsikou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Papaevgeniou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Marianthi Sakellari
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece; Örebro University, Medical School, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Lefaki
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Filippopoulou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece; Örebro University, Medical School, Örebro, Sweden.
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50
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Hybrid male sterility and genome-wide misexpression of male reproductive proteases. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11976. [PMID: 26146165 PMCID: PMC4491705 DOI: 10.1038/srep11976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid male sterility is a common barrier to gene flow between species. Previous studies have posited a link between misregulation of spermatogenesis genes in interspecies hybrids and sterility. However, in the absence of fully fertile control hybrids, it is impossible to differentiate between misregulation associated with sterility vs. fast male gene regulatory evolution. Here, we differentiate between these two possibilities using a D. pseudoobscura species pair that experiences unidirectional hybrid sterility. We identify genes uniquely misexpressed in sterile hybrid male reproductive tracts via RNA-seq. The sterile male hybrids had more misregulated and more over or under expressed genes relative to parental species than the fertile male hybrids. Proteases were the only gene ontology class overrepresented among uniquely misexpressed genes, with four located within a previously identified hybrid male sterility locus. This result highlights the potential role of a previously unexplored class of genes in interspecific hybrid male sterility and speciation.
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