1
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Combémorel N, Cavell N, Tyser RCV. Early heart development: examining the dynamics of function-form emergence. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1579-1589. [PMID: 38979619 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
During early embryonic development, the heart undergoes a remarkable and complex transformation, acquiring its iconic four-chamber structure whilst concomitantly contracting to maintain its essential function. The emergence of cardiac form and function involves intricate interplays between molecular, cellular, and biomechanical events, unfolding with precision in both space and time. The dynamic morphological remodelling of the developing heart renders it particularly vulnerable to congenital defects, with heart malformations being the most common type of congenital birth defect (∼35% of all congenital birth defects). This mini-review aims to give an overview of the morphogenetic processes which govern early heart formation as well as the dynamics and mechanisms of early cardiac function. Moreover, we aim to highlight some of the interplay between these two processes and discuss how recent findings and emerging techniques/models offer promising avenues for future exploration. In summary, the developing heart is an exciting model to gain fundamental insight into the dynamic relationship between form and function, which will augment our understanding of cardiac congenital defects and provide a blueprint for potential therapeutic strategies to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Combémorel
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge CB2 0AW, U.K
| | - Natasha Cavell
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge CB2 0AW, U.K
| | - Richard C V Tyser
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge CB2 0AW, U.K
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2
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Yao S, Zhu Y, He F, Yuan M, Jiang R, Zhang H, Fu Y, Wei K. JAK activity regulates mesoderm cell fate by controlling MESP1 expression. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151452. [PMID: 39182311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac development requires precise gene expression programs at each developmental stage guided by multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors (TFs). MESP1 is transiently expressed in mesoderm, and is essential for subsequent cardiac development, while the precise mechanism regulating its own transcription and mesoderm cell fate is not fully understood. Therefore, we developed a high content screen assay to identify regulators of MESP1 expression in mesodermal cells differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). The screen identified CYT387, a JAK1/JAK2 kinase inhibitor, as a potent activator of MESP1 expression, which was also found to promote cardiomyocyte differentiation in vitro. Mechanistic studies found that JAK inhibition promotes MESP1 expression by reducing cytoplasmic calcium concentration and subsequently activating canonical WNT signaling. Our study identified a role of JAK signaling in early mesodermal cells, and sheds light on the connection between the JAK-STAT pathway and transcriptional regulation of MESP1, which expands our understanding of mesoderm and cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yalin Zhu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fenglian He
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Min Yuan
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanbin Fu
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Wei
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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3
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Chen B, Khan H, Yu Z, Yao L, Freeburne E, Jo K, Johnson C, Heemskerk I. Extended culture of 2D gastruloids to model human mesoderm development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.21.585753. [PMID: 38585971 PMCID: PMC10996563 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.21.585753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Micropatterned human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) treated with BMP4 (2D gastruloids) are among the most widely used stem cell models for human gastrulation. Due to its simplicity and reproducibility, this system is ideal for high throughput quantitative studies of tissue patterning and has led to many insights into the mechanisms of mammalian gastrulation. However, 2D gastruloids have only been studied up to 48h. Here we extended this system to 96h. We discovered a phase of highly reproducible morphogenesis during which directed migration from the primitive streak-like region gives rise to a mesodermal layer beneath an epiblast-like layer. Multiple types of mesoderm arise with striking spatial organization including lateral mesoderm-like cells on the colony border and paraxial mesoderm-like further inside the colony. Single cell transcriptomics showed strong similarity of these cells to mesoderm in human and non-human primate embryos. However, our data suggest that the annotation of the reference human embryo may need to be revised. This illustrates that extended culture of 2D gastruloids provides a powerful model for human mesoderm differentiation and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Chen
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hina Khan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - LiAng Yao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Emily Freeburne
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kyoung Jo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Craig Johnson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Idse Heemskerk
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Center for Cell Plasticity and Organ Design, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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4
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Ichimura T, Kakizuka T, Sato Y, Fujioka Y, Ohba Y, Horikawa K, Nagai T. Strength in numbers: Unleashing the potential of trans-scale scope AMATERAS for massive cell quantification. Biophys Physicobiol 2024; 21:e211017. [PMID: 39175860 PMCID: PMC11338690 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v21.s017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Singularity biology is a scientific field that targets drastic state changes in multicellular systems, aiming to discover the key cells that induce the state change and investigate the mechanisms behind them. To achieve this goal, we developed a trans-scale optical imaging system (trans-scale scope), that is capable of capturing both macroscale changes across the entire system and the micro-scale behavior of individual cells, surpassing the cell observation capabilities of traditional microscopes. We developed two units of the trans-scale scope, named AMATERAS-1 and -2, which demonstrated the ability to observe multicellular systems consisting of over one million cells in a single field of view with sub-cellular resolution. This flagship instrument has been used to observe the dynamics of various cell species, with the advantage of being able to observe a large number of cells, allowing the detection and analysis of rare events and cells such as leader cells in multicellular pattern formation and cells that spontaneously initiate calcium waves. In this paper, we present the design concept of AMATERAS, the optical configuration, and several examples of observations, and demonstrate how the strength-in-numbers works in life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Ichimura
- Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taishi Kakizuka
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Fujioka
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kazuki Horikawa
- Department of Optical Imaging, Advanced Research Promotion Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
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5
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Guijarro C, Kelly RG. On the involvement of the second heart field in congenital heart defects. C R Biol 2024; 347:9-18. [PMID: 38488639 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD) affect 1 in 100 live births and result from defects in cardiac development. Growth of the early heart tube occurs by the progressive addition of second heart field (SHF) progenitor cells to the cardiac poles. The SHF gives rise to ventricular septal, right ventricular and outflow tract myocardium at the arterial pole, and atrial, including atrial septal myocardium, at the venous pole. SHF deployment creates the template for subsequent cardiac septation and has been implicated in cardiac looping and in orchestrating outflow tract development with neural crest cells. Genetic or environmental perturbation of SHF deployment thus underlies a spectrum of common forms of CHD affecting conotruncal and septal morphogenesis. Here we review the major properties of SHF cells as well as recent insights into the developmental programs that drive normal cardiac progenitor cell addition and the origins of CHD.
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6
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Kathiriya IS, Dominguez MH, Rao KS, Muncie-Vasic JM, Devine WP, Hu KM, Hota SK, Garay BI, Quintero D, Goyal P, Matthews MN, Thomas R, Sukonnik T, Miguel-Perez D, Winchester S, Brower EF, Forjaz A, Wu PH, Wirtz D, Kiemen AL, Bruneau BG. A disrupted compartment boundary underlies abnormal cardiac patterning and congenital heart defects. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.05.578995. [PMID: 38370632 PMCID: PMC10871243 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.05.578995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Failure of septation of the interventricular septum (IVS) is the most common congenital heart defect (CHD), but mechanisms for patterning the IVS are largely unknown. We show that a Tbx5+/Mef2cAHF+ progenitor lineage forms a compartment boundary bisecting the IVS. This coordinated population originates at a first- and second heart field interface, subsequently forming a morphogenetic nexus. Ablation of Tbx5+/Mef2cAHF+ progenitors cause IVS disorganization, right ventricular hypoplasia and mixing of IVS lineages. Reduced dosage of the CHD transcription factor TBX5 disrupts boundary position and integrity, resulting in ventricular septation defects (VSDs) and patterning defects, including Slit2 and Ntn1 misexpression. Reducing NTN1 dosage partly rescues cardiac defects in Tbx5 mutant embryos. Loss of Slit2 or Ntn1 causes VSDs and perturbed septal lineage distributions. Thus, we identify essential cues that direct progenitors to pattern a compartment boundary for proper cardiac septation, revealing new mechanisms for cardiac birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan S Kathiriya
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Martin H Dominguez
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Current address: Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kavitha S Rao
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - W Patrick Devine
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Current address: Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kevin M Hu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Current address: Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE
| | - Swetansu K Hota
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Current address: Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Bayardo I Garay
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Current address: University of Minnesota Medical Scientist Training Program, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Diego Quintero
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Current address: Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Piyush Goyal
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Current address: Touro University California, Vallejo, CA
| | - Megan N Matthews
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - André Forjaz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ashley L Kiemen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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7
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Noël ES. Cardiac construction-Recent advances in morphological and transcriptional modeling of early heart development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 156:121-156. [PMID: 38556421 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
During human embryonic development the early establishment of a functional heart is vital to support the growing fetus. However, forming the embryonic heart is an extremely complex process, requiring spatiotemporally controlled cell specification and differentiation, tissue organization, and coordination of cardiac function. These complexities, in concert with the early and rapid development of the embryonic heart, mean that understanding the intricate interplay between these processes that help shape the early heart remains highly challenging. In this review I focus on recent insights from animal models that have shed new light on the earliest stages of heart development. This includes specification and organization of cardiac progenitors, cell and tissue movements that make and shape the early heart tube, and the initiation of the first beat in the developing heart. In addition I highlight relevant in vitro models that could support translation of findings from animal models to human heart development. Finally I discuss challenges that are being addressed in the field, along with future considerations that together may help move us towards a deeper understanding of how our hearts are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Noël
- School of Biosciences and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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8
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Liu J, Prahl LS, Huang A, Hughes AJ. Measurement of adhesion and traction of cells at high yield (MATCHY) reveals an energetic ratchet driving nephron condensation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.07.579368. [PMID: 38370771 PMCID: PMC10871361 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.07.579368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Engineering of embryonic strategies for tissue-building has extraordinary promise for regenerative medicine. This has led to a resurgence in interest in the relationship between cell biophysical properties and morphological transitions. However, mapping gene or protein expression data to cell biophysical properties to physical morphogenesis remains challenging with current techniques. Here we present MATCHY (multiplexed adhesion and traction of cells at high yield). MATCHY advances the multiplexing and throughput capabilities of existing traction force and cell-cell adhesion assays using microfabrication and an automated computation scheme with machine learning-driven cell segmentation. Both biophysical assays are coupled with serial downstream immunofluorescence to extract cell type/signaling state information. MATCHY is especially suited to complex primary tissue-, organoid-, or biopsy-derived cell mixtures since it does not rely on a priori knowledge of cell surface markers, cell sorting, or use of lineage-specific reporter animals. We first validate MATCHY on canine kidney epithelial cells engineered for RET tyrosine kinase expression and quantify a relationship between downstream signaling and cell traction. We go on to create a biophysical atlas of primary cells dissociated from the mouse embryonic kidney and use MATCHY to identify distinct biophysical states along the nephron differentiation trajectory. Our data complement expression-level knowledge of adhesion molecule changes that accompany nephron differentiation with quantitative biophysical information. These data reveal an 'energetic ratchet' that explains spatial nephron progenitor cell condensation from the niche as they differentiate, which we validate through agent-based computational simulation. MATCHY offers automated cell biophysical characterization at >104-cell throughput, a highly enabling advance for fundamental studies and new synthetic tissue design strategies for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiageng Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Louis S. Prahl
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Aria Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Alex J. Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
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9
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Shrestha R, McCann T, Saravanan H, Lieberth J, Koirala P, Bloomekatz J. The myocardium utilizes a platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfra)-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascade to steer toward the midline during zebrafish heart tube formation. eLife 2023; 12:e85930. [PMID: 37921445 PMCID: PMC10651176 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated cell movement is a fundamental process in organ formation. During heart development, bilateral myocardial precursors collectively move toward the midline (cardiac fusion) to form the primitive heart tube. Extrinsic influences such as the adjacent anterior endoderm are known to be required for cardiac fusion. We previously showed however, that the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfra) is also required for cardiac fusion (Bloomekatz et al., 2017). Nevertheless, an intrinsic mechanism that regulates myocardial movement has not been elucidated. Here, we show that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) intracellular signaling pathway has an essential intrinsic role in the myocardium directing movement toward the midline. In vivo imaging further reveals midline-oriented dynamic myocardial membrane protrusions that become unpolarized in PI3K-inhibited zebrafish embryos where myocardial movements are misdirected and slower. Moreover, we find that PI3K activity is dependent on and interacts with Pdgfra to regulate myocardial movement. Together our findings reveal an intrinsic myocardial steering mechanism that responds to extrinsic cues during the initiation of cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabina Shrestha
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Tess McCann
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Harini Saravanan
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Jaret Lieberth
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Prashanna Koirala
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Joshua Bloomekatz
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
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10
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Kelly RG. [Early heart development: the movie]. Med Sci (Paris) 2023; 39:807-809. [PMID: 38018917 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille université, CNRS UMR 7288, Institut de biologie du développement de Marseille, Marseille, France
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11
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Edwards W, Bussey OK, Conlon FL. The Tbx20-TLE interaction is essential for the maintenance of the second heart field. Development 2023; 150:dev201677. [PMID: 37756602 PMCID: PMC10629681 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
T-box transcription factor 20 (Tbx20) plays a multifaceted role in cardiac morphogenesis and controls a broad gene regulatory network. However, the mechanism by which Tbx20 activates and represses target genes in a tissue-specific and temporal manner remains unclear. Studies show that Tbx20 directly interacts with the Transducin-like Enhancer of Split (TLE) family of proteins to mediate transcriptional repression. However, a function for the Tbx20-TLE transcriptional repression complex during heart development has yet to be established. We created a mouse model with a two amino acid substitution in the Tbx20 EH1 domain, thereby disrupting the Tbx20-TLE interaction. Disruption of this interaction impaired crucial morphogenic events, including cardiac looping and chamber formation. Transcriptional profiling of Tbx20EH1Mut hearts and analysis of putative direct targets revealed misexpression of the retinoic acid pathway and cardiac progenitor genes. Further, we show that altered cardiac progenitor development and function contribute to the severe cardiac defects in our model. Our studies indicate that TLE-mediated repression is a primary mechanism by which Tbx20 controls gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Edwards
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Olivia K. Bussey
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Frank L. Conlon
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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12
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Watanabe Y, Wang Y, Tanaka Y, Iwase A, Kawamura T, Saga Y, Yashiro K, Kurihara H, Nakagawa O. Hey2 enhancer activity defines unipotent progenitors for left ventricular cardiomyocytes in juxta-cardiac field of early mouse embryo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307658120. [PMID: 37669370 PMCID: PMC10500178 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307658120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac crescent is the first structure of the heart and contains progenitor cells of the first heart field, which primarily differentiate into left ventricular cardiomyocytes. The interface between the forming cardiac crescent and extraembryonic tissue is known as the juxta-cardiac field (JCF), and progenitor cells in this heart field contribute to the myocardium of the left ventricle and atrioventricular canal as well as the epicardium. However, it is unclear whether there are progenitor cells that differentiate specifically into left ventricular cardiomyocytes. We have previously demonstrated that an enhancer of the gene encoding the Hey2 bHLH transcriptional repressor is activated in the ventricular myocardium during mouse embryonic development. In this study, we aimed to investigate the characteristics of cardiomyocyte progenitor cells and their cell lineages by analyzing Hey2 enhancer activity at the earliest stages of heart formation. We found that the Hey2 enhancer initiated its activity prior to cardiomyocyte differentiation within the JCF. Hey2 enhancer-active cells were present rostrally to the Tbx5-expressing region at the early phase of cardiac crescent formation and differentiated exclusively into left ventricular cardiomyocytes in a lineage distinct from the Tbx5-positive lineage. By the late phase of cardiac crescent formation, Hey2 enhancer activity became significantly overlapped with Tbx5 expression in cells that contribute to the left ventricular myocardium. Our study reveals that a population of unipotent progenitor cells for left ventricular cardiomyocytes emerge in the JCF, providing further insight into the mode of cell type diversification during early cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka564-8565, Japan
| | - Yunce Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka564-8565, Japan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga525-8577, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka564-8565, Japan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga525-8577, Japan
| | - Akiyasu Iwase
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Kawamura
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga525-8577, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka411-8582, Japan
| | - Kenta Yashiro
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Anatomy, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo, Kyoto602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurihara
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka564-8565, Japan
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13
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Tyser RCV. Formation of the Heart: Defining Cardiomyocyte Progenitors at Single-Cell Resolution. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:495-503. [PMID: 37119451 PMCID: PMC10188409 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01880-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Formation of the heart requires the coordinated addition of multiple progenitor sources which have undergone different pathways of specification and differentiation. In this review, I aim to put into context how recent studies defining cardiac progenitor heterogeneity build on our understanding of early heart development and also discuss the questions raised by this new insight. RECENT FINDINGS With the development of sequencing technologies and imaging approaches, it has been possible to define, at high temporal resolution, the molecular profile and anatomical location of cardiac progenitors at the single-cell level, during the formation of the mammalian heart. Given the recent progress in our understanding of early heart development and technical advances in high-resolution time-lapse imaging and lineage analysis, we are now in a position of great potential, allowing us to resolve heart formation at previously impossible levels of detail. Understanding how this essential organ forms not only addresses questions of fundamental biological significance but also provides a blueprint for strategies to both treat and model heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C V Tyser
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
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14
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Erickson RP. A new kind of embryonic field? Dev Biol 2023; 499:22-23. [PMID: 37149123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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15
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Krup AL, Winchester SAB, Ranade SS, Agrawal A, Devine WP, Sinha T, Choudhary K, Dominguez MH, Thomas R, Black BL, Srivastava D, Bruneau BG. A Mesp1-dependent developmental breakpoint in transcriptional and epigenomic specification of early cardiac precursors. Development 2023; 150:dev201229. [PMID: 36994838 PMCID: PMC10259516 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional networks governing cardiac precursor cell (CPC) specification are incompletely understood owing, in part, to limitations in distinguishing CPCs from non-cardiac mesoderm in early gastrulation. We leveraged detection of early cardiac lineage transgenes within a granular single-cell transcriptomic time course of mouse embryos to identify emerging CPCs and describe their transcriptional profiles. Mesp1, a transiently expressed mesodermal transcription factor, is canonically described as an early regulator of cardiac specification. However, we observed perdurance of CPC transgene-expressing cells in Mesp1 mutants, albeit mislocalized, prompting us to investigate the scope of the role of Mesp1 in CPC emergence and differentiation. Mesp1 mutant CPCs failed to robustly activate markers of cardiomyocyte maturity and crucial cardiac transcription factors, yet they exhibited transcriptional profiles resembling cardiac mesoderm progressing towards cardiomyocyte fates. Single-cell chromatin accessibility analysis defined a Mesp1-dependent developmental breakpoint in cardiac lineage progression at a shift from mesendoderm transcriptional networks to those necessary for cardiac patterning and morphogenesis. These results reveal Mesp1-independent aspects of early CPC specification and underscore a Mesp1-dependent regulatory landscape required for progression through cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Leigh Krup
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sarah A. B. Winchester
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sanjeev S. Ranade
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ayushi Agrawal
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - W. Patrick Devine
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tanvi Sinha
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Krishna Choudhary
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Martin H. Dominguez
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Reuben Thomas
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brian L. Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Benoit G. Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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16
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Guo QY, Yang JQ, Feng XX, Zhou YJ. Regeneration of the heart: from molecular mechanisms to clinical therapeutics. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:18. [PMID: 37098604 PMCID: PMC10131330 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart injury such as myocardial infarction leads to cardiomyocyte loss, fibrotic tissue deposition, and scar formation. These changes reduce cardiac contractility, resulting in heart failure, which causes a huge public health burden. Military personnel, compared with civilians, is exposed to more stress, a risk factor for heart diseases, making cardiovascular health management and treatment innovation an important topic for military medicine. So far, medical intervention can slow down cardiovascular disease progression, but not yet induce heart regeneration. In the past decades, studies have focused on mechanisms underlying the regenerative capability of the heart and applicable approaches to reverse heart injury. Insights have emerged from studies in animal models and early clinical trials. Clinical interventions show the potential to reduce scar formation and enhance cardiomyocyte proliferation that counteracts the pathogenesis of heart disease. In this review, we discuss the signaling events controlling the regeneration of heart tissue and summarize current therapeutic approaches to promote heart regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yun Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jia-Qi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xun-Xun Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China.
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17
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Raiola M, Sendra M, Torres M. Imaging Approaches and the Quantitative Analysis of Heart Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:145. [PMID: 37103024 PMCID: PMC10144158 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10040145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart morphogenesis is a complex and dynamic process that has captivated researchers for almost a century. This process involves three main stages, during which the heart undergoes growth and folding on itself to form its common chambered shape. However, imaging heart development presents significant challenges due to the rapid and dynamic changes in heart morphology. Researchers have used different model organisms and developed various imaging techniques to obtain high-resolution images of heart development. Advanced imaging techniques have allowed the integration of multiscale live imaging approaches with genetic labeling, enabling the quantitative analysis of cardiac morphogenesis. Here, we discuss the various imaging techniques used to obtain high-resolution images of whole-heart development. We also review the mathematical approaches used to quantify cardiac morphogenesis from 3D and 3D+time images and to model its dynamics at the tissue and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Raiola
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (M.S.)
- Departamento de Ingeniería Biomedica, ETSI de Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Sendra
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Miguel Torres
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.); (M.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Kelly RG. The heart field transcriptional landscape at single-cell resolution. Dev Cell 2023; 58:257-266. [PMID: 36809764 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Organogenesis requires the orchestrated development of multiple cell lineages that converge, interact, and specialize to generate coherent functional structures, exemplified by transformation of the cardiac crescent into a four-chambered heart. Cardiomyocytes originate from the first and second heart fields, which make different regional contributions to the definitive heart. In this review, a series of recent single-cell transcriptomic analyses, together with genetic tracing experiments, are discussed, providing a detailed panorama of the cardiac progenitor cell landscape. These studies reveal that first heart field cells originate in a juxtacardiac field adjacent to extraembryonic mesoderm and contribute to the ventrolateral side of the cardiac primordium. In contrast, second heart field cells are deployed dorsomedially from a multilineage-primed progenitor population via arterial and venous pole pathways. Refining our knowledge of the origin and developmental trajectories of cells that build the heart is essential to address outstanding challenges in cardiac biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France.
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