1
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Morais RP, de Oliveira CC, Riegel-Vidotti IC, Marino CEB. pH stimulus-responsive hybrid nanoparticles: A system designed for follicular delivery of brazilian plant-derived 5-alpha-reductase enzyme inhibitors. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123689. [PMID: 38072149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The 5-alpha-reductase enzyme, present in pilosebaceous units, plays a crucial role in the appearance of cutaneous hyperandrogenism manifestations (hirsutism, acne, and androgenetic alopecia). Its inhibition is an excellent strategy to reverse these conditions. Given the limitations of existing treatments, with transient effects and delayed therapeutic response, as well as the possibility of causing undesirable side effects, this study sought to develop new drug delivery systems to overcome these limitations. In other words, innovative stimuli-responsive hybrid nanoparticles were synthesized using silica/natural polysaccharides, encapsulating 5-alpha-reductase enzyme inhibitors derived from the plant Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (commonly known as 'Barbatimão'). Silica core was synthesized by the modified Stöber method. The pH responsive polysaccharides used to coat the porous silica cores were chitosan, and sodium alginate, this coating was carried out using the Layer-by-Layer technique. The hybrid nanoparticles were characterized at molecular and physical-chemical levels. Furthermore, encapsulation efficiency, pH-dependent release behavior, and cytotoxicity were evaluated. Amorphous mesoporous structure with adequate size for follicular delivery (between 300 and 600 nm) in addition to effective phytocompound loading capacity, above 80 % was obtained. Based on the release studies, it was possible to observe pH responsiveness. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) obtained from "Barbatimão" bark extract was released in a controlled and more efficient manner by the alginate-coated nanoparticle (SNP_EAF_SA) at pH 7.4, which corresponds to the pH at the deepest area of hair follicles. Furthermore, SNP_EAF_SA proved to be less cytotoxic compared to EAF and chitosan-coated hybrid nanoparticles (SNP_EAF_CH). Characterization, release, and cytotoxicity results indicate that SNP_EAF_SA is a promising system for on-demand follicular delivery of antiandrogenic actives contained in EAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Pinho Morais
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Cláudia E B Marino
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
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2
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Kureel SK, Blair B, Sheetz MP. Recent Advancement in Elimination Strategies and Potential Rejuvenation Targets of Senescence. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300461. [PMID: 37857532 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of exiting the cell cycle, resisting apoptosis, and changing phenotype. Senescent cells (SCs) can be identified by large, distorted morphology and irreversible inability to replicate. In early development, senescence has beneficial roles like tissue patterning and wound healing, where SCs are cleared by the immune system. However, there is a steep rise in SC number as organisms age. The issue with SC accumulation stems from the loss of cellular function, alterations of the microenvironment, and secretions of pro-inflammatory molecules, consisting of cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), interleukins, and extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated molecules. This secreted cocktail is referred to as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), a hallmark of cellular senescence. The SASP promotes inflammation and displays a bystander effect where paracrine signaling turns proliferating cells into senescent states. To alleviate age-associated diseases, researchers have developed novel methods and techniques to selectively eliminate SCs in aged individuals. Although studies demonstrated that selectively killing SCs improves age-related disorders, there are drawbacks to SC removal. Considering favorable aspects of senescence in the body, this paper reviews recent advancements in elimination strategies and potential rejuvenation targets of senescence to bring researchers in the field up to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Kureel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Brandon Blair
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
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3
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Konkimalla A, Konishi S, Macadlo L, Kobayashi Y, Farino ZJ, Miyashita N, El Haddad L, Morowitz J, Barkauskas CE, Agarwal P, Souma T, ElMallah MK, Tata A, Tata PR. Transitional cell states sculpt tissue topology during lung regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1486-1502.e9. [PMID: 37922879 PMCID: PMC10762634 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Organ regeneration requires dynamic cell interactions to reestablish cell numbers and tissue architecture. While we know the identity of progenitor cells that replace lost tissue, the transient states they give rise to and their role in repair remain elusive. Here, using multiple injury models, we find that alveolar fibroblasts acquire distinct states marked by Sfrp1 and Runx1 that influence tissue remodeling and reorganization. Unexpectedly, ablation of alveolar epithelial type-1 (AT1) cells alone is sufficient to induce tissue remodeling and transitional states. Integrated scRNA-seq followed by genetic interrogation reveals RUNX1 is a key driver of fibroblast states. Importantly, the ectopic induction or accumulation of epithelial transitional states induce rapid formation of transient alveolar fibroblasts, leading to organ-wide fibrosis. Conversely, the elimination of epithelial or fibroblast transitional states or RUNX1 loss, leads to tissue simplification resembling emphysema. This work uncovered a key role for transitional states in orchestrating tissue topologies during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Konkimalla
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Satoshi Konishi
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lauren Macadlo
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zachary J Farino
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Naoya Miyashita
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Léa El Haddad
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jeremy Morowitz
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christina E Barkauskas
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Pankaj Agarwal
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tomokazu Souma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mai K ElMallah
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aleksandra Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Purushothama Rao Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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4
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Riddell J, Noureen SR, Sedda L, Glover JD, Ho WKW, Bain CA, Berbeglia A, Brown H, Anderson C, Chen Y, Crichton ML, Yates CA, Mort RL, Headon DJ. Rapid mechanosensitive migration and dispersal of newly divided mesenchymal cells aid their recruitment into dermal condensates. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002316. [PMID: 37747910 PMCID: PMC10553821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic mesenchymal cells are dispersed within an extracellular matrix but can coalesce to form condensates with key developmental roles. Cells within condensates undergo fate and morphological changes and induce cell fate changes in nearby epithelia to produce structures including hair follicles, feathers, or intestinal villi. Here, by imaging mouse and chicken embryonic skin, we find that mesenchymal cells undergo much of their dispersal in early interphase, in a stereotyped process of displacement driven by 3 hours of rapid and persistent migration followed by a long period of low motility. The cell division plane and the elevated migration speed and persistence of newly born mesenchymal cells are mechanosensitive, aligning with tissue tension, and are reliant on active WNT secretion. This behaviour disperses mesenchymal cells and allows daughters of recent divisions to travel long distances to enter dermal condensates, demonstrating an unanticipated effect of cell cycle subphase on core mesenchymal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Riddell
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Shahzeb Raja Noureen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Luigi Sedda
- Lancaster Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - James D. Glover
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - William K. W. Ho
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Connor A. Bain
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Arianna Berbeglia
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Brown
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Calum Anderson
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yuhang Chen
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L. Crichton
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christian A. Yates
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Richard L. Mort
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Denis J. Headon
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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5
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Wei H, Du S, Parksong J, Pasolli HA, Matte-Martone C, Regot S, Gonzalez LE, Xin T, Greco V. Organ function is preserved despite reorganization of niche architecture in the hair follicle. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:962-972.e6. [PMID: 37419106 PMCID: PMC10362479 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability of stem cells to build and replenish tissues depends on support from their niche. Although niche architecture varies across organs, its functional importance is unclear. During hair follicle growth, multipotent epithelial progenitors build hair via crosstalk with their remodeling fibroblast niche, the dermal papilla, providing a powerful model to functionally interrogate niche architecture. Through mouse intravital imaging, we show that dermal papilla fibroblasts remodel individually and collectively to form a morphologically polarized, structurally robust niche. Asymmetric TGF-β signaling precedes morphological niche polarity, and loss of TGF-β signaling in dermal papilla fibroblasts leads them to progressively lose their stereotypic architecture, instead surrounding the epithelium. The reorganized niche induces the redistribution of multipotent progenitors but nevertheless supports their proliferation and differentiation. However, the differentiated lineages and hairs produced by progenitors are shorter. Overall, our results reveal that niche architecture optimizes organ efficiency but is not absolutely essential for organ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Wei
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shuangshuang Du
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jeeun Parksong
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Sergi Regot
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lauren E Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Tianchi Xin
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Dermatology, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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6
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Moore JL, Bhaskar D, Gao F, Matte-Martone C, Du S, Lathrop E, Ganesan S, Shao L, Norris R, Campamà Sanz N, Annusver K, Kasper M, Cox A, Hendry C, Rieck B, Krishnaswamy S, Greco V. Cell cycle controls long-range calcium signaling in the regenerating epidermis. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202302095. [PMID: 37102999 PMCID: PMC10140546 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202302095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin homeostasis is maintained by stem cells, which must communicate to balance their regenerative behaviors. Yet, how adult stem cells signal across regenerative tissue remains unknown due to challenges in studying signaling dynamics in live mice. We combined live imaging in the mouse basal stem cell layer with machine learning tools to analyze patterns of Ca2+ signaling. We show that basal cells display dynamic intercellular Ca2+ signaling among local neighborhoods. We find that these Ca2+ signals are coordinated across thousands of cells and that this coordination is an emergent property of the stem cell layer. We demonstrate that G2 cells are required to initiate normal levels of Ca2+ signaling, while connexin43 connects basal cells to orchestrate tissue-wide coordination of Ca2+ signaling. Lastly, we find that Ca2+ signaling drives cell cycle progression, revealing a communication feedback loop. This work provides resolution into how stem cells at different cell cycle stages coordinate tissue-wide signaling during epidermal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Moore
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dhananjay Bhaskar
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Shuangshuang Du
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lathrop
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Smirthy Ganesan
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lin Shao
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rachael Norris
- Department of Cell Biology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Nil Campamà Sanz
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Annusver
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kasper
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andy Cox
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caroline Hendry
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bastian Rieck
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Applied Mathematics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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7
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Kam CY, Singh ID, Gonzalez DG, Matte-Martone C, Solá P, Solanas G, Bonjoch J, Marsh E, Hirschi KK, Greco V. Mechanisms of skin vascular maturation and maintenance captured by longitudinal imaging of live mice. Cell 2023; 186:2345-2360.e16. [PMID: 37167971 PMCID: PMC10225355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A functional network of blood vessels is essential for organ growth and homeostasis, yet how the vasculature matures and maintains homeostasis remains elusive in live mice. By longitudinally tracking the same neonatal endothelial cells (ECs) over days to weeks, we found that capillary plexus expansion is driven by vessel regression to optimize network perfusion. Neonatal ECs rearrange positions to evenly distribute throughout the developing plexus and become positionally stable in adulthood. Upon local ablation, adult ECs survive through a plasmalemmal self-repair response, while neonatal ECs are predisposed to die. Furthermore, adult ECs reactivate migration to assist vessel repair. Global ablation reveals coordinated maintenance of the adult vascular architecture that allows for eventual network recovery. Lastly, neonatal remodeling and adult maintenance of the skin vascular plexus are orchestrated by temporally restricted, neonatal VEGFR2 signaling. Our work sheds light on fundamental mechanisms that underlie both vascular maturation and adult homeostasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuan Kam
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ishani D Singh
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David G Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Paloma Solá
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guiomar Solanas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia Bonjoch
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edward Marsh
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Dermatology, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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8
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Bao H, Cao J, Chen M, Chen M, Chen W, Chen X, Chen Y, Chen Y, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chhetri JK, Ding Y, Feng J, Guo J, Guo M, He C, Jia Y, Jiang H, Jing Y, Li D, Li J, Li J, Liang Q, Liang R, Liu F, Liu X, Liu Z, Luo OJ, Lv J, Ma J, Mao K, Nie J, Qiao X, Sun X, Tang X, Wang J, Wang Q, Wang S, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wu R, Xia K, Xiao FH, Xu L, Xu Y, Yan H, Yang L, Yang R, Yang Y, Ying Y, Zhang L, Zhang W, Zhang W, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Zhou M, Zhou R, Zhu Q, Zhu Z, Cao F, Cao Z, Chan P, Chen C, Chen G, Chen HZ, Chen J, Ci W, Ding BS, Ding Q, Gao F, Han JDJ, Huang K, Ju Z, Kong QP, Li J, Li J, Li X, Liu B, Liu F, Liu L, Liu Q, Liu Q, Liu X, Liu Y, Luo X, Ma S, Ma X, Mao Z, Nie J, Peng Y, Qu J, Ren J, Ren R, Song M, Songyang Z, Sun YE, Sun Y, Tian M, Wang S, Wang S, Wang X, Wang X, Wang YJ, Wang Y, Wong CCL, Xiang AP, Xiao Y, Xie Z, Xu D, Ye J, Yue R, Zhang C, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang YW, Zhang Z, Zhao T, Zhao Y, Zhu D, Zou W, Pei G, Liu GH. Biomarkers of aging. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:893-1066. [PMID: 37076725 PMCID: PMC10115486 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Aging biomarkers are a combination of biological parameters to (i) assess age-related changes, (ii) track the physiological aging process, and (iii) predict the transition into a pathological status. Although a broad spectrum of aging biomarkers has been developed, their potential uses and limitations remain poorly characterized. An immediate goal of biomarkers is to help us answer the following three fundamental questions in aging research: How old are we? Why do we get old? And how can we age slower? This review aims to address this need. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of biomarkers developed for cellular, organ, and organismal levels of aging, comprising six pillars: physiological characteristics, medical imaging, histological features, cellular alterations, molecular changes, and secretory factors. To fulfill all these requisites, we propose that aging biomarkers should qualify for being specific, systemic, and clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiani Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Min Chen
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yanhao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yutian Chen
- The Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhiyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Ageing and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jagadish K Chhetri
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yingjie Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junlin Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jun Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chuting He
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yujuan Jia
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Haiping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying Jing
- Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Dingfeng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qinhao Liang
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Organ Transplant Center, NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Feng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zuojun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Oscar Junhong Luo
- Department of Systems Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jianwei Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jingyi Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kehang Mao
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiawei Nie
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), International Center for Aging and Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinhua Qiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xinpei Sun
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qiaoran Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Clinical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Center, Medical Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Yaning Wang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Rimo Wu
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Kai Xia
- Center for Stem Cell Biologyand Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fu-Hui Xiao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haoteng Yan
- Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Liang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Ruici Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuanxin Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yilin Ying
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical Center on Aging of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Gerontology Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430000, China
- Institute of Gerontology, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wenwan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Research Unit of New Techniques for Live-cell Metabolic Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Qingchen Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhengmao Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Zhongwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Piu Chan
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Chang Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Guobing Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Great Bay Area Geroscience Joint Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- Department of Biochemistryand Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Weimin Ci
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Bi-Sen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qiurong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Ageing and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Qing-Peng Kong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Jian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Baohua Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unversity, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Xingguo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Xianghang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Shuai Ma
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xinran Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jing Nie
- The State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yaojin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jie Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Ruibao Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), International Center for Aging and Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- International Center for Aging and Cancer, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Moshi Song
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Zhou Songyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Yi Eve Sun
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Yu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Department of Medicine and VAPSHCS, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Mei Tian
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Shusen Wang
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Organ Transplant Center, NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Si Wang
- Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, The second Medical Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Yunfang Wang
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Center, Medical Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, 102218, China.
| | - Catherine C L Wong
- Clinical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Center for Stem Cell Biologyand Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Zhengwei Xie
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing & Qingdao Langu Pharmaceutical R&D Platform, Beijing Gigaceuticals Tech. Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Daichao Xu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical Center on Aging of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Rui Yue
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Gerontology Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430000, China.
- Institute of Gerontology, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China.
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine of Hunan Province and Center for Medical Genetics, Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Department of Neurosciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Tongbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- Research Unit of New Techniques for Live-cell Metabolic Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Dahai Zhu
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China.
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Gang Pei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Laboratory of Receptor-Based Biomedicine, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200070, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
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9
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Chhabra Y, Weeraratna AT. Fibroblasts in cancer: Unity in heterogeneity. Cell 2023; 186:1580-1609. [PMID: 37059066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells do not exist in isolation in vivo, and carcinogenesis depends on the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), composed of a myriad of cell types and biophysical and biochemical components. Fibroblasts are integral in maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, even before a tumor develops, pro-tumorigenic fibroblasts in close proximity can provide the fertile 'soil' to the cancer 'seed' and are known as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). In response to intrinsic and extrinsic stressors, CAFs reorganize the TME enabling metastasis, therapeutic resistance, dormancy and reactivation by secreting cellular and acellular factors. In this review, we summarize the recent discoveries on CAF-mediated cancer progression with a particular focus on fibroblast heterogeneity and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Chhabra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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10
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Muchenski F, Gonçalves JP, Ribeiro YC, Franco CRC, de Oliveira CC, Marcon BH, Robert A, de Medeiros LCS, de Oliveira RC, de Oliveira AJA, Mattoso N. Temperature influence on NiFeMo nanoparticles magnetic properties and their viability in biomedical applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023. [PMID: 36880533 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
NiFeMo alloy nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation in the presence of organic additives. Nanoparticles thermal evolution shows that there is a significant increase in the average size (from 28 to 60 nm), consolidating a crystalline structure of the same type as the Ni3 Fe phase but with lattice parameter a = 0.362 nm. Measurements of magnetic properties follow this morphological and structural evolution increasing saturation magnetization (Ms) by 578% and reducing remanence magnetization (Mr) by 29%. Cell viability assays on as-synthesized revealed that nanoparticles (NPs) are not cytotoxic up to a concentration of 0.4 μg/mL for both non-tumorigenic (fibroblasts and macrophages) and tumor cells (melanoma).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenifer Pendiuk Gonçalves
- Cell Biology Department, Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/ Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Biological Sciences Sector - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Carla Ribeiro
- Cell Biology Department, Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/ Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Biological Sciences Sector - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Célia Regina Cavichiolo Franco
- Cell Biology Department, Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/ Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Biological Sciences Sector - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Carolina Camargo de Oliveira
- Cell Biology Department, Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/ Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Biological Sciences Sector - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Anny Robert
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto Carlos Chagas (Fiocruz - Paraná), Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Ronei Cardoso de Oliveira
- Physics Department, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Superconductivity and Magnetism Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Adilson Jesus Aparecido de Oliveira
- Physics Department, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Superconductivity and Magnetism Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ney Mattoso
- Physics Department, Exact Sciences Sector, Laboratory of Nanostructured Materials, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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11
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Evano B, Sarde L, Tajbakhsh S. Temporal static and dynamic imaging of skeletal muscle in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2023; 424:113484. [PMID: 36693490 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in the study of living systems is understanding how tissues and organs are established, maintained during homeostasis, reconstituted following injury or deteriorated during disease. Most of the studies that interrogate in vivo cell biological properties of cell populations within tissues are obtained through static imaging approaches. However, in vertebrates, little is known about which, when, and how extracellular and intracellular signals are dynamically integrated to regulate cell behaviour and fates, due largely to technical challenges. Intravital imaging of cellular dynamics in mammalian models has exposed surprising properties that have been missed by conventional static imaging approaches. Here we highlight some selected examples of intravital imaging in mouse intestinal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, and neural stem cells in the brain, each of which have distinct features from an anatomical and niche-architecture perspective. Intravital imaging of mouse skeletal muscles is comparatively less advanced due to several technical constraints that will be discussed, yet this approach holds great promise as a complementary investigative method to validate findings obtained by static imaging, as well as a method for discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Evano
- Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, 75015, France; CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Liza Sarde
- Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, 75015, France; CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France; Sorbonne Université, Complexité Du Vivant, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, 75015, France; CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France.
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12
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Wang S, Li K, Pickholz E, Dobie R, Matchett KP, Henderson NC, Carrico C, Driver I, Jensen MB, Chen L, Petitjean M, Bhattacharya D, Fiel MI, Liu X, Kisseleva T, Alon U, Adler M, Medzhitov R, Friedman SL. An autocrine signaling circuit in hepatic stellate cells underlies advanced fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadd3949. [PMID: 36599008 PMCID: PMC10686705 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add3949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Advanced hepatic fibrosis, driven by the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), affects millions worldwide and is the strongest predictor of mortality in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); however, there are no approved antifibrotic therapies. To identify antifibrotic drug targets, we integrated progressive transcriptomic and morphological responses that accompany HSC activation in advanced disease using single-nucleus RNA sequencing and tissue clearing in a robust murine NASH model. In advanced fibrosis, we found that an autocrine HSC signaling circuit emerged that was composed of 68 receptor-ligand interactions conserved between murine and human NASH. These predicted interactions were supported by the parallel appearance of markedly increased direct stellate cell-cell contacts in murine NASH. As proof of principle, pharmacological inhibition of one such autocrine interaction, neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 3-neurotrophin 3, inhibited human HSC activation in culture and reversed advanced murine NASH fibrosis. In summary, we uncovered a repertoire of antifibrotic drug targets underlying advanced fibrosis in vivo. The findings suggest a therapeutic paradigm in which stage-specific therapies could yield enhanced antifibrotic efficacy in patients with advanced hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kenneth Li
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eliana Pickholz
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ross Dobie
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kylie P. Matchett
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Neil C. Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - Ian Driver
- Gordian Biotechnology, San Francisco CA, 94107, USA
| | | | - Li Chen
- PharmaNest, Inc, Princeton NJ, 08540, USA
| | | | - Dipankar Bhattacharya
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY, 10029, USA
| | - Maria I. Fiel
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY, 10029, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, 92093, USA
| | - Uri Alon
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Miri Adler
- Tananbaum Center for Theoretical and Analytical Human Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 06510, USA
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY, 10029, USA
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13
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Parlani M, Bedell ML, Mikos AG, Friedl P, Dondossola E. Dissecting the recruitment and self-organization of αSMA-positive fibroblasts in the foreign body response. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd0014. [PMID: 36542704 PMCID: PMC9770965 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The foreign body response (FBR) is a clinically relevant issue that can cause malfunction of implanted medical devices by fibrotic encapsulation. Whereas inflammatory aspects of the FBR have been established, underlying fibroblast-dependent mechanisms remain unclear. We here combine multiphoton microscopy with ad hoc reporter mice expressing α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) protein to determine the locoregional fibroblast dynamics, activation, and fibrotic encapsulation of polymeric materials. Fibroblasts invaded as individual cells and established a multicellular network, which transited to a two-compartment fibrotic response displaying an αSMA cold external capsule and a long-lasting, inner αSMA hot environment. The recruitment of fibroblasts and extent of fibrosis were only incompletely inhibited after depletion of macrophages, implicating coexistence of macrophage-dependent and macrophage-independent mediators. Furthermore, neither altering material type or porosity modulated αSMA+ cell recruitment and distribution. This identifies fibroblast activation and network formation toward a two-compartment FBR as a conserved, self-organizing process partially independent of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Parlani
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Matthew L. Bedell
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Antonios G. Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Centre (CGC.nl), 3584 Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Dondossola
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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14
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AKBA Promotes Axonal Regeneration via RhoA/Rictor to Repair Damaged Sciatic Nerve. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415903. [PMID: 36555556 PMCID: PMC9783960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The existing studies by our team demonstrated the pro-recovery effect of 3-Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) on a sciatic nerve injury. To further investigate the role of AKBA in peripheral nerve injury repair, The TMT quantitative proteomics technique was used to obtain differentially significant proteins in a Sham group, Model group, and AKBA group. After that, three time points (5, 14, and 28 d) and four groups (Sham + AKBA, Sham, Model, and AKBA) were set up, and immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and cellular assays were applied to investigate the expression of CDC42, Rac1, RhoA, and Rictor in the sciatic nerve at different time points for each group in more depth. The results showed that AKBA enriched the cellular components of the myelin sheath and axon regeneration after a sciatic nerve injury and that AKBA upregulated CDC42 and Rac1 and downregulated RhoA expression 5 d after a sciatic nerve injury, promoting axon regeneration and improving the repair of a sciatic nerve injury in rats. Rictor is regulated by AKBA and upregulated in PC12 cells after AKBA action. Our findings provide a new basis for AKBA treatment of a peripheral nerve injury.
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15
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Raja E, Changarathil G, Oinam L, Tsunezumi J, Ngo YX, Ishii R, Sasaki T, Imanaka‐Yoshida K, Yanagisawa H, Sada A. The extracellular matrix fibulin 7 maintains epidermal stem cell heterogeneity during skin aging. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55478. [PMID: 36278510 PMCID: PMC9724670 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue stem cells (SCs) divide infrequently as a protective mechanism against internal and external stresses associated with aging. Here, we demonstrate that slow- and fast-cycling SCs in the mouse skin epidermis undergo distinct aging processes. Two years of lineage tracing reveals that Dlx1+ slow-cycling clones expand into the fast-cycling SC territory, while the number of Slc1a3+ fast-cycling clones gradually declines. Transcriptome analysis further indicate that the molecular properties of each SC population are altered with age. Mice lacking fibulin 7, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, show early impairments resembling epidermal SC aging, such as the loss of fast-cycling clones, delayed wound healing, and increased expression of inflammation- and differentiation-related genes. Fibulin 7 interacts with structural ECM and matricellular proteins, and the overexpression of fibulin 7 in primary keratinocytes results in slower proliferation and suppresses differentiation. These results suggest that fibulin 7 plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue resilience and epidermal SC heterogeneity during skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Raja
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA)University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Gopakumar Changarathil
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA)University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Lalhaba Oinam
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA)University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
- School of Integrative and Global MajorsUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Jun Tsunezumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyushu University of Health and WelfareMiyazakiJapan
| | - Yen Xuan Ngo
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA)University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
- School of Integrative and Global MajorsUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Ryutaro Ishii
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA)University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Takako Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry IIOita UniversityOitaJapan
| | - Kyoko Imanaka‐Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix BiologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineMieJapan
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA)University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Aiko Sada
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA)University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
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16
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Thompson EL, Pitcher LE, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD. Targeting Cellular Senescence with Senotherapeutics: Development of New Approaches for Skin Care. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 150:12S-19S. [PMID: 36170431 PMCID: PMC9529240 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000009668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Aging of the skin is evidenced by increased wrinkles, age spots, dryness, and thinning with decreased elasticity. Extrinsic and intrinsic factors including UV, pollution, and inflammation lead to an increase in senescent cells (SnCs) in skin with age that contribute to these observed pathological changes. Cellular senescence is induced by multiple types of damage and stress and is characterized by the irreversible exit from the cell cycle with upregulation of cell cycle-dependent kinase inhibitors p16INK4a and p21CIP1. Most SnCs also developed an inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that drives further pathology through paracrine effects on neighboring cells and endocrine effects on cells at a distance. Recently, compounds able to kill senescent cells specifically, termed senolytics, or suppress the SASP, termed senomorphics, have been developed that have the potential to improve skin aging as well as systemic aging in general. Here, we provide a summary of the evidence for a key role in cellular senescence in driving skin aging. In addition, the evidence for the potential application of senotherapeutics for skin treatments is presented. Overall, topical, and possibly oral senotherapeutic treatments have tremendous potential to eventually become a standard of care for skin aging and related skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Thompson
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota
| | - Louise E Pitcher
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota
| | - Paul D Robbins
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota
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17
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The landscape of aging. SCIENCE CHINA LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:2354-2454. [PMID: 36066811 PMCID: PMC9446657 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological integrity, leading to impaired functional ability and ultimately increased susceptibility to death. It is a major risk factor for chronic human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurological degeneration, and cancer. Therefore, the growing emphasis on “healthy aging” raises a series of important questions in life and social sciences. In recent years, there has been unprecedented progress in aging research, particularly the discovery that the rate of aging is at least partly controlled by evolutionarily conserved genetic pathways and biological processes. In an attempt to bring full-fledged understanding to both the aging process and age-associated diseases, we review the descriptive, conceptual, and interventive aspects of the landscape of aging composed of a number of layers at the cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal levels.
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18
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Ganier C, Rognoni E, Goss G, Lynch M, Watt FM. Fibroblast Heterogeneity in Healthy and Wounded Skin. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2022; 14:a041238. [PMID: 35667795 PMCID: PMC9248828 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are the main cell type in the dermis. They are responsible for the synthesis and deposition of structural proteins such as collagen and elastin, which are integrated into the extracellular matrix (ECM). Mouse and human studies using flow cytometry, cell culture, skin reconstitution, and lineage tracing experiments have shown the existence of different subpopulations of fibroblasts, including papillary fibroblasts, reticular fibroblasts, and fibroblasts comprising the dermal papilla at the base of the hair follicle. In recent years, the technological advances in single-cell sequencing have allowed researchers to study the repertoire of cells present in full-thickness skin including the dermis. Multiple groups have confirmed that distinct fibroblast populations can be identified in mouse and human dermis on the basis of differences in the transcriptional profile. Here, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding dermal fibroblast heterogeneity in healthy mouse and human skin, highlighting the similarities and differences between mouse and human fibroblast subpopulations. We also discuss how fibroblast heterogeneity may provide insights into physiological wound healing and its dysfunction in pathological states such as hypertrophic and keloid scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Ganier
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuel Rognoni
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Goss
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Magnus Lynch
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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19
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Lyu Y, Ge Y. Toward Elucidating Epigenetic and Metabolic Regulation of Stem Cell Lineage Plasticity in Skin Aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:903904. [PMID: 35663405 PMCID: PMC9160930 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ in human body, harboring a plethora of cell types and serving as the organismal barrier. Skin aging such as wrinkling and hair graying is graphically pronounced, and the molecular mechanisms behind these phenotypic manifestations are beginning to unfold. As in many other organs and tissues, epigenetic and metabolic deregulations have emerged as key aging drivers. Particularly in the context of the skin epithelium, the epigenome and metabolome coordinately shape lineage plasticity and orchestrate stem cell function during aging. Our review discusses recent studies that proposed molecular mechanisms that drive the degeneration of hair follicles, a major appendage of the skin. By focusing on skin while comparing it to model organisms and adult stem cells of other tissues, we summarize literature on genotoxic stress, nutritional sensing, metabolic rewiring, mitochondrial activity, and epigenetic regulations of stem cell plasticity. Finally, we speculate about the rejuvenation potential of rate-limiting upstream signals during aging and the dominant role of the tissue microenvironment in dictating aged epithelial stem cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yejing Ge
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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20
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Kim JY, Park M, Ohn J, Seong RH, Chung JH, Kim KH, Jo SJ, Kwon O. Twist2-driven chromatin remodeling governs the postnatal maturation of dermal fibroblasts. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110821. [PMID: 35584664 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts lose stem cell potency after birth, which prevents regenerative healing. However, the underlying intracellular mechanisms are largely unknown. We uncover the postnatal maturation of papillary fibroblasts (PFs) driven by the extensive Twist2-mediated remodeling of chromatin accessibility. A loss of the regenerative ability of postnatal PFs occurs with decreased H3K27ac levels. Single-cell transcriptomics, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq), and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) reveal the postnatal maturation trajectory associated with the loss of the regenerative trajectory in PFs, which is characterized by a marked decrease in chromatin accessibility and H3K27ac modifications. Histone deacetylase inhibition delays spontaneous chromatin remodeling, thus maintaining the regenerative ability of postnatal PFs. Genomic analysis identifies Twist2 as a major regulator within chromatin regions with decreased accessibility during the postnatal period. When Twist2 is genetically deleted in dermal fibroblasts, the intracellular cascade of postnatal maturation is significantly delayed. Our findings reveal the comprehensive intracellular mechanisms underlying intrinsic postnatal changes in dermal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yong Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York 10032, NY, USA
| | - Minji Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jungyoon Ohn
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Rho Hyun Seong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Kyu Han Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Jo
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Ohsang Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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21
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Rognoni E, Goss G, Hiratsuka T, Sipilä KH, Kirk T, Kober KI, Lui PP, Tsang VS, Hawkshaw NJ, Pilkington SM, Cho I, Ali N, Rhodes LE, Watt FM. Role of distinct fibroblast lineages and immune cells in dermal repair following UV radiation induced tissue damage. eLife 2021; 10:71052. [PMID: 34939928 PMCID: PMC8747514 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a major source of skin damage, resulting in inflammation, premature ageing, and cancer. While several UVR-induced changes, including extracellular matrix reorganisation and epidermal DNA damage, have been documented, the role of different fibroblast lineages and their communication with immune cells has not been explored. We show that acute and chronic UVR exposure led to selective loss of fibroblasts from the upper dermis in human and mouse skin. Lineage tracing and in vivo live imaging revealed that repair following acute UVR is predominantly mediated by papillary fibroblast proliferation and fibroblast reorganisation occurs with minimal migration. In contrast, chronic UVR exposure led to a permanent loss of papillary fibroblasts, with expansion of fibroblast membrane protrusions partially compensating for the reduction in cell number. Although UVR strongly activated Wnt signalling in skin, stimulation of fibroblast proliferation by epidermal β-catenin stabilisation did not enhance papillary dermis repair. Acute UVR triggered an infiltrate of neutrophils and T cell subpopulations and increased pro-inflammatory prostaglandin signalling in skin. Depletion of CD4- and CD8-positive cells resulted in increased papillary fibroblast depletion, which correlated with an increase in DNA damage, pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, and reduction in fibroblast proliferation. Conversely, topical COX-2 inhibition prevented fibroblast depletion and neutrophil infiltration after UVR. We conclude that loss of papillary fibroblasts is primarily induced by a deregulated inflammatory response, with infiltrating T cells supporting fibroblast survival upon UVR-induced environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Rognoni
- Centre for Endocrinology, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Goss
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Toru Hiratsuka
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kalle H Sipilä
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Kirk
- Centre for Endocrinology, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina I Kober
- Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Prudence PokWai Lui
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Sk Tsang
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan J Hawkshaw
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne M Pilkington
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Inchul Cho
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niwa Ali
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley E Rhodes
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Ikehata H, Yamamoto M. Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers Produced with Narrowband UVB Are on Average More Mutagenic than Those with Broadband UVB in Mouse Skin. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:916-924. [PMID: 34843117 DOI: 10.1111/php.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) has replaced broadband UVB (BB-UVB) because of its greater effectiveness in dermatological phototherapy, it is twice as carcinogenic as BB-UVB at an equivalent inflammatory dose. To clarify the basis of the different genotoxicities, we comparatively evaluated the mutagenicities in mouse skin of the two UVB types along with their efficiencies in the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), which is a major mutagenic DNA photolesion specifically produced by UVR. We found that the mutagenicity averaged per single molecule of CPD was 2.5- and 1.8-fold higher in NB-UVB-exposed epidermis and dermis, respectively, which indicates that NB-UVB is more mutagenic for the skin than BB-UVB at doses producing an equimolar amount of CPD. Analysis of effective wavelengths for UV photolesion formation with each UVB source revealed a remarkable difference in the peak effective wavelengths for CPD formation: 15 nm longer for NB-UVB in the epidermis. Although the analysis of mutation profiles showed largely similar UV-specific signatures between the two UVB types, a relatively stronger preference for UVA-specific mutations was observed for NB-UVB. These results suggest that the difference in the effective wavelengths for CPD formation leads to the different mutagenicities and carcinogenicities between the UVB sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Ikehata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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23
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Picerno A, Stasi A, Franzin R, Curci C, di Bari I, Gesualdo L, Sallustio F. Why stem/progenitor cells lose their regenerative potential. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1714-1732. [PMID: 34909119 PMCID: PMC8641024 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it is clear that adult stem cells, also called as tissue stem cells, play a central role to repair and maintain the tissue in which they reside by their self-renewal ability and capacity of differentiating into distinct and specialized cells. As stem cells age, their renewal ability declines and their capacity to maintain organ homeostasis and regeneration is impaired. From a molecular perspective, these changes in stem cells properties can be due to several types of cell intrinsic injury and DNA aberrant alteration (i.e epigenomic profile) as well as changes in the tissue microenviroment, both into the niche and by systemic circulating factors. Strikingly, it has been suggested that aging-induced deterioration of stem cell functions may play a key role in the pathophysiology of the various aging-associated disorders. Therefore, understanding how resident stem cell age and affects near and distant tissues is fundamental. Here, we examine the current knowledge about aging mechanisms in several kinds of adult stem cells under physiological and pathological conditions and the principal aging-related changes in number, function and phenotype that determine the loss of tissue renewal properties. Furthermore, we examine the possible cell rejuvenation strategies. Stem cell rejuvenation may reverse the aging phenotype and the discovery of effective methods for inducing and differentiating pluripotent stem cells for cell replacement therapies could open up new possibilities for treating age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Picerno
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Rossana Franzin
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Claudia Curci
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Ighli di Bari
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Fabio Sallustio
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
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24
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Pils V, Ring N, Valdivieso K, Lämmermann I, Gruber F, Schosserer M, Grillari J, Ogrodnik M. Promises and challenges of senolytics in skin regeneration, pathology and ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111588. [PMID: 34678388 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The research of the last two decades has defined a crucial role of cellular senescence in both the physiology and pathology of skin, and senescent cells have been detected in conditions including development, regeneration, aging, and disease. The pathophysiology of cellular senescence in skin is complex as the phenotype of senescence pertains to several different cell types including fibroblasts, keratinocytes and melanocytes, among others. Paradoxically, the transient presence of senescent cells is believed to be beneficial in the context of development and wound healing, while the chronic presence of senescent cells is detrimental in the context of aging, diseases, and chronic wounds, which afflict predominantly the elderly. Identifying strategies to prevent senescence induction or reduce senescent burden in the skin could broadly benefit the aging population. Senolytics, drugs known to specifically eliminate senescent cells while preserving non-senescent cells, are being intensively studied for use in the clinical setting. Here, we review recent research on skin senescence, on the methods for the detection of senescent cells and describe promises and challenges related to the application of senolytic drugs. This article is part of the Special Issue - Senolytics - Edited by Joao Passos and Diana Jurk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Pils
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Ring
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karla Valdivieso
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingo Lämmermann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE, Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Skin Multimodal Imaging of Aging and Senescence - SKINMAGINE, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannnes Grillari
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mikolaj Ogrodnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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25
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Molekularne mechanizmy działania czynnika transkrypcyjnego FOXN1 w skórze. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2021-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstrakt
Artykuł jest przeglądem wyników badań dotyczących funkcji i mechanizmu działania czynnika transkrypcyjnego FOXN1. Lokalizacja FOXN1 u przedstawicieli wszystkich ssaków ogranicza się do nabłonka tylko dwóch organów: skóry i grasicy. W skórze FOXN1 stymuluje różnicowanie się keratynocytów, reguluje proces pigmentacji i bierze udział w rozwoju włosów. W skórze objętej urazem FOXN1 jest zaangażowany w bliznowy proces gojenia poprzez udział w reepitelializacji oraz w procesie przejścia epitelialno-mezenchymalnego (epithelial-mesenchymal transition; EMT). Pozbawione aktywnego czynnika transkrypcyjnego FOXN1 dorosłe myszy (Foxn1-/-) goją urazy skórne w unikalnym, charakterystycznym jedynie dla płodów ssaków, procesie bezbliznowej (scar-free) regeneracji. Analiza porównawcza transkryptomów skóry: dorosłych myszy Foxn1-/- oraz skóry płodów myszy (14. dzień rozwoju płodowego) wykazała istotne podobieństwa w ekspresji genów związanych przede wszystkim z przebudową tkanek, budową cytoszkieletu, gojeniem urazów, odpowiedzią immunologiczną oraz różnicowaniem. Wyniki te wskazują, iż FOXN1 może być głównym elementem szlaku sygnałowego na drodze tzw. punktu tranzycyjnego czyli przejścia z etapu gojenia bezbliznowego (płodowego) do bliznowego (dorosłego) w trakcie rozwoju płodowego.
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26
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Cao H, Wang W, Xiao J, Huang D, Gao Y, Zhu D. Comparison of two methods for isolation and culture of human foreskin fibroblasts. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 46:800-808. [PMID: 34565722 PMCID: PMC10929966 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.200431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The efficient acquisition and purification of fibroblasts as ideal seed cells are very important. For optimization of the isolation and culture of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF), we compared the improved tissue culture method (ITCM) and the enzyme digestion method (EDM). METHODS In ITCM, the skin tissue was digested with 0.1% Type II collagenase overnight at 4 ℃, the epidermis was separated from the dermis and digested again with 0.25% trypsin at room temperature for 15 min, and then the tissue block was attached to the culture dish. In EDM, the skin tissue was digested with 0.25% trypsin overnight at 4 ℃, the epidermis was separated from the dermis and digested with 0.1% Type II collagenase overnight at 4 ℃, the tissue block was filtered and squeezed together with the enzyme mixture, the filter was rinsed with medium containing fetal bovine serum, and the cell suspension was cultured. Both ITCM and EDM used 2 digestion enzymes, but the order, digestion time, and temperature of the 2 enzymes were different. The final inoculations of ITCM and EDM in the dishes for subsequent culture were tissue blocks and cell suspensions, respectively. In this study, HFF cells were isolated and cultured with ITCM and EDM, and the cell morphology was observed from Passage 0 to Passage 3 in the ITCM and EDM groups. The cell purity was identified by staining for vimentin, CD68, and Pan-keratin. The growth curves of Passage 3 were plotted to compare the proliferation ability of the 2 groups. Passage 3 HFF cells in the ITCM and EDM groups were irradiated with medium-wave ultraviolet (UVB) at an energy value of 120 mJ/cm2 to establish a light damage model. The experiments were grouped into an UVB group and a control group (Control) according to the presence or absence of UVB irradiation. Platelet-poor plasma (PPP) was extracted by secondary centrifugation, and the HFF cells of ITCM and EDM groups were cultured in groups using complete medium containing different concentrations (0, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0%) of PPP, and the proliferation of damaged cells was detected by cell counting kit-8 after 24 h of PPP incubation. RESULTS A large number of HFF could be observed in the ITCM group up to day 3, which was less affected by impurities; the observation of HFF morphology in the EDM group was affected by more impurities. By day 9, cells in both ITCM and EDM groups could be passaged; HFF isolated and cultured in vitro by the 2 methods showed long spindle-shaped, swirling growth. The positive rates of vimentin in the ITCM and EDM groups when HFF cells were cultured up to Passage 2 were significantly different [(97.36±0.76)% vs (99.4±0.56)%, P<0.01)]. The positive rates of CD68 were also significantly different [(70.8±0.46)% vs (78.37±0.75)%, P<0.01]. The expressions of pan-keratin in the ITCM group and the EDM group were positive and negative, respectively. There was no difference in vimentin and pan-keratin staining results between the ITCM group and the EDM group when HFF were cultured to Passage 3. The positive rates of CD68 between the ITCM group and the EDM group were significantly different [(74.73±1.37)% vs (85.27±2.63)%, P<0.001]. The proliferative capacity of HFF cells in Passage 3 was significantly higher in the EDM group than that in the ITCM group (P<0.05). After UVB (120 mJ/cm2) irradiation, HFFs procured by the 2 isolation methods showed damage. The damage repair test demonstrated that the 2.5% PPP+UVB irradiation group showed significantly higher repair competence than the other groups (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In contrast with HFFs isolated via ITCM, HFF cells isolated by EDM have a faster purification rate and a stronger proliferative capacity. Therapy with PPP can moderately repair UVB-induced damage to HFFs. The results provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China.
| | - Jingchuan Xiao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208
| | - Denggao Huang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208
| | - Yuanhui Gao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208
| | - Dan Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208
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27
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Pereira D, Sequeira I. A Scarless Healing Tale: Comparing Homeostasis and Wound Healing of Oral Mucosa With Skin and Oesophagus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682143. [PMID: 34381771 PMCID: PMC8350526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues are the most rapidly dividing tissues in the body, holding a natural ability for renewal and regeneration. This ability is crucial for survival as epithelia are essential to provide the ultimate barrier against the external environment, protecting the underlying tissues. Tissue stem and progenitor cells are responsible for self-renewal and repair during homeostasis and following injury. Upon wounding, epithelial tissues undergo different phases of haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodelling, often resulting in fibrosis and scarring. In this review, we explore the phenotypic differences between the skin, the oesophagus and the oral mucosa. We discuss the plasticity of these epithelial stem cells and contribution of different fibroblast subpopulations for tissue regeneration and wound healing. While these epithelial tissues share global mechanisms of stem cell behaviour for tissue renewal and regeneration, the oral mucosa is known for its outstanding healing potential with minimal scarring. We aim to provide an updated review of recent studies that combined cell therapy with bioengineering exporting the unique scarless properties of the oral mucosa to improve skin and oesophageal wound healing and to reduce fibrotic tissue formation. These advances open new avenues toward the ultimate goal of achieving scarless wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inês Sequeira
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Wu Z, Hai E, Di Z, Ma R, Shang F, Wang M, Liang L, Rong Y, Pan J, Su R, Wang Z, Wang R, Zhang Y, Li J. Chi-miR-130b-3p regulates Inner Mongolia cashmere goat skin hair follicles in fetuses by targeting Wnt family member 10A. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6029023. [PMID: 33561234 PMCID: PMC8022718 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of hair follicles (HFs) is dependent on interactions between epithelial cells and dermal fibroblasts, which may play an important role in maintaining the structure of HFs during their development and maturation. Wnt family member 10 (WNT10A) is a hub gene during HF development and maturation that may regulate the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts and epithelial cells through microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to maintain the structural stability of HFs. In the present study, we confirmed that WNT10A is the target gene of chi-miR-130b-3p by real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting, and a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. We successfully cultured fetal epithelial cells and dermal fibroblasts using the tissue block attachment method, and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) results showed that chi-miR-130b-3p regulates epithelial cell and dermal fibroblast proliferation by targeting WNT10A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Wu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Erhan Hai
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhengyang Di
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Rong Ma
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Fangzheng Shang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lili Liang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Youjun Rong
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jianfeng Pan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Rui Su
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ruijun Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China.,Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.,Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot 010018, China
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29
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Franklin RA. Fibroblasts and macrophages: Collaborators in tissue homeostasis. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:86-103. [PMID: 34101202 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts and macrophages are universal cell types across all mammalian tissues. These cells differ in many ways including their cellular origins; dynamics of renewal, recruitment, and motility within tissues; roles in tissue structure and secretion of signaling molecules; and contributions to the activation and progression of immune responses. However, many of the features that make these two cell types unique are not opposing, but instead complementary. This review will present cell-cell communication in this context and discuss how complementarity makes fibroblasts and macrophages highly compatible partners in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Franklin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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30
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Distinct fibroblasts in scars and regeneration. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 70:7-14. [PMID: 34022662 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The skin is home to a collection of fibroblastic cell types from varying embryonic origins. These varying fibroblastic lineages display unique genetic programs and in vivo functions. Studying the diversity of fibroblastic cells is emerging as an important area for cutaneous biology, wound repair and regenerative medicine. In this mini-review we discuss the distinct embryonic origins, microenvironments, and transcriptomic profiles of fibroblastic lineages, and how these varying lineages shape the skin's wound response across injury depths, anatomic locations, and developmental time to promote either scarring or regeneration. We outline how the development of single cell sequencing has led to our improved understanding of fibroblastic lineages at the molecular level and discuss existing challenges and future outlook on developing regenerative therapies that are based on this emerging field of eclectic fibroblasts.
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31
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Mascharak S, desJardins-Park HE, Davitt MF, Griffin M, Borrelli MR, Moore AL, Chen K, Duoto B, Chinta M, Foster DS, Shen AH, Januszyk M, Kwon SH, Wernig G, Wan DC, Lorenz HP, Gurtner GC, Longaker MT. Preventing Engrailed-1 activation in fibroblasts yields wound regeneration without scarring. Science 2021; 372:372/6540/eaba2374. [PMID: 33888614 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skin scarring, the end result of adult wound healing, is detrimental to tissue form and function. Engrailed-1 lineage-positive fibroblasts (EPFs) are known to function in scarring, but Engrailed-1 lineage-negative fibroblasts (ENFs) remain poorly characterized. Using cell transplantation and transgenic mouse models, we identified a dermal ENF subpopulation that gives rise to postnatally derived EPFs by activating Engrailed-1 expression during adult wound healing. By studying ENF responses to substrate mechanics, we found that mechanical tension drives Engrailed-1 activation via canonical mechanotransduction signaling. Finally, we showed that blocking mechanotransduction signaling with either verteporfin, an inhibitor of Yes-associated protein (YAP), or fibroblast-specific transgenic YAP knockout prevents Engrailed-1 activation and promotes wound regeneration by ENFs, with recovery of skin appendages, ultrastructure, and mechanical strength. This finding suggests that there are two possible outcomes to postnatal wound healing: a fibrotic response (EPF-mediated) and a regenerative response (ENF-mediated).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamik Mascharak
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Heather E desJardins-Park
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael F Davitt
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michelle Griffin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mimi R Borrelli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alessandra L Moore
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kellen Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bryan Duoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Malini Chinta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Deshka S Foster
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Abra H Shen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Januszyk
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sun Hyung Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gerlinde Wernig
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Derrick C Wan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - H Peter Lorenz
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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32
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Park S, Matte-Martone C, Gonzalez DG, Lathrop EA, May DP, Pineda CM, Moore JL, Boucher JD, Marsh E, Schmitter-Sánchez A, Cockburn K, Markova O, Bellaïche Y, Greco V. Skin-resident immune cells actively coordinate their distribution with epidermal cells during homeostasis. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:476-484. [PMID: 33958758 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Organs consist of multiple cell types that ensure proper architecture and function. How different cell types coexist and interact to maintain their homeostasis in vivo remains elusive. The skin epidermis comprises mostly epithelial cells, but also harbours Langerhans cells (LCs) and dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs). Whether and how distributions of LCs and DETCs are regulated during homeostasis is unclear. Here, by tracking individual cells in the skin of live adult mice over time, we show that LCs and DETCs actively maintain a non-random spatial distribution despite continuous turnover of neighbouring basal epithelial cells. Moreover, the density of epithelial cells regulates the composition of LCs and DETCs in the epidermis. Finally, LCs require the GTPase Rac1 to maintain their positional stability, density and tiling pattern reminiscent of neuronal self-avoidance. We propose that these cellular mechanisms provide the epidermis with an optimal response to environmental insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangbum Park
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - David G Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Dennis P May
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Jessica L Moore
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Edward Marsh
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Axel Schmitter-Sánchez
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Katie Cockburn
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Olga Markova
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Yohanns Bellaïche
- Génétique et Biologie du Développement, Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris, France
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Huang Q, Garrett A, Bose S, Blocker S, Rios AC, Clevers H, Shen X. The frontier of live tissue imaging across space and time. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:603-622. [PMID: 33798422 PMCID: PMC8034393 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
What you see is what you get-imaging techniques have long been essential for visualization and understanding of tissue development, homeostasis, and regeneration, which are driven by stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Advances in molecular and tissue modeling techniques in the last decade are providing new imaging modalities to explore tissue heterogeneity and plasticity. Here we describe current state-of-the-art imaging modalities for tissue research at multiple scales, with a focus on explaining key tradeoffs such as spatial resolution, penetration depth, capture time/frequency, and moieties. We explore emerging tissue modeling and molecular tools that improve resolution, specificity, and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004 Shaanxi, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Aliesha Garrett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shree Bose
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Stephanie Blocker
- Center for In Vitro Microscopy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Anne C Rios
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands; Department of Cancer Research, Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands; Department of Cancer Research, Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Connective Tissue and Fibroblast Senescence in Skin Aging. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:985-992. [PMID: 33563466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that skin aging is significantly enforced by the accumulation of senescent dermal fibroblasts. Various stressors damaging macromolecules inside and outside fibroblasts are responsible. In addition, NK cells fail to adequately remove senescent (SEN) fibroblasts from tissues. SEN fibroblasts by the release of the proinflammatory, tissue degrading senescent-associated secretory phenotype factors and vesicles with distinct cargo impact on their endogenous niche and spread senescence and skin aging. In this review, we will further discuss less noticed facets, including the plasticity of distinct dermal fibroblast phenotypes, the underestimated impact of the extracellular matrix itself, and the depletion of fibroblast subsets on skin homeostasis and aging.
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Luo G, Sun Y, Zhang J, Xu Z, Lu W, Wang H, Zhang Y, Li H, Mao Z, Ye S, Cheng B, Fang X. Nanodefensin-encased hydrogel with dual bactericidal and pro-regenerative functions for advanced wound therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3642-3660. [PMID: 33664853 PMCID: PMC7914350 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Host defense peptides (HDPs) have emerged as a novel therapeutic paradigm for wound management; however, their clinical applications remain a challenge owing to their poor pharmacological properties and lack of suitable pharmaceutical formulations. Nanodefensin (ND), a nanoengineered human α-defensin 5 (HD5), has shown improved pharmacological properties relative to the parent compound. In this study, we engineered a nanodefensin-encased hydrogel (NDEFgel), investigated the effects of NDEFgel on wound healing, and elucidated underlying mechanisms. Method: ND was chemically synthesized and tested functions by in vitro antimicrobial and scratch assays and western blotting. Different NDEFgels were evaluated by in vitro characterizations including degradation, drug release and antimicrobial activity. In full-thickness excisional murine models, the optimal NDEFgel was directly applied onto wound sites, and the efficacy was assessed. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms of pro-regenerative effect developed by NDEFgel were also explored. Results: Apart from bactericidal effects, ND modulated fibroblast behaviors by promoting migration and differentiation. Among the tested hydrogels, the Pluronic F127 (Plu) hydrogel represented the most desirable carrier for ND delivery owing to its favorable controlled release and compatibility with ND. Local treatment of NDEFgel on the wound bed resulted in accelerated wound regeneration and attenuated bacterial burden. We further demonstrated that NDEFgel therapy significantly upregulated genes related to collagen deposition and fibroblasts, and increased the expression of myofibroblasts and Rac1. We therefore found that Rac1 is a critical factor in the ND-induced modulation of fibroblast behaviors in vitro through a Rac1-dependent cytoskeletal rearrangement. Conclusion: Our results indicate that NDEFgel may be a promising dual-action therapeutic option for advanced wound management in the future.
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Gonçalves JP, de Oliveira CC, da Silva Trindade E, Riegel-Vidotti IC, Vidotti M, Simas FF. In vitro biocompatibility screening of a colloidal gum Arabic-polyaniline conducting nanocomposite. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:109-117. [PMID: 33476624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although polyaniline (PANI) is a widely investigated conductive polymer for biological applications, studies addressing the biocompatibility of colloidal PANI dispersions are scarcely found in the literature of the area. Therefore, PANI nanoparticles stabilized by the natural polysaccharide gum Arabic (GA) were screened for their biocompatibility. The GA successfully stabilized the colloidal PANI-GA dispersions when exposed to a protein-rich medium, showing compatibility with the biological environment. The results obtained from a series of in vitro assays showed that, after up to 48 h of exposure to a range of PANI-GA concentrations (1-50 μg/mL), both mouse BALB/3T3 fibroblasts and RAW 264.7 macrophages showed no evidence of change in cellular proliferation, viability and metabolic activity. An increase in macrophage granularity poses as evidence of phagocytic uptake of PANI-GA, without resulting activation of this cell type. Additionally, the PANI-GA nanoparticles modulated the cell morphology changes induced on fibroblasts by GA in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, this unprecedented biocompatibility study of PANI nanoparticles stabilized by a plant gum exudate polysaccharide showed promising results. This simple biomaterial might be further developed into colloidal formulations for biological and biomedical applications, taking advantage of its versatility, biocompatibility, and conductive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Pendiuk Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina Camargo de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo da Silva Trindade
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Izabel Cristina Riegel-Vidotti
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Research Group, Department of Chemistry, UFPR, Av Cel Francisco H dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcio Vidotti
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Research Group, Department of Chemistry, UFPR, Av Cel Francisco H dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fogagnoli Simas
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells/Laboratory of Sulfated Polysaccharides Investigation, Cell Biology Department, Section of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Av Cel Francisco H dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Macromolecules and Interfaces Research Group, Department of Chemistry, UFPR, Av Cel Francisco H dos Santos, s/n, CEP 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Biffi G, Tuveson DA. Diversity and Biology of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:147-176. [PMID: 32466724 PMCID: PMC7864232 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00048.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 170.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Efforts to develop anti-cancer therapies have largely focused on targeting the epithelial compartment, despite the presence of non-neoplastic stromal components that substantially contribute to the progression of the tumor. Indeed, cancer cell survival, growth, migration, and even dormancy are influenced by the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME). Within the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been shown to play several roles in the development of a tumor. They secrete growth factors, inflammatory ligands, and extracellular matrix proteins that promote cancer cell proliferation, therapy resistance, and immune exclusion. However, recent work indicates that CAFs may also restrain tumor progression in some circumstances. In this review, we summarize the body of work on CAFs, with a particular focus on the most recent discoveries about fibroblast heterogeneity, plasticity, and functions. We also highlight the commonalities of fibroblasts present across different cancer types, and in normal and inflammatory states. Finally, we present the latest advances regarding therapeutic strategies targeting CAFs that are undergoing preclinical and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Biffi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York; Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York; and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York; Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York; and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Marino GE, Weeraratna AT. A glitch in the matrix: Age‐dependent changes in the extracellular matrix facilitate common sites of metastasis. AGING AND CANCER 2020; 1:19-29. [PMID: 35694033 PMCID: PMC9187055 DOI: 10.1002/aac2.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria E. Marino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland
- Department of Oncology Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland
| | - Ashani T. Weeraratna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland
- Department of Oncology Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland
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39
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Worthen CA, Cui Y, Orringer JS, Johnson TM, Voorhees JJ, Fisher GJ. CD26 Identifies a Subpopulation of Fibroblasts that Produce the Majority of Collagen during Wound Healing in Human Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2515-2524.e3. [PMID: 32407715 PMCID: PMC7655599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts produce collagens and other proteins that form the bulk of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissues. Emerging data point to functional heterogeneity of fibroblasts. However, the lack of subtype-specific markers hinders our understanding of the different roles of fibroblasts in ECM biology, wound healing, diseases, and aging. We have investigated the utility of the cell surface protein CD26 to identify functionally distinct fibroblast subpopulations in human skin. Using flow cytometry and immunohistology, we found that CD26, in combination with the cell surface glycoprotein CD90, identifies a distinct subpopulation of cells, which express relatively high levels of COL1A1, a hallmark of fibroblasts. Importantly, the population of CD26+ fibroblasts is selectively increased after wounding of human skin. These cells account for the majority of COL1A1 expression during the ECM remodeling phase of healing. The proportion of CD26+ fibroblasts in the skin of young and aged individuals is similar, indicating that the loss of collagen production during aging does not involve selective reduction of CD26+ fibroblasts. In culture, the majority of freshly isolated CD26- fibroblasts gain expression of CD26+. Taken together, these data provide a foundation for targeting CD26+ fibroblasts to modulate wound healing in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christal A Worthen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yilei Cui
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Orringer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Timothy M Johnson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John J Voorhees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gary J Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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40
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Leavitt T, Hu MS, Borrelli MR, Januszyk M, Garcia JT, Ransom RC, Mascharak S, desJardins-Park HE, Litzenburger UM, Walmsley GG, Marshall CD, Moore AL, Duoto B, Adem S, Foster DS, Salhotra A, Shen AH, Griffin M, Shen EZ, Barnes LA, Zielins ER, Maan ZN, Wei Y, Chan CKF, Wan DC, Lorenz HP, Chang HY, Gurtner GC, Longaker MT. Prrx1 Fibroblasts Represent a Pro-fibrotic Lineage in the Mouse Ventral Dermis. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108356. [PMID: 33176144 PMCID: PMC7742512 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast heterogeneity has been shown within the unwounded mouse dorsal dermis, with fibroblast subpopulations being identified according to anatomical location and embryonic lineage. Using lineage tracing, we demonstrate that paired related homeobox 1 (Prrx1)-expressing fibroblasts are responsible for acute and chronic fibroses in the ventral dermis. Single-cell transcriptomics further corroborated the inherent fibrotic characteristics of Prrx1 fibroblasts during wound repair. In summary, we identify and characterize a fibroblast subpopulation in the mouse ventral dermis with intrinsic scar-forming potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripp Leavitt
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael S Hu
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mimi R Borrelli
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Januszyk
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julia T Garcia
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ryan C Ransom
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shamik Mascharak
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Heather E desJardins-Park
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ulrike M Litzenburger
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Graham G Walmsley
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Clement D Marshall
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alessandra L Moore
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bryan Duoto
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sandeep Adem
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Deshka S Foster
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ankit Salhotra
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Abra H Shen
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michelle Griffin
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ethan Z Shen
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leandra A Barnes
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Zielins
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zeshaan N Maan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuning Wei
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charles K F Chan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Derrick C Wan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hermann P Lorenz
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Bhoopalam M, Garza LA, Reddy SK. Wound Induced Hair Neogenesis - A Novel Paradigm for Studying Regeneration and Aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:582346. [PMID: 33178696 PMCID: PMC7593594 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.582346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair follicles are the signature dermal appendage of mammals. They can be thought of as mini-organs with defined polarity, distinct constituent cell types, dedicated neurovascular supply, and specific stem cell compartments. Strikingly, some mammals show a capacity for adult hair follicle regeneration in a phenomenon known as wound-induced hair neogenesis (WIHN). In WIHN functional hair follicles reemerge during healing of large cutaneous wounds, and they can be counted to provide an index of regeneration. While age-related decline in hair follicle number and cycling are widely appreciated in normal physiology, it is less clear whether hair follicle regeneration also diminishes with age. WIHN provides an extraordinary quantitative system to address questions of mammalian regeneration and aging. Here we review cellular and molecular underpinnings of WIHN, explore known age-related changes to these elements, and present unanswered questions for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myan Bhoopalam
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Luis A Garza
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sashank K Reddy
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) maintain tissue homeostasis and repair wounds. Despite marked variation in tissue architecture and regenerative demands, SCs often follow similar paradigms in communicating with their microenvironmental "niche" to transition between quiescent and regenerative states. Here we use skin epithelium and skeletal muscle-among the most highly-stressed tissues in our body-to highlight similarities and differences in niche constituents and how SCs mediate natural tissue rejuvenation and perform regenerative acts prompted by injuries. We discuss how these communication networks break down during aging and how understanding tissue SCs has led to major advances in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Helen M Blau
- Baxter Foundation Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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43
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Choi YJ. Shedding Light on the Effects of Calorie Restriction and its Mimetics on Skin Biology. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051529. [PMID: 32456324 PMCID: PMC7284700 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the aging process of an organism, the skin gradually loses its structural and functional characteristics. The skin becomes more fragile and vulnerable to damage, which may contribute to age-related diseases and even death. Skin aging is aggravated by the fact that the skin is in direct contact with extrinsic factors, such as ultraviolet irradiation. While calorie restriction (CR) is the most effective intervention to extend the lifespan of organisms and prevent age-related disorders, its effects on cutaneous aging and disorders are poorly understood. This review discusses the effects of CR and its alternative dietary intake on skin biology, with a focus on skin aging. CR structurally and functionally affects most of the skin and has been reported to rescue both age-related and photo-induced changes. The anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, stem cell maintenance, and metabolic activities of CR contribute to its beneficial effects on the skin. To the best of the author’s knowledge, the effects of fasting or a specific nutrient-restricted diet on skin aging have not been evaluated; these strategies offer benefits in wound healing and inflammatory skin diseases. In addition, well-known CR mimetics, including resveratrol, metformin, rapamycin, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, show CR-like prevention against skin aging. An overview of the role of CR in skin biology will provide valuable insights that would eventually lead to improvements in skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ja Choi
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
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44
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McKinley KL, Castillo-Azofeifa D, Klein OD. Tools and Concepts for Interrogating and Defining Cellular Identity. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:632-656. [PMID: 32386555 PMCID: PMC7250495 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Defining the mechanisms that generate specialized cell types and coordinate their functions is critical for understanding organ development and renewal. New tools and discoveries are challenging and refining our definitions of a cell type. A rapidly growing toolkit for single-cell analyses has expanded the number of markers that can be assigned to a cell simultaneously, revealing heterogeneity within cell types that were previously regarded as homogeneous populations. Additionally, cell types defined by specific molecular markers can exhibit distinct, context-dependent functions; for example, between tissues in homeostasis and those responding to damage. Here we review the current technologies used to identify and characterize cells, and we discuss how experimental and pathological perturbations are adding increasing complexity to our definitions of cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L McKinley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Castillo-Azofeifa
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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45
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Abstract
Aging manifests with architectural alteration and functional decline of multiple organs throughout an organism. In mammals, aged skin is accompanied by a marked reduction in hair cycling and appearance of bald patches, leading researchers to propose that hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are either lost, differentiate, or change to an epidermal fate during aging. Here, we employed single-cell RNA-sequencing to interrogate aging-related changes in the HFSCs. Surprisingly, although numbers declined, aging HFSCs were present, maintained their identity, and showed no overt signs of shifting to an epidermal fate. However, they did exhibit prevalent transcriptional changes particularly in extracellular matrix genes, and this was accompanied by profound structural perturbations in the aging SC niche. Moreover, marked age-related changes occurred in many nonepithelial cell types, including resident immune cells, sensory neurons, and arrector pili muscles. Each of these SC niche components has been shown to influence HF regeneration. When we performed skin injuries that are known to mobilize young HFSCs to exit their niche and regenerate HFs, we discovered that aged skin is defective at doing so. Interestingly, however, in transplantation assays in vivo, aged HFSCs regenerated HFs when supported with young dermis, while young HFSCs failed to regenerate HFs when combined with aged dermis. Together, our findings highlight the importance of SC:niche interactions and favor a model where youthfulness of the niche microenvironment plays a dominant role in dictating the properties of its SCs and tissue health and fitness.
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Haydont V, Neiveyans V, Perez P, Busson É, Lataillade JJ, Asselineau D, Fortunel NO. Fibroblasts from the Human Skin Dermo-Hypodermal Junction are Distinct from Dermal Papillary and Reticular Fibroblasts and from Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Exhibit a Specific Molecular Profile Related to Extracellular Matrix Organization and Modeling. Cells 2020; 9:E368. [PMID: 32033496 PMCID: PMC7072412 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin dermis contains fibroblast subpopulations in which characterization is crucial due to their roles in extracellular matrix (ECM) biology. This study investigates the properties of fibroblasts localized at the frontier of deep dermis and hypodermis, i.e., dermo-hypodermal junction fibroblasts (F-DHJ), which were compared to intermediate reticular dermis (Fr) and superficial papillary dermis (Fp) fibroblasts. F-DHJ differed from Fr and Fp cells in their wider potential for differentiation into mesodermal lineages and in their absence of contractility when integrated in a three-dimensional dermal equivalent. The transcriptomic profile of F-DHJ exhibited specificities in the expression of genes involved in ECM synthesis-processing and "tissue skeleton" organization. In accordance with transcriptome data, ECM proteins, notably Tenascin C, distributions differed between the reticular dermis and the dermo-hypodermal junction areas, which was documented in normal adult skin. Finally, genome-wide transcriptome profiling was used to evaluate the molecular proximity of F-DHJ with the two dermal fibroblast populations (Fp and Fr) and with the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) corresponding to five tissue origins (bone marrow, fat, amnion, chorion, and cord). This comparative analysis classified the three skin fibroblast types, including F-DHJ, as a clearly distinct group from the five MSC sample origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Haydont
- Advanced Research, L’Oréal Research and Innovation, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France; (V.N.); (P.P.); (D.A.)
| | - Véronique Neiveyans
- Advanced Research, L’Oréal Research and Innovation, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France; (V.N.); (P.P.); (D.A.)
| | - Philippe Perez
- Advanced Research, L’Oréal Research and Innovation, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France; (V.N.); (P.P.); (D.A.)
| | - Élodie Busson
- Department of Medical and Surgical Assistance to the Armed Forces, French Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), 91223 CEDEX Brétigny sur Orge, France; (É.B.); (J.-J.L.)
| | - Jean-Jacques Lataillade
- Department of Medical and Surgical Assistance to the Armed Forces, French Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), 91223 CEDEX Brétigny sur Orge, France; (É.B.); (J.-J.L.)
| | - Daniel Asselineau
- Advanced Research, L’Oréal Research and Innovation, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France; (V.N.); (P.P.); (D.A.)
| | - Nicolas O. Fortunel
- Laboratoire de Génomique et Radiobiologie de la Kératinopoïèse, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA/DRF/IRCM, 91000 Evry, France
- INSERM U967, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Diderot, 75013 Paris 7, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 78140 Paris 11, France
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47
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Abstract
Most cancers arise in individuals over the age of 60. As the world population is living longer and reaching older ages, cancer is becoming a substantial public health problem. It is estimated that, by 2050, more than 20% of the world's population will be over the age of 60 - the economic, healthcare and financial burdens this may place on society are far from trivial. In this Review, we address the role of the ageing microenvironment in the promotion of tumour progression. Specifically, we discuss the cellular and molecular changes in non-cancerous cells during ageing, and how these may contribute towards a tumour permissive microenvironment; these changes encompass biophysical alterations in the extracellular matrix, changes in secreted factors and changes in the immune system. We also discuss the contribution of these changes to responses to cancer therapy as ageing predicts outcomes of therapy, including survival. Yet, in preclinical studies, the contribution of the aged microenvironment to therapy response is largely ignored, with most studies designed in 8-week-old mice rather than older mice that reflect an age appropriate to the disease being modelled. This may explain, in part, the failure of many successful preclinical therapies upon their translation to the clinic. Overall, the intention of this Review is to provide an overview of the interplay that occurs between ageing cell types in the microenvironment and cancer cells and how this is likely to impact tumour metastasis and therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Fane
- The Wistar Institute, Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- The Wistar Institute, Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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48
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Thierry GR, Gentek R, Bajenoff M. Remodeling of reactive lymph nodes: Dynamics of stromal cells and underlying chemokine signaling. Immunol Rev 2020; 289:42-61. [PMID: 30977194 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are secondary immune organs dispersed throughout the body. They are primarily composed of lymphocytes, "transient passengers" that are only present for a few hours. During this time, they extensively interact with a meshwork of stromal cells. Although these cells constitute less than 5% of all LN cells, they are integral to LN function: Stromal cells create a three-dimensional network that provides a rigid backbone for the transport of lymph and generates "roads" for lymphocyte migration. Beyond structural support, the LN stroma also produces survival signals for lymphocytes and provides nutrients, soluble factors, antigens, and immune cells collectively required for immune surveillance and the generation of adaptive immune responses. A unique feature of LNs is their ability to considerably and rapidly change size: the volume and cellularity of inflamed LNs can increase up to 20-fold before returning to homeostatic levels. This cycle will be repeated many times during life and is accommodated by stromal cells. The dynamics underlying this dramatic remodeling are subject of this review. We will first introduce the main types of LN stromal cells and explain their known functions. We will then discuss how these cells enable LN growth during immune responses, with a particular focus on underlying cellular mechanisms and molecular cues. Similarly, we will elaborate on stromal dynamics mediating the return to LN homeostasis, a process that is mechanistically much less understood than LN expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem R Thierry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Rebecca Gentek
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Bajenoff
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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49
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Quoi de neuf en recherche ? Ann Dermatol Venereol 2019; 146:12S19-12S23. [DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(20)30102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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50
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Gruber F, Kremslehner C, Eckhart L, Tschachler E. Cell aging and cellular senescence in skin aging - Recent advances in fibroblast and keratinocyte biology. Exp Gerontol 2019; 130:110780. [PMID: 31794850 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aging of the skin is the most visible and obvious manifestation of organismal aging and may serve as a predictor of life expectancy and health. It is, however, also the human desire for long-lasting beauty that further raises interests in the topic, and thus considerable means and efforts are put into studying the mechanisms of skin aging in basic and applied research. Both medical und non-medical interests are of benefit for skin research in general because the results from these studies help to deepen our understanding of the complex molecular, biological, cell signaling, developmental and immunological processes in this organ. In fact, the skin is an ideal organ to observe and analyze the impact of extrinsic and intrinsic drivers of aging. Within the past five years technological advances like lineage tracing of cells in model organisms, intra-vital microscopy, nucleic acid sequencing at the single cell level, and high resolution mass spectrometry have allowed to study aging and senescence of individual skin cells within the tissue context, their signaling and communication, and to derive new hypotheses for experimental studies in vitro. In this short review we will discuss very recent developments that promise to extend the existing knowledge on cell aging and senescence of dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes in skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gruber
- Division for Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christopher Kremslehner
- Division for Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- Division for Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Division for Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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