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Yazaki J, Yamanashi T, Nemoto S, Kobayashi A, Han YW, Hasegawa T, Iwase A, Ishikawa M, Konno R, Imami K, Kawashima Y, Seita J. Mapping adipocyte interactome networks by HaloTag-enrichment-mass spectrometry. Biol Methods Protoc 2024; 9:bpae039. [PMID: 38884001 PMCID: PMC11180226 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mapping protein interaction complexes in their natural state in vivo is arguably the Holy Grail of protein network analysis. Detection of protein interaction stoichiometry has been an important technical challenge, as few studies have focused on this. This may, however, be solved by artificial intelligence (AI) and proteomics. Here, we describe the development of HaloTag-based affinity purification mass spectrometry (HaloMS), a high-throughput HaloMS assay for protein interaction discovery. The approach enables the rapid capture of newly expressed proteins, eliminating tedious conventional one-by-one assays. As a proof-of-principle, we used HaloMS to evaluate the protein complex interactions of 17 regulatory proteins in human adipocytes. The adipocyte interactome network was validated using an in vitro pull-down assay and AI-based prediction tools. Applying HaloMS to probe adipocyte differentiation facilitated the identification of previously unknown transcription factor (TF)-protein complexes, revealing proteome-wide human adipocyte TF networks and shedding light on how different pathways are integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshi Yazaki
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Laboratory for Genome Biology, Setsunan University, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamanashi
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Medical Data Deep Learning Team, Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, RIKEN, Tokyo, 103-0027, Japan
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shino Nemoto
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yong-Woon Han
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hasegawa
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akira Iwase
- Cell Function Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- Department of Applied Genomics, Technology Development Team, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Ryo Konno
- Department of Applied Genomics, Technology Development Team, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Koshi Imami
- Proteome Homeostasis Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- Department of Applied Genomics, Technology Development Team, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Jun Seita
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Medical Data Deep Learning Team, Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, RIKEN, Tokyo, 103-0027, Japan
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
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2
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Todosenko N, Yurova K, Vulf M, Khaziakhmatova O, Litvinova L. Prohibitions in the meta-inflammatory response: a review. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1322687. [PMID: 38813101 PMCID: PMC11133639 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1322687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Prohibitins are the central regulatory element of cellular homeostasis, especially by modulating the response at different levels: Nucleus, mitochondria and membranes. Their localization and interaction with various proteins, homons, transcription and nuclear factors, and mtDNA indicate the globality and complexity of their pleiotropic properties, which remain to be investigated. A more detailed deciphering of cellular metabolism in relation to prohibitins under normal conditions and in various metabolic diseases will allow us to understand the precise role of prohibitins in the signaling cascades of PI3K/Akt, Raf/MAP/ERK, STAT3, p53, and others and to fathom their mutual influence. A valuable research perspective is to investigate the role of prohibitins in the molecular and cellular interactions between the two major players in the pathogenesis of obesity-adipocytes and macrophages - that form the basis of the meta-inflammatory response. Investigating the subtle intercellular communication and molecular cascades triggered in these cells will allow us to propose new therapeutic strategies to eliminate persistent inflammation, taking into account novel molecular genetic approaches to activate/inactivate prohibitins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Todosenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Kristina Yurova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Maria Vulf
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Olga Khaziakhmatova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Larisa Litvinova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Microfluidic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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Kang X, Yang M, Cui X, Wang H, Kang L. Spatially differential regulation of ATF2 phosphorylation contributes to warning coloration of gregarious locusts. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi5168. [PMID: 37611100 PMCID: PMC10446495 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Warning coloration are common defense strategies used by animals to deter predators. Pestilential gregarious locusts exhibit a notable black-brown pattern as a form of warning coloration. However, the mechanisms regulating this distinctive pattern remain largely unknown. Here, we revealed that the black and brown integuments of locusts are governed by varying amounts of β-carotene and β-carotene-binding protein (βCBP) complexes. βCBP expression is regulated by the bZIP transcription factor activation transcription factor 2 (ATF2), which is activated by protein kinase C alpha in response to crowding. Specifically, ATF2 is phosphorylated at Ser327 and translocates to the nucleus, where it binds to the βCBP promoter and stimulates overexpression. Differential phosphorylation of ATF2 leads to the divergent black and brown coloration in gregarious locusts. The accumulation of red pigments vital for creating the brown sternum depends on βCBP overexpression. The spatial variation in ATF2 phosphorylation enables locusts to rapidly adapt to changing environment for aposematism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinle Kang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Meiling Yang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Le Kang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Up-regulation of PKCα and δ during beating cardiomyocyte differentiation of P19CL6 cells with suppressed apoptotic cell populations. Mol Cell Toxicol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-023-00338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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5
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Xu X, Li Y, Wu Y, Wang M, Lu Y, Fang Z, Wang H, Li Y. Increased ATF2 expression predicts poor prognosis and inhibits sorafenib-induced ferroptosis in gastric cancer. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102564. [PMID: 36473315 PMCID: PMC9723522 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has an important antitumor effect as a ferroptosis inducer in multiple cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). However, the status of sorafenib as a ferroptosis inducer has recently been questioned. There is very limited information about the relationship between ferroptosis and ATF2, and the role of ATF2 in sorafenib-induced ferroptosis has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the role and underlying molecular mechanisms of ATF2 in sorafenib-induced ferroptosis in GC. We found that ATF2 was significantly upregulated in GC tissues and predicted a poor clinical prognosis. Silencing ATF2 significantly inhibited the malignant phenotype of GC cells. In addition, we observed that ATF2 was activated during sorafenib-induced ferroptosis in GC cells. ATF2 knockdown promoted sorafenib-induced ferroptosis, while ATF2 overexpression showed the opposite results in GC cells. Using ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq, we identified HSPH1 as a target of ATF2 and further validated it by ChIP‒qPCR analysis. HSPH1 can interact with SLC7A11 (cystine/glutamate transporter) and increase its protein stability. Importantly, knockdown of HSPH1 partly reversed the effects caused by ATF2 overexpression on sorafenib-induced ferroptosis in GC cells. In addition, the results from the tumor xenograft model showed that ATF2 knockdown can effectively enhance sorafenib sensitivity in vivo. Collectively, our study reveals a novel mechanism by which sorafenib induces ferroptosis in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China,Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yaxian Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China,Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Youliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yida Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China,Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Ziqing Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China,Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Huizhen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
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Xu L, Wang J, Zhang D, Song L, Wu H, Wang J, Miao J, Guo H, Fang S, Si L, Chen J, Wu Y, Wu Y, Wang L, Zhang N, Chard L, Wang Y, Cheng Z. The two-faced role of ATF2 on cisplatin response in gastric cancer depends on p53 context. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:77. [PMID: 35641966 PMCID: PMC9153165 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00802-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activating transcription factor-2 (ATF2) is a member of the basic leucine zipper family of DNA-binding proteins, which exhibits both oncogenic and tumor suppression activity in different tumors. However, the molecular mechanism of its dual function in cancer chemotherapy especially in gastric cancer has still not been elucidated. Methods The protein expression and location of ATF2 in gastric cancer tissues was detected with immunohistochemistry assay, and the clinical significance was analyzed using TCGA and GEO database. The activation and impact of ATF2 in cisplatin treated cells were evaluated with western blot, incucyte live cell analysis, clone formation and tumor xenografts assays. Interaction between ATF2 and p53 was confirmed with immunoprecipitation and GST-pull down. Potential molecular mechanism of ATF2 in different p53 status cells was analyzed with RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR. Results ATF2 mainly located in the nucleus of cancer cells, higher ATF2 level was associated with poor five-year survival of gastric patients, especially in those undergone chemotherapy treatment. Cisplatin treatment significantly activated ATF2 in p53 mutant cells. ATF2 could interact with the trans-activation domain of p53 and enhance cisplatin sensitivity in p53 wild type cell lines, while promoted cell survival in mutant p53 cancer cells by affecting ERK1/2 pathway. Conclusions This study confirmed the effect of ATF2 on cisplatin sensitivity was associated with the functional status of p53 in gastric cancer cells. Integrated analysis of ATF2 expression and P53 status could be used to evaluate the chemotherapy sensitivity and prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00802-w.
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The FGFR2c/PKCε Axis Controls MCL-1-Mediated Invasion in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells: Perspectives for Innovative Target Therapies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071652. [PMID: 35884957 PMCID: PMC9312859 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy whose main characterizations are Kirsten Rat Sarcoma-activating mutations (KRAS) and a highly aggressive phenotype. Based on our recent findings demonstrating that the highly aberrant expression of the mesenchymal isoform of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 (FGFR2c) in PDAC cells activates Protein-Kinase C Epsilon (PKCε), which in turn controls receptor-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), here we investigated the involvement of these signaling events in the establishment of additional tumorigenic features. Using PDAC cell lines expressing divergent levels of the FGFR2c and stable protein depletion approaches by short hairpin RNA (shRNA), we found that FGFR2c expression and its PKCε downstream signaling are responsible for the invasive response to Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) and for anchorage-independent growth. In addition, in vitro clonogenic assays, coupled with the check of the amount of cleaved Poly Adenosine Diphosphate-Ribose Polymerase 1 (PARP1) by Western blot, highlighted the involvement of both FGFR2c and PKCε in cell viability. Finally, monitoring of Myeloid Cell Leukemia 1 (MCL-1) expression and Sarcoma kinase family (SRC) phosphorylation suggested that the FGFR2c/PKCε axis could control cell migration/invasion possibly via MCL-1/SRC-mediated reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Being PKCs RAS-independent substrates, the identification of PKCε as a hub molecule downstream FGFR2c at the crossroad of signaling networks governing the main malignant tumor hallmarks could represent an important advance towards innovative target therapies overcoming RAS.
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Cooke M, Kazanietz MG. Overarching roles of diacylglycerol signaling in cancer development and antitumor immunity. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabo0264. [PMID: 35412850 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a lipid second messenger that is generated in response to extracellular stimuli and channels intracellular signals that affect mammalian cell proliferation, survival, and motility. DAG exerts a myriad of biological functions through protein kinase C (PKC) and other effectors, such as protein kinase D (PKD) isozymes and small GTPase-regulating proteins (such as RasGRPs). Imbalances in the fine-tuned homeostasis between DAG generation by phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes and termination by DAG kinases (DGKs), as well as dysregulation in the activity or abundance of DAG effectors, have been widely associated with tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. DAG is also a key orchestrator of T cell function and thus plays a major role in tumor immunosurveillance. In addition, DAG pathways shape the tumor ecosystem by arbitrating the complex, dynamic interaction between cancer cells and the immune landscape, hence representing powerful modifiers of immune checkpoint and adoptive T cell-directed immunotherapy. Exploiting the wide spectrum of DAG signals from an integrated perspective could underscore meaningful advances in targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Medicine, Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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LncRNA NEAT1 controls the lineage fates of BMSCs during skeletal aging by impairing mitochondrial function and pluripotency maintenance. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:351-365. [PMID: 34497381 PMCID: PMC8816946 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aged bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) exhibit aberrant self-renewal and lineage specification, which contribute to imbalanced bone-fat and progressive bone loss. In addition to known master regulators of lineage commitment, it is crucial to identify pivotal switches governing the specific differentiation fate of aged BMSCs. Here, we profiled differences in epigenetic regulation between adipogenesis and osteogenesis and identified super-enhancer associated lncRNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) as a key bone-fat switch in aged BMSCs. We validated that NEAT1 with high enhancer activity was transcriptionally activated by ATF2 and directed aged BMSCs to a greater propensity to differentiate toward adipocytes than osteoblasts by mediating mitochondrial function. Furthermore, we confirmed NEAT1 as a protein-binding scaffold in which phosphorylation modification of SOX2 Ser249/250 by CDK2 impaired SOX2/OCT4 complex stability and dysregulated downstream transcription networks of pluripotency maintenance. In addition, by sponging miR-27b-3p, NEAT1 upregulated BNIP3L, BMP2K, and PPARG expression to shape mitochondrial function and osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation commitment, respectively. In extracellular communication, NEAT1 promoted CSF1 secretion from aged BMSCs and then strengthened osteoclastic differentiation by extracellular vesicle delivery. Notably, Neat1 small interfering RNA delivery induced increased bone mass in aged mice and decreased fat accumulation in the bone marrow. These findings suggest that NEAT1 regulates the lineage fates of BMSCs by orchestrating mitochondrial function and pluripotency maintenance, and might be a potential therapeutic target for skeletal aging.
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Targeting GPCRs and Their Signaling as a Therapeutic Option in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030706. [PMID: 35158973 PMCID: PMC8833576 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sixteen G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been involved in melanogenesis or melanomagenesis. Here, we review these GPCRs, their associated signaling, and therapies. Abstract G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) serve prominent roles in melanocyte lineage physiology, with an impact at all stages of development, as well as on mature melanocyte functions. GPCR ligands are present in the skin and regulate melanocyte homeostasis, including pigmentation. The role of GPCRs in the regulation of pigmentation and, consequently, protection against external aggression, such as ultraviolet radiation, has long been established. However, evidence of new functions of GPCRs directly in melanomagenesis has been highlighted in recent years. GPCRs are coupled, through their intracellular domains, to heterotrimeric G-proteins, which induce cellular signaling through various pathways. Such signaling modulates numerous essential cellular processes that occur during melanomagenesis, including proliferation and migration. GPCR-associated signaling in melanoma can be activated by the binding of paracrine factors to their receptors or directly by activating mutations. In this review, we present melanoma-associated alterations of GPCRs and their downstream signaling and discuss the various preclinical models used to evaluate new therapeutic approaches against GPCR activity in melanoma. Recent striking advances in our understanding of the structure, function, and regulation of GPCRs will undoubtedly broaden melanoma treatment options in the future.
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Søndergaard JN, Sommerauer C, Atanasoai I, Hinte LC, Geng K, Guiducci G, Bräutigam L, Aouadi M, Stojic L, Barragan I, Kutter C. CCT3- LINC00326 axis regulates hepatocarcinogenic lipid metabolism. Gut 2022; 71:gutjnl-2021-325109. [PMID: 35022268 PMCID: PMC9484377 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To better comprehend transcriptional phenotypes of cancer cells, we globally characterised RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to identify altered RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). DESIGN To unravel RBP-lncRNA interactions in cancer, we curated a list of ~2300 highly expressed RBPs in human cells, tested effects of RBPs and lncRNAs on patient survival in multiple cohorts, altered expression levels, integrated various sequencing, molecular and cell-based data. RESULTS High expression of RBPs negatively affected patient survival in 21 cancer types, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). After knockdown of the top 10 upregulated RBPs and subsequent transcriptome analysis, we identified 88 differentially expressed lncRNAs, including 34 novel transcripts. CRISPRa-mediated overexpression of four lncRNAs had major effects on the HCC cell phenotype and transcriptome. Further investigation of four RBP-lncRNA pairs revealed involvement in distinct regulatory processes. The most noticeable RBP-lncRNA connection affected lipid metabolism, whereby the non-canonical RBP CCT3 regulated LINC00326 in a chaperonin-independent manner. Perturbation of the CCT3-LINC00326 regulatory network led to decreased lipid accumulation and increased lipid degradation in cellulo as well as diminished tumour growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We revealed that RBP gene expression is perturbed in HCC and identified that RBPs exerted additional functions beyond their tasks under normal physiological conditions, which can be stimulated or intensified via lncRNAs and affected tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Nørskov Søndergaard
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Sommerauer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ionut Atanasoai
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura C Hinte
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Keyi Geng
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Guiducci
- Barts Cancer Institute, Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- Comparative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lovorka Stojic
- Barts Cancer Institute, Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Isabel Barragan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Kutter
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ranieri D, Guttieri L, Raffa S, Torrisi MR, Belleudi F. Role of FGFR2c and Its PKC ε Downstream Signaling in the Control of EMT and Autophagy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4993. [PMID: 34638477 PMCID: PMC8508074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a treatment-resistant malignancy characterized by a high malignant phenotype including acquired EMT signature and deregulated autophagy. Since we have previously described that the aberrant expression of the mesenchymal FGFR2c and the triggering of the downstream PKCε signaling are involved in epidermal carcinogenesis, the aim of this work has been to assess the contribution of these oncogenic events also in the pancreatic context. Biochemical, molecular and immunofluorescence approaches showed that FGFR2c expression impacts on PDAC cell responsiveness to FGF2 in terms of intracellular signaling activation, upregulation of EMT-related transcription factors and modulation of epithelial and mesenchymal markers compatible with the pathological EMT. Moreover, shut-off via specific protein depletion of PKCε signaling, activated by high expression of FGFR2c resulted in a reversion of EMT profile, as well as in a recovery of the autophagic process. The detailed biochemical analysis of the intracellular signaling indicated that PKCε, bypassing AKT and directly converging on ERK1/2, could be a signaling molecule downstream FGFR2c whose inhibition could be considered as possible effective therapeutic approach in counteracting aggressive phenotype in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Ranieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Guttieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Raffa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Pathology, Unit of Medical Genetics and Advanced Cellular Diagnostics,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Torrisi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Pathology, Unit of Medical Genetics and Advanced Cellular Diagnostics,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Belleudi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Mutation in FBXO32 causes dilated cardiomyopathy through up-regulation of ER-stress mediated apoptosis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:884. [PMID: 34272480 PMCID: PMC8285540 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induction of cell death is implicated in cardiovascular diseases. Sustained activation of ER-stress induces the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways, which in turn activate three major effector proteins. We previously reported a missense homozygous mutation in FBXO32 (MAFbx, Atrogin-1) causing advanced heart failure by impairing autophagy. In the present study, we performed transcriptional profiling and biochemical assays, which unexpectedly revealed a reduced activation of UPR effectors in patient mutant hearts, while a strong up-regulation of the CHOP transcription factor and of its target genes are observed. Expression of mutant FBXO32 in cells is sufficient to induce CHOP-associated apoptosis, to increase the ATF2 transcription factor and to impair ATF2 ubiquitination. ATF2 protein interacts with FBXO32 in the human heart and its expression is especially high in FBXO32 mutant hearts. These findings provide a new underlying mechanism for FBXO32-mediated cardiomyopathy, implicating abnormal activation of CHOP. These results suggest alternative non-canonical pathways of CHOP activation that could be considered to develop new therapeutic targets for the treatment of FBXO32-associated DCM. Al-Yacoub et al. investigate the consequences of FBXO32 mutation on dilated cardiomyopathy. ER stress, abnormal CHOP activation and CHOP-induced apoptosis with no UPR effector activation are found to underlie the FBXO32 mutation induced cardiomyopathy, suggesting an alternative pathway that can be considered to develop new therapeutic targets for its treatment.
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Liu J, Li K, Wang R, Chen S, Wu J, Li X, Ning Q, Yang G, Pang Y. The interplay between ATF2 and NEAT1 contributes to lung adenocarcinoma progression. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:594. [PMID: 33298086 PMCID: PMC7727147 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2), a member of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor family, has been shown to be involved in the pathobiology of numerous cancers. However, the biological role and mechanism of ATF2 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains to be elucidated. Methods The expression of ATF2, NEAT1 and miR-26a-5p in LUAD tissues and cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. The interaction between ATF2, NEAT1, and miR-26a-5p was validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. Cell proliferation, invasion and tumorigenesis of LUAD cells were analyzed by using CCK8, transwell invasion assay and xenograft tumor model. Results We confirmed that ATF2 expression was increased in LUAD tissues compared with normal adjacent lung tissues. Functional experiments showed that ATF2 positively regulated cell proliferation and invasion in LUAD cells. Moreover, we identified that NEAT1 expression was increased in LUAD tissues and positively correlated with ATF2 expression. Mechanistically, ATF2 could bind to the promoter of NEAT1 to promote its transcription. Rescue experiments showed that ATF2 exerted its oncogenic function in LUAD, at least, partly through NEAT1 upregulation. In turn, NEAT1 could positively regulate ATF2 expression and form a positive feedback loop in LUAD cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NEAT1 positively regulated ATF2 expression via sponging miR-26a-5p. Conclusion ATF2 and NEAT1 form a positive feedback loop mediated by miR-26a-5p and coordinately contribute to LUAD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xian, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Ning
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xian, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ganghua Yang
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xian, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yamei Pang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xian, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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15
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Belleri M, Paganini G, Coltrini D, Ronca R, Zizioli D, Corsini M, Barbieri A, Grillo E, Calza S, Bresciani R, Maiorano E, Mastropasqua MG, Annese T, Giacomini A, Ribatti D, Casas J, Levade T, Fabrias G, Presta M. β-Galactosylceramidase Promotes Melanoma Growth via Modulation of Ceramide Metabolism. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5011-5023. [PMID: 32998995 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disturbance of sphingolipid metabolism may represent a novel therapeutic target in metastatic melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer. β-Galactosylceramidase (GALC) removes β-galactose from galactosylceramide and other sphingolipids. In this study, we show that downregulation of galcb, a zebrafish ortholog of human GALC, affects melanoblast and melanocyte differentiation in zebrafish embryos, suggesting a possible role for GALC in melanoma. On this basis, the impact of GALC expression in murine B16-F10 and human A2058 melanoma cells was investigated following its silencing or upregulation. Galc knockdown hampered growth, motility, and invasive capacity of B16-F10 cells and their tumorigenic and metastatic activity when grafted in syngeneic mice or zebrafish embryos. Galc-silenced cells displayed altered sphingolipid metabolism and increased intracellular levels of ceramide, paralleled by a nonredundant upregulation of Smpd3, which encodes for the ceramide-generating enzyme neutral sphingomyelinase 2. Accordingly, GALC downregulation caused SMPD3 upregulation, increased ceramide levels, and inhibited the tumorigenic activity of human melanoma A2058 cells, whereas GALC upregulation exerted opposite effects. In concordance with information from melanoma database mining, RNAscope analysis demonstrated a progressive increase of GALC expression from common nevi to stage IV human melanoma samples that was paralleled by increases in microphthalmia transcription factor and tyrosinase immunoreactivity inversely related to SMPD3 and ceramide levels. Overall, these findings indicate that GALC may play an oncogenic role in melanoma by modulating the levels of intracellular ceramide, thus providing novel opportunities for melanoma therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Data from zebrafish embryos, murine and human cell melanoma lines, and patient-derived tumor specimens indicate that β-galactosylceramidase plays an oncogenic role in melanoma and may serve as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Belleri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Paganini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Coltrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Zizioli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Corsini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbieri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Calza
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Bresciani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenio Maiorano
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Pathology Section, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro G Mastropasqua
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Pathology Section, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, and Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBER-EHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Thierry Levade
- INSERM U1037, CRCT (Cancer Research Center of Toulouse) and Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Gemma Fabrias
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, and Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBER-EHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. .,Italian Consortium for Biotechnology (CIB), Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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16
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Loeffler MA, Hu J, Kirchner M, Wei X, Xiao Y, Albrecht T, De La Torre C, Sticht C, Banales JM, Vogel MN, Pathil-Warth A, Mehrabi A, Hoffmann K, Rupp C, Köhler B, Springfeld C, Schirmacher P, Ji J, Roessler S, Goeppert B. miRNA profiling of biliary intraepithelial neoplasia reveals stepwise tumorigenesis in distal cholangiocarcinoma via the miR-451a/ATF2 axis. J Pathol 2020; 252:239-251. [PMID: 32710569 DOI: 10.1002/path.5514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA) is a biliary tract cancer with a dismal prognosis and is often preceded by biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN), representing the most common biliary non-invasive precursor lesion. BilIN are histologically well defined but have not so far been characterised systematically at the molecular level. The aim of this study was to determine miRNA-regulated genes in cholangiocarcinogenesis via BilIN. We used a clinicopathologically well-characterised cohort of 12 dCCA patients. Matched samples of non-neoplastic biliary epithelia, BilIN and invasive tumour epithelia of each patient were isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections by laser microdissection. The resulting 36 samples were subjected to total RNA extraction and the expression of 798 miRNAs was assessed using the Nanostring® technology. Candidate miRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR and functionally investigated following lentiviral overexpression in dCCA-derived cell lines. Potential direct miRNA target genes were identified by microarray and prediction algorithms and were confirmed by luciferase assay. We identified 49 deregulated miRNAs comparing non-neoplastic and tumour tissue. Clustering of these miRNAs corresponded to the three stages of cholangiocarcinogenesis, supporting the concept of BilIN as a tumour precursor. Two downregulated miRNAs, i.e. miR-451a (-10.9-fold down) and miR-144-3p (-6.3-fold down), stood out by relative decrease. Functional analyses of these candidates revealed a migration inhibitory effect in dCCA cell lines. Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) and A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) were identified as direct miR-451a target genes. Specific ATF2 inhibition by pooled siRNAs reproduced the inhibitory impact of miR-451a on cancer cell migration. Thus, our data support the concept of BilIN as a direct precursor of invasive dCCA at the molecular level. In addition, we identified miR-451a and miR-144-3p as putative tumour suppressors attenuating cell migration by inhibiting ATF2 in the process of dCCA tumorigenesis. © The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz A Loeffler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jun Hu
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiyang Wei
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Thomas Albrecht
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Research Centre, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Monika N Vogel
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Pathil-Warth
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arianeb Mehrabi
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg (LCCH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Hoffmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg (LCCH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Rupp
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg (LCCH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno Köhler
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg (LCCH), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Springfeld
- Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg (LCCH), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg (LCCH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Junfang Ji
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg (LCCH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Goeppert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Liver Cancer Center Heidelberg (LCCH), Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Huebner K, Procházka J, Monteiro AC, Mahadevan V, Schneider-Stock R. The activating transcription factor 2: an influencer of cancer progression. Mutagenesis 2020; 34:375-389. [PMID: 31799611 PMCID: PMC6923166 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the continuous increase in survival rates for many cancer entities, colorectal cancer (CRC) and pancreatic cancer are predicted to be ranked among the top 3 cancer-related deaths in the European Union by 2025. Especially, fighting metastasis still constitutes an obstacle to be overcome in CRC and pancreatic cancer. As described by Fearon and Vogelstein, the development of CRC is based on sequential mutations leading to the activation of proto-oncogenes and the inactivation of tumour suppressor genes. In pancreatic cancer, genetic alterations also attribute to tumour development and progression. Recent findings have identified new potentially important transcription factors in CRC, among those the activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2). ATF2 is a basic leucine zipper protein and is involved in physiological and developmental processes, as well as in tumorigenesis. The mutation burden of ATF2 in CRC and pancreatic cancer is rather negligible; however, previous studies in other tumours indicated that ATF2 expression level and subcellular localisation impact tumour progression and patient prognosis. In a tissue- and stimulus-dependent manner, ATF2 is activated by upstream kinases, dimerises and induces target gene expression. Dependent on its dimerisation partner, ATF2 homodimers or heterodimers bind to cAMP-response elements or activator protein 1 consensus motifs. Pioneering work has been performed in melanoma in which the dual role of ATF2 is best understood. Even though there is increasing interest in ATF2 recently, only little is known about its involvement in CRC and pancreatic cancer. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of the underestimated ‘cancer gene chameleon’ ATF2 in apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and microRNA regulation and highlight its functions in CRC and pancreatic cancer. We further provide a novel ATF2 3D structure with key phosphorylation sites and an updated overview of all so-far available mouse models to study ATF2 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Huebner
- Experimental Tumorpathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Procházka
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ana C Monteiro
- Experimental Tumorpathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vijayalakshmi Mahadevan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City Phase I, Bangalore, India
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Experimental Tumorpathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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18
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Han F, Huang D, Huang X, Wang W, Yang S, Chen S. Exosomal microRNA-26b-5p down-regulates ATF2 to enhance radiosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7730-7742. [PMID: 32476275 PMCID: PMC7348161 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), as the most common subtype of non‐small cell lung cancer, is responsible for more than 500 000 deaths worldwide annually. In this study, we identify a novel microRNA‐26b‐5p (miR‐26b‐5p) and elucidated its function on LUAD. The survival rate of parent LUAD cells and radiation‐resistant LUAD cells were determined using clonogenic survival assay. We overexpressed or inhibited miR‐26b‐5p in LUAD, and the correlation between activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) and miR‐26b‐5p was determined using integrated bioinformatics analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. Exosomes derived from A549 cell lines were then detected using Western blot assay, followed by co‐transfection with radiation‐resistant A549R cells. LUAD tissues and serum were collected, followed by miR‐26b‐5p relative expression quantification using RT‐qPCR. miR‐26b‐5p was identified as the most differentially expressed miRNA and was down‐regulated in LUAD. Radiation‐resistant cells were more resistant to X‐radiation compared with parent cells. miR‐26b‐5p overexpression and X‐irradiation led to enhanced radiosensitivity of LUAD cells. ATF2 was negatively targeted by miR‐26b‐5p. Exosomal miR‐26b‐5p derived from A549 cells could be transported to irradiation‐resistant LUAD cells and inhibit ATF2 expression to promote DNA damage, apoptosis and radiosensitivity of LUAD cells, which was verified using serum‐based miR‐26b‐5p. Our results show a regulatory network of miR‐26b‐5p on radiosensitivity of LUAD cells, which may serve as a non‐invasive biomarker for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushi Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongdong Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghong Huang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shusong Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzhen Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Role of PKCε in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by FGFR2 isoform switch. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:76. [PMID: 32429937 PMCID: PMC7238605 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The epithelial isoform of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2b) controls the entire program of keratinocyte differentiation via the sequential involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) δ and PKCα. In contrast, the FGFR2 isoform switch and the aberrant expression of the mesenchymal FGFR2c isoform leads to impairment of differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumorigenic features. Aim of our present study was to contribute in clarifying the complex network of signaling pathways involved in the FGFR2c-mediated oncogenic outcomes focusing on PKCε, which appears to be involved in the induction of EMT and tumorigenesis in several epithelial contexts. Methods Biochemical and molecular analysis, as well as in vitro invasion assays, combined with the use of specific small interfering RNA (siRNA), were performed in human keratinocytes stably expressing FGFR2c or FGFR2b isoforms. Results Our results showed that aberrant expression and signaling of FGFR2c, but not those of FGFR2b, in human keratinocytes induced a strong phosphorylation/activation of PKCε. The use of siRNA approach showed that PKCε is the hub signaling downstream FGFR2c responsible for the modulation of EMT markers and for the induction of the EMT-related transcription factors STAT3, Snail1 and FRA1, as well as for the acquisition of the invasive behavior. Moreover, experiments of depletion of ESRP1, responsible for FGFR2 splicing in epithelial cells, indicated that the activation of PKCε is the key molecular event triggered by FGFR2 isoform switch and underlying EMT induction. Conclusions Overall, our results point to the identification of the downstream PKC isoform responsible for the FGFR signaling deregulation occurring in epithelial tissues from the physiological oncosoppressive to the pathological oncogenic profile. Video Abstract
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20
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Inoue S, Mizushima T, Ide H, Jiang G, Goto T, Nagata Y, Netto GJ, Miyamoto H. ATF2 promotes urothelial cancer outgrowth via cooperation with androgen receptor signaling. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:1397-1408. [PMID: 30521479 PMCID: PMC6280600 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the functional role of ATF2, a transcription factor normally activated via its phosphorylation in response to phospho-ERK/MAPK signals, in the outgrowth of urothelial cancer. In both neoplastic and non-neoplastic urothelial cells, the expression levels of androgen receptor (AR) correlated with those of phospho-ATF2. Dihydrotestosterone treatment in AR-positive bladder cancer cells also induced the expression of phospho-ATF2 and phospho-ERK as well as nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of ATF2. Meanwhile, ATF2 knockdown via shRNA resulted in significant decreases in cell viability, migration and invasion of AR-positive bladder cancer lines, but not AR-negative lines, as well as significant increases and decreases in apoptosis or G0/G1 cell cycle phase and S or G2/M phase, respectively. Additionally, the growth of AR-positive tumors expressing ATF2-shRNA in xenograft-bearing mice was retarded, compared with that of control tumors. ATF2 knockdown also resulted in significant inhibition of neoplastic transformation induced by a chemical carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene, as well as the expression of Bcl-2/cyclin-A2/cyclin-D1/JUN/MMP-2, in immortalized human normal urothelial SVHUC cells stably expressing AR, but not AR-negative SVHUC cells. Finally, immunohistochemistry in surgical specimens demonstrated significant elevation of ATF2/phospho-ATF2/phospho-ERK expression in bladder tumors, compared with non-neoplastic urothelial tissues. Multivariate analysis further showed that moderate/strong ATF2 expression and phospho-ATF2 positivity were independent predictors for recurrence of low-grade tumors (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.956, P = 0.045) and cancer-specific mortality of muscle-invasive tumors (HR = 5.317, P = 0.012), respectively. Thus, ATF2 appears to be activated in urothelial cells through the AR pathway and promotes the development and progression of urothelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Taichi Mizushima
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hiroki Ide
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guiyang Jiang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Takuro Goto
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Yujiro Nagata
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to H Miyamoto:
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21
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Kumar V, Weng YC, Wu YC, Huang YT, Chou WH. PKCε phosphorylation regulates the mitochondrial translocation of ATF2 in ischemia-induced neurodegeneration. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:76. [PMID: 30497386 PMCID: PMC6267029 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global cerebral ischemia triggers neurodegeneration in the hippocampal CA1 region, but the mechanism of neuronal death remains elusive. The epsilon isoform of protein kinase C (PKCε) has recently been identified as a master switch that controls the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of ATF2 and the survival of melanoma cells. It is of interest to assess the role of PKCε–ATF2 signaling in neurodegeneration. Results Phosphorylation of ATF2 at Thr-52 was reduced in the hippocampus of PKCε null mice, suggesting that ATF2 is a phosphorylation substrate of PKCε. PKCε protein concentrations were significantly reduced 4, 24, 48 and 72 h after transient global cerebral ischemia, resulting in translocation of nuclear ATF2 to the mitochondria. Degenerating neurons staining positively with Fluoro-Jade C exhibited cytoplasmic ATF2. Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that PKCε regulates phosphorylation and nuclear sequestration of ATF2 in hippocampal neurons during ischemia-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Yi-Chinn Weng
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chieh Wu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Hai Chou
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA. .,Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan, ROC.
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22
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Wang Y, Hu SB, Wang MR, Yao RW, Wu D, Yang L, Chen LL. Genome-wide screening of NEAT1 regulators reveals cross-regulation between paraspeckles and mitochondria. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:1145-1158. [DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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SPOP promotes ATF2 ubiquitination and degradation to suppress prostate cancer progression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:145. [PMID: 29996942 PMCID: PMC6042370 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Next-generation sequencing of the exome and genome of prostate cancers has identified numerous genetic alterations. SPOP (Speckle-type POZ Protein) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in primary prostate cancer, suggesting that SPOP may be a potential driver of prostate cancer. The aim of this work was to investigate how SPOP mutations contribute to prostate cancer development and progression. Methods To identify molecular mediators of the tumor suppressive function of SPOP, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen in a HeLa cDNA library using the full-length SPOP as bait. Immunoprecipitation and Western Blotting were used to analyze the interaction between SPOP and ATF2. Cell migration and invasion were determined by Transwell assays. Immunohistochemistry were used to analyze protein levels in patients’ tumor samples. Results Here we identified ATF2 as a bona fide substrate of the SPOP-CUL3-RBX1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. SPOP recognizes multiple Ser/Thr (S/T)-rich degrons in ATF2 and triggers ATF2 degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Strikingly, prostate cancer-associated mutants of SPOP are defective in promoting ATF2 degradation in prostate cancer cells and contribute to facilitating prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Conclusion SPOP promotes ATF2 ubiquitination and degradation, and ATF2 is an important mediator of SPOP inactivation-induced cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0809-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Li HS, Zhou YN, Li L, Li SF, Long D, Chen XL, Zhang JB, Li YP, Feng L. WITHDRAWN:Mitochondrial targeting of HIF-1α inhibits hypoxia-induced apoptosis independently of its transcriptional activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2018:S0891-5849(18)30746-9. [PMID: 29704620 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of The Ministry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan-Ni Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of The Ministry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of The Ministry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Sheng-Fu Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of The Ministry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Long
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of The Ministry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue-Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of The Ministry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jia-Bi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of The Ministry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - You-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of The Ministry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Chinese Cochrane Centre, Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Li Feng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of The Ministry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Song S, Fajol A, Tu X, Ren B, Shi S. miR-204 suppresses the development and progression of human glioblastoma by targeting ATF2. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70058-70065. [PMID: 27588402 PMCID: PMC5342534 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In human cancers, miRNAs are important regulators of multiple cellular processes, and aberrant miRNA expression has been observed, and their alterations contribute to multiple cancer development and progression. Till now, little has been known about the role of miR-204 in human glioblastoma (GBM). In the present study, we used in-vitro assays to investigate the mechanisms of miR-204 in GBM cell lines and 60 cases of GBM tissues. Here, we found that miR-204 expression is downregulated in both GBM cell lines A172, U87 and U251 cells and GBM tissues as compared with NHA cells and normal tissues (all p<0.001). In addition, the ectopic expression of miR-204 suppressed A172 and U87 cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Meanwhile, miR-204 over-expression extremely inhibited the protein expression of ATF2. Notably, the enforced expression of ATF2 in A172 and U87 cells with the over-expression of miR-204 attenuated the inhibitory effects of miR-204 on proliferation, migration and invasion. In conclusion, our findings suggest that miR-204 suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion through inhibition of ATF2, thus, miR-204 may function as a useful drug target in the treatment and diagnosis of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Abul Fajol
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Xiankun Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Baogang Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Songsheng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou, 350001, China
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Prasad A, Khudaynazar N, Tantravahi RV, Gillum AM, Hoffman BS. ON 01910.Na (rigosertib) inhibits PI3K/Akt pathway and activates oxidative stress signals in head and neck cancer cell lines. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79388-79400. [PMID: 27764820 PMCID: PMC5346722 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Treatment failure, drug resistance and chemoradiation toxicity have necessitated the development of alternative treatment strategies. Styryl benzyl sulfones, a family of novel small molecule inhibitors, are being evaluated as anti-neoplastic agents in multiple clinical trials. The activity of these compounds has been well characterized in several preclinical tumor studies, but their activity has yet to be fully examined in HNSCC. We tested ON 01910.Na (rigosertib), a styryl benzyl sulfone in late-stage development, in HNSCC preclinical models. Rigosertib induced cytotoxicity in both HPV(+) and HPV(−) HNSCC cells in a dose-dependent manner. Characterization of the underlying molecular mechanism indicated that rigosertib induced inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, induced oxidative stress resulting in increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). Increased phosphorylation and cytoplasmic translocation of ATF-2 were also observed following rigosertib treatment. These changes in cell signaling led us to consider combining rigosertib with HNSCC standard-of-care therapies, such as cisplatin and radiation. Our study highlights the promising preclinical activity of rigosertib in HNSCC irrespective of HPV status and provides a molecular basis for rigosertib in combination with standard of care agents for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Prasad
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nagina Khudaynazar
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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27
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Ali I, Conrad RJ, Verdin E, Ott M. Lysine Acetylation Goes Global: From Epigenetics to Metabolism and Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1216-1252. [PMID: 29405707 PMCID: PMC6609103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational acetylation of lysine residues has emerged as a key regulatory mechanism in all eukaryotic organisms. Originally discovered in 1963 as a unique modification of histones, acetylation marks are now found on thousands of nonhistone proteins located in virtually every cellular compartment. Here we summarize key findings in the field of protein acetylation over the past 20 years with a focus on recent discoveries in nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial compartments. Collectively, these findings have elevated protein acetylation as a major post-translational modification, underscoring its physiological relevance in gene regulation, cell signaling, metabolism, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibraheem Ali
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Ryan J. Conrad
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, United States
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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28
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Garcia-Alonso L, Iorio F, Matchan A, Fonseca N, Jaaks P, Peat G, Pignatelli M, Falcone F, Benes CH, Dunham I, Bignell G, McDade SS, Garnett MJ, Saez-Rodriguez J. Transcription Factor Activities Enhance Markers of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 78:769-780. [PMID: 29229604 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional dysregulation induced by aberrant transcription factors (TF) is a key feature of cancer, but its global influence on drug sensitivity has not been examined. Here, we infer the transcriptional activity of 127 TFs through analysis of RNA-seq gene expression data newly generated for 448 cancer cell lines, combined with publicly available datasets to survey a total of 1,056 cancer cell lines and 9,250 primary tumors. Predicted TF activities are supported by their agreement with independent shRNA essentiality profiles and homozygous gene deletions, and recapitulate mutant-specific mechanisms of transcriptional dysregulation in cancer. By analyzing cell line responses to 265 compounds, we uncovered numerous TFs whose activity interacts with anticancer drugs. Importantly, combining existing pharmacogenomic markers with TF activities often improves the stratification of cell lines in response to drug treatment. Our results, which can be queried freely at dorothea.opentargets.io, offer a broad foundation for discovering opportunities to refine personalized cancer therapies.Significance: Systematic analysis of transcriptional dysregulation in cancer cell lines and patient tumor specimens offers a publicly searchable foundation to discover new opportunities to refine personalized cancer therapies. Cancer Res; 78(3); 769-80. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Garcia-Alonso
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,OpenTargets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Iorio
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,OpenTargets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Matchan
- OpenTargets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nuno Fonseca
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Jaaks
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Peat
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,OpenTargets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Pignatelli
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,OpenTargets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fiammetta Falcone
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Cyril H Benes
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ian Dunham
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,OpenTargets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Bignell
- OpenTargets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon S McDade
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew J Garnett
- OpenTargets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom. .,OpenTargets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Aachen, Germany
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29
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Tang J, Liao Y, He S, Shi J, Peng L, Xu X, Xie F, Diao N, Huang J, Xie Q, Lin C, Luo X, Liao K, Ma J, Li J, Zhou D, Li Z, Xu J, Zhong C, Wang G, Bai L. Autocrine parathyroid hormone-like hormone promotes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell proliferation via increased ERK/JNK-ATF2-cyclinD1 signaling. J Transl Med 2017; 15:238. [PMID: 29178939 PMCID: PMC5702246 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive tumor with a high fatality rate. It was recently found that parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH) was frequently overexpressed in ICC compared with non-tumor tissue. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of PTHLH in ICC development. METHODS The CCK-8 assay, colony formation assays, flow cytometry and a xenograft model were used to examine the role of PTHLH in ICC cells proliferation. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot assays were used to detect target proteins. Luciferase reporter, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and DNA pull-down assays were used to verify the transcription regulation of activating transcription factor-2 (ATF2). RESULTS PTHLH was significantly upregulated in ICC compared with adjacent and normal tissues. Upregulation of PTHLH indicated a poor pathological differentiation and intrahepatic metastasis. Functional study demonstrated that PTHLH silencing markedly suppressed ICC cells growth, while specific overexpression of PTHLH has the opposite effect. Mechanistically, secreted PTHLH could promote ICC cell growth by activating extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways, and subsequently upregulated ATF2 and cyclinD1 expression. Further study found that the promoter activity of PTHLH were negatively regulated by ATF2, indicating that a negative feedback loop exists. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that the ICC-secreted PTHLH plays a characteristic growth-promoting role through activating the canonical ERK/JNK-ATF2-cyclinD1 signaling pathways in ICC development. We identified a negative feedback loop formed by ATF2 and PTHLH. In this study, we explored the therapeutic implication for ICC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuying He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Diao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinlan Huang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuang Lin
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoying Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaili Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juanjuan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daichao Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guozhen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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30
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Isakov N. Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms in cancer, tumor promotion and tumor suppression. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 48:36-52. [PMID: 28571764 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The AGC family of serine/threonine kinases (PKA, PKG, PKC) includes more than 60 members that are critical regulators of numerous cellular functions, including cell cycle and differentiation, morphogenesis, and cell survival and death. Mutation and/or dysregulation of AGC kinases can lead to malignant cell transformation and contribute to the pathogenesis of many human diseases. Members of one subgroup of AGC kinases, the protein kinase C (PKC), have been singled out as critical players in carcinogenesis, following their identification as the intracellular receptors of phorbol esters, which exhibit tumor-promoting activities. This observation attracted the attention of researchers worldwide and led to intense investigations on the role of PKC in cell transformation and the potential use of PKC as therapeutic drug targets in cancer diseases. Studies demonstrated that many cancers had altered expression and/or mutation of specific PKC genes. However, the causal relationships between the changes in PKC gene expression and/or mutation and the direct cause of cancer remain elusive. Independent studies in normal cells demonstrated that activation of PKC is essential for the induction of cell activation and proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival. Based on these observations and the general assumption that PKC isoforms play a positive role in cell transformation and/or cancer progression, many PKC inhibitors have entered clinical trials but the numerous attempts to target PKC in cancer has so far yielded only very limited success. More recent studies demonstrated that PKC function as tumor suppressors, and suggested that future clinical efforts should focus on restoring, rather than inhibiting, PKC activity. The present manuscript provides some historical perspectives on the tumor promoting function of PKC, reviewing some of the observations linking PKC to cancer progression, and discusses the role of PKC in the pathogenesis of cancer diseases and its potential usage as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Isakov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and the Cancer Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
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Watson G, Ronai ZA, Lau E. ATF2, a paradigm of the multifaceted regulation of transcription factors in biology and disease. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:347-357. [PMID: 28212892 PMCID: PMC5457671 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Stringent transcriptional regulation is crucial for normal cellular biology and organismal development. Perturbations in the proper regulation of transcription factors can result in numerous pathologies, including cancer. Thus, understanding how transcription factors are regulated and how they are dysregulated in disease states is key to the therapeutic targeting of these factors and/or the pathways that they regulate. Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) has been studied in a number of developmental and pathological conditions. Recent findings have shed light on the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulatory mechanisms that influence ATF2 function, and thus, the transcriptional programs coordinated by ATF2. Given our current knowledge of its multiple levels of regulation and function, ATF2 represents a paradigm for the mechanistic complexity that can regulate transcription factor function. Thus, increasing our understanding of the regulation and function of ATF2 will provide insights into fundamental regulatory mechanisms that influence how cells integrate extracellular and intracellular signals into a genomic response through transcription factors. Characterization of ATF2 dysfunction in the context of pathological conditions, particularly in cancer biology and response to therapy, will be important in understanding how pathways controlled by ATF2 or other transcription factors might be therapeutically exploited. In this review, we provide an overview of the currently known upstream regulators and downstream targets of ATF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Watson
- Department of Tumor Biology and Program in Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, 3109601, Israel
| | - Eric Lau
- Department of Tumor Biology and Program in Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Katrinli S, Ozdil K, Sahin A, Ozturk O, Kir G, Baykal AT, Akgun E, Sarac OS, Sokmen M, Doğanay HL, Dinler Doğanay G. Proteomic profiling of HBV infected liver biopsies with different fibrotic stages. Proteome Sci 2017; 15:7. [PMID: 28439208 PMCID: PMC5399407 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-017-0114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health problem, and infected patients if left untreated may develop cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aims to enlighten pathways associated with HBV related liver fibrosis for delineation of potential new therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Methods Tissue samples from 47 HBV infected patients with different fibrotic stages (F1 to F6) were enrolled for 2D-DIGE proteomic screening. Differentially expressed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry and verified by western blotting. Functional proteomic associations were analyzed by EnrichNet application. Results Fibrotic stage variations were observed for apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), pyruvate kinase PKM (KPYM), glyceraldehyde 3-phospahate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (DHE3), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), alcohol dehydrogenase (ALDH1A1), transferrin (TRFE), peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3), phenazine biosynthesis-like domain-containing protein (PBLD), immuglobulin kappa chain C region (IGKC), annexin A4 (ANXA4), keratin 5 (KRT5). Enrichment analysis with Reactome and Kegg databases highlighted the possible involvement of platelet release, glycolysis and HDL mediated lipid transport pathways. Moreover, string analysis revealed that HIF-1α (Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha), one of the interacting partners of HBx (Hepatitis B X protein), may play a role in the altered glycolytic response and oxidative stress observed in liver fibrosis. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first protomic research that studies HBV infected fibrotic human liver tissues to investigate alterations in protein levels and affected pathways among different fibrotic stages. Observed changes in the glycolytic pathway caused by HBx presence and therefore its interactions with HIF-1α can be a target pathway for novel therapeutic purposes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12953-017-0114-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyma Katrinli
- Molecular Biology Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kamil Ozdil
- Gastroenterology, Umraniye Teaching and Research Hospital, Umraniye, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Sahin
- Gastroenterology, Umraniye Teaching and Research Hospital, Umraniye, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Ozturk
- Gastroenterology, Umraniye Teaching and Research Hospital, Umraniye, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gozde Kir
- Pathology, Umraniye Teaching and Research Hospital, Umraniye, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tarik Baykal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Akgun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Sinan Sarac
- Computer Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sokmen
- Gastroenterology, Umraniye Teaching and Research Hospital, Umraniye, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Levent Doğanay
- Gastroenterology, Umraniye Teaching and Research Hospital, Umraniye, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Dinler Doğanay
- Molecular Biology Biotechnology and Genetics Research Center (MOBGAM), Istanbul Technical University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ginguay A, Cynober L, Curis E, Nicolis I. Ornithine Aminotransferase, an Important Glutamate-Metabolizing Enzyme at the Crossroads of Multiple Metabolic Pathways. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6010018. [PMID: 28272331 PMCID: PMC5372011 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ornithine δ-aminotransferase (OAT, E.C. 2.6.1.13) catalyzes the transfer of the δ-amino group from ornithine (Orn) to α-ketoglutarate (aKG), yielding glutamate-5-semialdehyde and glutamate (Glu), and vice versa. In mammals, OAT is a mitochondrial enzyme, mainly located in the liver, intestine, brain, and kidney. In general, OAT serves to form glutamate from ornithine, with the notable exception of the intestine, where citrulline (Cit) or arginine (Arg) are end products. Its main function is to control the production of signaling molecules and mediators, such as Glu itself, Cit, GABA, and aliphatic polyamines. It is also involved in proline (Pro) synthesis. Deficiency in OAT causes gyrate atrophy, a rare but serious inherited disease, a further measure of the importance of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Ginguay
- Clinical Chemistry, Cochin Hospital, GH HUPC, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France.
- Laboratory of Biological Nutrition, EA 4466 PRETRAM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Luc Cynober
- Clinical Chemistry, Cochin Hospital, GH HUPC, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France.
- Laboratory of Biological Nutrition, EA 4466 PRETRAM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Emmanuel Curis
- Laboratoire de biomathématiques, plateau iB², Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
- UMR 1144, INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
- UMR 1144, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
- Service de biostatistiques et d'informatique médicales, hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance publique-hôpitaux de Paris, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - Ioannis Nicolis
- Laboratoire de biomathématiques, plateau iB², Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
- EA 4064 "Épidémiologie environnementale: Impact sanitaire des pollutions", Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
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Li H, Zheng L, Mo Y, Gong Q, Jiang A, Zhao J. Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1(VDAC1) Participates the Apoptosis of the Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Desminopathy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167908. [PMID: 27941998 PMCID: PMC5152834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Desminopathies caused by the mutation in the gene coding for desmin are genetically protein aggregation myopathies. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of pathological changes in the desminopathies at the earliest stage. The molecular mechanisms of mitochondria dysfunction in desminopathies remain exclusive. VDAC1 regulates mitochondrial uptake across the outer membrane and mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). Relationships between desminopathies and Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) remain unclear. Here we successfully constructed the desminopathy rat model, evaluated with conventional stains, containing hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Gomori Trichrome (MGT), (PAS), red oil (ORO), NADH-TR, SDH staining and immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence results showed that VDAC1 was accumulated in the desmin highly stained area of muscle fibers of desminopathy patients or desminopathy rat model compared to the normal ones. Meanwhile apoptosis related proteins bax and ATF2 were involved in desminopathy patients and desminopathy rat model, but not bcl-2, bcl-xl or HK2.VDAC1 and desmin are closely relevant in the tissue splices of deminopathies patients and rats with desminopathy at protein lever. Moreover, apoptotic proteins are also involved in the desminopathies, like bax, ATF2, but not bcl-2, bcl-xl or HK2. This pathological analysis presents the correlation between VDAC1 and desmin, and apoptosis related proteins are correlated in the desminopathy. Furthermore, we provide a rat model of desminopathy for the investigation of desmin related myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyin Li
- Department of Internal Neurology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai (Minhang Hospital, Fudan University), Minhang District, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Department of Internal Neurology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai (Minhang Hospital, Fudan University), Minhang District, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Yanqing Mo
- Department of Internal Neurology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai (Minhang Hospital, Fudan University), Minhang District, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Qi Gong
- Department of Internal Neurology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai (Minhang Hospital, Fudan University), Minhang District, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Aihua Jiang
- Department of Internal Neurology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai (Minhang Hospital, Fudan University), Minhang District, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Internal Neurology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai (Minhang Hospital, Fudan University), Minhang District, Shanghai, P.R.China
- * E-mail:
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Mylonis I, Kourti M, Samiotaki M, Panayotou G, Simos G. Mortalin-mediated and ERK-controlled targeting of HIF-1α to mitochondria confers resistance to apoptosis under hypoxia. J Cell Sci 2016; 130:466-479. [PMID: 27909249 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.195339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is the main transcriptional activator of the cellular response to hypoxia and an important target of anticancer therapy. Phosphorylation by ERK1 and/or ERK2 (MAPK3 and MAPK1, respectively; hereafter ERK) stimulates the transcriptional activity of HIF-1α by inhibiting its CRM1 (XPO1)-dependent nuclear export. Here, we demonstrate that phosphorylation by ERK also regulates the association of HIF-1α with a so-far-unknown interaction partner identified as mortalin (also known as GRP75 and HSPA9), which mediates non-genomic involvement of HIF-1α in apoptosis. Mortalin binds specifically to HIF-1α that lacks modification by ERK, and the HIF-1α-mortalin complex is localized outside the nucleus. Under hypoxia, mortalin mediates targeting of unmodified HIF-1α to the outer mitochondrial membrane, as well as association with VDAC1 and hexokinase II, which promotes production of a C-terminally truncated active form of VDAC1, denoted VDAC1-ΔC, and protection from apoptosis when ERK is inactivated. Under normoxia, transcriptionally inactive forms of unmodified HIF-1α or its C-terminal domain alone are also targeted to mitochondria, stimulate production of VDAC1-ΔC and increase resistance to etoposide- or doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. These findings reveal an ERK-controlled, unconventional and anti-apoptotic function of HIF-1α that might serve as an early protective mechanism upon oxygen limitation and promote cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Mylonis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Panepistimiou 3, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Kourti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Panepistimiou 3, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center (B.S.R.C.) "Alexander Fleming", 34 Fleming Street, 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - George Panayotou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center (B.S.R.C.) "Alexander Fleming", 34 Fleming Street, 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - George Simos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Panepistimiou 3, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Adiponectin reduces ER stress-induced apoptosis through PPARα transcriptional regulation of ATF2 in mouse adipose. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2487. [PMID: 27882945 PMCID: PMC5260871 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is a cytokine produced predominantly by adipose tissue and correlates with glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, the effects of adiponectin on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis of adipose tissue remain elusive. In this study, we found that tunicamycin-induced ER stress increased serum free fatty acid (FFA) and impaired glucose tolerance, elevated the mRNA levels of GRP78, Chop, ATF2 and caspase 3, but reduced adiponectin mRNA level in white adipose tissue. Moreover, ER stress-triggered adipocyte apoptosis by increasing cellular FFA level and Ca2+ level. Further analysis revealed that adiponectin alleviated ER stress-induced adipocyte apoptosis by elevating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) mRNA level. Our data also confirmed that adiponectin reduced early apoptotic cells and blocked the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by activating the AdipoR1/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signal pathway. In addition, PPARα bound to ATF2 promoter region and inhibited transcription of ATF2. The inhibition of adipocyte apoptosis by adiponectin was correlated with transcriptional suppression of ATF2. Furthermore, adiponectin inhibited ER stress-induced apoptosis by activating the AMPK/PKC pathway. In summary, our data demonstrate adiponectin inhibited ER stress and apoptosis of adipocyte in vivo and in vitro by activating the AMPK/PPARα/ATF2 pathway. Our study establishes that adiponectin is an important adipocytokine for preventing and treating obesity.
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Mitochondrial ATF2 translocation contributes to apoptosis induction and BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma through the interaction of Bim with VDAC1. Oncotarget 2016; 6:36338-53. [PMID: 26462148 PMCID: PMC4742181 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitochondrial accumulation of ATF2 is involved in tumor suppressor activities via cytochrome c release in melanoma cells. However, the signaling pathways that connect mitochondrial ATF2 accumulation and cytochrome c release are not well documented. METHODS Several melanoma cell lines, B16F10, K1735M2, A375 and A375-R1, were treated with paclitaxel and vemurafenib to test the function of mitochondrial ATF2 and its connection to Bim and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1). Immunoprecipitation analysis was performed to investigate the functional interaction between the involved proteins. VDAC1 oligomerization was evaluated using an EGS-based crosslinking assay. RESULTS The expression and migration of ATF2 to the mitochondria accounted for paclitaxel stimuli and acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. Mitochondrial ATF2 facilitated Bim stabilization through the inhibition of its degradation by the proteasome, thereby promoting cytochrome c release and inducing apoptosis in B16F10 and A375 cells. Studies using B16F10 and A375 cells genetically modified for ATF2 indicated that mitochondrial ATF2 was able to dissociate Bim from the Mcl-1/Bim complex to trigger VDAC1 oligomerization. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that Bim interacts with VDAC1, and this interaction was remarkably enhanced during apoptosis. CONCLUSION These results reveal that mitochondrial ATF2 is associated with the induction of apoptosis and BRAF inhibitor resistance through Bim activation, which might suggest potential novel therapies for the targeted induction of apoptosis in melanoma therapy.
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A Transcriptionally Inactive ATF2 Variant Drives Melanomagenesis. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1884-92. [PMID: 27210757 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most lethal cutaneous malignancies, characterized by chemoresistance and a striking propensity to metastasize. The transcription factor ATF2 elicits oncogenic activities in melanoma, and its inhibition attenuates melanoma development. Here, we show that expression of a transcriptionally inactive form of Atf2 (Atf2(Δ8,9)) promotes development of melanoma in mouse models. Atf2(Δ8,9)-driven tumors show enhanced pigmentation, immune infiltration, and metastatic propensity. Similar to mouse Atf2(Δ8,9), we have identified a transcriptionally inactive human ATF2 splice variant 5 (ATF2(SV5)) that enhances the growth and migration capacity of cultured melanoma cells and immortalized melanocytes. ATF2(SV5) expression is elevated in human melanoma specimens and is associated with poor prognosis. These findings point to an oncogenic function for ATF2 in melanoma development that appears to be independent of its transcriptional activity.
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Lau E, Feng Y, Claps G, Fukuda MN, Perlina A, Donn D, Jilaveanu L, Kluger H, Freeze HH, Ronai ZA. The transcription factor ATF2 promotes melanoma metastasis by suppressing protein fucosylation. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra124. [PMID: 26645581 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aac6479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most lethal skin cancers worldwide, primarily because of its propensity to metastasize. Thus, the elucidation of mechanisms that govern metastatic propensity is urgently needed. We found that protein kinase Cε (PKCε)-mediated activation of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) controls the migratory and invasive behaviors of melanoma cells. PKCε-dependent phosphorylation of ATF2 promoted its transcriptional repression of the gene encoding fucokinase (FUK), which mediates the fucose salvage pathway and thus global cellular protein fucosylation. In primary melanocytes and cell lines representing early-stage melanoma, the abundance of PKCε-phosphorylated ATF2 was low, thereby enabling the expression of FUK and cellular protein fucosylation, which promoted cellular adhesion and reduced motility. In contrast, increased expression of the gene encoding PKCε and abundance of phosphorylated, transcriptionally active ATF2 were observed in advanced-stage melanomas and correlated with decreased FUK expression, decreased cellular protein fucosylation, attenuated cell adhesion, and increased cell motility. Restoring fucosylation in mice either by dietary fucose supplementation or by genetic manipulation of murine Fuk expression attenuated primary melanoma growth, increased the number of intratumoral natural killer cells, and decreased distal metastasis in murine isograft models. Tumor microarray analysis of human melanoma specimens confirmed reduced fucosylation in metastatic tumors and a better prognosis for primary melanomas that had high abundance of fucosylation. Thus, inhibiting PKCε or ATF2 or increasing protein fucosylation in tumor cells may improve clinical outcome in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lau
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Yongmei Feng
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Giuseppina Claps
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michiko N Fukuda
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ally Perlina
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dylan Donn
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lucia Jilaveanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Harriet Kluger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Hudson H Freeze
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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You Z, Zhou Y, Guo Y, Chen W, Chen S, Wang X. Activating transcription factor 2 expression mediates cell proliferation and is associated with poor prognosis in human non-small cell lung carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:760-766. [PMID: 26870280 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) is a member of the cAMP response element binding protein family that heterodimerizes and activates other transcription factors involved in stress and DNA damage responses, growth, differentiation and apoptosis. ATF2 has been investigated as a potential carcinogenic biomarker in certain types of cancer, such as melanoma. However, its function and clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been well studied. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the association between ATF2/phosphorylated (p)-ATF2 expression and NSCLC malignant behavior, and discuss its clinical significance. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to detect the expression of ATF2 in NSCLC cell lines and fresh NSCLC tissue samples. In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to identify the location and expression of ATF2 and p-ATF2 (threonine 71) in paraffin-embedded sections of NSCLC and adjacent normal tissue. The results demonstrated that ATF2 was markedly overexpressed in the NSCLC cells and significantly overexpressed in the fresh NSCLC tissues compared with the control cells and samples (86 paraffin-embedded tissue sections), respectively (P<0.01). Further data demonstrated that ATF2 expression levels were significantly increased in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues and ATF2 was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. ATF2 expression was closely associated with adverse clinical characteristics such as TNM stage (P=0.002), tumor size (P=0.018) and metastasis (P=0.027). In addition, nuclear p-ATF2 staining was positive in 65/86 samples of NSCLC. Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with high levels of ATF2 and p-ATF2 expression had a significantly shorter overall survival compared with patients exhibiting a low expression (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). Subsequent in vitro experiments revealed that cell growth decreased following knockdown of ATF2 expression using RNA interference, indicating that ATF2 may suppress cell proliferation. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated that ATF2 and p-ATF2 were significantly overexpressed in NSCLC tissues, and ATF2 and p-ATF2 overexpression predicted significantly worse outcomes for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu You
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shaoqing Chen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolang Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Patel H, Chen J, Kavdia M. Induced peroxidase and cytoprotective enzyme expressions support adaptation of HUVECs to sustain subsequent H2O2 exposure. Microvasc Res 2015; 103:1-10. [PMID: 26409120 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
H2O2 mediates autocrine and paracrine signaling in the vasculature and can propagate endothelial dysfunction. However, it is not clear how endothelial cells withstand H2O2 exposure and promote H2O2-induced vascular remodeling. To understand the innate ability of endothelial cells for sustaining excess H2O2 exposure, we investigated the genotypic and functional regulation of redox systems in primary HUVECs following an H2O2 treatment. Primary HUVECs were exposed to transient H2O2 exposure and consistent H2O2 exposure. Following H2O2 treatments for 24, 48 and 72 h, we measured O2(-) production, mitochondrial membrane polarization (MMP), and gene expressions of pro-oxidative enzymes, peroxidase enzymes, and cytoprotective intermediates. Our results showed that the 24 h H2O2 exposure significantly increased O2(-) levels, hyperpolarized MMP, and downregulated CAT, GPX1, TXNRD1, NFE2L2, ASK1, and ATF2 gene expression in HUVECs. At 72 h, HUVECs in both treatment conditions were shown to adapt to reduce O2(-) levels and normalize MMP. An upregulation of GPX1, TXNRD1, and HMOX1 gene expression and a recovery of NFE2L2 and PRDX1 gene expression to control levels were observed in both consistent and transient treatments at 48 and 72 h. The response of endothelial cells to excess levels of H2O2 involves a complex interaction amongst O2(-) levels, mitochondrial membrane polarization and anti- and pro-oxidant gene regulation. As a part of this response, HUVECs induce cytoprotective mechanisms including the expression of peroxidase and antioxidant enzymes along with the downregulation of pro-apoptotic genes. This adaptation assists HUVECs to withstand subsequent exposures to H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemang Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
| | - Mahendra Kavdia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
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Felizola SJA, Nakamura Y, Ozawa Y, Ono Y, Morimoto R, Midorikawa S, Suzuki S, Satoh F, Sasano H. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in the human adrenal cortex: its possible involvement in aldosterone biosynthesis. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2015; 234:249-54. [PMID: 25400120 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.234.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a member of the cAMP-responsive element-binding (CREB) protein family of transcription factors. ATF3 is expressed in H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cells and considered a rapid-responder gene to angiotensin-II stimulation. However, the functions of ATF3 in human adrenocortical tissues have remained unknown. In this study, we analyzed the localization and possible regulatory mechanisms of ATF3 in human adrenocortical cells and tissues. The expression levels of ATF3 mRNA were analyzed in 66 aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) and 14 cortisol-producing adenomas (CPA) using real-time RT-PCR. To localize the ATF3 protein, we performed immunohistochemical analysis in 20 non-pathological adrenal glands, 9 adrenal glands with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA), 20 APA, and 5 CPA using a mouse monoclonal antibody against human ATF3. We showed that ATF3 mRNA levels were higher in APA compared to CPA (P = 0.0053). ATF3 was immunolocalized to the zona glomerulosa of non-pathological adrenal glands and adrenal glands with IHA, and diffusely detected in the tumor cells of APA and CPA. Subsequently, H295R cells were treated for 6 h with each inhibitor of Src kinase (SRC), PKC, JAK2, and calcium-dependent calmodulin kinase-II (CaMKII) in the presence or absence of angiotensin-II. The expression levels of ATF3 mRNA were increased by angiotensin-II (about 3.5-fold induction), but the magnitude of the induction was significantly decreased in the presence of an inhibitor for SRC (PP2) or CaMKII (KN93). These results suggest that ATF3 is a downstream target of SRC and CaMKII signaling, and may be involved in adrenocortical aldosterone synthesis.
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Yu Q, Katlinskaya YV, Carbone CJ, Zhao B, Katlinski KV, Zheng H, Guha M, Li N, Chen Q, Yang T, Lengner CJ, Greenberg RA, Johnson FB, Fuchs SY. DNA-damage-induced type I interferon promotes senescence and inhibits stem cell function. Cell Rep 2015; 11:785-797. [PMID: 25921537 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of type I interferons (IFNs) can be induced by DNA-damaging agents, but the mechanisms and significance of this regulation are not completely understood. We found that the transcription factor IRF3, activated in an ATM-IKKα/β-dependent manner, stimulates cell-autonomous IFN-β expression in response to double-stranded DNA breaks. Cells and tissues with accumulating DNA damage produce endogenous IFN-β and stimulate IFN signaling in vitro and in vivo. In turn, IFN acts to amplify DNA-damage responses, activate the p53 pathway, promote senescence, and inhibit stem cell function in response to telomere shortening. Inactivation of the IFN pathway abrogates the development of diverse progeric phenotypes and extends the lifespan of Terc knockout mice. These data identify DNA-damage-response-induced IFN signaling as a critical mechanism that links accumulating DNA damage with senescence and premature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujing Yu
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuliya V Katlinskaya
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher J Carbone
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kanstantsin V Katlinski
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Manti Guha
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qijun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher J Lengner
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Roger A Greenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - F Brad Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Serge Y Fuchs
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Basser Research Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 380 S. University Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Song M, Matkovich SJ, Zhang Y, Hammer DJ, Dorn GW. Combined cardiomyocyte PKCδ and PKCε gene deletion uncovers their central role in restraining developmental and reactive heart growth. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra39. [PMID: 25900833 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaa1855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell growth is orchestrated by changes in gene expression that respond to developmental and environmental cues. Among the signaling pathways that direct growth are enzymes of the protein kinase C (PKC) family, which are ubiquitous proteins belonging to three distinct subclasses: conventional PKCs, novel PKCs, and atypical PKCs. Functional overlap makes determining the physiological actions of different PKC isoforms difficult. We showed that two novel PKC isoforms, PKCδ and PKCε, redundantly govern stress-reactive and developmental heart growth by modulating the expression of cardiac genes central to stress-activated protein kinase and periostin signaling. Mice with combined postnatal cardiomyocyte-specific genetic ablation of PKCδ and germline deletion of PKCε (DCKO) had normally sized hearts, but their hearts had transcriptional changes typical of pathological hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction induced by hemodynamic overloading were greater in DCKO mice than in mice with a single deletion of either PKCδ or PKCε. Furthermore, gene expression analysis of the hearts of DCKO mice revealed transcriptional derepression of the genes encoding the kinase ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and periostin. Mice with combined embryonic ablation of PKCδ and PKCε showed enhanced growth and cardiomyocyte hyperplasia that induced pathological ventricular stiffening and early lethality, phenotypes absent in mice with a single deletion of PKCδ or PKCε. Our results indicate that novel PKCs provide retrograde feedback inhibition of growth signaling pathways central to cardiac development and stress adaptation. These growth-suppressing effects of novel PKCs have implications for therapeutic inhibition of PKCs in cancer, heart, and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshi Song
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Scot J Matkovich
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel J Hammer
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gerald W Dorn
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Bavelloni A, Piazzi M, Raffini M, Faenza I, Blalock WL. Prohibitin 2: At a communications crossroads. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:239-54. [PMID: 25904163 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Prohibitins (PHBs) are a highly conserved class of proteins first discovered as inhibitors of cellular proliferation. Since then PHBs have been found to have a significant role in transcription, nuclear signaling, mitochondrial structural integrity, cell division, and cellular membrane metabolism, placing these proteins among the key regulators of pathologies such as cancer, neuromuscular degeneration, and other metabolic diseases. The human genome encodes two PHB proteins, prohibitin 1 (PHB1) and prohibitin 2 (PHB2), which function not only as a heterodimeric complex, but also independently. While many previous reviews have focused on the better characterized prohibitin, PHB1, this review focuses on PHB2 and new data concerning its cellular functions both in complex with PHB1 and independent of PHB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bavelloni
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory RAMSES, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Piazzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mirco Raffini
- Laboratory RAMSES, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - William L Blalock
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.,National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Bologna, Italy
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Liu Z, Luo Q, Guo C. Bim and VDAC1 are hierarchically essential for mitochondrial ATF2 mediated cell death. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:34. [PMID: 25852302 PMCID: PMC4387661 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATF2 mediated cytochrome c release is the formation of a channel with some unknown factors larger than that of the individual proteins. BHS-only proteins (BH3s), such as Bim, could induce BAX and VDAC, forming a new channel. According to this facts, we can speculated that there is possible signal relationship with BH3s and ATF2, which is associated with mitochondrial-based death programs. METHODS The growth inhibitory effects of mitochondrial ATF2 were tested in cancer cell lines B16F10, A549, EG7, and LL2. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. The effects of ATF2 and levels of apoptosis regulatory proteins were measured by Western blotting. The interaction of proteins were evaluated by immunoprecipitation analysis. The in vivo antitumor activity of mitochondrial ATF2 were tested in xenograft B16F10 models. RESULTS Genotoxic stress enabled mitochondrial ATF2 accumulation, perturbing the HK1-VDAC1 complex, increasing mitochondrial permeability, and promoting apoptosis. ATF2 inhibition strongly reduced the conformational activation of Bim, suggesting that Bim acts downstream of ATF2. Although Bim downregulation had no effect on ATF2 activation, Bim knockdown abolished VDAC1 activation; the failure of VDAC1 activation in Bim-depleted cells could be reversed by the BH3-only protein mimic ABT-737. We also demonstrate that silencing of ATF2 in B16F10 cells increases both the incidence and prevalence of tumor xenografts in vivo, whereas stably mitochondrial ATF2 transfection inhibited B16F10 tumor xenografts growth. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results show that ATF2 is a component of the apoptosis machinery that involves a hierarchical contribution of ATF2, Bim, and VDAC1. Our data offer new insight into the mechanism of mitochondrial ATF2 in mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Liu
- Laboratory of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014 P. R. China
| | - Qianfu Luo
- Laboratory of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014 P. R. China
| | - Chunbao Guo
- Laboratory of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Chongqing, 400014 P. R. China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, P. R. China
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47
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Lau E, Sedy J, Sander C, Shaw MA, Feng Y, Scortegagna M, Claps G, Robinson S, Cheng P, Srivas R, Soonthornvacharin S, Ideker T, Bosenberg M, Gonzalez R, Robinson W, Chanda SK, Ware C, Dummer R, Hoon D, Kirkwood JM, Ronai ZA. Transcriptional repression of IFNβ1 by ATF2 confers melanoma resistance to therapy. Oncogene 2015; 34:5739-48. [PMID: 25728676 PMCID: PMC4558399 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The resistance of melanoma to current treatment modalities represents a major obstacle for durable therapeutic response, and thus, the elucidation of mechanisms of resistance is urgently needed. The crucial functions of Activating Transcription Factor-2 (ATF2) in the development and therapeutic resistance of melanoma have been previously reported, although the precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report a protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε)- and Activating Transcription Factor-2 (ATF2)-mediated mechanism that facilitates resistance by transcriptionally repressing the expression of IFNβ1 and downstream type-I IFN signaling, which is otherwise induced upon exposure to chemotherapy. Treatment of early stage melanomas expressing low levels of PKCε with chemotherapies relieves its transcriptional repression of IFNB1, resulting in impaired S-phase progression, a senescence-like phenotype, and increased cell death. This response is lost in late stage metastatic melanomas expressing high levels of PKCε. Notably, nuclear ATF2 and low expression of IFNβ1 in melanoma tumor samples correlates with poor patient responsiveness to biochemotherapy or neoadjuvant IFN-α2a. Conversely, cytosolic ATF2 and induction of IFNβ1 coincides with therapeutic responsiveness. Collectively, we identify an IFNβ1-dependent, cell autonomous mechanism that contributes to the therapeutic resistance of melanoma via the PKCε-ATF2 regulatory axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lau
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Sedy
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C Sander
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M A Shaw
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Y Feng
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Scortegagna
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - G Claps
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S Robinson
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - P Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Srivas
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - S Soonthornvacharin
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - T Ideker
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - R Gonzalez
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - W Robinson
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - S K Chanda
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C Ware
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Hoon
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - J M Kirkwood
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Z A Ronai
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Nam EH, Lee Y, Moon B, Lee JW, Kim S. Twist1 and AP-1 cooperatively upregulate integrin α5 expression to induce invasion and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:327-37. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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49
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Cdk1-mediated phosphorylation of human ATF7 at Thr-51 and Thr-53 promotes cell-cycle progression into M phase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116048. [PMID: 25545367 PMCID: PMC4278844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) and its homolog ATF7 are phosphorylated at Thr-69/Thr-71 and at Thr-51/Thr-53, respectively, by stress-activated MAPKs regulating their transcriptional functions in G1 and S phases. However, little is known about the role of ATF2 and ATF7 in G2/M phase. Here, we show that Cdk1-cyclin B1 phosphorylates ATF2 at Thr-69/Thr-71 and ATF7 at Thr-51/Thr-53 from early prophase to anaphase in the absence of any stress stimulation. Knockdown of ATF2 or ATF7 decreases the rate of cell proliferation and the number of cells in M-phase. In particular, the knockdown of ATF7 severely inhibits cell proliferation and G2/M progression. The inducible expression of a mitotically nonphosphorylatable version of ATF7 inhibits G2/M progression despite the presence of endogenous ATF7. We also show that mitotic phosphorylation of ATF7 promotes the activation of Aurora kinases, which are key enzymes for early mitotic events. These results suggest that the Cdk1-mediated phosphorylation of ATF7 facilitates G2/M progression, at least in part, by enabling Aurora signaling.
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50
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Keklikoglu N, Akinci S. ATF-2 immunoreactivity in post-mitotic and terminally differentiated human odontoblasts. Med Mol Morphol 2014; 48:164-8. [PMID: 25417007 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-014-0092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2/CRE-BP1; cAMP-responsive element binding protein 1) is a member of nuclear transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) family. AP-1 regulates cellular processes including growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. However, biological relationship of cellular process to each member of the AP-1 family is not clear yet. The objective of the present study was to compare the ATF-2 immunoreactivity in the post-mitotic and terminally differentiated odontoblasts and in the pulpal fibroblasts which can be divided by mitosis when required. Fibroblasts at various stages of differentiation co-exist in the human dental pulp. ATF-2 was investigated immunohistochemically in 20 permanent human teeth. According to the findings obtained, the mean percentage of ATF-2 positive cells was 68.5 ± 19.2% in the odontoblasts and 22.8 ± 13.7% in the pulpal fibroblasts. The comparison of ATF-2 positivity revealed a statistically significant difference between odontoblasts and pulpal fibroblasts. These findings have suggested that ATF-2 is more associated with cell survival rather than cell proliferation, and revealed much of effectiveness in maintaining terminal differentiation than the various differentiation stages of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurullah Keklikoglu
- Division of Basic Sciences, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sevtap Akinci
- Division of Basic Sciences, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
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