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Feng X, Hou Y, Liu J, Yan F, Dai M, Chen M, Wang J, Li J, Liu Z, Sun D, Zhang Y, Yu X, Kong W, Wu H. A multi-targeting immunotherapy ameliorates multiple facets of Alzheimer's disease in 3xTg mice. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:153. [PMID: 39164276 PMCID: PMC11336073 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00942-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an intricate disorder involving amyloid deposits, neurofibrillary tangles, and chronic neuroinflammation. Though current Aβ-directed immunotherapies effectively eliminate amyloid plaques, their limited clinical benefits and notable safety concerns arise from overlooking two other neglected neurodegenerative features. Compelling evidence highlights synergistic cooperation between Aβ and tau, underscoring the imperative need to develop combinational therapies to target the diverse pathologies of AD. In this study, we present a dual AD vaccine combining Aβ and pTau vaccines, eliciting robust and enduring antibody responses against pathological Aβ and pTau in 3xTg transgenic mice. It significantly eradicated Aβ plaques and pTau tangles, suppressed neuroinflammatory factors, and markedly enhancing cognitive abilities in 3xTg mice. Mechanistically, peripheral antibodies penetrated the brain, recognizing and inhibiting Aβ and pTau aggregation, thereby reducing their cytotoxicity. In summary, this innovative multi-targeting immunotherapy remarkably ameliorates diverse AD pathologies, demonstrating maximum benefits in slowing the clinical progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejian Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yunyu Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Fei Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Mingrui Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Mo Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jianan Wang
- Changchun BCHT Biotechnology, 1260 Huoju Road, Changchun High-tech Zone, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjiang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghui Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Zhou J, Chuang Y', Redding-Ochoa J, Zhang R, Platero AJ, Barrett AH, Troncoso JC, Worley PF, Zhang W. The autophagy adaptor TRIAD3A promotes tau fibrillation by nested phase separation. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:1274-1286. [PMID: 39009640 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Multiple neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by aberrant proteinaceous accumulations of tau. Here, we report a RING-in-between-RING-type E3 ligase, TRIAD3A, that functions as an autophagy adaptor for tau. TRIAD3A(RNF216) is an essential gene with mutations causing age-progressive neurodegeneration. Our studies reveal that TRIAD3A E3 ligase catalyses mixed K11/K63 polyubiquitin chains and self-assembles into liquid-liquid phase separated (LLPS) droplets. Tau is ubiquitinated and accumulates within TRIAD3A LLPS droplets and, via LC3 interacting regions, targets tau for autophagic degradation. Unexpectedly, tau sequestered within TRIAD3A droplets rapidly converts to fibrillar aggregates without the transitional liquid phase of tau. In vivo studies show that TRIAD3A decreases the accumulation of phosphorylated tau in a tauopathy mouse model, and a disease-associated mutation of TRIAD3A increases accumulation of phosphorylated tau, exacerbates gliosis and increases pathological tau spreading. In human Alzheimer disease brain, TRIAD3A co-localizes with tau amyloid in multiple histological forms, suggesting a role in tau proteostasis. TRIAD3A is an autophagic adaptor that utilizes E3 ligase and LLPS as a mechanism to capture cargo and appears especially relevant to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiechao Zhou
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang 'an Chuang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Javier Redding-Ochoa
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rongzhen Zhang
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi City, People's Republic of China
| | - Alexander J Platero
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander H Barrett
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul F Worley
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Wenchi Zhang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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3
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Seto M, Hohman TJ, Mormino EC, Papp KV, Amariglio RE, Rentz DM, Johnson KA, Schultz AP, Sperling RA, Buckley RF, Yang HS. Parental History of Memory Impairment and β-Amyloid in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults. JAMA Neurol 2024; 81:798-804. [PMID: 38884955 PMCID: PMC11184498 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.1763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Importance Studies have suggested that maternal history of late-onset Alzheimer disease, but not paternal, predisposes individuals to higher brain β-amyloid (Aβ) burden, reduced brain metabolism, and lower gray matter volumes. Objective To characterize maternal vs paternal history of memory impairment in terms of brain Aβ-positron emission tomography (Aβ-PET) and baseline cognition among a large sample of cognitively unimpaired older adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study leveraged data from 4413 individuals who were screened for the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer (A4) study, a randomized clinical trial conducted across 67 sites in the US, Australia, Canada, and Japan aimed at Alzheimer disease prevention. Data were collected between April 2014 and December 2017 and analyzed from December 2022 to June 2023. Participants were cognitively unimpaired adults (Clinical Dementia Rating = 0 and/or Mini-Mental State Examination score ≥25) between the ages of 65 and 85 years who underwent PET imaging to assess cortical Aβ levels for trial eligibility. A total of 4492 participants were screened, and 79 missing data were excluded. Main Outcomes and Measures Demographic characteristics (eg, age, sex, education), apolipoprotein E genotyping, participant-reported parental history of memory impairment and parental age at symptom onset were collected as variables. Parental history was assessed in terms of continuous neocortical 18F-florbetapir Aβ-PET and the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite. Results Of 4413 individuals (mean [SD] age, 71.27 [4.66] years, 2617 women [59.3%]), mean Aβ-PET was elevated in individuals with history of memory impairment in both parents (n = 455; mean [SD] standardized uptake value ratio [SUVR] = 1.12 [0.19]; Wilcoxon P = 1.1 × 10-5) and in those with only maternal history (n = 1772; mean [SD] SUVR = 1.10 [0.19]; Wilcoxon P = 2.70 × 10-5) compared with those with only paternal history (n = 632; mean [SD] SUVR = 1.08 [0.18]; Wilcoxon P = 1.1 × 10-5) or no family history (n = 1554; mean [SD] SUVR = 1.08 [0.19]; Wilcoxon P = 1.1 × 10-5). Paternal history of early-onset memory impairment (age <65 years) but not late-onset (age ≥65 years) was associated with elevated participant Aβ-PET (mean [SD] SUVR = 1.19 [0.21]; P = 3.00 × 10-6) in comparison with no paternal history (mean [SD] SUVR = 1.09 [0.19]) whereas maternal history was associated with elevated Aβ in both early-onset and late-onset groups. There was no association with cognition. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, maternal history (at any age) and paternal history of early-onset memory impairment were associated with Aβ burden among asymptomatic older individuals. Sex-specific parental history may help inform clinicians on likelihood of Aβ burden in offspring and help identify high-risk individuals at the earliest stages of disease for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Seto
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Timothy J. Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth C. Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Kathryn V. Papp
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca E. Amariglio
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dorene M. Rentz
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keith A. Johnson
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Aaron P. Schultz
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown
| | - Reisa A. Sperling
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel F. Buckley
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hyun-Sik Yang
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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4
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Parra Bravo C, Naguib SA, Gan L. Cellular and pathological functions of tau. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00753-9. [PMID: 39014245 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Tau protein is involved in various cellular processes, including having a canonical role in binding and stabilization of microtubules in neurons. Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases marked by the abnormal accumulation of tau protein aggregates in neurons, as seen, for example, in conditions such as frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer disease. Mutations in tau coding regions or that disrupt tau mRNA splicing, tau post-translational modifications and cellular stress factors (such as oxidative stress and inflammation) increase the tendency of tau to aggregate and interfere with its clearance. Pathological tau is strongly implicated in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, and the propagation of tau aggregates is associated with disease severity. Recent technological advancements, including cryo-electron microscopy and disease models derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, have increased our understanding of tau-related pathology in neurodegenerative conditions. Substantial progress has been made in deciphering tau aggregate structures and the molecular mechanisms that underlie protein aggregation and toxicity. In this Review, we discuss recent insights into the diverse cellular functions of tau and the pathology of tau inclusions and explore the potential for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Parra Bravo
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah A Naguib
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.
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Ye J, Wan H, Chen S, Liu GP. Targeting tau in Alzheimer's disease: from mechanisms to clinical therapy. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1489-1498. [PMID: 38051891 PMCID: PMC10883484 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease affecting older adults. Primary features of Alzheimer's disease include extracellular aggregation of amyloid-β plaques and the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles, formed by tau protein, in the cells. While there are amyloid-β-targeting therapies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, these therapies are costly and exhibit potential negative side effects. Mounting evidence suggests significant involvement of tau protein in Alzheimer's disease-related neurodegeneration. As an important microtubule-associated protein, tau plays an important role in maintaining the stability of neuronal microtubules and promoting axonal growth. In fact, clinical studies have shown that abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein occurs before accumulation of amyloid-β in the brain. Various therapeutic strategies targeting tau protein have begun to emerge, and are considered possible methods to prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, abnormalities in post-translational modifications of the tau protein, including aberrant phosphorylation, ubiquitination, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)ylation, acetylation, and truncation, contribute to its microtubule dissociation, misfolding, and subcellular missorting. This causes mitochondrial damage, synaptic impairments, gliosis, and neuroinflammation, eventually leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits. This review summarizes the recent findings on the underlying mechanisms of tau protein in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease and discusses tau-targeted treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwang Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huali Wan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sihua Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gong-Ping Liu
- Co-innovation Center of Neurodegeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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6
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Cioffi L, Grassi D, Diviccaro S, Caruso D, Pinto-Benito D, Arevalo MA, Garcia-Segura LM, Melcangi RC, Giatti S. Sex chromosome complement interacts with gonadal hormones in determining regional-specific neuroactive steroid levels in plasma, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. A study using the four core genotype mouse model. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 241:106514. [PMID: 38554982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
An important aspect of the neuromodulatory and neuroprotective actions exerted by neuroactive steroids is that they are sex-specific, as determined by the sexually dimorphic levels of these molecules in plasma and the nervous tissue. Thus, the identification of the factors that generate the sex-dimorphic levels of neuroactive steroids may be crucial from a neuroprotectant perspective. The main driver for sex determination in mammals is the SRY gene and the subsequent presence of a specific gonad: testes for males and ovaries for females, thus producing hormonal compounds, primarily androgens and estrogens, respectively. Nowadays, it is well established that despite the relevance of gonads, other factors control sexual features, and, among them, sex chromosome complement is highly relevant. In this study, neuroactive steroids were evaluated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the hypothalamus, the hippocampus, and plasma of the four core genotype mouse model, to determine the relative contribution of sex chromosome complement and gonads in determining their sex dimorphic levels. The data obtained reveal that although gonads are the main contributing factor for sex differences in neuroactive steroid levels, the levels of some neuroactive steroids, including testosterone, are also influenced in brain and plasma by tissue-specific actions of sex chromosomes. The data presented here adds a new piece to the puzzle of steroid level regulation, which may be useful in designing sex-specific neuroprotective approaches to pathological conditions affecting the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cioffi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Itlay
| | - Daniela Grassi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autonoma University of Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Silvia Diviccaro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Itlay
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Itlay
| | - Daniel Pinto-Benito
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Maria-Angeles Arevalo
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Roberto Cosimo Melcangi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Itlay
| | - Silvia Giatti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Itlay
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7
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Parra Bravo C, Krukowski K, Barker S, Wang C, Li Y, Fan L, Vázquez-Rosa E, Shin MK, Wong MY, McCullough LD, Kitagawa RS, Choi HA, Cacace A, Sinha SC, Pieper AA, Rosi S, Chen X, Gan L. Anti-acetylated-tau immunotherapy is neuroprotective in tauopathy and brain injury. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:51. [PMID: 38915105 PMCID: PMC11197196 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tau is aberrantly acetylated in various neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previously, we reported that reducing acetylated tau by pharmacologically inhibiting p300-mediated tau acetylation at lysine 174 reduces tau pathology and improves cognitive function in animal models. METHODS We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of two different antibodies that specifically target acetylated lysine 174 on tau (ac-tauK174). We treated PS19 mice, which harbor the P301S tauopathy mutation that causes FTLD, with anti-ac-tauK174 and measured effects on tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and neurobehavioral outcomes. Furthermore, PS19 mice received treatment post-TBI to evaluate the ability of the immunotherapy to prevent TBI-induced exacerbation of tauopathy phenotypes. Ac-tauK174 measurements in human plasma following TBI were also collected to establish a link between trauma and acetylated tau levels, and single nuclei RNA-sequencing of post-TBI brain tissues from treated mice provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed treatment effects. RESULTS Anti-ac-tauK174 treatment mitigates neurobehavioral impairment and reduces tau pathology in PS19 mice. Ac-tauK174 increases significantly in human plasma 24 h after TBI, and anti-ac-tauK174 treatment of PS19 mice blocked TBI-induced neurodegeneration and preserved memory functions. Anti-ac-tauK174 treatment rescues alterations of microglial and oligodendrocyte transcriptomic states following TBI in PS19 mice. CONCLUSIONS The ability of anti-ac-tauK174 treatment to rescue neurobehavioral impairment, reduce tau pathology, and rescue glial responses demonstrates that targeting tau acetylation at K174 is a promising neuroprotective therapeutic approach to human tauopathies resulting from TBI or genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Parra Bravo
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Helen and Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Krukowski
- Department of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Science, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Barker
- Brain Health Medicines Center, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yaqiao Li
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Li Fan
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Helen and Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edwin Vázquez-Rosa
- Brain Health Medicines Center, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Min-Kyoo Shin
- Brain Health Medicines Center, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Ying Wong
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Helen and Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan S Kitagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Alex Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Subhash C Sinha
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Helen and Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Brain Health Medicines Center, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Susanna Rosi
- Department of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Science, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Xu Chen
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA.
| | - Li Gan
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Helen and Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Yang J, Zhi W, Wang L. Role of Tau Protein in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Development of Its Targeted Drugs: A Literature Review. Molecules 2024; 29:2812. [PMID: 38930877 PMCID: PMC11206543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tau protein is a microtubule-associated protein that is widely distributed in the central nervous system and maintains and regulates neuronal morphology and function. Tau protein aggregates abnormally and forms neurofibrillary tangles in neurodegenerative diseases, disrupting the structure and function of neurons and leading to neuronal death, which triggers the initiation and progression of neurological disorders. The aggregation of tau protein in neurodegenerative diseases is associated with post-translational modifications, which may affect the hydrophilicity, spatial conformation, and stability of tau protein, promoting tau protein aggregation and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Therefore, studying the role of tau protein in neurodegenerative diseases and the mechanism of aberrant aggregation is important for understanding the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases and finding therapeutic approaches. This review describes the possible mechanisms by which tau protein promotes neurodegenerative diseases, the post-translational modifications of tau protein and associated influencing factors, and the current status of drug discovery and development related to tau protein, which may contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches to alleviate or treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Yang
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China;
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Weijia Zhi
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China;
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
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9
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Karunarathne K, Kee TR, Jeon H, Cazzaro S, Gamage YI, Pan J, Woo JAA, Kang DE, Muschol M. Crystal Violet Selectively Detects Aβ Oligomers but Not Fibrils In Vitro and in Alzheimer's Disease Brain Tissue. Biomolecules 2024; 14:615. [PMID: 38927020 PMCID: PMC11201545 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Deposition of extracellular Amyloid Beta (Aβ) and intracellular tau fibrils in post-mortem brains remains the only way to conclusively confirm cases of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Substantial evidence, though, implicates small globular oligomers instead of fibrils as relevant biomarkers of, and critical contributors to, the clinical symptoms of AD. Efforts to verify and utilize amyloid oligomers as AD biomarkers in vivo have been limited by the near-exclusive dependence on conformation-selective antibodies for oligomer detection. While antibodies have yielded critical evidence for the role of both Aβ and tau oligomers in AD, they are not suitable for imaging amyloid oligomers in vivo. Therefore, it would be desirable to identify a set of oligomer-selective small molecules for subsequent development into Positron Emission Tomography (PET) probes. Using a kinetics-based screening assay, we confirm that the triarylmethane dye Crystal Violet (CV) is oligomer-selective for Aβ42 oligomers (AβOs) grown under near-physiological solution conditions in vitro. In postmortem brains of an AD mouse model and human AD patients, we demonstrate that A11 antibody-positive oligomers but not Thioflavin S (ThioS)-positive fibrils colocalize with CV staining, confirming in vitro results. Therefore, our kinetic screen represents a robust approach for identifying new classes of small molecules as candidates for oligomer-selective dyes (OSDs). Such OSDs, in turn, provide promising starting points for the development of PET probes for pre-mortem imaging of oligomer deposits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa R. Kee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hanna Jeon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sara Cazzaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Yasith I. Gamage
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Jianjun Pan
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Jung-A. A. Woo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - David E. Kang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Martin Muschol
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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10
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Gouveia Roque C, Phatnani H, Hengst U. The broken Alzheimer's disease genome. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100555. [PMID: 38697121 PMCID: PMC11099344 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The complex pathobiology of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses significant challenges to therapeutic and preventative interventions. Despite these difficulties, genomics and related disciplines are allowing fundamental mechanistic insights to emerge with clarity, particularly with the introduction of high-resolution sequencing technologies. After all, the disrupted processes at the interface between DNA and gene expression, which we call the broken AD genome, offer detailed quantitative evidence unrestrained by preconceived notions about the disease. In addition to highlighting biological pathways beyond the classical pathology hallmarks, these advances have revitalized drug discovery efforts and are driving improvements in clinical tools. We review genetic, epigenomic, and gene expression findings related to AD pathogenesis and explore how their integration enables a better understanding of the multicellular imbalances contributing to this heterogeneous condition. The frontiers opening on the back of these research milestones promise a future of AD care that is both more personalized and predictive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio Gouveia Roque
- Center for Genomics of Neurodegenerative Disease, New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Hemali Phatnani
- Center for Genomics of Neurodegenerative Disease, New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA; Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ulrich Hengst
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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11
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Anderson T, Sharma S, Kelberman MA, Ware C, Guo N, Qin Z, Weinshenker D, Parent MB. Obesity during preclinical Alzheimer's disease development exacerbates brain metabolic decline. J Neurochem 2024; 168:801-821. [PMID: 37391269 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Obesity in middle age increases AD risk and severity, which is alarming given that obesity prevalence peaks at middle age and obesity rates are accelerating worldwide. Midlife, but not late-life obesity increases AD risk, suggesting that this interaction is specific to preclinical AD. AD pathology begins in middle age, with accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ), hyperphosphorylated tau, metabolic decline, and neuroinflammation occurring decades before cognitive symptoms appear. We used a transcriptomic discovery approach in young adult (6.5 months old) male and female TgF344-AD rats that overexpress mutant human amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 and wild-type (WT) controls to determine whether inducing obesity with a high-fat/high-sugar "Western" diet during preclinical AD increases brain metabolic dysfunction in dorsal hippocampus (dHC), a brain region vulnerable to the effects of obesity and early AD. Analyses of dHC gene expression data showed dysregulated mitochondrial and neurotransmission pathways, and up-regulated genes involved in cholesterol synthesis. Western diet amplified the number of genes that were different between AD and WT rats and added pathways involved in noradrenergic signaling, dysregulated inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, and decreased intracellular lipid transporters. Importantly, the Western diet impaired dHC-dependent spatial working memory in AD but not WT rats, confirming that the dietary intervention accelerated cognitive decline. To examine later consequences of early transcriptional dysregulation, we measured dHC monoamine levels in older (13 months old) AD and WT rats of both sexes after long-term chow or Western diet consumption. Norepinephrine (NE) abundance was significantly decreased in AD rats, NE turnover was increased, and the Western diet attenuated the AD-induced increases in turnover. Collectively, these findings indicate obesity during prodromal AD impairs memory, potentiates AD-induced metabolic decline likely leading to an overproduction of cholesterol, and interferes with compensatory increases in NE transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Anderson
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sumeet Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael A Kelberman
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher Ware
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nanxi Guo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhaohui Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marise B Parent
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Georgia, USA
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12
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Song QH, Zhao KX, Huang S, Chen T, He L. Escape from X-chromosome inactivation and sex differences in Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:341-354. [PMID: 38157427 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Sex differences exist in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Globally, women have a higher prevalence, while men with Alzheimer's disease experience earlier mortality and more pronounced cognitive decline than women. The cause of sex differences in Alzheimer's disease remains unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests the potential role of X-linked genetic factors in the sex difference of Alzheimer's disease (AD). During embryogenesis, a remarkable process known as X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) occurs in females, leading to one of the X chromosomes undergoing transcriptional inactivation, which balances the effects of two X chromosomes in females. Nevertheless, certain genes exceptionally escape from XCI, which provides a basis for dual expression dosage of specific genes in females. Based on recent research findings, we explore key escape genes and their potential therapeutic use associated with Alzheimer's disease. Also, we discuss their possible role in driving the sex differences in Alzheimer's disease. This will provide new perspectives for precision medicine and gender-specific treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Song
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ke-Xuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
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13
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Lopez-Lee C, Torres ERS, Carling G, Gan L. Mechanisms of sex differences in Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 2024; 112:1208-1221. [PMID: 38402606 PMCID: PMC11076015 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the mechanisms underlying its etiology and progression are complex and multifactorial. The higher AD risk in women may serve as a clue to better understand these complicated processes. In this review, we examine aspects of AD that demonstrate sex-dependent effects and delve into the potential biological mechanisms responsible, compiling findings from advanced technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing, metabolomics, and multi-omics analyses. We review evidence that sex hormones and sex chromosomes interact with various disease mechanisms during aging, encompassing inflammation, metabolism, and autophagy, leading to unique characteristics in disease progression between men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Lopez-Lee
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eileen Ruth S Torres
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gillian Carling
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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14
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Wen X, Luo Z, Zhao W, Calandrelli R, Nguyen TC, Wan X, Charles Richard JL, Zhong S. Single-cell multiplex chromatin and RNA interactions in ageing human brain. Nature 2024; 628:648-656. [PMID: 38538789 PMCID: PMC11023937 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Dynamically organized chromatin complexes often involve multiplex chromatin interactions and sometimes chromatin-associated RNA1-3. Chromatin complex compositions change during cellular differentiation and ageing, and are expected to be highly heterogeneous among terminally differentiated single cells4-7. Here we introduce the multinucleic acid interaction mapping in single cells (MUSIC) technique for concurrent profiling of multiplex chromatin interactions, gene expression and RNA-chromatin associations within individual nuclei. When applied to 14 human frontal cortex samples from older donors, MUSIC delineated diverse cortical cell types and states. We observed that nuclei exhibiting fewer short-range chromatin interactions were correlated with both an 'older' transcriptomic signature and Alzheimer's disease pathology. Furthermore, the cell type exhibiting chromatin contacts between cis expression quantitative trait loci and a promoter tends to be that in which these cis expression quantitative trait loci specifically affect the expression of their target gene. In addition, female cortical cells exhibit highly heterogeneous interactions between XIST non-coding RNA and chromosome X, along with diverse spatial organizations of the X chromosomes. MUSIC presents a potent tool for exploration of chromatin architecture and transcription at cellular resolution in complex tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhao Wen
- Program in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhifei Luo
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wenxin Zhao
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Riccardo Calandrelli
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tri C Nguyen
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xueyi Wan
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Sheng Zhong
- Program in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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15
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Wen X, Luo Z, Zhao W, Calandrelli R, Nguyen TC, Wan X, Richard JLC, Zhong S. Single-cell multiplex chromatin and RNA interactions in aging human brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.28.546457. [PMID: 37425846 PMCID: PMC10326989 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.546457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The dynamically organized chromatin complexes often involve multiplex chromatin interactions and sometimes chromatin-associated RNA (caRNA) 1-3. Chromatin complex compositions change during cellular differentiation and aging, and are expected to be highly heterogeneous among terminally differentiated single cells 4-7. Here we introduce the Multi-Nucleic Acid Interaction Mapping in Single Cell (MUSIC) technique for concurrent profiling of multiplex chromatin interactions, gene expression, and RNA-chromatin associations within individual nuclei. Applied to 14 human frontal cortex samples from elderly donors, MUSIC delineates diverse cortical cell types and states. We observed the nuclei exhibiting fewer short-range chromatin interactions are correlated with an "older" transcriptomic signature and with Alzheimer's pathology. Furthermore, the cell type exhibiting chromatin contacts between cis expression quantitative trait loci (cis eQTLs) and a promoter tends to be the cell type where these cis eQTLs specifically affect their target gene's expression. Additionally, the female cortical cells exhibit highly heterogeneous interactions between the XIST non-coding RNA and Chromosome X, along with diverse spatial organizations of the X chromosomes. MUSIC presents a potent tool for exploring chromatin architecture and transcription at cellular resolution in complex tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhao Wen
- Program in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhifei Luo
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wenxin Zhao
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Riccardo Calandrelli
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tri C. Nguyen
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xueyi Wan
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Sheng Zhong
- Program in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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16
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Alhadidy MM, Kanaan NM. Biochemical approaches to assess the impact of post-translational modifications on pathogenic tau conformations using recombinant protein. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:301-318. [PMID: 38348781 PMCID: PMC10903483 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Tau protein is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders known as tauopathies. Aggregates of tau are thought of as a main contributor to neurodegeneration in these diseases. Increasingly, evidence points to earlier, soluble conformations of abnormally modified monomers and multimeric tau as toxic forms of tau. The biological processes driving tau from physiological species to pathogenic conformations remain poorly understood, but certain avenues are currently under investigation including the functional consequences of various pathological tau changes (e.g. mutations, post-translational modifications (PTMs), and protein-protein interactions). PTMs can regulate several aspects of tau biology such as proteasomal and autophagic clearance, solubility, and aggregation. Moreover, PTMs can contribute to the transition of tau from normal to pathogenic conformations. However, our understating of how PTMs specifically regulate the transition of tau into pathogenic conformations is partly impeded by the relative lack of structured frameworks to assess and quantify these conformations. In this review, we describe a set of approaches that includes several in vitro assays to determine the contribution of PTMs to tau's transition into known pathogenic conformations. The approaches begin with different methods to create recombinant tau proteins carrying specific PTMs followed by validation of the PTMs status. Then, we describe a set of biochemical and biophysical assays that assess the contribution of a given PTM to different tau conformations, including aggregation, oligomerization, exposure of the phosphatase-activating domain, and seeding. Together, these approaches can facilitate the advancement of our understanding of the relationships between PTMs and tau conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Alhadidy
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, U.S.A
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
| | - Nicholas M. Kanaan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, U.S.A
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
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17
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Yang Y, Zhu D, Qi R, Chen Y, Sheng B, Zhang X. Association between Intake of Edible Mushrooms and Algae and the Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Chinese Older Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:637. [PMID: 38474765 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated the association between diet and cognitive impairment, yet there is limited investigation into the link between edible mushrooms and algae intake and cognitive decline. This study aims to explore the association between edible mushrooms and algae intake and the risk of cognitive impairment in individuals aged 65 years and above in China. Cross-sectional data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) formed the basis of this study. Edible mushrooms and algae intake was evaluated using a simplified food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). A binary logistic regression model was used to evaluate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with subgroup analysis conducted. Among 14,150 older adults, the average age was (85.33 ± 11.55), with a cognitive impairment prevalence of 22.7; multi-model adjustments showed a 25.3% lower probability of cognitive impairment for those occasionally consuming edible mushrooms and algae (OR: 0.747, 95% CI: 0.675~0.826). Furthermore, a 29% lower risk was observed in those with daily intake (OR: 0.710, 95% CI: 0.511~0.987). Subgroup analysis demonstrated significant risk reduction in women (OR: 0.589, 95% CI: 0.375~0.925, p = 0.022), individuals with disability in activities of daily living (OR: 0.568, 95% CI: 0.367~0.878, p = 0.011), and those with low social activity levels (OR: 0.671, 95% CI: 0.473~0.950, p = 0.025). This study concludes that edible mushrooms and algae intake significantly impacts the risk of cognitive impairment in older adults. These results provide insights and impetus for further research into this area. Additional cohort studies or intervention trials are necessary to confirm the potential benefits of edible mushrooms and algae in promoting cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Danni Zhu
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ran Qi
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yanchun Chen
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Baihe Sheng
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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18
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Hou Y, Caldwell JZK, Lathia JD, Leverenz JB, Pieper AA, Cummings J, Cheng F. Microglial immunometabolism endophenotypes contribute to sex difference in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1334-1349. [PMID: 37985399 PMCID: PMC10916937 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The molecular mechanisms that contribute to sex differences, in particular female predominance, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence, symptomology, and pathology, are incompletely understood. METHODS To address this problem, we investigated cellular metabolism and immune responses ("immunometabolism endophenotype") across AD individuals as a function of sex with diverse clinical diagnosis of cognitive status at death (cogdx), Braak staging, and Consortium to Establish a Registry for AD (CERAD) scores using human cortex metabolomics and transcriptomics data from the Religious Orders Study / Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP) cohort. RESULTS We identified sex-specific metabolites, immune and metabolic genes, and pathways associated with the AD diagnosis and progression. We identified female-specific elevation in glycerophosphorylcholine and N-acetylglutamate, which are AD inflammatory metabolites involved in interleukin (IL)-17 signaling, C-type lectin receptor, interferon signaling, and Toll-like receptor pathways. We pinpointed distinct microglia-specific immunometabolism endophenotypes (i.e., lipid- and amino acid-specific IL-10 and IL-17 signaling pathways) between female and male AD subjects. In addition, female AD subjects showed evidence of diminished excitatory neuron and microglia communications via glutamate-mediated immunometabolism. DISCUSSION Our results point to new understanding of the molecular basis for female predominance in AD, and warrant future independent validations with ethnically diverse patient cohorts to establish a likely causal relationship of microglial immunometabolism in the sex differences in AD. HIGHLIGHTS Sex-specific immune metabolites, gene networks and pathways, are associated with Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and disease progression. Female AD subjects exhibit microglial immunometabolism endophenotypes characterized by decreased glutamate metabolism and elevated interleukin-10 pathway activity. Female AD subjects showed a shift in glutamate-mediated cell-cell communications between excitatory neurons to microglia and astrocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hou
- Genomic Medicine InstituteCleveland ClinicLerner Research InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Jessica Z. K. Caldwell
- Department of Molecular MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain HealthCleveland ClinicNeurological InstituteLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Justin D. Lathia
- Department of Molecular MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic ScienceCleveland ClinicLerner Research InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | - James B. Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain HealthCleveland ClinicNeurological InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Andrew A. Pieper
- Brain Health Medicines CenterHarrington Discovery InstituteUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of PsychiatryCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Geriatric PsychiatryGRECCLouis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical CenterClevelandOhioUSA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of NeurosciencesSchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of PathologySchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Chambers‐Grundy Center for Transformative NeuroscienceDepartment of Brain HealthSchool of Integrated Health SciencesUniversity of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine InstituteCleveland ClinicLerner Research InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Molecular MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
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19
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Creekmore BC, Watanabe R, Lee EB. Neurodegenerative Disease Tauopathies. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 19:345-370. [PMID: 37832941 PMCID: PMC11009985 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-051222-120750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathies are a diverse group of progressive and fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterized by aberrant tau inclusions in the central nervous system. Tau protein forms pathologic fibrillar aggregates that are typically closely associated with neuronal cell death, leading to varied clinical phenotypes including dementia, movement disorders, and motor neuron disease. In this review, we describe the clinicopathologic features of tauopathies and highlight recent advances in understanding the mechanisms that lead to spread of pathologic aggregates through interconnected neuronal pathways. The cell-to-cell propagation of tauopathy is then linked to posttranslational modifications, tau fibril structural variants, and the breakdown of cellular protein quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Creekmore
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Ryohei Watanabe
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Edward B Lee
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
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20
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Corral-Lopez A, Bloch NI, van der Bijl W, Cortazar-Chinarro M, Szorkovszky A, Kotrschal A, Darolti I, Buechel SD, Romenskyy M, Kolm N, Mank JE. Functional convergence of genomic and transcriptomic architecture underlies schooling behaviour in a live-bearing fish. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:98-110. [PMID: 37985898 PMCID: PMC10781616 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The organization and coordination of fish schools provide a valuable model to investigate the genetic architecture of affiliative behaviours and dissect the mechanisms underlying social behaviours and personalities. Here we used replicate guppy selection lines that vary in schooling propensity and combine quantitative genetics with genomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the genetic basis of sociability phenotypes. We show that consistent with findings in collective motion patterns, experimental evolution of schooling propensity increased the sociability of female, but not male, guppies when swimming with unfamiliar conspecifics. This finding highlights a relevant link between coordinated motion and sociability for species forming fission-fusion societies in which both group size and the type of social interactions are dynamic across space and time. We further show that alignment and attraction, the two major traits forming the sociability personality axis in this species, showed heritability estimates at the upper end of the range previously described for social behaviours, with important variation across sexes. The results from both Pool-seq and RNA-seq data indicated that genes involved in neuron migration and synaptic function were instrumental in the evolution of sociability, highlighting a crucial role of glutamatergic synaptic function and calcium-dependent signalling processes in the evolution of schooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Corral-Lopez
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Natasha I Bloch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Wouter van der Bijl
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maria Cortazar-Chinarro
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- MEMEG Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander Szorkovszky
- RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander Kotrschal
- Behavioural Ecology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Iulia Darolti
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Severine D Buechel
- Behavioural Ecology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maksym Romenskyy
- Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niclas Kolm
- Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judith E Mank
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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21
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Gozes I. Tau, ADNP, and sex. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024; 81:16-23. [PMID: 37572043 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
With 50 years to the original discovery of Tau, I gave here my perspective, looking through the prism of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), and the influence of sex. My starting point was vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a regulator of ADNP. I then moved to the original discovery of ADNP and its active neuroprotective site, NAP, drug candidate, davunetide. Tau-ADNP-NAP interactions were then explained with emphasis on sex and future translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illana Gozes
- Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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22
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Reed EG, Keller-Norrell PR. Minding the Gap: Exploring Neuroinflammatory and Microglial Sex Differences in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17377. [PMID: 38139206 PMCID: PMC10743742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Research into Alzheimer's Disease (AD) describes a link between AD and the resident immune cells of the brain, the microglia. Further, this suspected link is thought to have underlying sex effects, although the mechanisms of these effects are only just beginning to be understood. Many of these insights are the result of policies put in place by funding agencies such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to consider sex as a biological variable (SABV) and the move towards precision medicine due to continued lackluster therapeutic options. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated assessment of the current research that summarizes sex differences and the research pertaining to microglia and their varied responses in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin G. Reed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44242, USA
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23
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Liu T, Wetzel L, Zhu Z, Kumaraguru P, Gorthi V, Yan Y, Bukhari MZ, Ermekbaeva A, Jeon H, Kee TR, Woo JAA, Kang DE. Disruption of Mitophagy Flux through the PARL-PINK1 Pathway by CHCHD10 Mutations or CHCHD10 Depletion. Cells 2023; 12:2781. [PMID: 38132101 PMCID: PMC10741529 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing 10 (CHCHD10) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein which is primarily mutated in the spectrum of familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Endogenous CHCHD10 levels decline in the brains of ALS-FTD patients, and the CHCHD10S59L mutation in Drosophila induces dominant toxicity together with PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), a protein critical for the induction of mitophagy. However, whether and how CHCHD10 variants regulate mitophagy flux in the mammalian brain is unknown. Here, we demonstrate through in vivo and in vitro models, as well as human FTD brain tissue, that ALS/FTD-linked CHCHD10 mutations (R15L and S59L) impair mitophagy flux and mitochondrial Parkin recruitment, whereas wild-type CHCHD10 (CHCHD10WT) normally enhances these measures. Specifically, we show that CHCHD10R15L and CHCHD10S59L mutations reduce PINK1 levels by increasing PARL activity, whereas CHCHD10WT produces the opposite results through its stronger interaction with PARL, suppressing its activity. Importantly, we also demonstrate that FTD brains with TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) pathology demonstrate disruption of the PARL-PINK1 pathway and that experimentally impairing mitophagy promotes TDP-43 aggregation. Thus, we provide herein new insights into the regulation of mitophagy and TDP-43 aggregation in the mammalian brain through the CHCHD10-PARL-PINK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Liam Wetzel
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Zexi Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Pavan Kumaraguru
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Viraj Gorthi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Center & Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Mohammed Zaheen Bukhari
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Center & Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Aizara Ermekbaeva
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Center & Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Hanna Jeon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Teresa R. Kee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Center & Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Jung-A Alexa Woo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - David E. Kang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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24
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Moysés-Oliveira M, Favilla BP, Melaragno MI, Tufik S. X-Chromosome Dependent Differences in the Neuronal Molecular Signatures and Their Implications in Sleep Patterns. Sleep Med Clin 2023; 18:521-531. [PMID: 38501524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Biological factors and mechanisms that drive sex differences observed in sleep disturbances are understudied and poorly understood. The extent to which sex chromosome constitution impacts on sex differences in circadian patterns is still a knowledge void in the sleep medicine field. Here we focus on the neurological consequences of X-chromosome functional imbalances between males and females and how this molecular inequality might affect sex divergencies on sleep. In light of the X-chromosome inactivation mechanism in females and its implications in gene regulation, we describe sleep-related neuronal circuits and brain regions impacted by sex-biased modulations of the transcriptome and the epigenome. Benefited from recent large-scale genetic studies on the interplay between X-chromosome and brain function, we list clinically relevant genes that might play a role in sex differences in neuronal pathways. Those molecular signatures are put into the context of sleep and sleep-associated neurological phenotypes, aiming to identify biological mechanisms that link X-chromosome gene regulation to sex-biased human traits. These findings are a significant step forward in understanding how X-linked genes manifest in sleep-associated transcriptional networks and point to future research opportunities to address female-specific clinical manifestations and therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Moysés-Oliveira
- Sleep Institute, Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa, Rua Marselhea, 500, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Pereira Favilla
- Genetics Division, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Melaragno
- Genetics Division, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Sleep Institute, Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa, Rua Marselhea, 500, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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25
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Li Y, Zeng PM, Wu J, Luo ZG. Advances and Applications of Brain Organoids. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1703-1716. [PMID: 37222855 PMCID: PMC10603019 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the fundamental processes of human brain development and diseases is of great importance for our health. However, existing research models such as non-human primate and mouse models remain limited due to their developmental discrepancies compared with humans. Over the past years, an emerging model, the "brain organoid" integrated from human pluripotent stem cells, has been developed to mimic developmental processes of the human brain and disease-associated phenotypes to some extent, making it possible to better understand the complex structures and functions of the human brain. In this review, we summarize recent advances in brain organoid technologies and their applications in brain development and diseases, including neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, psychiatric diseases, and brain tumors. Finally, we also discuss current limitations and the potential of brain organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Peng-Ming Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jian Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zhen-Ge Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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26
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Lehrer S, Rheinstein PH. Increased Maternal Compared to Paternal Transmission of Alzheimer's Disease May Be Due to Increased Incidence of Depression in Women. In Vivo 2023; 37:2447-2451. [PMID: 37905609 PMCID: PMC10621409 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mothers transmit Alzheimer's disease (AD) more frequently than fathers. Factors other than female longevity may be at work to promote maternal transmission of AD. Among these are the X chromosome, mitochondrial DNA, and AD comorbidities, especially depression. A recent study associated mitochondrial SNP rs2853499 with AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used UK Biobank (UKBB) data to investigate the relation of mitochondrial SNP rs2853499, with AD. To identify cases of AD we used ICD10 code G30.9. Data processing was performed on Minerva, a Linux mainframe with Centos 7.6, at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. We used PLINK, a whole-genome association analysis toolset, to analyze the UKB22418 mitochondrial hard-called chromosome file. RESULTS Of 953 AD cases, 493 were male (51.7%) and 460 were female (48.3%). Mothers were twice as likely to transmit AD compared to fathers. We found that in individuals with AD, 22.3% (n=201) carried the A allele of SNP rs2853499, 77.7% (n=700) carried the G allele. In individuals without AD, 22.2% (n=10,7726) carried the A allele of SNP rs2853499, 77.8% (n=378,535) carried the G allele. This difference was not significant (p=0.91, two-tailed Fisher exact test). Therefore, factors other than mitochondrial SNP rs2853499 may be at work to promote maternal transmission of AD. CONCLUSION We conclude that depression, a multigenic illness, in the mother is most likely the basis for the fact that mothers transmit AD twice as often as fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Lehrer
- Department of Radiation Oncology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, U.S.A.;
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27
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Ong CT. Enrichment of novel Tau isoform with altered biochemical properties in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2397-2398. [PMID: 37282466 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.371359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Tong Ong
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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28
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Boxer AL, Sperling R. Accelerating Alzheimer's therapeutic development: The past and future of clinical trials. Cell 2023; 186:4757-4772. [PMID: 37848035 PMCID: PMC10625460 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) research has entered a new era with the recent positive phase 3 clinical trials of the anti-Aβ antibodies lecanemab and donanemab. Why did it take 30 years to achieve these successes? Developing potent therapies for reducing fibrillar amyloid was key, as was selection of patients at relatively early stages of disease. Biomarkers of the target pathologies, including amyloid and tau PET, and insights from past trials were also critical to the recent successes. Moving forward, the challenge will be to develop more efficacious therapies with greater efficiency. Novel trial designs, including combination therapies and umbrella and basket protocols, will accelerate clinical development. Better diversity and inclusivity of trial participants are needed, and blood-based biomarkers may help to improve access for medically underserved groups. Incentivizing innovation in both academia and industry through public-private partnerships, collaborative mechanisms, and the creation of new career paths will be critical to build momentum in these exciting times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute of Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Reisa Sperling
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Sarukhanyan E, Dandekar T. In silico designed microtubule-stabilizer drugs against tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8992-9012. [PMID: 36331069 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2139760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are the main building blocks of the cytoskeleton that maintain the shape of the cell. Microtubule-associated proteins, such as Tau protein, facilitate their plasticity in cells. Highly phosphorylated Tau has weak affinity to microtubule and, hence, high probability of aggregation into neurofibrillary tangles (tauopathy). Alzheimer's disease evolves when Tau proteins are abnormally phosphorylated. To prevent tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease, we designed drugs de novo targeting them in silico to the phosphorylated Tau-microtubule complexes. Our molecular docking (AutoDock, MOE, GOLD) and molecular dynamics (GROMACS, 2019.6) simulation results revealed compound 23 (C12H28N4O5) as a potential drug candidate, since it can bind (-11.1 kcal/mol by AutoDock) and fix not only phosphorylated Tau on the surface of microtubules, but also prevent their aggregation into bundles. In addition, compound 23 has shown its ability to de-bundle already grouped phosphorylated peptides into single pieces.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edita Sarukhanyan
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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30
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Le LTHL, Lee J, Im D, Park S, Hwang K, Lee JH, Jiang Y, Lee Y, Suh YH, Kim HI, Lee MJ. Self-Aggregating Tau Fragments Recapitulate Pathologic Phenotypes and Neurotoxicity of Alzheimer's Disease in Mice. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302035. [PMID: 37594721 PMCID: PMC10582461 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
In tauopathy conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), highly soluble and natively unfolded tau polymerizes into an insoluble filament; however, the mechanistic details of this process remain unclear. In the brains of AD patients, only a minor segment of tau forms β-helix-stacked protofilaments, while its flanking regions form disordered fuzzy coats. Here, it is demonstrated that the tau AD nucleation core (tau-AC) sufficiently induced self-aggregation and recruited full-length tau to filaments. Unexpectedly, phospho-mimetic forms of tau-AC (at Ser324 or Ser356) show markedly reduced oligomerization and seeding propensities. Biophysical analysis reveal that the N-terminus of tau-AC facilitates the fibrillization kinetics as a nucleation motif, which becomes sterically shielded through phosphorylation-induced conformational changes in tau-AC. Tau-AC oligomers are efficiently internalized into cells via endocytosis and induced endogenous tau aggregation. In primary hippocampal neurons, tau-AC impaired axon initial segment plasticity upon chronic depolarization and is mislocalized to the somatodendritic compartments. Furthermore, it is observed significantly impaired memory retrieval in mice intrahippocampally injected with tau-AC fibrils, which corresponds to the neuropathological staining and neuronal loss in the brain. These findings identify tau-AC species as a key neuropathological driver in AD, suggesting novel strategies for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Thi Huong Luu Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoul03080South Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University Graduate SchoolSeoul03080South Korea
| | - Jeeyoung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoul03080South Korea
- Brain Science InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792South Korea
| | - Dongjoon Im
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841South Korea
| | - Sunha Park
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University Graduate SchoolSeoul03080South Korea
| | - Kyoung‐Doo Hwang
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University Graduate SchoolSeoul03080South Korea
- Department of PhysiologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoul03080South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoul03080South Korea
| | - Yanxialei Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoul03080South Korea
- School of MedicineLinyi UniversityLinyi276000China
| | - Yong‐Seok Lee
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University Graduate SchoolSeoul03080South Korea
- Department of PhysiologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoul03080South Korea
- Neuroscience Research InstituteSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoul03080South Korea
| | - Young Ho Suh
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University Graduate SchoolSeoul03080South Korea
- Neuroscience Research InstituteSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoul03080South Korea
| | - Hugh I. Kim
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841South Korea
| | - Min Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoul03080South Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University Graduate SchoolSeoul03080South Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Convergence Research Center for DementiaSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoul03080South Korea
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31
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Maniv I, Sarji M, Bdarneh A, Feldman A, Ankawa R, Koren E, Magid-Gold I, Reis N, Soteriou D, Salomon-Zimri S, Lavy T, Kesselman E, Koifman N, Kurz T, Kleifeld O, Michaelson D, van Leeuwen FW, Verheijen BM, Fuchs Y, Glickman MH. Altered ubiquitin signaling induces Alzheimer's disease-like hallmarks in a three-dimensional human neural cell culture model. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5922. [PMID: 37739965 PMCID: PMC10516951 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by toxic protein accumulation in the brain. Ubiquitination is essential for protein clearance in cells, making altered ubiquitin signaling crucial in AD development. A defective variant, ubiquitin B + 1 (UBB+1), created by a non-hereditary RNA frameshift mutation, is found in all AD patient brains post-mortem. We now detect UBB+1 in human brains during early AD stages. Our study employs a 3D neural culture platform derived from human neural progenitors, demonstrating that UBB+1 alone induces extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits and insoluble hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates. UBB+1 competes with ubiquitin for binding to the deubiquitinating enzyme UCHL1, leading to elevated levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP), secreted Aβ peptides, and Aβ build-up. Crucially, silencing UBB+1 expression impedes the emergence of AD hallmarks in this model system. Our findings highlight the significance of ubiquitin signalling as a variable contributing to AD pathology and present a nonclinical platform for testing potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Maniv
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Mahasen Sarji
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Anwar Bdarneh
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Alona Feldman
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Roi Ankawa
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Elle Koren
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Inbar Magid-Gold
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Noa Reis
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Despina Soteriou
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Shiran Salomon-Zimri
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Tali Lavy
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Ellina Kesselman
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, The Technion Center for Electron Microscopy of Soft Matter, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Naama Koifman
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, The Technion Center for Electron Microscopy of Soft Matter, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Thimo Kurz
- School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Oded Kleifeld
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Daniel Michaelson
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Fred W van Leeuwen
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bert M Verheijen
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
- Augmanity, Rehovot, 7670308, Israel.
| | - Michael H Glickman
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
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Lutshumba J, Wilcock DM, Monson NL, Stowe AM. Sex-based differences in effector cells of the adaptive immune system during Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 184:106202. [PMID: 37330146 PMCID: PMC10481581 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) present with many challenges due to the heterogeneity of the related disease(s), making it difficult to develop effective treatments. Additionally, the progression of ADRD-related pathologies presents differently between men and women. With two-thirds of the population affected with ADRD being women, ADRD has presented itself with a bias toward the female population. However, studies of ADRD generally do not incorporate sex-based differences in investigating the development and progression of the disease, which is detrimental to understanding and treating dementia. Additionally, recent implications for the adaptive immune system in the development of ADRD bring in new factors to be considered as part of the disease, including sex-based differences in immune response(s) during ADRD development. Here, we review the sex-based differences of pathological hallmarks of ADRD presentation and progression, sex-based differences in the adaptive immune system and how it changes with ADRD, and the importance of precision medicine in the development of a more targeted and personalized treatment for this devastating and prevalent neurodegenerative condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lutshumba
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Nancy L Monson
- Department of Neurology and Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America.
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Cazzaro S, Woo JAA, Wang X, Liu T, Rego S, Kee TR, Koh Y, Vázquez-Rosa E, Pieper AA, Kang DE. Slingshot homolog-1-mediated Nrf2 sequestration tips the balance from neuroprotection to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217128120. [PMID: 37463212 PMCID: PMC10374160 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217128120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage in the brain is one of the earliest drivers of pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias, both preceding and exacerbating clinical symptoms. In response to oxidative stress, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is normally activated to protect the brain from oxidative damage. However, Nrf2-mediated defense against oxidative stress declines in AD, rendering the brain increasingly vulnerable to oxidative damage. Although this phenomenon has long been recognized, its mechanistic basis has been a mystery. Here, we demonstrate through in vitro and in vivo models, as well as human AD brain tissue, that Slingshot homolog-1 (SSH1) drives this effect by acting as a counterweight to neuroprotective Nrf2 in response to oxidative stress and disease. Specifically, oxidative stress-activated SSH1 suppresses nuclear Nrf2 signaling by sequestering Nrf2 complexes on actin filaments and augmenting Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nrf2 interaction, independently of SSH1 phosphatase activity. We also show that Ssh1 elimination in AD models increases Nrf2 activation, which mitigates tau and amyloid-β accumulation and protects against oxidative injury, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, loss of Ssh1 preserves normal synaptic function and transcriptomic patterns in tauP301S mice. Importantly, we also show that human AD brains exhibit highly elevated interactions of Nrf2 with both SSH1 and Keap1. Thus, we demonstrate here a unique mode of Nrf2 blockade that occurs through SSH1, which drives oxidative damage and ensuing pathogenesis in AD. Strategies to inhibit SSH1-mediated Nrf2 suppression while preserving normal SSH1 catalytic function may provide new neuroprotective therapies for AD and related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cazzaro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Health College of Medicine, Tampa, FL33620
| | - Jung-A A. Woo
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Xinming Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Shanon Rego
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Health College of Medicine, Tampa, FL33620
| | - Teresa R. Kee
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Health College of Medicine, Tampa, FL33620
| | - Yeojung Koh
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Edwin Vázquez-Rosa
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Andrew A. Pieper
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH44106
- Brain Health Medicines, Center Harrington Discovery Institute, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - David E. Kang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH44106
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH44106
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Hurtle BT, Xie L, Donnelly CJ. Disrupting pathologic phase transitions in neurodegeneration. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e168549. [PMID: 37395272 DOI: 10.1172/jci168549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-like protein deposits found in aged and diseased human brains have revealed a relationship between insoluble protein accumulations and the resulting deficits in neurologic function. Clinically diverse neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, exhibit unique and disease-specific biochemical protein signatures and abnormal protein depositions that often correlate with disease pathogenesis. Recent evidence indicates that many pathologic proteins assemble into liquid-like protein phases through the highly coordinated process of liquid-liquid phase separation. Over the last decade, biomolecular phase transitions have emerged as a fundamental mechanism of cellular organization. Liquid-like condensates organize functionally related biomolecules within the cell, and many neuropathology-associated proteins reside within these dynamic structures. Thus, examining biomolecular phase transitions enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms mediating toxicity across diverse neurodegenerative diseases. This Review explores the known mechanisms contributing to aberrant protein phase transitions in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies and outlining potential therapeutic strategies to regulate these pathologic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T Hurtle
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh Graduate Program
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh; and
- LiveLikeLou Center for ALS Research at the University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Longxin Xie
- LiveLikeLou Center for ALS Research at the University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Christopher J Donnelly
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh Graduate Program
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh; and
- LiveLikeLou Center for ALS Research at the University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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35
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Zhao S, Ye B, Chi H, Cheng C, Liu J. Identification of peripheral blood immune infiltration signatures and construction of monocyte-associated signatures in ovarian cancer and Alzheimer's disease using single-cell sequencing. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17454. [PMID: 37449151 PMCID: PMC10336450 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common tumor of the female reproductive system, while Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects cognitive function in the elderly. Monocytes are immune cells in the blood that can enter tissues and transform into macrophages, thus participating in immune and inflammatory responses. Overall, monocytes may play an important role in Alzheimer's disease and ovarian cancer. Methods The CIBERSORT algorithm results indicate a potential crucial role of monocytes/macrophages in OC and AD. To identify monocyte marker genes, single-cell RNA-seq data of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from OC and AD patients were analyzed. Enrichment analysis of various cell subpopulations was performed using the "irGSEA" R package. The estimation of cell cycle was conducted with the "tricycle" R package, and intercellular communication networks were analyzed using "CellChat". For 134 monocyte-associated genes (MRGs), bulk RNA-seq data from two diseased tissues were obtained. Cox regression analysis was employed to develop risk models, categorizing patients into high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) groups. The model's accuracy was validated using an external GEO cohort. The different risk groups were evaluated in terms of immune cell infiltration, mutational status, signaling pathways, immune checkpoint expression, and immunotherapy. To identify characteristic MRGs in AD, two machine learning algorithms, namely random forest and support vector machine (SVM), were utilized. Results Based on Cox regression analysis, a risk model consisting of seven genes was developed in OC, indicating a better prognosis for patients in the LR group. The LR group had a higher tumor mutation burden, immune cell infiltration abundance, and immune checkpoint expression. The results of the TIDE algorithm and the IMvigor210 cohort showed that the LR group was more likely to benefit from immunotherapy. Finally, ZFP36L1 and AP1S2 were identified as characteristic MRGs affecting OC and AD progression. Conclusion The risk profile containing seven genes identified in this study may help further guide clinical management and targeted therapy for OC. ZFP36L1 and AP1S2 may serve as biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for patients with OC and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Bicheng Ye
- School of Clinical Medicine, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
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Manca M, Standke HG, Browne DF, Huntley ML, Thomas OR, Orrú CD, Hughson AG, Kim Y, Zhang J, Tatsuoka C, Zhu X, Hiniker A, Coughlin DG, Galasko D, Kraus A. Tau seeds occur before earliest Alzheimer's changes and are prevalent across neurodegenerative diseases. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 146:31-50. [PMID: 37154939 PMCID: PMC10261243 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02574-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tau neurofibrillary tangles are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease neuropathological change. However, it remains largely unclear how distinctive Alzheimer's disease tau seeds (i.e. 3R/4R) correlate with histological indicators of tau accumulation. Furthermore, AD tau co-pathology is thought to influence features and progression of other neurodegenerative diseases including Lewy body disease; yet measurements of different types of tau seeds in the setting of such diseases is an unmet need. Here, we use tau real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assays to selectively quantitate 3R/4R tau seeds in the frontal lobe which accumulates histologically identifiable tau pathology at late disease stages of AD neuropathologic change. Seed quantitation across a spectrum of neurodegenerative disease cases and controls indicated tau seeding activity can be detected well before accompanying histopathological indication of tau deposits, and even prior to the earliest evidence of Alzheimer's-related tau accumulation anywhere in the brain. In later stages of AD, 3R/4R tau RT-QuIC measures correlated with immunohistochemical tau burden. In addition, Alzheimer's tau seeds occur in the vast majority of cases evaluated here inclusive of primary synucleinopathies, frontotemporal lobar degeneration and even controls albeit at multi-log lower levels than Alzheimer's cases. α-synuclein seeding activity confirmed synucleinopathy cases and further indicated the co-occurrence of α-synuclein seeds in some Alzheimer's disease and primary tauopathy cases. Our analysis indicates that 3R/4R tau seeds in the mid-frontal lobe correlate with the overall Braak stage and Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change, supporting the quantitative predictive value of tau RT-QuIC assays. Our data also indicate 3R/4R tau seeds are elevated in females compared to males at high (≥ IV) Braak stages. This study suggests 3R/4R tau seeds are widespread even prior to the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease changes, including in normal, and even young individuals, with prevalence across multiple neurodegenerative diseases to further define disease subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Manca
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Heidi G Standke
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Danielle F Browne
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Mikayla L Huntley
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Olivia R Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Christina D Orrú
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Andrew G Hughson
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Yongya Kim
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093-0612, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Curtis Tatsuoka
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Xiongwei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Annie Hiniker
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093-0612, USA
| | - David G Coughlin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093-0612, USA
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093-0612, USA
| | - Allison Kraus
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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37
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Samelson AJ, Ariqat N, McKetney J, Rohanitazangi G, Bravo CP, Goodness D, Tian R, Grosjean P, Abskharon R, Eisenberg D, Kanaan NM, Gan L, Condello C, Swaney DL, Kampmann M. CRISPR screens in iPSC-derived neurons reveal principles of tau proteostasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.16.545386. [PMID: 37398204 PMCID: PMC10312804 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.16.545386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of age-associated neurodegenerative diseases is the aggregation of proteins. Aggregation of the protein tau defines tauopathies, which include Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Specific neuronal subtypes are selectively vulnerable to the accumulation of tau aggregates, and subsequent dysfunction and death. The mechanisms underlying cell type-selective vulnerability are unknown. To systematically uncover the cellular factors controlling the accumulation of tau aggregates in human neurons, we conducted a genome-wide CRISPRi-based modifier screen in iPSC-derived neurons. The screen uncovered expected pathways, including autophagy, but also unexpected pathways including UFMylation and GPI anchor synthesis, that control tau oligomer levels. We identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase CUL5 as a tau interactor and potent modifier of tau levels. In addition, disruption of mitochondrial function increases tau oligomer levels and promotes proteasomal misprocessing of tau. These results reveal new principles of tau proteostasis in human neurons and pinpoint potential therapeutic targets for tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi J Samelson
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nabeela Ariqat
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Justin McKetney
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gita Rohanitazangi
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Celeste Parra Bravo
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Darrin Goodness
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ruilin Tian
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Parker Grosjean
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Romany Abskharon
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - David Eisenberg
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas M Kanaan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlo Condello
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, ca
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Kyalu Ngoie Zola N, Balty C, Pyr Dit Ruys S, Vanparys AAT, Huyghe NDG, Herinckx G, Johanns M, Boyer E, Kienlen-Campard P, Rider MH, Vertommen D, Hanseeuw BJ. Specific post-translational modifications of soluble tau protein distinguishes Alzheimer's disease and primary tauopathies. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3706. [PMID: 37349319 PMCID: PMC10287718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau protein aggregates in several neurodegenerative disorders, referred to as tauopathies. The tau isoforms observed in post mortem human brain aggregates is used to classify tauopathies. However, distinguishing tauopathies ante mortem remains challenging, potentially due to differences between insoluble tau in aggregates and soluble tau in body fluids. Here, we demonstrated that tau isoforms differ between tauopathies in insoluble aggregates, but not in soluble brain extracts. We therefore characterized post-translational modifications of both the aggregated and the soluble tau protein obtained from post mortem human brain tissue of patients with Alzheimer's disease, cortico-basal degeneration, Pick's disease, and frontotemporal lobe degeneration. We found specific soluble signatures for each tauopathy and its specific aggregated tau isoforms: including ubiquitination on Lysine 369 for cortico-basal degeneration and acetylation on Lysine 311 for Pick's disease. These findings provide potential targets for future development of fluid-based biomarker assays able to distinguish tauopathies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Kyalu Ngoie Zola
- Universite catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Universite catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and de Duve Institute (DDUV), Protein Phosphorylation (PHOS), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Clémence Balty
- Universite catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and de Duve Institute (DDUV), Protein Phosphorylation (PHOS), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Pyr Dit Ruys
- Universite catholique de Louvain (UClouvain) and Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Integrated Pharmacometrics, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacokinetics Group (PMGK), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle A T Vanparys
- Universite catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas D G Huyghe
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëtan Herinckx
- Universite catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), de Duve Institute (DDUV), and MASSPROT Platform, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manuel Johanns
- Universite catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and de Duve Institute (DDUV), Protein Phosphorylation (PHOS), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilien Boyer
- Universite catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Neurology Department, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascal Kienlen-Campard
- Universite catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mark H Rider
- Universite catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and de Duve Institute (DDUV), Protein Phosphorylation (PHOS), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Vertommen
- Universite catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), de Duve Institute (DDUV), and MASSPROT Platform, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard J Hanseeuw
- Universite catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
- Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Neurology Department, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
- Universite catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300, Wavre, Belgium.
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA.
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39
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Chen XR, Shao Y, Sadowski MJ. Interaction between KLOTHO-VS Heterozygosity and APOE ε4 Allele Predicts Rate of Cognitive Decline in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:917. [PMID: 37107675 PMCID: PMC10137709 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
KLOTHO-VS heterozygosity (KL-VShet+) promotes longevity and protects against cognitive decline in aging. To determine whether KL-VShet+ mitigates Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, we used longitudinal linear-mixed models to compare the rate of change in multiple cognitive measures in AD patients stratified by APOE ε4 carrier status. We aggregated data on 665 participants (208 KL-VShet-/ε4-, 307 KL-VShet-/ε4+, 66 KL-VShet+/ε4-, and 84 KL-VShet+/ε4+) from two prospective cohorts, the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. All participants were initially diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment, later developed AD dementia during the study, and had at least three subsequent visits. KL-VShet+ conferred slower cognitive decline in ε4 non-carriers (+0.287 MMSE points/year, p = 0.001; -0.104 CDR-SB points/year, p = 0.026; -0.042 ADCOMS points/year, p < 0.001) but not in ε4 carriers who generally had faster rates of decline than non-carriers. Stratified analyses showed that the protective effect of KL-VShet+ was particularly prominent in male participants, those who were older than the median baseline age of 76 years, or those who had an education level of at least 16 years. For the first time, our study provides evidence that KL-VShet+ status has a protective effect on AD progression and interacts with the ε4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Richard Chen
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yongzhao Shao
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Martin J. Sadowski
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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40
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Barker S, Paul BD, Pieper AA. Increased Risk of Aging-Related Neurodegenerative Disease after Traumatic Brain Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1154. [PMID: 37189772 PMCID: PMC10135798 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors frequently suffer from chronically progressive complications, including significantly increased risk of developing aging-related neurodegenerative disease. As advances in neurocritical care increase the number of TBI survivors, the impact and awareness of this problem are growing. The mechanisms by which TBI increases the risk of developing aging-related neurodegenerative disease, however, are not completely understood. As a result, there are no protective treatments for patients. Here, we review the current literature surrounding the epidemiology and potential mechanistic relationships between brain injury and aging-related neurodegenerative disease. In addition to increasing the risk for developing all forms of dementia, the most prominent aging-related neurodegenerative conditions that are accelerated by TBI are amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD), with ALS and FTD being the least well-established. Mechanistic links between TBI and all forms of dementia that are reviewed include oxidative stress, dysregulated proteostasis, and neuroinflammation. Disease-specific mechanistic links with TBI that are reviewed include TAR DNA binding protein 43 and motor cortex lesions in ALS and FTD; alpha-synuclein, dopaminergic cell death, and synergistic toxin exposure in PD; and brain insulin resistance, amyloid beta pathology, and tau pathology in AD. While compelling mechanistic links have been identified, significantly expanded investigation in the field is needed to develop therapies to protect TBI survivors from the increased risk of aging-related neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Barker
- Center for Brain Health Medicines, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Bindu D. Paul
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew A. Pieper
- Center for Brain Health Medicines, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Translational Therapeutics Core, Cleveland Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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41
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Bianco A, Antonacci Y, Liguori M. Sex and Gender Differences in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Challenges for Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076354. [PMID: 37047320 PMCID: PMC10093984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The term “neurodegenerative diseases” (NDs) identifies a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by progressive loss of selectively vulnerable populations of neurons, which progressively deteriorates over time, leading to neuronal dysfunction. Protein aggregation and neuronal loss have been considered the most characteristic hallmarks of NDs, but growing evidence confirms that significant dysregulation of innate immune pathways plays a crucial role as well. NDs vary from multiple sclerosis, in which the autoimmune inflammatory component is predominant, to more “classical” NDs, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and spinal muscular atrophy. Of interest, many of the clinical differences reported in NDs seem to be closely linked to sex, which may be justified by the significant changes in immune mechanisms between affected females and males. In this review, we examined some of the most studied NDs by looking at their pathogenic and phenotypical features to highlight sex-related discrepancies, if any, with particular interest in the individuals’ responses to treatment. We believe that pointing out these differences in clinical practice may help achieve more successful precision and personalized care.
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Yang YC, Zhao CJ, Jin ZF, Zheng J, Ma LT. Targeted therapy based on ubiquitin-specific proteases, signalling pathways and E3 ligases in non-small-cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1120828. [PMID: 36969062 PMCID: PMC10036052 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1120828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours worldwide, with the highest mortality rate. Approximately 1.6 million deaths owing to lung cancer are reported annually; of which, 85% of deaths occur owing to non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). At present, the conventional treatment methods for NSCLC include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and surgery. However, drug resistance and tumour invasion or metastasis often lead to treatment failure. The ubiquitin–proteasome pathway (UPP) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumours. Upregulation or inhibition of proteins or enzymes involved in UPP can promote or inhibit the occurrence and development of tumours, respectively. As regulators of UPP, ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) primarily inhibit the degradation of target proteins by proteasomes through deubiquitination and hence play a carcinogenic or anticancer role. This review focuses on the role of USPs in the occurrence and development of NSCLC and the potential of corresponding targeted drugs, PROTACs and small-molecule inhibitors in the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Can-Jun Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhao-Feng Jin
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Tian Ma, ; Jin Zheng,
| | - Li-Tian Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Tian Ma, ; Jin Zheng,
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Cui SS, Jiang QW, Chen SD. Sex difference in biological change and mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease: from macro- to micro-landscape. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101918. [PMID: 36967089 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and numerous studies reported a higher prevalence and incidence of AD among women. Although women have longer lifetime, longevity does not wholly explain the higher frequency and lifetime risk in women. It is important to understand sex differences in AD pathophysiology and pathogenesis, which could provide foundation for future clinical AD research. Here, we reviewed the most recent and relevant literature on sex differences in biological change of AD from macroscopical neuroimaging to microscopical pathologic change (neuronal degeneration, synaptic dysfunction, amyloid-beta and tau accumulation). We also discussed sex differences in cellular mechanisms related to AD (neuroinflammation, mitochondria dysfunction, oxygen stress, apoptosis, autophagy, blood-brain-barrier dysfunction, gut microbiome alteration, bulk and single cell/nucleus omics) and possible causes underlying these differences including sex-chromosome, sex hormone and hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Shuang Cui
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qian-Wen Jiang
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sheng-Di Chen
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Sato Y, Terawaki S, Oikawa D, Shimizu K, Okina Y, Ito H, Tokunaga F. Involvement of heterologous ubiquitination including linear ubiquitination in Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1089213. [PMID: 36726375 PMCID: PMC9884707 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1089213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the progressive accumulation of ubiquitin-positive cytoplasmic inclusions leads to proteinopathy and neurodegeneration. Along with the seven types of Lys-linked ubiquitin chains, the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC)-mediated Met1-linked linear ubiquitin chain, which activates the canonical NF-κB pathway, is also involved in cytoplasmic inclusions of tau in AD and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 in ALS. Post-translational modifications, including heterologous ubiquitination, affect proteasomal and autophagic degradation, inflammatory responses, and neurodegeneration. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SHARPIN and RBCK1 (which encodes HOIL-1L), components of LUBAC, were recently identified as genetic risk factors of AD. A structural biological simulation suggested that most of the SHARPIN SNPs that cause an amino acid replacement affect the structure and function of SHARPIN. Thus, the aberrant LUBAC activity is related to AD. Protein ubiquitination and ubiquitin-binding proteins, such as ubiquilin 2 and NEMO, facilitate liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), and linear ubiquitination seems to promote efficient LLPS. Therefore, the development of therapeutic approaches that target ubiquitination, such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and inhibitors of ubiquitin ligases, including LUBAC, is expected to be an additional effective strategy to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sato
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Seigo Terawaki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan,Department of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Oikawa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kouhei Shimizu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okina
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Ito
- Department of Neurology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fuminori Tokunaga
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan,*Correspondence: Fuminori Tokunaga,
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Garcia AX, Xu J, Cheng F, Ruppin E, Schäffer AA. Altered gene expression in excitatory neurons is associated with Alzheimer's disease and its higher incidence in women. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2023; 9:e12373. [PMID: 36873924 PMCID: PMC9983144 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving interactions between different cell types in the brain. Previous single-cell and bulk expression Alzheimer's studies have reported conflicting findings about the key cell types and cellular pathways whose expression is primarily altered in this disease. We re-analyzed these data in a uniform, coherent manner aiming to resolve and extend past findings. Our analysis sheds light on the observation that females have higher AD incidence than males. Methods We re-analyzed three single-cell transcriptomics datasets. We used the software Model-based Analysis of Single-cell Transcriptomics (MAST) to seek differentially expressed genes comparing AD cases to matched controls for both sexes together and each sex separately. We used the GOrilla software to search for enriched pathways among the differentially expressed genes. Motivated by the male/female difference in incidence, we studied genes on the X-chromosome, focusing on genes in the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) and on genes that are heterogeneous across individuals or tissues for X-inactivation. We validated findings by analyzing bulk AD datasets from the cortex in the Gene Expression Omnibus. Results Our results resolve a contradiction in the literature, showing that by comparing AD patients to unaffected controls, excitatory neurons have more differentially expressed genes than do other cell types. Synaptic transmission and related pathways are altered in a sex-specific analysis of excitatory neurons. PAR genes and X-chromosome heterogeneous genes, including, for example, BEX1 and ELK1, may contribute to the difference in sex incidence of Alzheimer's disease. GRIN1, stood out as an overexpressed autosomal gene in cases versus controls in all three single-cell datasets and as a functional candidate gene contributing to pathways upregulated in cases. Discussion Taken together, these results point to a potential linkage between two longstanding questions concerning AD pathogenesis, involving which cell type is the most important and why females have a higher incidence than males. Highlights By reanalyzing three, published, single-cell RNAseq datasets, we resolved a contradiction in the literature and showed that when comparing AD patients to unaffected controls, excitatory neurons have more differentially expressed genes than do other cell types.Further analysis of the published single-cell datasets showed that synaptic transmission and related pathways are altered in a sex-specific analysis of excitatory neurons.Combining analysis of single-cell datasets and publicly available bulk transcriptomics datasets revealed that X-chromosome genes, such as BEX1, ELK1, and USP11, whose X-inactivation status is heterogeneous may contribute to the higher incidence in females of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Xavier Garcia
- Cancer Data Science LaboratoryCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Present address:
Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri‐Institutional MD‐PhD ProgramNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Jielin Xu
- Genomic Medicine InstituteLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine InstituteLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Molecular MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science LaboratoryCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Alejandro A. Schäffer
- Cancer Data Science LaboratoryCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
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Sexual Dimorphism in Neurodegenerative Diseases and in Brain Ischemia. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010026. [PMID: 36671411 PMCID: PMC9855831 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies and clinical observations show evidence of sexual dimorphism in brain responses to several neurological conditions. It is suggested that sex-related differences between men and women may have profound effects on disease susceptibility, pathophysiology, and progression. Sexual differences of the brain are achieved through the complex interplay of several factors contributing to this phenomenon, such as sex hormones, as well as genetic and epigenetic differences. Despite recent advances, the precise link between these factors and brain disorders is incompletely understood. This review aims to briefly outline the most relevant aspects that differ between men and women in ischemia and neurodegenerative disorders (AD, PD, HD, ALS, and SM). Recognition of disparities between both sexes could aid the development of individual approaches to ameliorate or slow the progression of intractable disorders.
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Kang D, Baek Y, Lee JS. Mechanisms of RNA and Protein Quality Control and Their Roles in Cellular Senescence and Age-Related Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244062. [PMID: 36552825 PMCID: PMC9777292 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, is defined as irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to various stimuli. It plays both beneficial and detrimental roles in cellular homeostasis and diseases. Quality control (QC) is important for the proper maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The QC machineries regulate the integrity of RNA and protein by repairing or degrading them, and are dysregulated during cellular senescence. QC dysfunction also contributes to multiple age-related diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative, muscle, and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we describe the characters of cellular senescence, discuss the major mechanisms of RNA and protein QC in cellular senescence and aging, and comprehensively describe the involvement of these QC machineries in age-related diseases. There are many open questions regarding RNA and protein QC in cellular senescence and aging. We believe that a better understanding of these topics could propel the development of new strategies for addressing age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Kang
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yurim Baek
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-860-9832; Fax: +82-32-885-8302
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48
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Lewis S. Alzheimer's X-chromosome risk. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:710. [PMID: 36266577 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Paul BD. DUB'ling down uncovers an X-linked vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease. Cell 2022; 185:3854-3856. [PMID: 36240738 PMCID: PMC10029816 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although women are at higher risk for Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this issue of Cell, Yan et al. show that aberrantly high activity of X-linked USP11 deubiquitinase in women impairs clearance of tau, the principal component of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu D Paul
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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