1
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Juárez CK, Sequeira V, van den Boogaard M, Veerman CC, Hoetjes NJ, Poel E, Tanck MWT, Lekanne Deprez RH, Vermeer AMC, van der Velden J, Amin AS. Tropomyosin-troponin complex in inherited cardiomyopathies. Heart Rhythm 2024; 21:1173-1175. [PMID: 38382684 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Krijger Juárez
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Translational Science, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Malou van den Boogaard
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan C Veerman
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola J Hoetjes
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Poel
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael W T Tanck
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald H Lekanne Deprez
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexa M C Vermeer
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmad S Amin
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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2
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Pardon G, Vander Roest AS, Chirikian O, Birnbaum F, Lewis H, Castillo EA, Wilson R, Denisin AK, Blair CA, Holbrook C, Koleckar K, Chang ACY, Blau HM, Pruitt BL. Tracking single hiPSC-derived cardiomyocyte contractile function using CONTRAX an efficient pipeline for traction force measurement. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5427. [PMID: 38926342 PMCID: PMC11208611 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) are powerful in vitro models to study the mechanisms underlying cardiomyopathies and cardiotoxicity. Quantification of the contractile function in single hiPSC-CMs at high-throughput and over time is essential to disentangle how cellular mechanisms affect heart function. Here, we present CONTRAX, an open-access, versatile, and streamlined pipeline for quantitative tracking of the contractile dynamics of single hiPSC-CMs over time. Three software modules enable: parameter-based identification of single hiPSC-CMs; automated video acquisition of >200 cells/hour; and contractility measurements via traction force microscopy. We analyze >4,500 hiPSC-CMs over time in the same cells under orthogonal conditions of culture media and substrate stiffnesses; +/- drug treatment; +/- cardiac mutations. Using undirected clustering, we reveal converging maturation patterns, quantifiable drug response to Mavacamten and significant deficiencies in hiPSC-CMs with disease mutations. CONTRAX empowers researchers with a potent quantitative approach to develop cardiac therapies.
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Grants
- K99 HL153679 NHLBI NIH HHS
- RM1 GM131981 NIGMS NIH HHS
- 20POST35211011 American Heart Association (American Heart Association, Inc.)
- 17CSA33590101 American Heart Association (American Heart Association, Inc.)
- 18CDA34110411 American Heart Association (American Heart Association, Inc.)
- 1R21HL13099301 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- 18POST34080160 American Heart Association (American Heart Association, Inc.)
- 1F31HL158227 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- F31 HL158227 NHLBI NIH HHS
- 201411MFE-338745-169197 Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Instituts de Recherche en Santé du Canada)
- P2SKP2_164954 Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Swiss National Science Foundation)
- 13POST14480004 American Heart Association (American Heart Association, Inc.)
- RM1GM131981 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- 82070248 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- P400PM_180825 Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Swiss National Science Foundation)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- Shanghai Pujiang Program 19PJ1407000 Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning 0900000024 to A.C.Y.C. Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai (A.C.Y.C.)
- the Baxter Foundation, Li Ka Shing Foundation and The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspard Pardon
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and of Bioengineering, Stanford University, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- School of Life Sciences, EPFL École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alison S Vander Roest
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and of Bioengineering, Stanford University, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Orlando Chirikian
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Foster Birnbaum
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Henry Lewis
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and of Bioengineering, Stanford University, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Erica A Castillo
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and of Bioengineering, Stanford University, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Robin Wilson
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and of Bioengineering, Stanford University, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aleksandra K Denisin
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and of Bioengineering, Stanford University, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cheavar A Blair
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and of Bioengineering, Stanford University, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Colin Holbrook
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kassie Koleckar
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alex C Y Chang
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Helen M Blau
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Beth L Pruitt
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and of Bioengineering, Stanford University, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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3
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Li X, Li J, Samuelsson AM, Thakur H, Kapiloff MS. Protein phosphatase 2A anchoring disruptor gene therapy for familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101233. [PMID: 38572067 PMCID: PMC10988123 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Familial dilated cardiomyopathy is a prevalent cause of heart failure that results from the mutation of genes encoding proteins of diverse function. Despite modern therapy, dilated cardiomyopathy typically has a poor outcome and is the leading cause of cardiac transplantation. The phosphatase PP2A at cardiomyocyte perinuclear mAKAPβ signalosomes promotes pathological eccentric cardiac remodeling, as is characteristic of dilated cardiomyopathy. Displacement of PP2A from mAKAPβ, inhibiting PP2A function in that intracellular compartment, can be achieved by expression of a mAKAPβ-derived PP2A binding domain-derived peptide. To test whether PP2A anchoring disruption would be effective at preventing dilated cardiomyopathy-associated cardiac dysfunction, the adeno-associated virus gene therapy vector AAV9sc.PBD was devised to express the disrupting peptide in cardiomyocytes in vivo. Proof-of-concept is now provided that AAV9sc.PBD improves the cardiac structure and function of a cardiomyopathy mouse model involving transgenic expression of a mutant α-tropomyosin E54K Tpm1 allele, while AAV9sc.PBD has no effect on normal non-transgenic mice. At the cellular level, AAV9sc.PBD restores cardiomyocyte morphology and gene expression in the mutant Tpm1 mouse. As the mechanism of AAV9sc.PBD action suggests potential efficacy in dilated cardiomyopathy regardless of the underlying etiology, these data support the further testing of AAV9sc.PBD as a broad-based treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Li
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jinliang Li
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Anne-Maj Samuelsson
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Hrishikesh Thakur
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Michael S. Kapiloff
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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4
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Tune T, Kooiker KB, Davis J, Daniel T, Moussavi-Harami F. Identifying Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in Muscle using Bayesian Parameter Estimation with Conditional Variational Autoencoders. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.08.593035. [PMID: 38766103 PMCID: PMC11100674 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.08.593035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies, often caused by mutations in genes encoding muscle proteins, are traditionally treated by phenotyping hearts and addressing symptoms post irreversible damage. With advancements in genotyping, early diagnosis is now possible, potentially preventing such damage. However, the intricate structure of muscle and its myriad proteins make treatment predictions challenging. Here we approach the problem of estimating therapeutic targets for a mutation in mouse muscle using a spatially explicit half sarcomere muscle model. We selected 9 rate parameters in our model linked to both small molecules and cardiomyopathy-causing mutations. We then randomly varied these rate parameters and simulated an isometric twitch for each combination to generate a large training dataset. We used this dataset to train a Conditional Variational Autoencoder (CVAE), a technique used in Bayesian parameter estimation. Given simulated or experimental isometric twitches, this machine learning model is able to then predict the set of rate parameters which are most likely to yield that result. We then predict the set of rate parameters associated with both control and the cardiac Troponin C (cTnC) I61Q variant in mouse trabeculae and model parameters that recover the abnormal I61Q cTnC twitches. SIGNIFICANCE Machine learning techniques have potential to accelerate discoveries in biologically complex systems. However, they require large data sets and can be challenging in high dimensional systems such as cardiac muscle. In this study, we combined experimental measures of cardiac muscle twitch forces with mechanistic simulations and a newly developed mixture of Bayesian inference with neural networks (in autoencoders) to solve the inverse problem of determining the underlying kinetics for observed force generation by cardiac muscle. The autoencoders are trained on millions of simulations spanning parameter spaces that correspond to the mechanochemistry of cardiac sarcomeres. We apply the trained model to experimental data in order to infer parameters that can explain a diseased twitch and ways to recover it.
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5
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Khalilimeybodi A, Saucerman JJ, Rangamani P. Modeling cardiomyocyte signaling and metabolism predicts genotype-to-phenotype mechanisms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Comput Biol Med 2024; 175:108499. [PMID: 38677172 PMCID: PMC11175993 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a significant precursor of heart failure and sudden cardiac death, primarily caused by mutations in sarcomeric and structural proteins. Despite the extensive research on the HCM genotype, the complex and context-specific nature of many signaling and metabolic pathways linking the HCM genotype to phenotype has hindered therapeutic advancements for patients. Here, we have developed a computational model of HCM encompassing cardiomyocyte signaling and metabolic networks and their associated interactions. Utilizing a stochastic logic-based ODE approach, we linked cardiomyocyte signaling to the metabolic network through a gene regulatory network and post-translational modifications. We validated the model against published data on activities of signaling species in the HCM context and transcriptomes of two HCM mouse models (i.e., R403Q-αMyHC and R92W-TnT). Our model predicts that HCM mutation induces changes in metabolic functions such as ATP synthase deficiency and a transition from fatty acids to carbohydrate metabolism. The model indicated major shifts in glutamine-related metabolism and increased apoptosis after HCM-induced ATP synthase deficiency. We predicted that the transcription factors STAT, SRF, GATA4, TP53, and FoxO are the key regulators of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis in HCM in alignment with experiments. Moreover, we identified shared (e.g., activation of PGC1α by AMPK, and FHL1 by titin) and context-specific mechanisms (e.g., regulation of Ca2+ sensitivity by titin in HCM patients) that may control genotype-to-phenotype transition in HCM across different species or mutations. We also predicted potential combination drug targets for HCM (e.g., mavacamten plus ROS inhibitors) preventing or reversing HCM phenotype (i.e., hypertrophic growth, apoptosis, and metabolic remodeling) in cardiomyocytes. This study provides new insights into mechanisms linking genotype to phenotype in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and offers a framework for assessing new treatments and exploring variations in HCM experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khalilimeybodi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - P Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, United States of America.
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6
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Monte E, Furihata T, Wang G, Perea-Gil I, Wei E, Chaib H, Nair R, Guevara JV, Mares R, Cheng X, Zhuge Y, Black K, Serrano R, Dagan-Rosenfeld O, Maguire P, Mercola M, Karakikes I, Wu JC, Snyder MP. Personalized transcriptome signatures in a cardiomyopathy stem cell biobank. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.10.593618. [PMID: 38798547 PMCID: PMC11118309 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.10.593618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that pathogenic mutations do not fully explain hypertrophic (HCM) or dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathy phenotypes. We hypothesized that if a patient's genetic background was influencing cardiomyopathy this should be detectable as signatures in gene expression. We built a cardiomyopathy biobank resource for interrogating personalized genotype phenotype relationships in human cell lines. METHODS We recruited 308 diseased and control patients for our cardiomyopathy stem cell biobank. We successfully reprogrammed PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for 300 donors. These iPSCs underwent whole genome sequencing and were differentiated into cardiomyocytes for RNA-seq. In addition to annotating pathogenic variants, mutation burden in a panel of cardiomyopathy genes was assessed for correlation with echocardiogram measurements. Line-specific co-expression networks were inferred to evaluate transcriptomic subtypes. Drug treatment targeted the sarcomere, either by activation with omecamtiv mecarbil or inhibition with mavacamten, to alter contractility. RESULTS We generated an iPSC biobank from 300 donors, which included 101 individuals with HCM and 88 with DCM. Whole genome sequencing of 299 iPSC lines identified 78 unique pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations in the diseased lines. Notably, only DCM lines lacking a known pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutation replicated a finding in the literature for greater nonsynonymous SNV mutation burden in 102 cardiomyopathy genes to correlate with lower left ventricular ejection fraction in DCM. We analyzed RNA-sequencing data from iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes for 102 donors. Inferred personalized co-expression networks revealed two transcriptional subtypes of HCM. The first subtype exhibited concerted activation of the co-expression network, with the degree of activation reflective of the disease severity of the donor. In contrast, the second HCM subtype and the entire DCM cohort exhibited partial activation of the respective disease network, with the strength of specific gene by gene relationships dependent on the iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte line. ADCY5 was the largest hubnode in both the HCM and DCM networks and partially corrected in response to drug treatment. CONCLUSIONS We have a established a stem cell biobank for studying cardiomyopathy. Our analysis supports the hypothesis the genetic background influences pathologic gene expression programs and support a role for ADCY5 in cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Monte
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | | | - Guangwen Wang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Isaac Perea-Gil
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Eric Wei
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Hassan Chaib
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Ramesh Nair
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Julio Vicente Guevara
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Rene Mares
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Xun Cheng
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Yan Zhuge
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Katelyn Black
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Ricardo Serrano
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | | | - Peter Maguire
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Mark Mercola
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Ioannis Karakikes
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
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7
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Lee S, Vander Roest AS, Blair CA, Kao K, Bremner SB, Childers MC, Pathak D, Heinrich P, Lee D, Chirikian O, Mohran SE, Roberts B, Smith JE, Jahng JW, Paik DT, Wu JC, Gunawardane RN, Ruppel KM, Mack DL, Pruitt BL, Regnier M, Wu SM, Spudich JA, Bernstein D. Incomplete-penetrant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy MYH7 G256E mutation causes hypercontractility and elevated mitochondrial respiration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318413121. [PMID: 38683993 PMCID: PMC11087781 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318413121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Determining the pathogenicity of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-associated mutations in the β-myosin heavy chain (MYH7) can be challenging due to its variable penetrance and clinical severity. This study investigates the early pathogenic effects of the incomplete-penetrant MYH7 G256E mutation on myosin function that may trigger pathogenic adaptations and hypertrophy. We hypothesized that the G256E mutation would alter myosin biomechanical function, leading to changes in cellular functions. We developed a collaborative pipeline to characterize myosin function across protein, myofibril, cell, and tissue levels to determine the multiscale effects on structure-function of the contractile apparatus and its implications for gene regulation and metabolic state. The G256E mutation disrupts the transducer region of the S1 head and reduces the fraction of myosin in the folded-back state by 33%, resulting in more myosin heads available for contraction. Myofibrils from gene-edited MYH7WT/G256E human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) exhibited greater and faster tension development. This hypercontractile phenotype persisted in single-cell hiPSC-CMs and engineered heart tissues. We demonstrated consistent hypercontractile myosin function as a primary consequence of the MYH7 G256E mutation across scales, highlighting the pathogenicity of this gene variant. Single-cell transcriptomic and metabolic profiling demonstrated upregulated mitochondrial genes and increased mitochondrial respiration, indicating early bioenergetic alterations. This work highlights the benefit of our multiscale platform to systematically evaluate the pathogenicity of gene variants at the protein and contractile organelle level and their early consequences on cellular and tissue function. We believe this platform can help elucidate the genotype-phenotype relationships underlying other genetic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soah Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University School of Pharmacy, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419 South Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University School of Pharmacy, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Alison S Vander Roest
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Cheavar A Blair
- Biological Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Kerry Kao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Samantha B Bremner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Matthew C Childers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Divya Pathak
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Paul Heinrich
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Daniel Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Orlando Chirikian
- Biological Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Saffie E Mohran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | | | - James W Jahng
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - David T Paik
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | - Kathleen M Ruppel
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - David L Mack
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Beth L Pruitt
- Biological Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - James A Spudich
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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8
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Solaro RJ, Goldspink PH, Wolska BM. Emerging Concepts of Mechanisms Controlling Cardiac Tension: Focus on Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) and Sarcomere-Directed Therapies. Biomedicines 2024; 12:999. [PMID: 38790961 PMCID: PMC11117855 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel therapies for the treatment of familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are lacking. Shaping research directions to clinical needs is critical. Triggers for the progression of the disorder commonly occur due to specific gene variants that affect the production of sarcomeric/cytoskeletal proteins. Generally, these variants cause a decrease in tension by the myofilaments, resulting in signaling abnormalities within the micro-environment, which over time result in structural and functional maladaptations, leading to heart failure (HF). Current concepts support the hypothesis that the mutant sarcomere proteins induce a causal depression in the tension-time integral (TTI) of linear preparations of cardiac muscle. However, molecular mechanisms underlying tension generation particularly concerning mutant proteins and their impact on sarcomere molecular signaling are currently controversial. Thus, there is a need for clarification as to how mutant proteins affect sarcomere molecular signaling in the etiology and progression of DCM. A main topic in this controversy is the control of the number of tension-generating myosin heads reacting with the thin filament. One line of investigation proposes that this number is determined by changes in the ratio of myosin heads in a sequestered super-relaxed state (SRX) or in a disordered relaxed state (DRX) poised for force generation upon the Ca2+ activation of the thin filament. Contrasting evidence from nanometer-micrometer-scale X-ray diffraction in intact trabeculae indicates that the SRX/DRX states may have a lesser role. Instead, the proposal is that myosin heads are in a basal OFF state in relaxation then transfer to an ON state through a mechano-sensing mechanism induced during early thin filament activation and increasing thick filament strain. Recent evidence about the modulation of these mechanisms by protein phosphorylation has also introduced a need for reconsidering the control of tension. We discuss these mechanisms that lead to different ideas related to how tension is disturbed by levels of mutant sarcomere proteins linked to the expression of gene variants in the complex landscape of DCM. Resolving the various mechanisms and incorporating them into a unified concept is crucial for gaining a comprehensive understanding of DCM. This deeper understanding is not only important for diagnosis and treatment strategies with small molecules, but also for understanding the reciprocal signaling processes that occur between cardiac myocytes and their micro-environment. By unraveling these complexities, we can pave the way for improved therapeutic interventions for managing DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. John Solaro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.H.G.); (B.M.W.)
| | - Paul H. Goldspink
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.H.G.); (B.M.W.)
| | - Beata M. Wolska
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.H.G.); (B.M.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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9
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Federspiel JM, Reil JC, Xu A, Scholtz S, Batzner A, Maack C, Sequeira V. Retrofitting the Heart: Explaining the Enigmatic Septal Thickening in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail 2024; 17:e011435. [PMID: 38695186 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.123.011435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common genetic cardiac disease and is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy. Although this hypertrophy often associates with sarcomeric gene mutations, nongenetic factors also contribute to the disease, leading to diastolic dysfunction. Notably, this dysfunction manifests before hypertrophy and is linked to hypercontractility, as well as nonuniform contraction and relaxation (myofibril asynchrony) of the myocardium. Although the distribution of hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can vary both between and within individuals, in most cases, it is primarily confined to the interventricular septum. The reasons for septal thickening remain largely unknown. In this article, we propose that alterations in muscle fiber geometry, present from birth, dictate the septal shape. When combined with hypercontractility and exacerbated by left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, these factors predispose the septum to an isometric type of contraction during systole, consequently constraining its mobility. This contraction, or more accurately, this focal increase in biomechanical stress, prompts the septum to adapt and undergo remodeling. Drawing a parallel, this is reminiscent of how earthquake-resistant buildings are retrofitted with vibration dampers to absorb the majority of the shock motion and load. Similarly, the heart adapts by synthesizing viscoelastic elements such as microtubules, titin, desmin, collagen, and intercalated disc components. This pronounced remodeling in the cytoskeletal structure leads to noticeable septal hypertrophy. This structural adaptation acts as a protective measure against damage by attenuating myofibril shortening while reducing cavity tension according to Laplace Law. By examining these events, we provide a coherent explanation for the septum's predisposition toward hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Federspiel
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Translational Science University Clinic Würzburg, Germany (J.M.F., A.X., A.B., C.M., V.S.)
- Saarland University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Legal Medicine, Homburg (Saar), Germany (J.M.F.)
| | - Jan-Christian Reil
- Klinik für allgemeine und interventionelle Kardiologie, Herz- und Diabetes-Zentrum Nordrhein-Westphalen, Germany (J.-C.R., S.S.)
| | - Anton Xu
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Translational Science University Clinic Würzburg, Germany (J.M.F., A.X., A.B., C.M., V.S.)
| | - Smita Scholtz
- Klinik für allgemeine und interventionelle Kardiologie, Herz- und Diabetes-Zentrum Nordrhein-Westphalen, Germany (J.-C.R., S.S.)
| | - Angelika Batzner
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Translational Science University Clinic Würzburg, Germany (J.M.F., A.X., A.B., C.M., V.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany (A.B.)
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Translational Science University Clinic Würzburg, Germany (J.M.F., A.X., A.B., C.M., V.S.)
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Department of Translational Science University Clinic Würzburg, Germany (J.M.F., A.X., A.B., C.M., V.S.)
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10
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Sharifi H, Mehri M, Mann CK, Campbell KS, Lee LC, Wenk JF. Multiscale Finite Element Modeling of Left Ventricular Growth in Simulations of Valve Disease. Ann Biomed Eng 2024:10.1007/s10439-024-03497-x. [PMID: 38564074 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Multiscale models of the cardiovascular system are emerging as effective tools for investigating the mechanisms that drive ventricular growth and remodeling. These models can predict how molecular-level mechanisms impact organ-level structure and function and could provide new insights that help improve patient care. MyoFE is a multiscale computer framework that bridges molecular and organ-level mechanisms in a finite element model of the left ventricle that is coupled with the systemic circulation. In this study, we extend MyoFE to include a growth algorithm, based on volumetric growth theory, to simulate concentric growth (wall thickening/thinning) and eccentric growth (chamber dilation/constriction) in response to valvular diseases. Specifically in our model, concentric growth is controlled by time-averaged total stress along the fiber direction over a cardiac cycle while eccentric growth responds to time-averaged intracellular myofiber passive stress over a cardiac cycle. The new framework correctly predicted different forms of growth in response to two types of valvular diseases, namely aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation. Furthermore, the model predicted that LV size and function are nearly restored (reversal of growth) when the disease-mimicking perturbation was removed in the simulations for each valvular disorder. In conclusion, the simulations suggest that time-averaged total stress along the fiber direction and time-averaged intracellular myofiber passive stress can be used to drive concentric and eccentric growth in simulations of valve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sharifi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Kentucky, 269 Ralph G. Anderson Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0503, USA
| | - Mohammad Mehri
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Kentucky, 269 Ralph G. Anderson Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0503, USA
| | - Charles K Mann
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Kentucky, 269 Ralph G. Anderson Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0503, USA
| | - Kenneth S Campbell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lik Chuan Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan F Wenk
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Kentucky, 269 Ralph G. Anderson Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0503, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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11
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Burnham HV, Cizauskas HE, Barefield DY. Fine tuning contractility: atrial sarcomere function in health and disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H568-H583. [PMID: 38156887 PMCID: PMC11221815 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00252.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of sarcomere proteins underlie the contractile function of the heart. Although our understanding of the sarcomere has grown tremendously, the focus has been on ventricular sarcomere isoforms due to the critical role of the ventricle in health and disease. However, atrial-specific or -enriched myofilament protein isoforms, as well as isoforms that become expressed in disease, provide insight into ways this complex molecular machine is fine-tuned. Here, we explore how atrial-enriched sarcomere protein composition modulates contractile function to fulfill the physiological requirements of atrial function. We review how atrial dysfunction negatively affects the ventricle and the many cardiovascular diseases that have atrial dysfunction as a comorbidity. We also cover the pathophysiology of mutations in atrial-enriched contractile proteins and how they can cause primary atrial myopathies. Finally, we explore what is known about contractile function in various forms of atrial fibrillation. The differences in atrial function in health and disease underscore the importance of better studying atrial contractility, especially as therapeutics currently in development to modulate cardiac contractility may have different effects on atrial sarcomere function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope V Burnham
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States
| | - Hannah E Cizauskas
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States
| | - David Y Barefield
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States
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12
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Cao S, Buchholz KS, Tan P, Stowe JC, Wang A, Fowler A, Knaus KR, Khalilimeybodi A, Zambon AC, Omens JH, Saucerman JJ, McCulloch AD. Differential sensitivity to longitudinal and transverse stretch mediates transcriptional responses in mouse neonatal ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H370-H384. [PMID: 38063811 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00562.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
To identify how cardiomyocyte mechanosensitive signaling pathways are regulated by anisotropic stretch, micropatterned mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes were stretched primarily longitudinally or transversely to the myofiber axis. Four hours of static, longitudinal stretch induced differential expression of 557 genes, compared with 30 induced by transverse stretch, measured using RNA-seq. A logic-based ordinary differential equation model of the cardiac myocyte mechanosignaling network, extended to include the transcriptional regulation and expression of 784 genes, correctly predicted measured expression changes due to anisotropic stretch with 69% accuracy. The model also predicted published transcriptional responses to mechanical load in vitro or in vivo with 63-91% accuracy. The observed differences between transverse and longitudinal stretch responses were not explained by differential activation of specific pathways but rather by an approximately twofold greater sensitivity to longitudinal stretch than transverse stretch. In vitro experiments confirmed model predictions that stretch-induced gene expression is more sensitive to angiotensin II and endothelin-1, via RhoA and MAP kinases, than to the three membrane ion channels upstream of calcium signaling in the network. Quantitative cardiomyocyte gene expression differs substantially with the axis of maximum principal stretch relative to the myofilament axis, but this difference is due primarily to differences in stretch sensitivity rather than to selective activation of mechanosignaling pathways.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Anisotropic stretch applied to micropatterned neonatal mouse ventricular myocytes induced markedly greater acute transcriptional responses when the major axis of stretch was parallel to the myofilament axis than when it was transverse. Analysis with a novel quantitative network model of mechanoregulated cardiomyocyte gene expression suggests that this difference is explained by higher cell sensitivity to longitudinal loading than transverse loading than by the activation of differential signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Cao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Kyle S Buchholz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Philip Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Jennifer C Stowe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Ariel Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Annabelle Fowler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Katherine R Knaus
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Ali Khalilimeybodi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Alexander C Zambon
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, California, United States
| | - Jeffrey H Omens
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Andrew D McCulloch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
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13
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Xu W, Billon C, Li H, Wilderman A, Qi L, Graves A, Rideb JRDC, Zhao Y, Hayes M, Yu K, Losby M, Hampton CS, Adeyemi CM, Hong SJ, Nasiotis E, Fu C, Oh TG, Fan W, Downes M, Welch RD, Evans RM, Milosavljevic A, Walker JK, Jensen BC, Pei L, Burris T, Zhang L. Novel Pan-ERR Agonists Ameliorate Heart Failure Through Enhancing Cardiac Fatty Acid Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function. Circulation 2024; 149:227-250. [PMID: 37961903 PMCID: PMC10842599 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.066542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac metabolic dysfunction is a hallmark of heart failure (HF). Estrogen-related receptors ERRα and ERRγ are essential regulators of cardiac metabolism. Therefore, activation of ERR could be a potential therapeutic intervention for HF. However, in vivo studies demonstrating the potential usefulness of ERR agonist for HF treatment are lacking, because compounds with pharmacokinetics appropriate for in vivo use have not been available. METHODS Using a structure-based design approach, we designed and synthesized 2 structurally distinct pan-ERR agonists, SLU-PP-332 and SLU-PP-915. We investigated the effect of ERR agonist on cardiac function in a pressure overload-induced HF model in vivo. We conducted comprehensive functional, multi-omics (RNA sequencing and metabolomics studies), and genetic dependency studies both in vivo and in vitro to dissect the molecular mechanism, ERR isoform dependency, and target specificity. RESULTS Both SLU-PP-332 and SLU-PP-915 significantly improved ejection fraction, ameliorated fibrosis, and increased survival associated with pressure overload-induced HF without affecting cardiac hypertrophy. A broad spectrum of metabolic genes was transcriptionally activated by ERR agonists, particularly genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial function. Metabolomics analysis showed substantial normalization of metabolic profiles in fatty acid/lipid and tricarboxylic acid/oxidative phosphorylation metabolites in the mouse heart with 6-week pressure overload. ERR agonists increase mitochondria oxidative capacity and fatty acid use in vitro and in vivo. Using both in vitro and in vivo genetic dependency experiments, we show that ERRγ is the main mediator of ERR agonism-induced transcriptional regulation and cardioprotection and definitively demonstrated target specificity. ERR agonism also led to downregulation of cell cycle and development pathways, which was partially mediated by E2F1 in cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS ERR agonists maintain oxidative metabolism, which confers cardiac protection against pressure overload-induced HF in vivo. Our results provide direct pharmacologic evidence supporting the further development of ERR agonists as novel HF therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Xu
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (W.X., H.L., A.W., L.Q., A.G., J.R.D.C.R., Y.Z., K.Y., M.L., E.N., A.M., L.Z.)
| | - Cyrielle Billon
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St Louis, MO (C.B., M.H., T.B.)
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St Louis College of Pharmacy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.B., M.H., T.B.)
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (W.X., H.L., A.W., L.Q., A.G., J.R.D.C.R., Y.Z., K.Y., M.L., E.N., A.M., L.Z.)
| | - Andrea Wilderman
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (W.X., H.L., A.W., L.Q., A.G., J.R.D.C.R., Y.Z., K.Y., M.L., E.N., A.M., L.Z.)
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (W.X., H.L., A.W., L.Q., A.G., J.R.D.C.R., Y.Z., K.Y., M.L., E.N., A.M., L.Z.)
| | - Andrea Graves
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (W.X., H.L., A.W., L.Q., A.G., J.R.D.C.R., Y.Z., K.Y., M.L., E.N., A.M., L.Z.)
| | - Jernie Rae Dela Cruz Rideb
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (W.X., H.L., A.W., L.Q., A.G., J.R.D.C.R., Y.Z., K.Y., M.L., E.N., A.M., L.Z.)
| | - Yuanbiao Zhao
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (W.X., H.L., A.W., L.Q., A.G., J.R.D.C.R., Y.Z., K.Y., M.L., E.N., A.M., L.Z.)
| | - Matthew Hayes
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St Louis, MO (C.B., M.H., T.B.)
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St Louis College of Pharmacy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.B., M.H., T.B.)
| | - Keyang Yu
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (W.X., H.L., A.W., L.Q., A.G., J.R.D.C.R., Y.Z., K.Y., M.L., E.N., A.M., L.Z.)
| | - McKenna Losby
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (W.X., H.L., A.W., L.Q., A.G., J.R.D.C.R., Y.Z., K.Y., M.L., E.N., A.M., L.Z.)
| | - Carissa S Hampton
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, St Louis University School of Medicine, MO (C.S.H., C.M.A., J.K.W.)
| | - Christiana M Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, St Louis University School of Medicine, MO (C.S.H., C.M.A., J.K.W.)
| | - Seok Jae Hong
- McAllister Heart Institute (S.J.H., B.C.J.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Eleni Nasiotis
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (W.X., H.L., A.W., L.Q., A.G., J.R.D.C.R., Y.Z., K.Y., M.L., E.N., A.M., L.Z.)
| | - Chen Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA (C.F.)
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, OH (C.F.)
| | - Tae Gyu Oh
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA (T.G.O., W.F., M.D., R.M.E.)
| | - Weiwei Fan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA (T.G.O., W.F., M.D., R.M.E.)
| | - Michael Downes
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA (T.G.O., W.F., M.D., R.M.E.)
| | - Ryan D Welch
- Biology and Chemistry Department, Blackburn College, Carlinville, IL (R.D.W.)
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA (T.G.O., W.F., M.D., R.M.E.)
| | - Aleksandar Milosavljevic
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (W.X., H.L., A.W., L.Q., A.G., J.R.D.C.R., Y.Z., K.Y., M.L., E.N., A.M., L.Z.)
| | - John K Walker
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, St Louis University School of Medicine, MO (C.S.H., C.M.A., J.K.W.)
| | - Brian C Jensen
- McAllister Heart Institute (S.J.H., B.C.J.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (B.C.J.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Liming Pei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (L.P.)
| | - Thomas Burris
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St Louis, MO (C.B., M.H., T.B.)
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St Louis College of Pharmacy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (C.B., M.H., T.B.)
| | - Lilei Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (W.X., H.L., A.W., L.Q., A.G., J.R.D.C.R., Y.Z., K.Y., M.L., E.N., A.M., L.Z.)
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14
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Grimes KM, Maillet M, Swoboda CO, Bowers SLK, Millay DP, Molkentin JD. MEK1-ERK1/2 signaling regulates the cardiomyocyte non-sarcomeric actin cytoskeletal network. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H180-H189. [PMID: 37999644 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00612.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
During select pathological conditions, the heart can hypertrophy and remodel in either a dilated or concentric ventricular geometry, which is associated with lengthening or widening of cardiomyocytes, respectively. The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) and extracellular signal-related kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathway has been implicated in these differential types of growth such that cardiac overexpression of activated MEK1 causes profound concentric hypertrophy and cardiomyocyte thickening, while genetic ablation of the genes encoding ERK1/2 in the mouse heart causes dilation and cardiomyocyte lengthening. However, the mechanisms by which this kinase signaling pathway controls cardiomyocyte directional growth as well as its downstream effectors are poorly understood. To investigate this, we conducted an unbiased phosphoproteomic screen in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes treated with an activated MEK1 adenovirus, the MEK1 inhibitor U0126, or an eGFP adenovirus control. Bioinformatic analysis identified cytoskeletal-related proteins as the largest subset of differentially phosphorylated proteins. Phos-tag and traditional Western blotting were performed to confirm that many cytoskeletal proteins displayed changes in phosphorylation with manipulations in MEK1-ERK1/2 signaling. From this, we hypothesized that the actin cytoskeleton would be changed in vivo in the mouse heart. Indeed, we found that activated MEK1 transgenic mice and gene-deleted mice lacking ERK1/2 protein had enhanced non-sarcomeric actin expression in cardiomyocytes compared with wild-type control hearts. Consistent with these results, cytoplasmic β- and γ-actin were increased at the subcortical intracellular regions of adult cardiomyocytes. Together, these data suggest that MEK1-ERK1/2 signaling influences the non-sarcomeric cytoskeletal actin network, which may be important for facilitating the growth of cardiomyocytes in length and/or width.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we performed an unbiased analysis of the total phosphoproteome downstream of MEK1-ERK1/2 kinase signaling in cardiomyocytes. Pathway analysis suggested that proteins of the non-sarcomeric cytoskeleton were the most differentially affected. We showed that cytoplasmic β-actin and γ-actin isoforms, regulated by MEK1-ERK1/2, are localized to the subcortical space at both lateral membranes and intercalated discs of adult cardiomyocytes suggesting how MEK1-ERK1/2 signaling might underlie directional growth of adult cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Grimes
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Marjorie Maillet
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Casey O Swoboda
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Stephanie L K Bowers
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Doug P Millay
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
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15
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Flint G, Kooiker K, Moussavi-Harami F. Echocardiography to Assess Cardiac Structure and Function in Genetic Cardiomyopathies. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2735:1-15. [PMID: 38038840 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3527-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Rodents are the most common experimental models used in cardiovascular research including studies of genetic cardiomyopathies. Genetic cardiomyopathies are characterized by changes in cardiac structure and function. Echocardiography allows for relatively inexpensive, non-invasive, reliable, and reproducible assessment of these changes. However, the fast heart and small size present unique challenges for investigators. To ensure accuracy and reproducibility of these measurements, investigators need to be familiar with standard practices in the field, normal values, and potential pitfalls. The goal of this chapter is to describe steps needed for reliable acquisition and analysis of echocardiography in rodent models. Additionally, we discuss some common pitfalls and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Flint
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Translational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristina Kooiker
- Center for Translational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Farid Moussavi-Harami
- Center for Translational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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16
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Henkens MTHM, Raafs AG, Vanloon T, Vos JL, Vandenwijngaard A, Brunner HG, Krapels IPC, Knackstedt C, Gerretsen S, Hazebroek MR, Vernooy K, Nijveldt R, Lumens J, Verdonschot JAJ. Left Atrial Function in Patients with Titin Cardiomyopathy. J Card Fail 2024; 30:51-60. [PMID: 37230314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Truncating variants in titin (TTNtv) are the most prevalent genetic etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Although TTNtv has been associated with atrial fibrillation, it remains unknown whether and how left atrial (LA) function differs between patients with DCM with and without TTNtv. We aimed to determine and compare LA function in patients with DCM with and without TTNtv and to evaluate whether and how left ventricular (LV) function affects the LA using computational modeling. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with DCM from the Maastricht DCM registry that underwent genetic testing and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) were included in the current study. Subsequent computational modeling (CircAdapt model) was performed to identify potential LV and LA myocardial hemodynamic substrates. In total, 377 patients with DCM (n = 42 with TTNtv, n = 335 without a genetic variant) were included (median age 55 years, interquartile range [IQR] 46-62 years, 62% men). Patients with TTNtv had a larger LA volume and decreased LA strain compared with patients without a genetic variant (LA volume index 60 mLm-2 [IQR 49-83] vs 51 mLm-2 [IQR 42-64]; LA reservoir strain 24% [IQR 10-29] vs 28% [IQR 20-34]; LA booster strain 9% [IQR 4-14] vs 14% [IQR 10-17], respectively; all P < .01). Computational modeling suggests that while the observed LV dysfunction partially explains the observed LA dysfunction in the patients with TTNtv, both intrinsic LV and LA dysfunction are present in patients with and without a TTNtv. CONCLUSIONS Patients with DCM with TTNtv have more severe LA dysfunction compared with patients without a genetic variant. Insights from computational modeling suggest that both intrinsic LV and LA dysfunction are present in patients with DCM with and without TTNtv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel T H M Henkens
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Centre for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Netherlands Heart Institute (NLHI), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne G Raafs
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Centre for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Vanloon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline L Vos
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur Vandenwijngaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; GROW Institute for Developmental Biology and Cancer, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid P C Krapels
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Knackstedt
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Centre for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Gerretsen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cardiovascular research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark R Hazebroek
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kevin Vernooy
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Centre for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Robin Nijveldt
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Lumens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Job A J Verdonschot
- Centre for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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17
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Seo K, Yamamoto Y, Kirillova A, Kawana M, Yadav S, Huang Y, Wang Q, Lane KV, Pruitt BL, Perez MV, Bernstein D, Wu JC, Wheeler MT, Parikh VN, Ashley EA. Improved Cardiac Performance and Decreased Arrhythmia in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Non-β-Blocking R-Enantiomer Carvedilol. Circulation 2023; 148:1691-1704. [PMID: 37850394 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercontractility and arrhythmia are key pathophysiologic features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common inherited heart disease. β-Adrenergic receptor antagonists (β-blockers) are the first-line therapy for HCM. However, β-blockers commonly selected for this disease are often poorly tolerated in patients, where heart-rate reduction and noncardiac effects can lead to reduced cardiac output and fatigue. Mavacamten, myosin ATPase inhibitor recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, has demonstrated the ability to ameliorate hypercontractility without lowering heart rate, but its benefits are so far limited to patients with left ventricular (LV) outflow tract obstruction, and its effect on arrhythmia is unknown. METHODS We screened 21 β-blockers for their impact on myocyte contractility and evaluated the antiarrhythmic properties of the most promising drug in a ventricular myocyte arrhythmia model. We then examined its in vivo effect on LV function by hemodynamic pressure-volume loop analysis. The efficacy of the drug was tested in vitro and in vivo compared with current therapeutic options (metoprolol, verapamil, and mavacamten) for HCM in an established mouse model of HCM (Myh6R403Q/+ and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes from patients with HCM (MYH7R403Q/+). RESULTS We identified that carvedilol, a β-blocker not commonly used in HCM, suppresses contractile function and arrhythmia by inhibiting RyR2 (ryanodine receptor type 2). Unlike metoprolol (a β1-blocker), carvedilol markedly reduced LV contractility through RyR2 inhibition, while maintaining stroke volume through α1-adrenergic receptor inhibition in vivo. Clinically available carvedilol is a racemic mixture, and the R-enantiomer, devoid of β-blocking effect, retains the ability to inhibit both α1-receptor and RyR2, thereby suppressing contractile function and arrhythmias without lowering heart rate and cardiac output. In Myh6R403Q/+ mice, R-carvedilol normalized hyperdynamic contraction, suppressed arrhythmia, and increased cardiac output better than metoprolol, verapamil, and mavacamten. The ability of R-carvedilol to suppress contractile function was well retained in MYH7R403Q/+ iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS R-enantiomer carvedilol attenuates hyperdynamic contraction, suppresses arrhythmia, and at the same time, improves cardiac output without lowering heart rate by dual blockade of α1-adrenergic receptor and RyR2 in mouse and human models of HCM. This combination of therapeutic effects is unique among current therapeutic options for HCM and may particularly benefit patients without LV outflow tract obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinya Seo
- From the Departments of Medicine (K.S., Y.Y., A.K., M.K., S.Y., Y.H., Q.W., M.V.P., M.T.W., V.N.P., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- From the Departments of Medicine (K.S., Y.Y., A.K., M.K., S.Y., Y.H., Q.W., M.V.P., M.T.W., V.N.P., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Anna Kirillova
- From the Departments of Medicine (K.S., Y.Y., A.K., M.K., S.Y., Y.H., Q.W., M.V.P., M.T.W., V.N.P., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Masataka Kawana
- From the Departments of Medicine (K.S., Y.Y., A.K., M.K., S.Y., Y.H., Q.W., M.V.P., M.T.W., V.N.P., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Sunil Yadav
- From the Departments of Medicine (K.S., Y.Y., A.K., M.K., S.Y., Y.H., Q.W., M.V.P., M.T.W., V.N.P., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Yong Huang
- From the Departments of Medicine (K.S., Y.Y., A.K., M.K., S.Y., Y.H., Q.W., M.V.P., M.T.W., V.N.P., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Qianru Wang
- From the Departments of Medicine (K.S., Y.Y., A.K., M.K., S.Y., Y.H., Q.W., M.V.P., M.T.W., V.N.P., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Kerry V Lane
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering (K.V.L., B.L.P.), University of California, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Beth L Pruitt
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering (K.V.L., B.L.P.), University of California, Santa Barbara, CA
- BioMolecular Science and Engineering (B.L.P.), University of California, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Marco V Perez
- From the Departments of Medicine (K.S., Y.Y., A.K., M.K., S.Y., Y.H., Q.W., M.V.P., M.T.W., V.N.P., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | | | - Joseph C Wu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Matthew T Wheeler
- From the Departments of Medicine (K.S., Y.Y., A.K., M.K., S.Y., Y.H., Q.W., M.V.P., M.T.W., V.N.P., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Victoria N Parikh
- From the Departments of Medicine (K.S., Y.Y., A.K., M.K., S.Y., Y.H., Q.W., M.V.P., M.T.W., V.N.P., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Euan A Ashley
- From the Departments of Medicine (K.S., Y.Y., A.K., M.K., S.Y., Y.H., Q.W., M.V.P., M.T.W., V.N.P., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Genetics (E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
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18
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Yang W, Zhu Y, Tang F, Jian Z, Xiao Y. Cardiac proteomic profiling suggests that hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy share a common pathogenetic pathway of the calcium signalling pathway. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e14051. [PMID: 37381592 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are classified as different diseases but have many similar pathogenic genes and clinical symptoms. Previous research has focused on mutated genes. This study was conducted to identify key molecular mechanisms and explore effective therapeutic targets. METHODS Myocardial tissue was harvested from patients with HCM (n = 3) or DCM (n = 4) during surgery. Hearts donated by healthy traffic accident victims were treated as controls (n = 4). Total proteins were extracted for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were annotated via GO and KEGG analyses. Selected distinguishing protein abundance was confirmed by western blotting. RESULTS Compared with the control group, there were 121 and 76 DEPs in the HCM and DCM groups, respectively. GO terms for these two comparisons are associated with contraction-related components and actin binding. Additionally, the most significantly upregulated and downregulated proteins were periostin and tropomyosin alpha-3 chain in both comparisons. Moreover, when comparing the HCM and DCM groups, we found 60 significant DEPs, and the GO and KEGG terms are related to the calcium signalling pathway. Expression of the calcium regulation-related protein peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (FKBP1A) was significantly upregulated in multiple samples. CONCLUSION HCM and DCM have many mutual pathogenetic pathways. Calcium ion-related processes are among the most significant factors affecting disease development. For HCM and DCM, research on regulating linchpin protein expression or interfering with key calcium-related pathways may be more beneficial than genetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Fuqin Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao Jian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingbin Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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19
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Eisner D, Neher E, Taschenberger H, Smith G. Physiology of intracellular calcium buffering. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2767-2845. [PMID: 37326298 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00042.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling underlies much of physiology. Almost all the Ca2+ in the cytoplasm is bound to buffers, with typically only ∼1% being freely ionized at resting levels in most cells. Physiological Ca2+ buffers include small molecules and proteins, and experimentally Ca2+ indicators will also buffer calcium. The chemistry of interactions between Ca2+ and buffers determines the extent and speed of Ca2+ binding. The physiological effects of Ca2+ buffers are determined by the kinetics with which they bind Ca2+ and their mobility within the cell. The degree of buffering depends on factors such as the affinity for Ca2+, the Ca2+ concentration, and whether Ca2+ ions bind cooperatively. Buffering affects both the amplitude and time course of cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals as well as changes of Ca2+ concentration in organelles. It can also facilitate Ca2+ diffusion inside the cell. Ca2+ buffering affects synaptic transmission, muscle contraction, Ca2+ transport across epithelia, and the killing of bacteria. Saturation of buffers leads to synaptic facilitation and tetanic contraction in skeletal muscle and may play a role in inotropy in the heart. This review focuses on the link between buffer chemistry and function and how Ca2+ buffering affects normal physiology and the consequences of changes in disease. As well as summarizing what is known, we point out the many areas where further work is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eisner
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Erwin Neher
- Membrane Biophysics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Taschenberger
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Godfrey Smith
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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20
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Saini K, Cho S, Tewari M, Jalil AR, Wang M, Kasznel AJ, Yamamoto K, Chenoweth DM, Discher DE. Pan-tissue scaling of stiffness versus fibrillar collagen reflects contractility-driven strain that inhibits fibril degradation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.27.559759. [PMID: 37808742 PMCID: PMC10557712 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.27.559759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer network properties such as stiffness often exhibit characteristic power laws in polymer density and other parameters. However, it remains unclear whether diverse animal tissues, composed of many distinct polymers, exhibit such scaling. Here, we examined many diverse tissues from adult mouse and embryonic chick to determine if stiffness ( E tissue ) follows a power law in relation to the most abundant animal protein, Collagen-I, even with molecular perturbations. We quantified fibrillar collagen in intact tissue by second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging and from tissue extracts by mass spectrometry (MS), and collagenase-mediated decreases were also tracked. Pan-tissue power laws for tissue stiffness versus Collagen-I levels measured by SHG or MS exhibit sub-linear scaling that aligns with results from cellularized gels of Collagen-I but not acellular gels. Inhibition of cellular myosin-II based contraction fits the scaling, and combination with inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) show collagenase activity is strain - not stress- suppressed in tissues, consistent with past studies of gels and fibrils. Beating embryonic hearts and tendons, which differ in both collagen levels and stiffness by >1000-fold, similarly suppressed collagenases at physiological strains of ∼5%, with fiber-orientation regulating degradation. Scaling of E tissue based on 'use-it-or-lose-it' kinetics provides insight into scaling of organ size, microgravity effects, and regeneration processes while suggesting contractility-driven therapeutics.
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21
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Kooiker KB, Mohran S, Turner KL, Ma W, Martinson A, Flint G, Qi L, Gao C, Zheng Y, McMillen TS, Mandrycky C, Mahoney-Schaefer M, Freeman JC, Costales Arenas EG, Tu AY, Irving TC, Geeves MA, Tanner BC, Regnier M, Davis J, Moussavi-Harami F. Danicamtiv Increases Myosin Recruitment and Alters Cross-Bridge Cycling in Cardiac Muscle. Circ Res 2023; 133:430-443. [PMID: 37470183 PMCID: PMC10434831 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modulating myosin function is a novel therapeutic approach in patients with cardiomyopathy. Danicamtiv is a novel myosin activator with promising preclinical data that is currently in clinical trials. While it is known that danicamtiv increases force and cardiomyocyte contractility without affecting calcium levels, detailed mechanistic studies regarding its mode of action are lacking. METHODS Permeabilized porcine cardiac tissue and myofibrils were used for X-ray diffraction and mechanical measurements. A mouse model of genetic dilated cardiomyopathy was used to evaluate the ability of danicamtiv to correct the contractile deficit. RESULTS Danicamtiv increased force and calcium sensitivity via increasing the number of myosins in the ON state and slowing cross-bridge turnover. Our detailed analysis showed that inhibition of ADP release results in decreased cross-bridge turnover with cross bridges staying attached longer and prolonging myofibril relaxation. Danicamtiv corrected decreased calcium sensitivity in demembranated tissue, abnormal twitch magnitude and kinetics in intact cardiac tissue, and reduced ejection fraction in the whole organ. CONCLUSIONS As demonstrated by the detailed studies of Danicamtiv, increasing myosin recruitment and altering cross-bridge cycling are 2 mechanisms to increase force and calcium sensitivity in cardiac muscle. Myosin activators such as Danicamtiv can treat the causative hypocontractile phenotype in genetic dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina B. Kooiker
- Division of Cardiology, Medicine (K.B.K., M.M.-S., J.C.F., E.G.C.A., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (K.B.K., A.M., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
| | - Saffie Mohran
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Kyrah L. Turner
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University (K.L.T.)
| | - Weikang Ma
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago (W.M., L.Q., T.C.I.)
| | - Amy Martinson
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (K.B.K., A.M., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Galina Flint
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago (W.M., L.Q., T.C.I.)
| | - Chengqian Gao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China (C.G., Y.Z.)
| | - Yahan Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China (C.G., Y.Z.)
| | - Timothy S. McMillen
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (T.S.M.), University of Washington
| | - Christian Mandrycky
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Max Mahoney-Schaefer
- Division of Cardiology, Medicine (K.B.K., M.M.-S., J.C.F., E.G.C.A., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
| | - Jeremy C. Freeman
- Division of Cardiology, Medicine (K.B.K., M.M.-S., J.C.F., E.G.C.A., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
| | | | - An-Yu Tu
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Thomas C. Irving
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago (W.M., L.Q., T.C.I.)
| | - Michael A. Geeves
- School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom (M.A.G.)
| | - Bertrand C.W. Tanner
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University (B.C.W.T.)
| | - Michael Regnier
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (K.B.K., A.M., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (K.B.K., A.M., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Farid Moussavi-Harami
- Division of Cardiology, Medicine (K.B.K., M.M.-S., J.C.F., E.G.C.A., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (K.B.K., A.M., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
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22
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Tikunova SB, Thuma J, Davis JP. Mouse Models of Cardiomyopathies Caused by Mutations in Troponin C. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12349. [PMID: 37569724 PMCID: PMC10419064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac muscle contraction is regulated via Ca2+ exchange with the hetero-trimeric troponin complex located on the thin filament. Binding of Ca2+ to cardiac troponin C, a Ca2+ sensing subunit within the troponin complex, results in a series of conformational re-arrangements among the thin filament components, leading to an increase in the formation of actomyosin cross-bridges and muscle contraction. Ultimately, a decline in intracellular Ca2+ leads to the dissociation of Ca2+ from troponin C, inhibiting cross-bridge cycling and initiating muscle relaxation. Therefore, troponin C plays a crucial role in the regulation of cardiac muscle contraction and relaxation. Naturally occurring and engineered mutations in troponin C can lead to altered interactions among components of the thin filament and to aberrant Ca2+ binding and exchange with the thin filament. Mutations in troponin C have been associated with various forms of cardiac disease, including hypertrophic, restrictive, dilated, and left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathies. Despite progress made to date, more information from human studies, biophysical characterizations, and animal models is required for a clearer understanding of disease drivers that lead to cardiomyopathies. The unique use of engineered cardiac troponin C with the L48Q mutation that had been thoroughly characterized and genetically introduced into mouse myocardium clearly demonstrates that Ca2+ sensitization in and of itself should not necessarily be considered a disease driver. This opens the door for small molecule and protein engineering strategies to help boost impaired systolic function. On the other hand, the engineered troponin C mutants (I61Q and D73N), genetically introduced into mouse myocardium, demonstrate that Ca2+ desensitization under basal conditions may be a driving factor for dilated cardiomyopathy. In addition to enhancing our knowledge of molecular mechanisms that trigger hypertrophy, dilation, morbidity, and mortality, these cardiomyopathy mouse models could be used to test novel treatment strategies for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we will discuss (1) the various ways mutations in cardiac troponin C might lead to disease; (2) relevant data on mutations in cardiac troponin C linked to human disease, and (3) all currently existing mouse models containing cardiac troponin C mutations (disease-associated and engineered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana B. Tikunova
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA (J.P.D.)
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23
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Doh CY, Kampourakis T, Campbell KS, Stelzer JE. Basic science methods for the characterization of variants of uncertain significance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1238515. [PMID: 37600050 PMCID: PMC10432852 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1238515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of next-generation whole genome sequencing, many variants of uncertain significance (VUS) have been identified in individuals suffering from inheritable hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Unfortunately, this classification of a genetic variant results in ambiguity in interpretation, risk stratification, and clinical practice. Here, we aim to review some basic science methods to gain a more accurate characterization of VUS in HCM. Currently, many genomic data-based computational methods have been developed and validated against each other to provide a robust set of resources for researchers. With the continual improvement in computing speed and accuracy, in silico molecular dynamic simulations can also be applied in mutational studies and provide valuable mechanistic insights. In addition, high throughput in vitro screening can provide more biologically meaningful insights into the structural and functional effects of VUS. Lastly, multi-level mathematical modeling can predict how the mutations could cause clinically significant organ-level dysfunction. We discuss emerging technologies that will aid in better VUS characterization and offer a possible basic science workflow for exploring the pathogenicity of VUS in HCM. Although the focus of this mini review was on HCM, these basic science methods can be applied to research in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), or other genetic cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yoon Doh
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Thomas Kampourakis
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth S. Campbell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Julian E. Stelzer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Ramachandran A, Livingston CE, Vite A, Corbin EA, Bennett AI, Turner KT, Lee BW, Lam CK, Wu JC, Margulies KB. Biomechanical Impact of Pathogenic MYBPC3 Truncation Variant Revealed by Dynamically Tuning In Vitro Afterload. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:828-841. [PMID: 36877449 PMCID: PMC10480352 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineered cardiac microtissues were fabricated using pluripotent stem cells with a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated c. 2827 C>T; p.R943x truncation variant in myosin binding protein C (MYBPC3+/-). Microtissues were mounted on iron-incorporated cantilevers, allowing manipulations of cantilever stiffness using magnets, enabling examination of how in vitro afterload affects contractility. MYPBC3+/- microtissues developed augmented force, work, and power when cultured with increased in vitro afterload when compared with isogenic controls in which the MYBPC3 mutation had been corrected (MYPBC3+/+(ed)), but weaker contractility when cultured with lower in vitro afterload. After initial tissue maturation, MYPBC3+/- CMTs exhibited increased force, work, and power in response to both acute and sustained increases of in vitro afterload. Together, these studies demonstrate that extrinsic biomechanical challenges potentiate genetically-driven intrinsic increases in contractility that may contribute to clinical disease progression in patients with HCM due to hypercontractile MYBPC3 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinay Ramachandran
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, 11-101, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Carissa E Livingston
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, 11-101, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alexia Vite
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elise A Corbin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Alexander I Bennett
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kevin T Turner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin W Lee
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, 11-101, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Bazgir F, Nau J, Nakhaei-Rad S, Amin E, Wolf MJ, Saucerman JJ, Lorenz K, Ahmadian MR. The Microenvironment of the Pathogenesis of Cardiac Hypertrophy. Cells 2023; 12:1780. [PMID: 37443814 PMCID: PMC10341218 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a key risk factor for the development of heart failure and predisposes individuals to cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death. While physiological cardiac hypertrophy is adaptive, hypertrophy resulting from conditions comprising hypertension, aortic stenosis, or genetic mutations, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, is maladaptive. Here, we highlight the essential role and reciprocal interactions involving both cardiomyocytes and non-myocardial cells in response to pathological conditions. Prolonged cardiovascular stress causes cardiomyocytes and non-myocardial cells to enter an activated state releasing numerous pro-hypertrophic, pro-fibrotic, and pro-inflammatory mediators such as vasoactive hormones, growth factors, and cytokines, i.e., commencing signaling events that collectively cause cardiac hypertrophy. Fibrotic remodeling is mediated by cardiac fibroblasts as the central players, but also endothelial cells and resident and infiltrating immune cells enhance these processes. Many of these hypertrophic mediators are now being integrated into computational models that provide system-level insights and will help to translate our knowledge into new pharmacological targets. This perspective article summarizes the last decades' advances in cardiac hypertrophy research and discusses the herein-involved complex myocardial microenvironment and signaling components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Bazgir
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (J.N.)
| | - Julia Nau
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (J.N.)
| | - Saeideh Nakhaei-Rad
- Stem Cell Biology, and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran;
| | - Ehsan Amin
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Matthew J. Wolf
- Department of Medicine and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
| | - Jeffry J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences, 97078 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (J.N.)
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Robinson P, Sparrow AJ, Psaras Y, Steeples V, Simon JN, Broyles CN, Chang YF, Brook FA, Wang YJ, Blease A, Zhang X, Abassi YA, Geeves MA, Toepfer CN, Watkins H, Redwood C, Daniels MJ. Comparing the effects of chemical Ca 2+ dyes and R-GECO on contractility and Ca 2+ transients in adult and human iPSC cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 180:44-57. [PMID: 37127261 PMCID: PMC10659987 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We compared commonly used BAPTA-derived chemical Ca2+ dyes (fura2, Fluo-4, and Rhod-2) with a newer genetically encoded indicator (R-GECO) in single cell models of the heart. We assessed their performance and effects on cardiomyocyte contractility, determining fluorescent signal-to-noise ratios and sarcomere shortening in primary ventricular myocytes from adult mouse and guinea pig, and in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Chemical Ca2+ dyes displayed dose-dependent contractile impairment in all cell types, and we observed a negative correlation between contraction and fluorescence signal-to-noise ratio, particularly for fura2 and Fluo-4. R-GECO had no effect on sarcomere shortening. BAPTA-based dyes, but not R-GECO, inhibited in vitro acto-myosin ATPase activity. The presence of fura2 accentuated or diminished changes in contractility and Ca2+ handling caused by small molecule modulators of contractility and intracellular ionic homeostasis (mavacamten, levosimendan, and flecainide), but this was not observed when using R-GECO in adult guinea pig left ventricular cardiomyocytes. Ca2+ handling studies are necessary for cardiotoxicity assessments of small molecules intended for clinical use. Caution should be exercised when interpreting small molecule studies assessing contractile effects and Ca2+ transients derived from BAPTA-like chemical Ca2+ dyes in cellular assays, a common platform for cardiac toxicology testing and mechanistic investigation of cardiac disease physiology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Robinson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Alexander J Sparrow
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yiangos Psaras
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Violetta Steeples
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jillian N Simon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Connor N Broyles
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yu-Fen Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Frances A Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Blease
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Agilent Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Christopher N Toepfer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology, Oxford University NHS Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles Redwood
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew J Daniels
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology, Oxford University NHS Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Nakhaei-Rad S, Haghighi F, Bazgir F, Dahlmann J, Busley AV, Buchholzer M, Kleemann K, Schänzer A, Borchardt A, Hahn A, Kötter S, Schanze D, Anand R, Funk F, Kronenbitter AV, Scheller J, Piekorz RP, Reichert AS, Volleth M, Wolf MJ, Cirstea IC, Gelb BD, Tartaglia M, Schmitt JP, Krüger M, Kutschka I, Cyganek L, Zenker M, Kensah G, Ahmadian MR. Molecular and cellular evidence for the impact of a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-associated RAF1 variant on the structure and function of contractile machinery in bioartificial cardiac tissues. Commun Biol 2023; 6:657. [PMID: 37344639 PMCID: PMC10284840 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS), the most common among RASopathies, is caused by germline variants in genes encoding components of the RAS-MAPK pathway. Distinct variants, including the recurrent Ser257Leu substitution in RAF1, are associated with severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Here, we investigated the elusive mechanistic link between NS-associated RAF1S257L and HCM using three-dimensional cardiac bodies and bioartificial cardiac tissues generated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) harboring the pathogenic RAF1 c.770 C > T missense change. We characterize the molecular, structural, and functional consequences of aberrant RAF1-associated signaling on the cardiac models. Ultrastructural assessment of the sarcomere revealed a shortening of the I-bands along the Z disc area in both iPSC-derived RAF1S257L cardiomyocytes and myocardial tissue biopsies. The aforementioned changes correlated with the isoform shift of titin from a longer (N2BA) to a shorter isoform (N2B) that also affected the active force generation and contractile tensions. The genotype-phenotype correlation was confirmed using cardiomyocyte progeny of an isogenic gene-corrected RAF1S257L-iPSC line and was mainly reversed by MEK inhibition. Collectively, our findings uncovered a direct link between a RASopathy gene variant and the abnormal sarcomere structure resulting in a cardiac dysfunction that remarkably recapitulates the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Nakhaei-Rad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Haghighi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Clinic for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Farhad Bazgir
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Dahlmann
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Viktoria Busley
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Stem Cell Unit, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells", University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Buchholzer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karolin Kleemann
- Clinic for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne Schänzer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrea Borchardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Child Neurology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kötter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Denny Schanze
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ruchika Anand
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian Funk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annette Vera Kronenbitter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland P Piekorz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marianne Volleth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthew J Wolf
- Department of Medicine and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Ion Cristian Cirstea
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Joachim P Schmitt
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina Krüger
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingo Kutschka
- Clinic for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Cyganek
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Stem Cell Unit, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells", University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - George Kensah
- Clinic for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Mohammad R Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Lee S, Roest ASV, Blair CA, Kao K, Bremner SB, Childers MC, Pathak D, Heinrich P, Lee D, Chirikian O, Mohran S, Roberts B, Smith JE, Jahng JW, Paik DT, Wu JC, Gunawardane RN, Spudich JA, Ruppel K, Mack D, Pruitt BL, Regnier M, Wu SM, Bernstein D. Multi-scale models reveal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy MYH7 G256E mutation drives hypercontractility and elevated mitochondrial respiration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.08.544276. [PMID: 37333118 PMCID: PMC10274883 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.08.544276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Over 200 mutations in the sarcomeric protein β-myosin heavy chain (MYH7) have been linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, different mutations in MYH7 lead to variable penetrance and clinical severity, and alter myosin function to varying degrees, making it difficult to determine genotype-phenotype relationships, especially when caused by rare gene variants such as the G256E mutation. Objective This study aims to determine the effects of low penetrant MYH7 G256E mutation on myosin function. We hypothesize that the G256E mutation would alter myosin function, precipitating compensatory responses in cellular functions. Methods We developed a collaborative pipeline to characterize myosin function at multiple scales (protein to myofibril to cell to tissue). We also used our previously published data on other mutations to compare the degree to which myosin function was altered. Results At the protein level, the G256E mutation disrupts the transducer region of the S1 head and reduces the fraction of myosin in the folded-back state by 50.9%, suggesting more myosins available for contraction. Myofibrils isolated from hiPSC-CMs CRISPR-edited with G256E (MYH7 WT/G256E ) generated greater tension, had faster tension development and slower early phase relaxation, suggesting altered myosin-actin crossbridge cycling kinetics. This hypercontractile phenotype persisted in single-cell hiPSC-CMs and engineered heart tissues. Single-cell transcriptomic and metabolic profiling demonstrated upregulation of mitochondrial genes and increased mitochondrial respiration, suggesting altered bioenergetics as an early feature of HCM. Conclusions MYH7 G256E mutation causes structural instability in the transducer region, leading to hypercontractility across scales, perhaps from increased myosin recruitment and altered crossbridge cycling. Hypercontractile function of the mutant myosin was accompanied by increased mitochondrial respiration, while cellular hypertrophy was modest in the physiological stiffness environment. We believe that this multi-scale platform will be useful to elucidate genotype-phenotype relationships underlying other genetic cardiovascular diseases.
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29
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McCulloch AD. How can AI accelerate advances in physiology? J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202313388. [PMID: 37102985 PMCID: PMC10140544 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining machine learning with mechanistic computational modeling is enabling the discovery of novel genotype-phenotype relationships in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. McCulloch
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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30
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Kuwabara Y, York AJ, Lin SC, Sargent MA, Grimes KM, Pirruccello JP, Molkentin JD. A human FLII gene variant alters sarcomeric actin thin filament length and predisposes to cardiomyopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213696120. [PMID: 37126682 PMCID: PMC10175844 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213696120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the genetic basis of heart disease, we identified a variant in the Flightless-I homolog (FLII) gene that generates a R1243H missense change and predisposes to cardiac remodeling across multiple previous human genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Since this gene is of unknown function in the mammalian heart we generated gain- and loss-of-function genetically altered mice, as well as knock-in mice with the syntenic R1245H amino acid substitution, which showed that Flii protein binds the sarcomeric actin thin filament and influences its length. Deletion of Flii from the heart, or mice with the R1245H amino acid substitution, show cardiomyopathy due to shortening of the actin thin filaments. Mechanistically, Flii is a known actin binding protein that we show associates with tropomodulin-1 (TMOD1) to regulate sarcomere thin filament length. Indeed, overexpression of leiomodin-2 in the heart, which lengthens the actin-containing thin filaments, partially rescued disease due to heart-specific deletion of Flii. Collectively, the identified FLII human variant likely increases cardiomyopathy risk through an alteration in sarcomere structure and associated contractile dynamics, like other sarcomere gene-based familial cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhide Kuwabara
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Allen J. York
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Suh-Chin Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Michelle A. Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Kelly M. Grimes
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - James P. Pirruccello
- Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Jeffery D. Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH45229
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31
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Asencio A, Malingen S, Kooiker KB, Powers JD, Davis J, Daniel T, Moussavi-Harami F. Machine learning meets Monte Carlo methods for models of muscle's molecular machinery to classify mutations. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202213291. [PMID: 37000171 PMCID: PMC10067704 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The timing and magnitude of force generation by a muscle depend on complex interactions in a compliant, contractile filament lattice. Perturbations in these interactions can result in cardiac muscle diseases. In this study, we address the fundamental challenge of connecting the temporal features of cardiac twitches to underlying rate constants and their perturbations associated with genetic cardiomyopathies. Current state-of-the-art metrics for characterizing the mechanical consequence of cardiac muscle disease do not utilize information embedded in the complete time course of twitch force. We pair dimension reduction techniques and machine learning methods to classify underlying perturbations that shape the timing of twitch force. To do this, we created a large twitch dataset using a spatially explicit Monte Carlo model of muscle contraction. Uniquely, we modified the rate constants of this model in line with mouse models of cardiac muscle disease and varied mutation penetrance. Ultimately, the results of this study show that machine learning models combined with biologically informed dimension reduction techniques can yield excellent classification accuracy of underlying muscle perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Asencio
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Transnational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sage Malingen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Transnational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristina B. Kooiker
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Transnational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph D. Powers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Transnational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas Daniel
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Transnational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Farid Moussavi-Harami
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Transnational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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32
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Bonilla IM, Baine S, Pokrass A, Mariángelo JIE, Kalyanasundaram A, Bogdanov V, Mezache L, Sakuta G, Beard CM, Belevych A, Tikunova S, Terentyeva R, Terentyev D, Davis J, Veeraraghavan R, Carnes CA, Györke S. STIM1 ablation impairs exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy and dysregulates autophagy in mouse hearts. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:1287-1299. [PMID: 36995910 PMCID: PMC10190841 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00363.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), a key mediator of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), is a known determinant of cardiomyocyte pathological growth in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We examined the role of STIM1 and SOCE in response to exercise-dependent physiological hypertrophy. Wild-type (WT) mice subjected to exercise training (WT-Ex) showed a significant increase in exercise capacity and heart weight compared with sedentary (WT-Sed) mice. Moreover, myocytes from WT-Ex hearts displayed an increase in length, but not width, compared with WT-Sed myocytes. Conversely, exercised cardiac-specific STIM1 knock-out mice (cSTIM1KO-Ex), although displaying significant increase in heart weight and cardiac dilation, evidenced no changes in myocyte size and displayed a decreased exercise capacity, impaired cardiac function, and premature death compared with sedentary cardiac-specific STIM1 knock-out mice (cSTIM1KO-Sed). Confocal Ca2+ imaging demonstrated enhanced SOCE in WT-Ex myocytes compared with WT-Sed myocytes with no measurable SOCE detected in cSTIM1KO myocytes. Exercise training induced a significant increase in cardiac phospho-Akt Ser473 in WT mice but not in cSTIM1KO mice. No differences were observed in phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) in exercised versus sedentary cSTIM1KO mice hearts. cSTIM1KO-Sed mice showed increased basal MAPK phosphorylation compared with WT-Sed that was not altered by exercise training. Finally, histological analysis revealed exercise resulted in increased autophagy in cSTIM1KO but not in WT myocytes. Taken together, our results suggest that adaptive cardiac hypertrophy in response to exercise training involves STIM1-mediated SOCE. Our results demonstrate that STIM1 is involved in and essential for the myocyte longitudinal growth and mTOR activation in response to endurance exercise training.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) has been implicated in pathological cardiac hypertrophy; however, its role in physiological hypertrophy is unknown. Here we report that SOCE is also essential for physiological cardiac hypertrophy and functional adaptations in response to endurance exercise. These adaptations were associated with activation of AKT/mTOR pathway and curtailed cardiac autophagy and degeneration. Thus, SOCE is a common mechanism and an important bifurcation point for signaling paths involved in physiological and pathological hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid M Bonilla
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Veterans Affairs Caribbean Healthcare System, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States
| | - Stephen Baine
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Anastasia Pokrass
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Juan Ignacio Elio Mariángelo
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Anuradha Kalyanasundaram
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Bob and Corrine Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Vladimir Bogdanov
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Louisa Mezache
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Galina Sakuta
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Casey M Beard
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Andriy Belevych
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Svetlana Tikunova
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Radmila Terentyeva
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Jonathan Davis
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Rengasayee Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Cynthia A Carnes
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Sandor Györke
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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Kooiker KB, Mohran S, Turner KL, Ma W, Flint G, Qi L, Gao C, Zheng Y, McMillen TS, Mandrycky C, Martinson A, Mahoney-Schaefer M, Freeman JC, Costales Arenas EG, Tu AY, Irving TC, Geeves MA, Tanner BCW, Regnier M, Davis J, Moussavi-Harami F. Danicamtiv increases myosin recruitment and alters the chemomechanical cross bridge cycle in cardiac muscle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.31.526380. [PMID: 36778318 PMCID: PMC9915609 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.31.526380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Modulating myosin function is a novel therapeutic approach in patients with cardiomyopathy. Detailed mechanism of action of these agents can help predict potential unwanted affects and identify patient populations that can benefit most from them. Danicamtiv is a novel myosin activator with promising preclinical data that is currently in clinical trials. While it is known danicamtiv increases force and cardiomyocyte contractility without affecting calcium levels, detailed mechanistic studies regarding its mode of action are lacking. Using porcine cardiac tissue and myofibrils we demonstrate that Danicamtiv increases force and calcium sensitivity via increasing the number of myosin in the "on" state and slowing cross bridge turnover. Our detailed analysis shows that inhibition of ADP release results in decreased cross bridge turnover with cross bridges staying on longer and prolonging myofibril relaxation. Using a mouse model of genetic dilated cardiomyopathy, we demonstrated that Danicamtiv corrected calcium sensitivity in demembranated and abnormal twitch magnitude and kinetics in intact cardiac tissue. Significance Statement Directly augmenting sarcomere function has potential to overcome limitations of currently used inotropic agents to improve cardiac contractility. Myosin modulation is a novel mechanism for increased contraction in cardiomyopathies. Danicamtiv is a myosin activator that is currently under investigation for use in cardiomyopathy patients. Our study is the first detailed mechanism of how Danicamtiv increases force and alters kinetics of cardiac activation and relaxation. This new understanding of the mechanism of action of Danicamtiv can be used to help identify patients that could benefit most from this treatment.
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Zhang L, Li N. Lipid overload - a culprit for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2023; 3:8. [PMID: 36818426 PMCID: PMC9933935 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2022.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lilei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Na Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine (Section of Cardiovascular Research), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Mauger CA, Gilbert K, Suinesiaputra A, Bluemke DA, Wu CO, Lima JAC, Young AA, Ambale-Venkatesh B. Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: Relationship between Left Ventricular Shape at Cardiac MRI and 10-year Outcomes. Radiology 2023; 306:e220122. [PMID: 36125376 PMCID: PMC9870985 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.220122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Left ventricular (LV) subclinical remodeling is associated with adverse outcomes and indicates mechanisms of disease development. Standard metrics such as LV mass and volumes may not capture the full range of remodeling. Purpose To quantify the relationship between LV three-dimensional shape at MRI and incident cardiovascular events over 10 years. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, 5098 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis who were free of clinical cardiovascular disease underwent cardiac MRI from 2000 to 2002. LV shape models were automatically generated using a machine learning workflow. Event-specific remodeling signatures were computed using partial least squares regression, and random survival forests were used to determine which features were most associated with incident heart failure (HF), coronary heart disease (CHD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events over a 10-year follow-up period. The discrimination improvement of adding LV shape to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, coronary artery calcium scores, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels was assessed using the index of prediction accuracy and time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to illustrate the ability of remodeling signatures to predict the end points. Results Overall, 4618 participants had sufficient three-dimensional MRI information to generate patient-specific LV models (mean age, 60.6 years ± 9.9 [SD]; 2540 women). Among these participants, 147 had HF, 317 had CHD, and 455 had CVD events. The addition of LV remodeling signatures to traditional cardiovascular risk factors improved the mean AUC for 10-year survival prediction and achieved better performance than LV mass and volumes; HF (AUC, 0.83 ± 0.01 and 0.81 ± 0.01, respectively; P < .05), CHD (AUC, 0.77 ± 0.01 and 0.75 ± 0.01, respectively; P < .05), and CVD (AUC, 0.78 ± 0.0 and 0.76 ± 0.0, respectively; P < .05). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that participants with high-risk HF remodeling signatures had a 10-year survival rate of 56% compared with 95% for those with low-risk scores. Conclusion Left ventricular event-specific remodeling signatures were more predictive of heart failure, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular disease events over 10 years than standard mass and volume measures and enable an automatic personalized medicine approach to tracking remodeling. © RSNA, 2022 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Avan Suinesiaputra
- From the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of
Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton,
Auckland 1023, New Zealand (C.A.M.); Auckland Bioengineering Institute,
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.A.M., K.G.); Department of
Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, UK (A.S., A.A.Y.);
Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public
Health, Madison, Wis (D.A.B.); and Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins
Medical Center, Baltimore, Md (C.O.W., J.A.C.L., B.A.V.)
| | - David A. Bluemke
- From the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of
Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton,
Auckland 1023, New Zealand (C.A.M.); Auckland Bioengineering Institute,
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.A.M., K.G.); Department of
Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, UK (A.S., A.A.Y.);
Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public
Health, Madison, Wis (D.A.B.); and Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins
Medical Center, Baltimore, Md (C.O.W., J.A.C.L., B.A.V.)
| | - Colin O. Wu
- From the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of
Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton,
Auckland 1023, New Zealand (C.A.M.); Auckland Bioengineering Institute,
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.A.M., K.G.); Department of
Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, UK (A.S., A.A.Y.);
Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public
Health, Madison, Wis (D.A.B.); and Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins
Medical Center, Baltimore, Md (C.O.W., J.A.C.L., B.A.V.)
| | - João A. C. Lima
- From the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of
Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton,
Auckland 1023, New Zealand (C.A.M.); Auckland Bioengineering Institute,
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.A.M., K.G.); Department of
Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, UK (A.S., A.A.Y.);
Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public
Health, Madison, Wis (D.A.B.); and Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins
Medical Center, Baltimore, Md (C.O.W., J.A.C.L., B.A.V.)
| | - Alistair A. Young
- From the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of
Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton,
Auckland 1023, New Zealand (C.A.M.); Auckland Bioengineering Institute,
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.A.M., K.G.); Department of
Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, UK (A.S., A.A.Y.);
Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public
Health, Madison, Wis (D.A.B.); and Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins
Medical Center, Baltimore, Md (C.O.W., J.A.C.L., B.A.V.)
| | - Bharath Ambale-Venkatesh
- From the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of
Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton,
Auckland 1023, New Zealand (C.A.M.); Auckland Bioengineering Institute,
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (C.A.M., K.G.); Department of
Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, UK (A.S., A.A.Y.);
Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public
Health, Madison, Wis (D.A.B.); and Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins
Medical Center, Baltimore, Md (C.O.W., J.A.C.L., B.A.V.)
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36
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Bretherton RC, Reichardt IM, Zabrecky KA, Goldstein AJ, Bailey LR, Bugg D, McMillen TS, Kooiker KB, Flint GV, Martinson A, Gunaje J, Koser F, Plaster E, Linke WA, Regnier M, Moussavi-Harami F, Sniadecki NJ, DeForest CA, Davis J. Correcting dilated cardiomyopathy with fibroblast-targeted p38 deficiency. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.23.523684. [PMID: 36747691 PMCID: PMC9900749 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.23.523684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Inherited mutations in contractile and structural genes, which decrease cardiomyocyte tension generation, are principal drivers of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)- the leading cause of heart failure 1,2 . Progress towards developing precision therapeutics for and defining the underlying determinants of DCM has been cardiomyocyte centric with negligible attention directed towards fibroblasts despite their role in regulating the best predictor of DCM severity, cardiac fibrosis 3,4 . Given that failure to reverse fibrosis is a major limitation of both standard of care and first in class precision therapeutics for DCM, this study examined whether cardiac fibroblast-mediated regulation of the heart's material properties is essential for the DCM phenotype. Here we report in a mouse model of inherited DCM that prior to the onset of fibrosis and dilated myocardial remodeling both the myocardium and extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffen from switches in titin isoform expression, enhanced collagen fiber alignment, and expansion of the cardiac fibroblast population, which we blocked by genetically suppressing p38α in cardiac fibroblasts. This fibroblast-targeted intervention unexpectedly improved the primary cardiomyocyte defect in contractile function and reversed ECM and dilated myocardial remodeling. Together these findings challenge the long-standing paradigm that ECM remodeling is a secondary complication to inherited defects in cardiomyocyte contractile function and instead demonstrate cardiac fibroblasts are essential contributors to the DCM phenotype, thus suggesting DCM-specific therapeutics will require fibroblast-specific strategies.
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Khalilimeybodi A, Riaz M, Campbell SG, Omens JH, McCulloch AD, Qyang Y, Saucerman JJ. Signaling network model of cardiomyocyte morphological changes in familial cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 174:1-14. [PMID: 36370475 PMCID: PMC10230857 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Familial cardiomyopathy is a precursor of heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Over the past several decades, researchers have discovered numerous gene mutations primarily in sarcomeric and cytoskeletal proteins causing two different disease phenotypes: hypertrophic (HCM) and dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathies. However, molecular mechanisms linking genotype to phenotype remain unclear. Here, we employ a systems approach by integrating experimental findings from preclinical studies (e.g., murine data) into a cohesive signaling network to scrutinize genotype to phenotype mechanisms. We developed an HCM/DCM signaling network model utilizing a logic-based differential equations approach and evaluated model performance in predicting experimental data from four contexts (HCM, DCM, pressure overload, and volume overload). The model has an overall prediction accuracy of 83.8%, with higher accuracy in the HCM context (90%) than DCM (75%). Global sensitivity analysis identifies key signaling reactions, with calcium-mediated myofilament force development and calcium-calmodulin kinase signaling ranking the highest. A structural revision analysis indicates potential missing interactions that primarily control calcium regulatory proteins, increasing model prediction accuracy. Combination pharmacotherapy analysis suggests that downregulation of signaling components such as calcium, titin and its associated proteins, growth factor receptors, ERK1/2, and PI3K-AKT could inhibit myocyte growth in HCM. In experiments with patient-specific iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (MLP-W4R;MYH7-R723C iPSC-CMs), combined inhibition of ERK1/2 and PI3K-AKT rescued the HCM phenotype, as predicted by the model. In DCM, PI3K-AKT-NFAT downregulation combined with upregulation of Ras/ERK1/2 or titin or Gq protein could ameliorate cardiomyocyte morphology. The model results suggest that HCM mutations that increase active force through elevated calcium sensitivity could increase ERK activity and decrease eccentricity through parallel growth factors, Gq-mediated, and titin pathways. Moreover, the model simulated the influence of existing medications on cardiac growth in HCM and DCM contexts. This HCM/DCM signaling model demonstrates utility in investigating genotype to phenotype mechanisms in familial cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khalilimeybodi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stuart G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Omens
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Andrew D McCulloch
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, United States of America; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America.
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Rayani K, Hantz ER, Haji-Ghassemi O, Li AY, Spuches AM, Van Petegem F, Solaro RJ, Lindert S, Tibbits GF. The effect of Mg 2+ on Ca 2+ binding to cardiac troponin C in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated TNNC1 variants. FEBS J 2022; 289:7446-7465. [PMID: 35838319 PMCID: PMC9836626 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac troponin C (cTnC) is the critical Ca2+ -sensing component of the troponin complex. Binding of Ca2+ to cTnC triggers a cascade of conformational changes within the myofilament that culminate in force production. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)-associated TNNC1 variants generally induce a greater degree and duration of Ca2+ binding, which may underly the hypertrophic phenotype. Regulation of contraction has long been thought to occur exclusively through Ca2+ binding to site II of cTnC. However, work by several groups including ours suggest that Mg2+ , which is several orders of magnitude more abundant in the cell than Ca2+ , may compete for binding to the same cTnC regulatory site. We previously used isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to demonstrate that physiological concentrations of Mg2+ may decrease site II Ca2+ -binding in both N-terminal and full-length cTnC. Here, we explore the binding of Ca2+ and Mg2+ to cTnC harbouring a series of TNNC1 variants thought to be causal in HCM. ITC and thermodynamic integration (TI) simulations show that A8V, L29Q and A31S elevate the affinity for both Ca2+ and Mg2+ . Further, L48Q, Q50R and C84Y that are adjacent to the EF hand binding motif of site II have a more significant effect on affinity and the thermodynamics of the binding interaction. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to explore the role of Mg2+ in modifying the Ca2+ affinity of cTnC mutations linked to HCM. Our results indicate a physiologically significant role for cellular Mg2+ both at baseline and when elevated on modifying the Ca2+ binding properties of cTnC and the subsequent conformational changes which precede cardiac contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Rayani
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Eric R Hantz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Omid Haji-Ghassemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alison Y Li
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Anne M Spuches
- Department of Chemistry, 300 Science and Technology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Filip Van Petegem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - R John Solaro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - Steffen Lindert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Glen F Tibbits
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
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Cardiovascular Involvement in Pediatric FLNC Variants: A Case Series of Fourteen Patients. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9100332. [PMID: 36286284 PMCID: PMC9604120 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamin C is a protein specifically expressed in myocytes and cardiomyocytes and is involved in several biological functions, including sarcomere contractile activity, signaling, cellular adhesion, and repair. FLNC variants are associated with different disorders ranging from striated muscle (myofibrillar distal or proximal) myopathy to cardiomyopathies (CMPs) (restrictive, hypertrophic, and dilated), or both. The outcome depends on functional consequences of the detected variants, which result either in FLNC haploinsufficiency or in an aberrant protein, the latter affecting sarcomere structure leading to protein aggregates. Cardiac manifestations of filaminopathies are most often described as adult onset CMPs and limited reports are available in children or on other cardiac spectrums (congenital heart defects-CHDs, or arrhythmias). Here we report on 13 variants in 14 children (2.8%) out of 500 pediatric patients with early-onset different cardiac features ranging from CMP to arrhythmias and CHDs. In one patient, we identified a deletion encompassing FLNC detected by microarray, which was overlooked by next generation sequencing. We established a potential genotype-phenotype correlation of the p.Ala1186Val variant in severe and early-onset restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) associated with a limb-girdle defect (two new patients in addition to the five reported in the literature). Moreover, in three patients (21%), we identified a relatively frequent finding of long QT syndrome (LQTS) associated with RCM (n = 2) and a hypertrabeculated left ventricle (n = 1). RCM and LQTS in children might represent a specific red flag for FLNC variants. Further studies are warranted in pediatric cohorts to delineate potential expanding phenotypes related to FLNC.
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Kawana M, Spudich JA, Ruppel KM. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Mutations to mechanisms to therapies. Front Physiol 2022; 13:975076. [PMID: 36225299 PMCID: PMC9548533 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.975076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) affects more than 1 in 500 people in the general population with an extensive burden of morbidity in the form of arrhythmia, heart failure, and sudden death. More than 25 years since the discovery of the genetic underpinnings of HCM, the field has unveiled significant insights into the primary effects of these genetic mutations, especially for the myosin heavy chain gene, which is one of the most commonly mutated genes. Our group has studied the molecular effects of HCM mutations on human β-cardiac myosin heavy chain using state-of-the-art biochemical and biophysical tools for the past 10 years, combining insights from clinical genetics and structural analyses of cardiac myosin. The overarching hypothesis is that HCM-causing mutations in sarcomere proteins cause hypercontractility at the sarcomere level, and we have shown that an increase in the number of myosin molecules available for interaction with actin is a primary driver. Recently, two pharmaceutical companies have developed small molecule inhibitors of human cardiac myosin to counteract the molecular consequences of HCM pathogenesis. One of these inhibitors (mavacamten) has recently been approved by the FDA after completing a successful phase III trial in HCM patients, and the other (aficamten) is currently being evaluated in a phase III trial. Myosin inhibitors will be the first class of medication used to treat HCM that has both robust clinical trial evidence of efficacy and that targets the fundamental mechanism of HCM pathogenesis. The success of myosin inhibitors in HCM opens the door to finding other new drugs that target the sarcomere directly, as we learn more about the genetics and fundamental mechanisms of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Kawana
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - James A. Spudich
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Ruppel
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Kathleen M. Ruppel,
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Zech ATL, Prondzynski M, Singh SR, Pietsch N, Orthey E, Alizoti E, Busch J, Madsen A, Behrens CS, Meyer-Jens M, Mearini G, Lemoine MD, Krämer E, Mosqueira D, Virdi S, Indenbirken D, Depke M, Salazar MG, Völker U, Braren I, Pu WT, Eschenhagen T, Hammer E, Schlossarek S, Carrier L. ACTN2 Mutant Causes Proteopathy in Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172745. [PMID: 36078153 PMCID: PMC9454684 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in α-actinin-2 (ACTN2) are associated with several forms of (cardio)myopathy. We previously reported a heterozygous missense (c.740C>T) ACTN2 gene variant, associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and characterized by an electro-mechanical phenotype in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Here, we created with CRISPR/Cas9 genetic tools two heterozygous functional knock-out hiPSC lines with a second wild-type (ACTN2wt) and missense ACTN2 (ACTN2mut) allele, respectively. We evaluated their impact on cardiomyocyte structure and function, using a combination of different technologies, including immunofluorescence and live cell imaging, RNA-seq, and mass spectrometry. This study showed that ACTN2mut presents a higher percentage of multinucleation, protein aggregation, hypertrophy, myofibrillar disarray, and activation of both the ubiquitin-proteasome system and the autophagy-lysosomal pathway as compared to ACTN2wt in 2D-cultured hiPSC-CMs. Furthermore, the expression of ACTN2mut was associated with a marked reduction of sarcomere-associated protein levels in 2D-cultured hiPSC-CMs and force impairment in engineered heart tissues. In conclusion, our study highlights the activation of proteolytic systems in ACTN2mut hiPSC-CMs likely to cope with ACTN2 aggregation and therefore directs towards proteopathy as an additional cellular pathology caused by this ACTN2 variant, which may contribute to human ACTN2-associated cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia T. L. Zech
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maksymilian Prondzynski
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sonia R. Singh
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niels Pietsch
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ellen Orthey
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Erda Alizoti
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Josefine Busch
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Madsen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotta S. Behrens
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Meyer-Jens
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giulia Mearini
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc D. Lemoine
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Krämer
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diogo Mosqueira
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Sanamjeet Virdi
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Indenbirken
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maren Depke
- Department for Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Manuela Gesell Salazar
- Department for Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department for Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ingke Braren
- Vector Facility, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - William T. Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elke Hammer
- Department for Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Saskia Schlossarek
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-7410-57208
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42
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De Jong HN, Dewey FE, Cordero P, Victorio RA, Kirillova A, Huang Y, Madhvani R, Seo K, Werdich AA, Lan F, Orcholski M, Liu WR, Erbilgin A, Wheeler MT, Chen R, Pan S, Kim YM, Bommakanti K, Marcou CA, Bos JM, Haddad F, Ackerman M, Vasan RS, MacRae C, Wu JC, de Jesus Perez V, Snyder M, Parikh VN, Ashley EA. Wnt Signaling Interactor WTIP (Wilms Tumor Interacting Protein) Underlies Novel Mechanism for Cardiac Hypertrophy. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2022; 15:e003563. [PMID: 35671065 PMCID: PMC10445530 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.121.003563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) can yield insight into the mechanisms underlying the complex trait of cardiac hypertrophy. To date, most genetic variants associated with HCM have been found in sarcomeric genes. Here, we describe a novel HCM-associated variant in the noncanonical Wnt signaling interactor WTIP (Wilms tumor interacting protein) and provide evidence of a role for WTIP in complex disease. METHODS In a family affected by HCM, we used exome sequencing and identity-by-descent analysis to identify a novel variant in WTIP (p.Y233F). We knocked down WTIP in isolated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes with lentivirally delivered short hairpin ribonucleic acids and in Danio rerio via morpholino injection. We performed weighted gene coexpression network analysis for WTIP in human cardiac tissue, as well as association analysis for WTIP variation and left ventricular hypertrophy. Finally, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from patient tissue, characterized size and calcium cycling, and determined the effect of verapamil treatment on calcium dynamics. RESULTS WTIP knockdown caused hypertrophy in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and increased cardiac hypertrophy, peak calcium, and resting calcium in D rerio. Network analysis of human cardiac tissue indicated WTIP as a central coordinator of prohypertrophic networks, while common variation at the WTIP locus was associated with human left ventricular hypertrophy. Patient-derived WTIP p.Y233F-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes recapitulated cellular hypertrophy and increased resting calcium, which was ameliorated by verapamil. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that a novel genetic variant found in a family with HCM disrupts binding to a known Wnt signaling protein, misregulating cardiomyocyte calcium dynamics. Further, in orthogonal model systems, we show that expression of the gene WTIP is important in complex cardiac hypertrophy phenotypes. These findings, derived from the observation of a rare Mendelian disease variant, uncover a novel disease mechanism with implications across diverse forms of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pablo Cordero
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Rachelle A. Victorio
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Anna Kirillova
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Roshni Madhvani
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Kinya Seo
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Andreas A. Werdich
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Feng Lan
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Mark Orcholski
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - W. Robert Liu
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Ayca Erbilgin
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Matthew T. Wheeler
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Stephen Pan
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Young M. Kim
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Krishna Bommakanti
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Cherisse A. Marcou
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - J. Martijn Bos
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Francois Haddad
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Michael Ackerman
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Calum MacRae
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Vinicio de Jesus Perez
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics (H.N.D., R.C., M.S., E.A.A.), Department of Medicine (F.E.D., A.K., Y.H., R.M., K.S., F.L., M.O., W.R.L., A.E., M.T.W., S.P., Y.M.K., K.B., F.H., J.C.W., V.d.J.P., V.N.P., E.A.A.), and Biomedical Informatics (P.C.), Stanford University, CA. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA (R.A.V., A.A.W., C.M.). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.M., J.M.B., M.A.). Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V.)
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Molecular genetic mechanisms of dilated cardiomyopathy. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 76:101959. [PMID: 35870234 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a rapidly growing cardiovascular condition with a prevalence of ~40 million individuals worldwide [1]. While HF can be caused by acquired conditions such as myocardial infarctions and viruses [2], the genetic basis for HF is rapidly emerging particularly for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) that is the most prevalent HF type. In this review, insights from the rapid expansion in next-generation sequencing technologies applied in the HF clinic are merged with recent functional genomics studies to provide a contemporary view of DCM molecular genetics.
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Riaz M, Park J, Sewanan LR, Ren Y, Schwan J, Das SK, Pomianowski PT, Huang Y, Ellis MW, Luo J, Liu J, Song L, Chen IP, Qiu C, Yazawa M, Tellides G, Hwa J, Young LH, Yang L, Marboe CC, Jacoby DL, Campbell SG, Qyang Y. Muscle LIM Protein Force-Sensing Mediates Sarcomeric Biomechanical Signaling in Human Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2022; 145:1238-1253. [PMID: 35384713 PMCID: PMC9109819 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disease and is typically caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins that regulate cardiac contractility. HCM manifestations include left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure, arrythmias, and sudden cardiac death. How dysregulated sarcomeric force production is sensed and leads to pathological remodeling remains poorly understood in HCM, thereby inhibiting the efficient development of new therapeutics. METHODS Our discovery was based on insights from a severe phenotype of an individual with HCM and a second genetic alteration in a sarcomeric mechanosensing protein. We derived cardiomyocytes from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells and developed robust engineered heart tissues by seeding induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes into a laser-cut scaffold possessing native cardiac fiber alignment to study human cardiac mechanobiology at both the cellular and tissue levels. Coupled with computational modeling for muscle contraction and rescue of disease phenotype by gene editing and pharmacological interventions, we have identified a new mechanotransduction pathway in HCM, shown to be essential in modulating the phenotypic expression of HCM in 5 families bearing distinct sarcomeric mutations. RESULTS Enhanced actomyosin crossbridge formation caused by sarcomeric mutations in cardiac myosin heavy chain (MYH7) led to increased force generation, which, when coupled with slower twitch relaxation, destabilized the MLP (muscle LIM protein) stretch-sensing complex at the Z-disc. Subsequent reduction in the sarcomeric muscle LIM protein level caused disinhibition of calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cells signaling, which promoted cardiac hypertrophy. We demonstrate that the common muscle LIM protein-W4R variant is an important modifier, exacerbating the phenotypic expression of HCM, but alone may not be a disease-causing mutation. By mitigating enhanced actomyosin crossbridge formation through either genetic or pharmacological means, we alleviated stress at the Z-disc, preventing the development of hypertrophy associated with sarcomeric mutations. CONCLUSIONS Our studies have uncovered a novel biomechanical mechanism through which dysregulated sarcomeric force production is sensed and leads to pathological signaling, remodeling, and hypertrophic responses. Together, these establish the foundation for developing innovative mechanism-based treatments for HCM that stabilize the Z-disc MLP-mechanosensory complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jinkyu Park
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lorenzo R. Sewanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yongming Ren
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jonas Schwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Subhash K. Das
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Yan Huang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew W. Ellis
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Juli Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Loujin Song
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - I-Ping Chen
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Masayuki Yazawa
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Young
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Charles C. Marboe
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel L. Jacoby
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stuart G. Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Hartmann N, Preuß L, Mohamed BA, Schnelle M, Renner A, Hasenfuß G, Toischer K. Different activation of MAPKs and Akt/GSK3β after preload vs. afterload elevation. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:1823-1831. [PMID: 35315235 PMCID: PMC9065823 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Pressure overload (PO) and volume overload (VO) lead to concentric or eccentric hypertrophy. Previously, we could show that activation of signalling cascades differ in in vivo mouse models. Activation of these signal cascades could either be induced by intrinsic load sensing or neuro‐endocrine substances like catecholamines or the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system. Methods and results We therefore analysed the activation of classical cardiac signal pathways [mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (ERK, p38, and JNK) and Akt‐GSK3β] in in vitro of mechanical overload (ejecting heart model, rabbit and human isolated muscle strips). Selective elevation of preload in vitro increased AKT and GSK3β phosphorylation after 15 min in isolated rabbit muscles strips (AKT 49%, GSK3β 26%, P < 0.05) and in mouse ejecting hearts (AKT 51%, GSK49%, P < 0.05), whereas phosphorylation of MAPKs was not influenced by increased preload. Selective elevation of afterload revealed an increase in ERK phosphorylation in the ejecting heart (43%, P < 0.05), but not in AKT, GSK3β, and the other MAPKs. Elevation of preload and afterload in the ejecting heart induced a significant phosphorylation of ERK (95%, P < 0.001) and showed a moderate increased AKT (P = 0.14) and GSK3β (P = 0.21) phosphorylation, which did not reach significance. Preload and afterload elevation in muscles strips from human failing hearts showed neither AKT nor ERK phosphorylation changes. Conclusions Our data show that preload activates the AKT–GSK3β and afterload the ERK pathway in vitro, indicating an intrinsic mechanism independent of endocrine signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Hartmann
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Lena Preuß
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Belal A Mohamed
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, 37075, Germany.,DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Schnelle
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andre Renner
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery (Heart and Diabetes Center), North Rhine Westphalia, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuß
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, 37075, Germany.,DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karl Toischer
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, 37075, Germany.,DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany
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Critical Evaluation of Current Hypotheses for the Pathogenesis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042195. [PMID: 35216312 PMCID: PMC8880276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), due to mutations in sarcomere proteins, occurs in more than 1/500 individuals and is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young people. The clinical course exhibits appreciable variability. However, typically, heart morphology and function are normal at birth, with pathological remodeling developing over years to decades, leading to a phenotype characterized by asymmetric ventricular hypertrophy, scattered fibrosis and myofibrillar/cellular disarray with ultimate mechanical heart failure and/or severe arrhythmias. The identity of the primary mutation-induced changes in sarcomere function and how they trigger debilitating remodeling are poorly understood. Support for the importance of mutation-induced hypercontractility, e.g., increased calcium sensitivity and/or increased power output, has been strengthened in recent years. However, other ideas that mutation-induced hypocontractility or non-uniformities with contractile instabilities, instead, constitute primary triggers cannot yet be discarded. Here, we review evidence for and criticism against the mentioned hypotheses. In this process, we find support for previous ideas that inefficient energy usage and a blunted Frank–Starling mechanism have central roles in pathogenesis, although presumably representing effects secondary to the primary mutation-induced changes. While first trying to reconcile apparently diverging evidence for the different hypotheses in one unified model, we also identify key remaining questions and suggest how experimental systems that are built around isolated primarily expressed proteins could be useful.
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Sherman WF, Asad M, Grosberg A. An Energetic Approach to Modeling Cytoskeletal Architecture in Maturing Cardiomyocytes. J Biomech Eng 2022; 144:021002. [PMID: 34382649 PMCID: PMC8547018 DOI: 10.1115/1.4052112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Through a variety of mechanisms, a healthy heart is able to regulate its structure and dynamics across multiple length scales. Disruption of these mechanisms can have a cascading effect, resulting in severe structural and/or functional changes that permeate across different length scales. Due to this hierarchical structure, there is interest in understanding how the components at the various scales coordinate and influence each other. However, much is unknown regarding how myofibril bundles are organized within a densely packed cell and the influence of the subcellular components on the architecture that is formed. To elucidate potential factors influencing cytoskeletal development, we proposed a computational model that integrated interactions at both the cellular and subcellular scale to predict the location of individual myofibril bundles that contributed to the formation of an energetically favorable cytoskeletal network. Our model was tested and validated using experimental metrics derived from analyzing single-cell cardiomyocytes. We demonstrated that our model-generated networks were capable of reproducing the variation observed in experimental cells at different length scales as a result of the stochasticity inherent in the different interactions between the various cellular components. Additionally, we showed that incorporating length-scale parameters resulted in physical constraints that directed cytoskeletal architecture toward a structurally consistent motif. Understanding the mechanisms guiding the formation and organization of the cytoskeleton in individual cardiomyocytes can aid tissue engineers toward developing functional cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F. Sherman
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Mira Asad
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Anna Grosberg
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
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Liu C, Feng X, Li G, Gokulnath P, Xiao J. Generating 3D human cardiac constructs from pluripotent stem cells. EBioMedicine 2022; 76:103813. [PMID: 35093634 PMCID: PMC8804169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology has offered nearly infinite opportunities to model all kinds of human diseases in vitro. Cardiomyocytes derived from hPSCs have proved to be efficient tools for cardiac disease modeling, drug screening and pathological mechanism studies. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of 2D hPSC-cardiomyocyte (hPSC-CM) system, and introduce the recent development of three-dimensional (3D) culture platforms derived from hPSCs. Although the development of bioengineering technologies has greatly improved 3D platform construction, there are certainly challenges and room for development for further in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xing Feng
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Priyanka Gokulnath
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Prodanovic M, Geeves MA, Poggesi C, Regnier M, Mijailovich SM. Effect of Myosin Isoforms on Cardiac Muscle Twitch of Mice, Rats and Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1135. [PMID: 35163054 PMCID: PMC8835009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand how pathology-induced changes in contractile protein isoforms modulate cardiac muscle function, it is necessary to quantify the temporal-mechanical properties of contractions that occur under various conditions. Pathological responses are much easier to study in animal model systems than in humans, but extrapolation between species presents numerous challenges. Employing computational approaches can help elucidate relationships that are difficult to test experimentally by translating the observations from rats and mice, as model organisms, to the human heart. Here, we use the spatially explicit MUSICO platform to model twitch contractions from rodent and human trabeculae collected in a single laboratory. This approach allowed us to identify the variations in kinetic characteristics of α- and β-myosin isoforms across species and to quantify their effect on cardiac muscle contractile responses. The simulations showed how the twitch transient varied with the ratio of the two myosin isoforms. Particularly, the rate of tension rise was proportional to the fraction of α-myosin present, while the β-isoform dominated the rate of relaxation unless α-myosin was >50%. Moreover, both the myosin isoform and the Ca2+ transient contributed to the twitch tension transient, allowing two levels of regulation of twitch contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momcilo Prodanovic
- Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center (BioIRC), 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- FilamenTech, Inc., Newtown, MA 02458, USA
| | - Michael A. Geeves
- Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, Kent, UK;
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 20134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA;
| | - Srboljub M. Mijailovich
- FilamenTech, Inc., Newtown, MA 02458, USA
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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