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Pepin R, Ringuet J, Beaudet MJ, Bellenfant S, Galbraith T, Veillette H, Pouliot R, Berthod F. Sensory neurons increase keratinocyte proliferation through CGRP release in a tissue engineered in vitro model of innervation in psoriasis. Acta Biomater 2024; 182:1-13. [PMID: 38750917 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Skin denervation has been shown to cause remission of psoriatic lesions in patients, which can reappear if reinnervation occurs. This effect can be induced by the activation of dendritic cells through sensory innervation. However, a direct effect of nerves on the proliferation of keratinocytes involved in the formation of psoriatic plaques has not been investigated. We developed, by tissue engineering, a model of psoriatic skin made of patient skin cells that showed increased keratinocyte proliferation and epidermal thickness compared to healthy controls. When this model was treated with CGRP, a neuropeptide released by sensory neurons, an increased keratinocyte proliferation was observed in the psoriatic skin model, but not in the control. When a sensory nerve network was incorporated in the psoriatic model and treated with capsaicin to induce neuropeptide release, an increase of keratinocyte proliferation was confirmed, which was blocked by a CGRP antagonist while no difference was noticed in the innervated healthy control. We showed that sensory neurons can participate directly to keratinocyte hyperproliferation in the formation of psoriatic lesions through the release of CGRP, independently of the immune system. Our unique tissue-engineered innervated psoriatic skin model could be a valuable tool to better understand the mechanism by which nerves may modulate psoriatic lesion formation in humans. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study shows that keratinocytes extracted from patients' psoriatic skin retain, at least in part, the disease phenotype. Indeed, when combined in a 3D model of tissue-engineered psoriatic skin, keratinocytes exhibited a higher proliferation rate, and produced a thicker epidermis than a healthy skin control. In addition, their hyperproliferation was aggravated by a treatment with CGRP, a neuropeptide released by sensory nerves. In a innervated model of tissue-engineered psoriatic skin, an increase in keratinocyte hyperproliferation was also observed after inducing neurons to release neuropeptides. This effect was prevented by concomitant treatment with an antagonist to CGRP. Thus, this study shows that sensory nerves can directly participate to affect keratinocyte hyperproliferation in psoriasis through CGRP release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Pepin
- LOEX, CHU de Québec-Université Laval research center, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Julien Ringuet
- Division of Dermatology, CHU de Québec-Université Laval research center, Quebec City, Canada
| | | | - Sabrina Bellenfant
- LOEX, CHU de Québec-Université Laval research center, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Todd Galbraith
- LOEX, CHU de Québec-Université Laval research center, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Hélène Veillette
- Division of Dermatology, CHU de Québec-Université Laval research center, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Roxane Pouliot
- LOEX, CHU de Québec-Université Laval research center, Quebec City, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - François Berthod
- LOEX, CHU de Québec-Université Laval research center, Quebec City, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.
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2
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Zhang J, Zhao S, Xing X, Shang L, Cao J, He Y. Effects of Neuropeptides on Dendritic Cells in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:35-43. [PMID: 36636251 PMCID: PMC9831526 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s397079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by discolored, scaled patches of skin. Clinically, it is found that psychological factors often induce or aggravate the disease. Current research suggests that the pathogenesis of psoriasis involves the nervous and immune systems. This article reviews how neuropeptides secreted by nerve fibers affect dendritic cells in psoriasis. In this review, we describe that the neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal peptide can act on dendritic cells and participate in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. These neuropeptides can affect the secretion of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 by dendritic cells, which stimulate T helper (Th)1, Th17, and Th22 cells to produce immune responses and cause the manifestation of psoriasis. The application of neuropeptide inhibitors can improve the skin lesions of psoriasis, which has been confirmed in clinical trials. Therefore, neuroimmune response may be a new direction to develop new drug treatments and perspectives in the development of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siqi Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinzhu Xing
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Shang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiali Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanling He
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Branch in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yanling He, Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-10-85231889, Email
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3
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Vuković D, Ogorevc M, Tripković I, Puizina-Ivić N, Saraga-Babić M, Mardešić S. The Distribution of Innervation and Immune Cell Infiltration Is Different in Genital and Extragenital Variants of Lichen Sclerosus. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1767. [PMID: 36551194 PMCID: PMC9775107 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a progressive skin disease that is characterized by chronic inflammation of either genital or extragenital skin, and it disproportionately affects women. We analyzed the distribution of nerve fibers, vanilloid receptors, cell proliferation, mast cells and macrophages in genital and extragenital LS samples, as well as in healthy skin, by using immunohistochemistry. The total amount of intraepidermal nerve fibers was lower in LS samples compared to healthy controls, while the total amount of subepidermal nerve fibers and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) positive fibers was higher in genital LS samples compared to both extragenital LS and healthy controls. Cell proliferation, macrophage and mast cell density were increased in LS samples compared to healthy controls. Genital LS had a higher macrophage density compared to the extragenital variant. Mast cell distribution significantly differed between genital and extragenital LS samples, even though their total mast cell densities were similar. These findings could explain the differences between pruritic symptoms of genital and extragenital LS and provide targets for the research of novel therapeutic strategies for LS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Vuković
- Department of Dermatovenerology, University Hospital Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marin Ogorevc
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivo Tripković
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Neira Puizina-Ivić
- Department of Dermatovenerology, University Hospital Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Mirna Saraga-Babić
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Snježana Mardešić
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
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4
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McIlvried LA, Atherton MA, Horan NL, Goch TN, Scheff NN. Sensory Neurotransmitter Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Modulates Tumor Growth and Lymphocyte Infiltration in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200019. [PMID: 35388989 PMCID: PMC9474661 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are highly innervated by peripheral sensory neurons. Local neurotransmitter release (e.g., calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)) from sensory neurons innervating cancer is linked to tumorigenesis. CGRP-immunoreactive nerve presence comprised 9.53±1.9% of total nerve area across 11 HNSCC patients. A syngeneic tongue tumor transplant mouse model of oral cancer and a global Calca knockout mouse (CGRPKO ) are used to investigate the impact of CGRP signaling on tumor growth and the associated immune response in vivo. In tumor-bearing CGRPKO mice, there is a significant reduction in tumor size over time compared to wildtype mice using two different mouse oral cancer cell lines. Furthermore, tumor tissue from CGRPKO mice had a significant increase in tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and NK1.1+ NK cells compared to wildtype. Fluorescent-activated cell sorting and real-time qPCR are used to confirm that CD4+ T cells are isolated from tumor-bearing wildtype mice containing a high expression of Ramp1 compared to sham mice. These data suggest that sensory neurotransmitter CGRP may modulate oral cancer progression via tumor immunosurveillance. Understanding the relationship between sensory neurons and cancer will aid in repurposing clinically available nervous system drugs for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A McIlvried
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Megan A Atherton
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Nicole L Horan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Tori N Goch
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Nicole N Scheff
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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5
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Dubeykovskaya ZA, Tu NH, Garcia PDR, Schmidt BL, Albertson DG. Oral Cancer Cells Release Vesicles that Cause Pain. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200073. [PMID: 35802912 PMCID: PMC9474716 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer pain is attributed to the release from cancers of mediators that sensitize and activate sensory neurons. Intraplantar injection of conditioned media (CM) from human tongue cancer cell line HSC-3 or OSC-20 evokes nociceptive behavior. By contrast, CM from noncancer cell lines, DOK, and HaCaT are non-nociceptive. Pain mediators are carried by extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cancer cells. Depletion of EVs from cancer cell line CM reverses mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. CM from non-nociceptive cell lines become nociceptive when reconstituted with HSC-3 EVs. Two miRNAs (hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-221-3p) are identified that are present in increased abundance in EVs from HSC-3 and OSC-20 CM compared to HaCaT CM. The miRNA target genes suggest potential involvement in oral cancer pain of the toll like receptor 7 (TLR7) and 8 (TLR8) pathways, as well as signaling through interleukin 6 cytokine family signal transducer receptor (gp130, encoded by IL6ST) and colony stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR, encoded by CSF3R), Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3). These studies confirm the recent discovery of the role of cancer EVs in pain and add to the repertoire of algesic and analgesic cancer pain mediators and pathways that contribute to oral cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinaida A Dubeykovskaya
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Nguyen Huu Tu
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Paulina D Ramírez Garcia
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Brian L Schmidt
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Donna G Albertson
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
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6
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Niehues H, Rikken G, van Vlijmen-Willems IM, Rodijk-Olthuis D, van Erp PE, Zeeuwen PL, Schalkwijk J, van den Bogaard EH. Identification of Keratinocyte Mitogens: Implications for Hyperproliferation in Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 2:100066. [PMID: 35146480 PMCID: PMC8801538 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis are chronic inflammatory skin diseases characterized by keratinocyte (KC) hyperproliferation and epidermal acanthosis (hyperplasia). The milieu of disease-associated cytokines and soluble factors is considered a mitogenic factor; however, pinpointing the exact mitogens in this complex microenvironment is challenging. We employed organotypic human epidermal equivalents, faithfully mimicking native epidermal proliferation and stratification, to evaluate the proliferative effects of a broad panel of (literature-based) potential mitogens. The KC GF molecule, the T-helper 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, and the psoriasis-associated cytokine IL-17A caused acanthosis by hyperplasia through a doubling in the number of proliferating KCs. In contrast, IFN-γ lowered proliferation, whereas IL-6, IL-20, IL-22, and oncostatin M induced acanthosis not by hyperproliferation but by hypertrophy. The T-helper 2‒cytokine‒mediated hyperproliferation was Jak/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 dependent, whereas IL-17A and KC GF induced MAPK/extracellular signal‒regulated kinase kinase/extracellular signal‒regulated kinase‒dependent proliferation. This discovery that key regulators in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are direct KC mitogens not only adds evidence to their crucial role in the pathophysiological processes but also highlights an additional therapeutic pillar for the mode of action of targeting biologicals (e.g., dupilumab) or small-molecule drugs (e.g., tofacitinib) by the normalization of KC turnover within the epidermal compartment.
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Key Words
- 3D, three-dimensional
- AD, atopic dermatitis
- ERK, extracellular signal‒regulated kinase
- EdU, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine
- HEE, human epidermal equivalent
- KC, keratinocyte
- KGF, keratinocyte GF
- MEK, MAPK/ extracellular signal‒regulated kinase kinase
- STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- Th, T helper
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Niehues
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Rikken
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M.J.J. van Vlijmen-Willems
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Rodijk-Olthuis
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Piet E.J. van Erp
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick L.J.M. Zeeuwen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen H. van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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7
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The Local Neuropeptide System of Keratinocytes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121854. [PMID: 34944669 PMCID: PMC8698570 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides have been known for over 50 years as chemical signals in the brain. However, it is now well established that the synthesis of this class of peptides is not restricted to neurons. For example, human skin not only expresses several functional receptors for neuropeptides but, also, can serve as a local source of neuroactive molecules such as corticotropin-releasing hormone, melanocortins, and β-endorphin. In contrast, an equivalent of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in the oral mucosa has not been well characterized to date. In view of the differences in the morphology and function of oral mucosal and skin cells, in this review I surveyed the existing evidence for a local synthesis of hypothalamic-pituitary, opiate, neurohypophyseal, and neuroendocrine neuropeptides in both epidermal and oral keratinocytes.
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8
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Kang HM, Won KJ, Kim DY, Lee SY, Kim MJ, Won YR, Kim B, Lee HM. Chemical Composition of Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens Flower Absolute and Its Beneficial Effects on Skin Wound Healing and Melanogenesis-Related Cell Activities. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100383. [PMID: 34405949 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens (MSP, flame grass) is found in Korea, Japan, and China, and its biological activities include anti-cancer, detoxifying, vasodilatory, antipyretic, and diuretic effects. However, no study has investigated the effects of MSP on skin-related biological activities. In this study, we explored the effects of the absolute extracted from the MSP flowers (MSPFAb) on skin wound healing- and whitening-related responses in keratinocytes or melanocytes. MSPFAb contained 6 components and induced the proliferation, migration, and syntheses of type I and IV collagens in keratinocytes. MSPFAb also increased the phosphorylations of serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 in keratinocytes. In addition, treatment with MSPFAb decreased serum-induced melanoma cell proliferation and inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin contents in α-MSH-stimulated melanoma cells. Taken together, this study indicates MSPFAb may promote wound healing- and whitening-associated activities in dermal cells, and suggests that it has potential use as a wound healing and skin whitening agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Min Kang
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, South Korea
| | - Kyung Jong Won
- Department of Physiology and Medical science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Do Yoon Kim
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, South Korea
| | - Su Yeon Lee
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, South Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kim
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, South Korea
| | - Yu Rim Won
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, South Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Physiology and Medical science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Hwan Myung Lee
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, South Korea
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9
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Jiang B, Tong X, Yan S, Lu J. Current views on neuropeptides in atopic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1588-1597. [PMID: 33963624 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease involving skin barrier dysfunction and immune imbalance. However, the mechanism of AD is not clear completely and may be related to heredity and environment. Neuropeptides are a class of peptides secreted by nerve endings, they may play roles in promoting vasodilation, plasma extravasation, chemotaxis of inflammatory cells and mediating pruritus. Since itching and immune cell infiltration are the main manifestations of atopic dermatitis, to further investigate the impact of neuropeptides on AD, our review summarized the mechanisms of several common neuropeptides in AD and hypothesized that neuropeptides may be the novel potential targets in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hanyi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Boyue Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoliang Tong
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siyu Yan
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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10
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Hosio M, Jaks V, Lagus H, Vuola J, Ogawa R, Kankuri E. Primary Ciliary Signaling in the Skin-Contribution to Wound Healing and Scarring. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:578384. [PMID: 33282860 PMCID: PMC7691485 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.578384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia (PC) are solitary, post-mitotic, microtubule-based, and membrane-covered protrusions that are found on almost every mammalian cell. PC are specialized cellular sensory organelles that transmit environmental information to the cell. Signaling through PC is involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Conversely, defective, or abnormal PC signaling can contribute to the development of various pathological conditions. Our knowledge of the role of PC in organ development and function is largely based on ciliopathies, a family of genetic disorders with mutations affecting the structure and function of PC. In this review, we focus on the role of PC in their major signaling pathways active in skin cells, and their contribution to wound healing and scarring. To provide comprehensive insights into the current understanding of PC functions, we have collected data available in the literature, including evidence across cell types, tissues, and animal species. We conclude that PC are underappreciated subcellular organelles that significantly contribute to both physiological and pathological processes of the skin development and wound healing. Thus, PC assembly and disassembly and PC signaling may serve as attractive targets for antifibrotic and antiscarring therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Hosio
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viljar Jaks
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Heli Lagus
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Wound Healing Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyrki Vuola
- Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rei Ogawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Hammouda MB, Ford AE, Liu Y, Zhang JY. The JNK Signaling Pathway in Inflammatory Skin Disorders and Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E857. [PMID: 32252279 PMCID: PMC7226813 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), with its members JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3, is a subfamily of (MAPK) mitogen-activated protein kinases. JNK signaling regulates a wide range of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, and inflammation. Dysregulation of JNK pathway is associated with a wide range of immune disorders and cancer. Our objective is to provide a review of JNK proteins and their upstream regulators and downstream effector molecules in common skin disorders, including psoriasis, dermal fibrosis, scleroderma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel B. Hammouda
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (M.B.H.); (A.E.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Amy E. Ford
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (M.B.H.); (A.E.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (M.B.H.); (A.E.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jennifer Y. Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (M.B.H.); (A.E.F.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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12
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Ayasse MT, Buddenkotte J, Alam M, Steinhoff M. Role of neuroimmune circuits and pruritus in psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:414-426. [PMID: 31954075 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease presenting with an array of clinical phenotypes, often associated with pruritus. Environmental and psychological stressors can exacerbate psoriasis symptoms and provoke flares. Recent studies suggest a dysfunctional hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in some patients with psoriasis that can result in immune dysregulation. The immune system, in turn, can communicate with the nervous system to induce, maintain or aggravate psoriasis. In the skin, peripheral sensory as well as autonomic nerves control release of inflammatory mediators from dendritic cells, mast cells, T cells or keratinocytes, thereby modulating inflammatory responses and, in case of sensory nerves, pruritus. In response to the environment or stress, cytokines, chemokines, proteases, and neuropeptides fluctuate in psoriasis and influence immune responses as well as nerve activity. Furthermore, immune cells communicate with sensory nerves which control release of cytokines, such as IL-23, that are ultimately involved in psoriasis pathogenesis. Nerves also communicate with keratinocytes to induce epidermal proliferation. Notably, in contrast to recent years the debilitating problem of pruritus in psoriasis has been increasingly appreciated. Thus, investigating neuroimmune communication in psoriasis will not only expand our knowledge about the impact of sensory nerves in inflammation and pruritus and give new insights into the impact of environmental factors activating neuroimmune circuits or of stress in psoriasis, but may also lead to novel therapies. This review summarizes the relevant literature on the role of neuroimmune circuits, stress and how the central HPA axis and its peripheral equivalent in the skin, impact psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa T Ayasse
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jörg Buddenkotte
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Majid Alam
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.,Medical School, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,School of Medicine, Weill Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Voisin T, Bouvier A, Chiu IM. Neuro-immune interactions in allergic diseases: novel targets for therapeutics. Int Immunol 2018; 29:247-261. [PMID: 28814067 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted an emerging role for neuro-immune interactions in mediating allergic diseases. Allergies are caused by an overactive immune response to a foreign antigen. The peripheral sensory and autonomic nervous system densely innervates mucosal barrier tissues including the skin, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal (GI) tract that are exposed to allergens. It is increasingly clear that neurons actively communicate with and regulate the function of mast cells, dendritic cells, eosinophils, Th2 cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells in allergic inflammation. Several mechanisms of cross-talk between the two systems have been uncovered, with potential anatomical specificity. Immune cells release inflammatory mediators including histamine, cytokines or neurotrophins that directly activate sensory neurons to mediate itch in the skin, cough/sneezing and bronchoconstriction in the respiratory tract and motility in the GI tract. Upon activation, these peripheral neurons release neurotransmitters and neuropeptides that directly act on immune cells to modulate their function. Somatosensory and visceral afferent neurons release neuropeptides including calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide, which can act on type 2 immune cells to drive allergic inflammation. Autonomic neurons release neurotransmitters including acetylcholine and noradrenaline that signal to both innate and adaptive immune cells. Neuro-immune signaling may play a central role in the physiopathology of allergic diseases including atopic dermatitis, asthma and food allergies. Therefore, getting a better understanding of these cellular and molecular neuro-immune interactions could lead to novel therapeutic approaches to treat allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Voisin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amélie Bouvier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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14
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Amphotericin B down-regulates Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced production of IL-8 and IL-6 in human gingival epithelial cells. Cell Immunol 2014; 290:201-8. [PMID: 25064453 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Gingival epithelium is the primary barrier against microorganism invasion and produces inflammatory cytokines. Amphotericin B, a major antifungal drug, binds to cholesterol in the mammalian cell membrane in addition to fungal ergosterol. Amphotericin B has been shown to regulate inflammatory cytokines in host cells. To investigate the suppressive effect of amphotericin B on the gingival epithelium, we examined the expression of interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6 and involvement of MAP kinase in human gingival epithelial cells (HGEC) stimulated by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Amphotericin B and the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor down-regulated the A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced increase in the expression of IL-8 and IL-6 at the mRNA. The ERK inhibitor suppressed the A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced IL-8 mRNA expression. Amphotericin B inhibited the A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAP kinase. Furthermore, amphotericin B inhibited the A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced production of prostaglandin E2. These results suggest that amphotericin B regulate inflammatory responses in HGEC.
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15
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Chéret J, Lebonvallet N, Carré JL, Misery L, Le Gall-Ianotto C. Role of neuropeptides, neurotrophins, and neurohormones in skin wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2013; 21:772-88. [PMID: 24134750 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Due to the close interactions between the skin and peripheral nervous system, there is increasing evidence that the cutaneous innervation is an important modulator of the normal wound healing process. The communication between sensory neurons and skin cells involves a variety of molecules (neuropeptides, neurohormones, and neurotrophins) and their specific receptors expressed by both neuronal and nonneuronal skin cells. It is well established that neurotransmitters and nerve growth factors released in skin have immunoregulatory roles and can exert mitogenic actions; they could also influence the functions of the different skin cell types during the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Chéret
- Laboratory of Neurosciences of Brest (EA4685), University of Western Brittany, Brest, France
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16
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Shi X, Wang L, Clark JD, Kingery WS. Keratinocytes express cytokines and nerve growth factor in response to neuropeptide activation of the ERK1/2 and JNK MAPK transcription pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 186:92-103. [PMID: 23958840 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sensory neurons innervating the skin can release neuropeptides that are believed to modulate cellular proliferation, wound healing, pigmentation, and keratinocyte innate immune responses. While the ability of neuropeptides to stimulate keratinocyte production of inflammatory mediators has been demonstrated, there is no information concerning the mechanisms by which neuropeptide activation of keratinocyte cell surface receptors ultimately leads to the up-regulation of mediator production. In this study we used a keratinocyte cell line to identify the presence of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptors on keratinocytes and examined the effects of SP and CGRP stimulation on keratinocyte neuropeptide signaling, cell proliferation, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression. Neuropeptide stimulation caused an up-regulation of neuropeptide receptor expression in keratinocytes and a dramatic increase in keratinocyte secretion of SP and CGRP, suggesting possible autocrine or paracrine stimulatory effects and amplification of neuropeptide signaling. Both SP and CGRP concentration-dependently stimulated cellular proliferation and the expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines and NGF in keratinocytes. SP also activated all 3 families of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) in keratinocytes, while CGRP only activated p38 and extracellular signal related kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) MAPKs. Neuropeptide stimulated inflammatory mediatory production in keratinocytes was reversed by ERK1/2 and JNK inhibitors. The current study is the first to observe; 1) that CGRP stimulates keratinocyte expression of CGRP and its receptor complex, 2) that SP and CGRP stimulate IL-6 and TNF-α secretion in keratinocytes, 3) that SP activated all three MAPK families and the NFκB transcriptional signaling pathway in keratinocytes, and 4) that SP and CGRP stimulated inflammatory mediator production in keratinocytes is dependent on ERK1/2 and JNK activation. These studies provide evidence suggesting that disruption of ERK1/2 and JNK signaling may potentially be an effective therapy for inflammatory skin diseases and pain syndromes mediated by exaggerated sensory neuron-keratinocyte signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyou Shi
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA.,Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA.,Department of Anesthesiolgy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Liping Wang
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - J David Clark
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA.,Department of Anesthesiolgy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Wade S Kingery
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
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17
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Roggenkamp D, Köpnick S, Stäb F, Wenck H, Schmelz M, Neufang G. Epidermal nerve fibers modulate keratinocyte growth via neuropeptide signaling in an innervated skin model. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:1620-8. [PMID: 23283070 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Atopic eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by cutaneous nerve fiber sprouting and epidermal hyperplasia, pointing to an involvement of the peripheral nervous system in cutaneous homeostasis. However, the interaction of sensory neurons and skin cells is poorly understood. Using an innervated skin model, we investigated the influence of sensory neurons on epidermal morphogenesis. Neurons induced the proliferation of keratinocytes, resulting in an increase in the epidermal thickness. Inhibition of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), but not substance P (SP) signaling, reversed this effect. Human CGRP enhanced keratinocyte proliferation and epidermal thickness in skin models, demonstrating a key role of CGRP in modulating epidermal morphogenesis, whereas SP had only a moderate effect. Innervated skin models composed of atopic skin cells showed increased neurite outgrowth, accompanied by elevated CGRP release. As atopic keratinocytes were sensitized to CGRP owing to higher expression levels of the CGRP receptor components, receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) and receptor component protein (RCP), atopic innervated skin models displayed a thicker epidermis than did healthy controls. We conclude that neural CGRP controls local keratinocyte growth. Our results show that the crosstalk of the cutaneous peripheral nervous system and skin cells significantly influences epidermal morphogenesis and homeostasis in healthy and atopic skin.
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18
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Yu R, Huang Y, Zhang X, Zhou Y. Potential role of neurogenic inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. J Cutan Med Surg 2012; 16:230-44. [PMID: 22784515 DOI: 10.1177/120347541201600404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a highly complex multifactorial condition of the skin that has an unclear mechanism of pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE This review summarizes the role of various neurogenic inflammatory factors significantly upregulated in vitiligo. METHODS A literature review was conducted of all pertinent data regarding neuropeptides that are altered in vitiligo and their possible role in the destruction of melanocytes. RESULTS The close associations between the skin, immune system, and nervous system, along with specific changes demonstrated in vitiligo patients, support a pathogenic mechanism of vitiligo that involves neuroimmunologic factors, the release of which can be governed by mental stress. CONCLUSION Neuropeptides and nerve growth factors are critical regulators of emotional response and may precipitate the onset and development of vitiligo in certain predisposed individuals. More studies are required to investigate whether a direct link exists between genetics, mental stress, and neurogenic factors in vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Yu
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Chieng Genomics Centre, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
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19
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Lai Y, Li D, Li C, Muehleisen B, Radek KA, Park HJ, Jiang Z, Li Z, Lei H, Quan Y, Zhang T, Wu Y, Kotol P, Morizane S, Hata TR, Iwatsuki K, Tang C, Gallo RL. The antimicrobial protein REG3A regulates keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation after skin injury. Immunity 2012; 37:74-84. [PMID: 22727489 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial keratinocyte proliferation is an essential element of wound repair, and abnormal epithelial proliferation is an intrinsic element in the skin disorder psoriasis. The factors that trigger epithelial proliferation in these inflammatory processes are incompletely understood. Here we have shown that regenerating islet-derived protein 3-alpha (REG3A) is highly expressed in keratinocytes during psoriasis and wound repair and in imiquimod-induced psoriatic skin lesions. The expression of REG3A by keratinocytes is induced by interleukin-17 (IL-17) via activation of keratinocyte-encoded IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) and feeds back on keratinocytes to inhibit terminal differentiation and increase cell proliferation by binding to exostosin-like 3 (EXTL3) followed by activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and the kinase AKT. These findings reveal that REG3A, a secreted intestinal antimicrobial protein, can promote skin keratinocyte proliferation and can be induced by IL-17. This observation suggests that REG3A may mediate the epidermal hyperproliferation observed in normal wound repair and in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Lai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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20
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LVOV AN, KATUNINA OR, ZNAMENSKAYA LF, MICHENKO AV, EGOROVA YY, INOYATOVA LA, HAIRULLIN RF, VOLKOV IA. Study of the genetic factors predisposing to the development of psoriasis. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2012. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Many findings confirm the influence of neuropsychic factors on the manifestation and exacerbation of the atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Nowadays it is assumed that by means of neurotransmitters’ secretion the nervous system can influence different processes, including the immune mediated inflammation, which has the key role in the pathogenesis of such dermatosis. The article hereunder contains comprehensive data on prospective trends of following studies of the nervous regulation participation in the pathogenesis of such dermatosis.
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21
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Modulatory role of sensory innervation on hair follicle stem cell progeny during wound healing of the rat skin. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36421. [PMID: 22574159 PMCID: PMC3344885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The bulge region of the hair follicle contains resident epithelial stem cells (SCs) that are activated and mobilized during hair growth and after epidermal wounding. However, little is known about the signals that modulate these processes. Clinical and experimental observations show that a reduced supply of sensory innervation is associated with delayed wound healing. Since axon terminals of sensory neurons are among the components of the bulge SC niche, we investigated whether these neurons are involved in the activation and mobilization of the hair stem cells during wound healing. Methodology/Principal Findings We used neonatal capsaicin treatment to reduce sensory terminals in the rat skin and performed morphometric analyses using design-based stereological methods. Epithelial proliferation was analyzed by quantifying the number of bromodeoxyuridine-labeled (BrdU+) nuclei in the epidermis and hair follicles. After wounding, the epidermis of capsaicin-treated rats presented fewer BrdU+ nuclei than in control rats. To assess SC progeny migration, we employed a double labeling protocol with iododeoxyuridine and chlorodeoxyuridine (IdU+/CldU+). The proportion of double-labeled cells was similar in the hair follicles of both groups at 32 h postwounding. IdU+/CldU+ cell proportion increased in the epidermis of control rats and decreased in treated rats at 61 h postwounding. The epidermal volume immunostained for keratin 6 was greater in treated rats at 61 h. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed that substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor immunoreactivity were both present in CD34+ and BrdU-retaining cells of the hair follicles. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that capsaicin denervation impairs SC progeny egress from the hair follicles, a circumstance associated with a greater epidermal activation. Altogether, these phenomena would explain the longer times for healing in denervated skin. Thus, sensory innervation may play a functional role in the modulation of hair SC physiology during wound healing.
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22
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Ostrowski SM, Belkadi A, Loyd CM, Diaconu D, Ward NL. Cutaneous denervation of psoriasiform mouse skin improves acanthosis and inflammation in a sensory neuropeptide-dependent manner. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:1530-8. [PMID: 21471984 PMCID: PMC3116081 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nervous system involvement in psoriasis pathogenesis is supported by increases in nerve fiber numbers and neuropeptides in psoriatic skin and by reports detailing spontaneous plaque remission following nerve injury. Using the KC-Tie2 psoriasiform mouse model, we investigated the mechanisms by which nerve injury leads to inflammatory skin disease remission. Cutaneous nerves innervating dorsal skin of KC-Tie2 animals were surgically axotomized and beginning 1 day after denervation, CD11c(+) cell numbers decreased by 40% followed by a 30% improvement in acanthosis at 7 days and a 30% decrease in CD4(+) T-cell numbers by 10 days. Restoration of substance P (SP) signaling in denervated KC-Tie2 skin prevented decreases in CD11c(+) and CD4(+) cells, but had no effect on acanthosis; restoration of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) signaling reversed the improvement in acanthosis and prevented denervated-mediated decreases in CD4(+) cells. Under innervated conditions, small-molecule inhibition of SP in KC-Tie2 animals resulted in similar decreases to those observed following surgical denervation for cutaneous CD11c(+) and CD4(+) cell numbers; whereas small-molecule inhibition of CGRP resulted in significant reductions in CD4(+) cell numbers and acanthosis. These data demonstrate that sensory nerve-derived peptides mediate psoriasiform dendritic cell and T-cell infiltration and acanthosis and introduce targeting nerve-immunocyte/KC interactions as potential psoriasis therapeutic treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Ostrowski
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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24
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Hou Q, Barr T, Gee L, Vickers J, Wymer J, Borsani E, Rodella L, Getsios S, Burdo T, Eisenberg E, Guha U, Lavker R, Kessler J, Chittur S, Fiorino D, Rice F, Albrecht P. Keratinocyte expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide β: implications for neuropathic and inflammatory pain mechanisms. Pain 2011; 152:2036-2051. [PMID: 21641113 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a vasodilatory peptide that has been detected at high levels in the skin, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) under a variety of inflammatory and chronic pain conditions, presumably derived from peptidergic C and Aδ innervation. Herein, CGRP immunolabeling (IL) was detected in epidermal keratinocytes at levels that were especially high and widespread in the skin of humans from locations afflicted with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and complex region pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS), of monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus, and of rats subjected to L5/L6 spinal nerve ligation, sciatic nerve chronic constriction, and subcutaneous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. Increased CGRP-IL was also detected in epidermal keratinocytes of transgenic mice with keratin-14 promoter driven overexpression of noggin, an antagonist to BMP-4 signaling. Transcriptome microarray, quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), and Western blot analyses using laser-captured mouse epidermis from transgenics, monolayer cultures of human and mouse keratinocytes, and multilayer human keratinocyte organotypic cultures, revealed that keratinocytes express predominantly the beta isoform of CGRP. Cutaneous peptidergic innervation has been shown to express predominantly the alpha isoform of CGRP. Keratinocytes also express the cognate CGRP receptor components, Calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR), Receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), CGRP-receptor component protein (RCP) consistent with known observations that CGRP promotes several functional changes in keratinocytes, including proliferation and cytokine production. Our results indicate that keratinocyte-derived CGRPβ may modulate epidermal homeostasis through autocrine/paracrine signaling and may contribute to chronic pain under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanzhi Hou
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA Rambam Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA Center for Functional Genomics, SUNY Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA In Vivo Pharmacology, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA Integrated Tissue Dynamics, LLC, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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25
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Ward NL, Hatala DA, Wolfram JA, Knutsen DA, Loyd CM. Cutaneous manipulation of vascular growth factors leads to alterations in immunocytes, blood vessels and nerves: Evidence for a cutaneous neurovascular unit. J Dermatol Sci 2010; 61:14-22. [PMID: 21129919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cells produce soluble factors which influence keratinocyte proliferation, angiogenesis, nerve innervation and immunocyte response. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that epidermal-dermal interactions influence neural outgrowth, vascular survival, immunocyte recruitment and keratinocyte proliferation. METHODS We genetically manipulated the epidermis to express excess vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and/or angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and then examined the epidermal and dermal phenotypes. We compared these findings with those occurring following overexpression of the Ang1 receptor Tie2 in endothelial cells or keratinocytes. RESULTS Keratinocyte-overexpression of Ang1 resulted in increased epidermal thickness compared to control littermates. Keratinocyte-specific overexpression of Ang1 or VEGF increased dermal angiogenesis compared to control animals and combined Ang1-VEGF lead to further increases. Cutaneous leukocyte examination revealed increases in CD4(+) T cell infiltration in mice with keratinocyte-specific overexpression of Ang1, VEGF and Ang1-VEGF combined; in contrast only keratinocyte-specific Ang1 overexpression increased cutaneous F4/80(+) macrophage numbers. Interestingly, combined keratinocyte-derived Ang1-VEGF overexpression reduced significantly the number of F4/80(+) and Cd11c(+) cells compared to mice overexpressing epidermal Ang1 alone. Endothelial cell-specific Tie2 overexpression increased dermal angiogenesis but failed to influence the epidermal and immune cell phenotypes. Keratinocyte-specific Tie2 expressing mice had the highest levels of CD4(+), CD8(+) and CD11c(+) cell numbers and acanthosis compared to all animals. Finally, increases in the number of cutaneous nerves were found in all transgenic mice compared to littermate controls. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that change to one system (vascular or epidermal) results in change to other cutaneous systems and suggest that individual molecules can exert effects on multiple systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Ward
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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