1
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Padda I, Sethi Y, Das M, Fabian D, Ralhan T, Aziz D, Sexton J, Johal G. Heme Oxygenase-1, Cardiac Senescence, and Myocardial Infarction: A Critical Review of the Triptych. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024:10.1007/s10557-024-07590-0. [PMID: 38940935 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-024-07590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a crucial enzyme in heme metabolism, facilitating the breakdown of heme into biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and free iron. Renowned for its potent cytoprotective properties, HO-1 showcases notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. In this review, the authors aim to explore the profound impact of HO-1 on cardiac senescence and its potential implications in myocardial infarction (MI). RESULTS Recent research has unveiled the intricate role of HO-1 in cellular senescence, characterized by irreversible growth arrest and functional decline. Notably, cardiac senescence has emerged as a pivotal factor in the development of various cardiovascular conditions, including MI. Notably, cardiac senescence has emerged as an important factor in the development of various cardiovascular conditions, including myocardial infarction (MI). The accumulation of senescent cells, spanning vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, and progenitor cells, poses a significant risk for cardiovascular diseases such as vascular aging, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and ventricular remodeling. Inhibition of cardiomyocyte senescence not only reduces senescence-associated inflammation but also impacts other myocardial lineages, hinting at a broader mechanism of propagation in pathological remodeling. HO-1 has been shown to improve heart function and mitigate cardiomyocyte senescence induced by ischemic injury and aging. Furthermore, HO-1 induction has been found to alleviate H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte senescence. As we grow in our understanding of antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, anti-aging, and vascular effects of HO-1, we see the potential to exploit potential links between individual susceptibility to cardiac senescence and myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS This review investigates strategies for upregulating HO-1, including gene targeting and pharmacological agents, as potential therapeutic approaches. By synthesizing compelling evidence from diverse experimental models and clinical investigations, this study elucidates the therapeutic potential of targeting HO-1 as an innovative strategy to mitigate cardiac senescence and improve outcomes in myocardial infarction, emphasizing the need for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderbir Padda
- Richmond University Medical Center/Mount Sinai, Staten Island, NY, USA
- PearResearch, Dehradun, India
| | - Yashendra Sethi
- PearResearch, Dehradun, India.
- Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Maumita Das
- School of Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada
| | - Daniel Fabian
- Richmond University Medical Center/Mount Sinai, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Tushar Ralhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, RutgersNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel Aziz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, RutgersNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jaime Sexton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, RutgersNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Gurpreet Johal
- Valley Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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2
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Ahmadi Y, Fard JK, Ghafoor D, Eid AH, Sahebkar A. Paradoxical effects of statins on endothelial and cancer cells: the impact of concentrations. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:43. [PMID: 36899388 PMCID: PMC9999585 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to their lipid-lowering functions, statins elicit additional pleiotropic effects on apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, senescence, and oxidative stress. Many of these effects have been reported in cancerous and noncancerous cells like endothelial cells (ECs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and human umbilical vein cells (HUVCs). Not surprisingly, statins' effects appear to vary largely depending on the cell context, especially as pertains to modulation of cell cycle, senescence, and apoptotic processes. Perhaps the most critical reason for this discordance is the bias in selecting the applied doses in various cells. While lower (nanomolar) concentrations of statins impose anti-senescence, and antiapoptotic effects, higher concentrations (micromolar) appear to precipitate opposite effects. Indeed, most studies performed in cancer cells utilized high concentrations, where statin-induced cytotoxic and cytostatic effects were noted. Some studies report that even at low concentrations, statins induce senescence or cytostatic impacts but not cytotoxic effects. However, the literature appears to be relatively consistent that in cancer cells, statins, in both low or higher concentrations, induce apoptosis or cell cycle arrest, anti-proliferative effects, and cause senescence. However, statins' effects on ECs depend on the concentrations; at micromolar concentrations statins cause cell senescence and apoptosis, while at nonomolar concentrations statins act reversely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Ahmadi
- College of Science, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, 46001, Sulaymania, Iraq.
| | - Javad Khalili Fard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dlzar Ghafoor
- College of Science, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, 46001, Sulaymania, Iraq
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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3
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Chantarasakha K, Asawapanumas T, Suntivich R, Panya A, Phonsatta N, Thiennimitr P, Laoteng K, Tepaamorndech S. Hatakabb, a herbal extract, contains pyrogallol as the novel mediator inhibiting LPS-induced TNF-α production by NF-κB inactivation and HMOX-1 upregulation. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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4
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Mansouri A, Reiner Ž, Ruscica M, Tedeschi-Reiner E, Radbakhsh S, Bagheri Ekta M, Sahebkar A. Antioxidant Effects of Statins by Modulating Nrf2 and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling in Different Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051313. [PMID: 35268403 PMCID: PMC8911353 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins are competitive inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase and have been used to treat elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) for almost four decades. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which are independent of the lipid-lowering effects of statins, i.e., their pleiotropic effects, might be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of many diseases. This review discusses the antioxidant effects of statins achieved by modulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2/ heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathway in different organs and diseases. Nrf2 and other proteins involved in the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway have a crucial role in cellular responses to oxidative stress, which is a risk factor for ASCVD. Statins can significantly increase the DNA-binding activity of Nrf2 and induce the expression of its target genes, such as HO-1 and glutathione peroxidase) GPx, (thus protecting the cells against oxidative stress. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of statins, which are independent of their lipid-lowering effects, could be partly explained by the modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Eugenia Tedeschi-Reiner
- University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, University of Osijek, Vinogradska Cesta 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Shabnam Radbakhsh
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Mariam Bagheri Ekta
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
- Correspondence: or
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5
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Vinchi F. Non-Transferrin-Bound Iron in the Spotlight: Novel Mechanistic Insights into the Vasculotoxic and Atherosclerotic Effect of Iron. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:387-414. [PMID: 33554718 PMCID: PMC8328045 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: While atherosclerosis is an almost inevitable consequence of aging, food preferences, lack of exercise, and other aspects of the lifestyle in many countries, the identification of new risk factors is of increasing importance to tackle a disease, which has become a major health burden for billions of people. Iron has long been suspected to promote the development of atherosclerosis, but data have been conflicting, and the contribution of iron is still debated controversially. Recent Advances: Several experimental and clinical studies have been recently published about this longstanding controversial problem, highlighting the critical need to unravel the complexity behind this topic. Critical Issues: The aim of the current review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the proatherosclerotic impact of iron, and discuss the emerging role of non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) as driver of vasculotoxicity and atherosclerosis. Finally, I will provide detailed mechanistic insights on the cellular processes and molecular pathways underlying iron-exacerbated atherosclerosis. Overall, this review highlights a complex framework where NTBI acts at multiple levels in atherosclerosis by altering the serum and vascular microenvironment in a proatherogenic and proinflammatory manner, affecting the functionality and survival of vascular cells, promoting foam cell formation and inducing angiogenesis, calcification, and plaque destabilization. Future Directions: The use of additional iron markers (e.g., NTBI) may help adequately predict predisposition to cardiovascular disease. Clinical studies are needed in the aging population to address the atherogenic role of iron fluctuations within physiological limits and the therapeutic value of iron restriction approaches. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 387-414.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vinchi
- Iron Research Program, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute (LFKRI), New York Blood Center (NYBC), New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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6
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Santarelli R, Pompili C, Gilardini Montani MS, Romeo MA, Gonnella R, D'Orazi G, Cirone M. Lovastatin reduces PEL cell survival by phosphorylating ERK1/2 that blocks the autophagic flux and engages a cross-talk with p53 to activate p21. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:968-977. [PMID: 33987937 PMCID: PMC8361952 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Statins are inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway that besides being cholesterol lowering agents, display anti‐cancer properties. This is because cholesterol is an essential component of cell membranes but also because the mevalonate pathway controls protein farnesylation and geranylation, processes essential for the activity of GTPase family proteins. In this study, we found that Lovastatin exerted a dose‐ and time‐dependent cytotoxic effect against PEL cells, an aggressive B cell lymphoma strictly associated with the gammaherpesvirus KSHV and characterized by a poor response to conventional chemotherapies. At molecular level, Lovastatin by dephosphorylating STAT3, induced ERK1/2 activation that inhibited autophagy and phosphorylated p53ser15 that in turn maintained ERK1/2 activated and up‐regulated p21. However, p21 played a pro‐survival role in this setting, as its inhibition by UC2288 further reduced cell survival in PEL cells undergoing Lovastatin treatment. In conclusion, this study suggests that Lovastatin may represent a valid therapeutic alternative against PEL cells, especially if used in combination with p21 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Santarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Pompili
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Saveria Gilardini Montani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gonnella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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7
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Cunha DL, Richardson R, Tracey-White D, Abbouda A, Mitsios A, Horneffer-van der Sluis V, Takis P, Owen N, Skinner J, Welch AA, Moosajee M. REP1 deficiency causes systemic dysfunction of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in choroideremia. JCI Insight 2021; 6:146934. [PMID: 33755601 PMCID: PMC8262314 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroideremia (CHM) is an X-linked recessive chorioretinal dystrophy caused by mutations in CHM, encoding for Rab escort protein 1 (REP1). Loss of functional REP1 leads to the accumulation of unprenylated Rab proteins and defective intracellular protein trafficking, the putative cause for photoreceptor, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and choroidal degeneration. CHM is ubiquitously expressed, but adequate prenylation is considered to be achieved, outside the retina, through the isoform REP2. Recently, the possibility of systemic features in CHM has been debated; therefore, in this study, whole metabolomic analysis of plasma samples from 25 CHM patients versus age- and sex-matched controls was performed. Results showed plasma alterations in oxidative stress-related metabolites, coupled with alterations in tryptophan metabolism, leading to significantly raised serotonin levels. Lipid metabolism was disrupted with decreased branched fatty acids and acylcarnitines, suggestive of dysfunctional lipid oxidation, as well as imbalances of several sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids. Targeted lipidomics of the chmru848 zebrafish provided further evidence for dysfunction, with the use of fenofibrate over simvastatin circumventing the prenylation pathway to improve the lipid profile and increase survival. This study provides strong evidence for systemic manifestations of CHM and proposes potentially novel pathomechanisms and targets for therapeutic consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Lima Cunha
- Department of Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rose Richardson
- Department of Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dhani Tracey-White
- Department of Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Abbouda
- Department of Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Mitsios
- Department of Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Panteleimon Takis
- MRC-NIHR National Phenome Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Owen
- Department of Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Skinner
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Norwich Medical School, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Ailsa A. Welch
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Norwich Medical School, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Department of Development, Ageing and Disease, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Zhang X, Shi S, Shen J, Zhao M, He Q. Functional Immunoregulation by Heme Oxygenase 1 in Juvenile Autoimmune Diseases. Curr Gene Ther 2020; 19:110-116. [PMID: 31288720 DOI: 10.2174/1566523219666190710092935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An autoimmune disease is an inflammatory condition in which the human body's immune system attacks normal cells, resulting in decreased and abnormal immune function, which eventually leads to tissue damage or organ dysfunction. In the field of medicine, especially in pediatrics, knowledge about autoimmune diseases is still inadequate. Some common juvenile autoimmune diseases such as Henoch-Schonlein purpura, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, and autoimmune encephalitis cause considerable public concern. Recent studies revealed that heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), an enzyme that participates in heme degradation, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and may regulate autoimmunity. Firstly, it may promote the differentiation of T lymphocytes into CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and may be associated with changes in the ratios of cytokines (Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg) as well. Secondly, HO-1 can regulate the immune system through the secretion of proteins such as transforming growth factors and interleukins. Moreover, increasing the expression of HO-1 can improve vascular function by increasing antioxidant levels. Thus, HO-1 may provide a theoretical basis and guidance for therapeutic management of juvenile autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, China.,Medical College of Xiangya, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, China
| | - Shupeng Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, China.,Medical College of Xiangya, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, China
| | - Qingnan He
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, China
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9
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Yang CM, Lin CC, Yang CC, Cho RL, Hsiao LD. Mevastatin-Induced AP-1-Dependent HO-1 Expression Suppresses Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression and Monocyte Adhesion on Human Pulmonary Alveolar Epithelial Cells Challenged with TNF-α. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030381. [PMID: 32121588 PMCID: PMC7175369 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mevastatin (MVS) has been previously shown to induce heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression through Nox/ROS-dependent PDGFRα/PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/ARE axis in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs). However, alternative signaling pathways might involve in MVS-induced HO-1 expression. We found that tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) induced vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) expression and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation which were attenuated by pretreatment with MVS via up-regulation of HO-1, determined by Western blot and real-time qPCR. TNFα-induced VCAM-1 expression was attenuated by an NF-κB inhibitor, Bay117082. The inhibitory effects of MVS were reversed by tin protoporphyrin (SnPP)IX (an inhibitor of HO-1 activity). In addition, pretreatment with the inhibitor of pan-Protein kinase C (PKC) (GF109203X), PKCα (Gö6983), Pyk2 (PF431396), p38α MAPK (SB202190), JNK1/2 (SP600125), or AP-1 (Tanshinone IIA), and transfection with their respective siRNAs abolished MVS-induced HO-1 expression in HPAEpiCs. c-Jun (one of AP-1 subunits) was activated by PKCα, Pyk2, p38α MAPK, and JNK1/2, which turned on the transcription of the homx1 gene. The interaction between c-Jun and HO-1 promoter was confirmed by a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, which was attenuated by these pharmacological inhibitors. These results suggested that MVS induces AP-1/HO-1 expression via PKCα/Pyk2/p38α MAPK- or JNK1/2-dependent c-Jun activation, which further binds with AP-1-binding site on HO-1 promoter and suppresses the TNFα-mediated inflammatory responses in HPAEpiCs. Thus, upregulation of the AP-1/HO-1 system by MVS exerts a potentially therapeutic strategy to protect against pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (R.-L.C.); (L.-D.H.)
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 2229)
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Tao-Yuan, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan;
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Ling Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (R.-L.C.); (L.-D.H.)
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (R.-L.C.); (L.-D.H.)
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10
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Fernandez K, Spielbauer KK, Rusheen A, Wang L, Baker TG, Eyles S, Cunningham LL. Lovastatin protects against cisplatin-induced hearing loss in mice. Hear Res 2020; 389:107905. [PMID: 32062294 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is used to treat a variety of solid tumors in both children and adults. However, cisplatin has serious side-effects, some of which may permanently affect patients' quality of life following treatment, such as ototoxicity. There is currently no FDA-approved therapy for the prevention or treatment of cisplatin-induced hearing loss. Herein we examine the potential for statins to prevent cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Statins, a class of drugs commonly used to prevent or manage hypercholesterolemia, have been of clinical utility for decades with dependable outcomes and reliable safety profiles in humans. Statins are known to be protective in animal models of noise-induced and age-related hearing loss. Moreover, studies have demonstrated an additive benefit of statins in cancer treatment. In the current study, lovastatin reduces cisplatin-induced hearing loss in adult mice. Lovastatin-mediated protection was significantly greater among female than male mice, and the dose of lovastatin required for protection was different between the sexes. Taken together our data indicate that lovastatin reduces cisplatin-induced hearing loss in mice and suggest that concurrent statin and cisplatin therapy may represent a feasible clinical strategy for reducing cisplatin-induced ototoxicity that should be explored for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Fernandez
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katie K Spielbauer
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aaron Rusheen
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lizhen Wang
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tiffany G Baker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Stephen Eyles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Mass Spectrometry, Core, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Lisa L Cunningham
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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11
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Induction of HO-1 by Mevastatin Mediated via a Nox/ROS-Dependent c-Src/PDGFRα/PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/ARE Cascade Suppresses TNF-α-Induced Lung Inflammation. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010226. [PMID: 31952230 PMCID: PMC7019964 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mevastatin (MVS), a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme, a reductase (HMG-CoA) inhibitor, has anti-inflammatory effects potentially via up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). However, the mechanisms underlying MVS-induced HO-1 expression remain largely unknown in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs). Methods: HO-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression were determined using real-time PCR, Western blotting, and promoter reporter analyses. The signaling components were investigated using pharmacological inhibitors or specific small interfering RNA (siRNA)s. Interaction between Nrf2 and the antioxidant response element (ARE) binding site for the HO-1 promoter was determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Results: Upregulation of HO-1 by MVS attenuated the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated ICAM-1 expression associated with THP-1 adhesion to HPAEpiCs. These inhibitory effects of HO-1 were reversed by tin protoporphyrin (SnPP)IX or by transfection with HO-1 siRNA. MVS-induced HO-1 expression was mediated via NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Activation of Nox2/ROS further stimulated the phosphorylation of p47phox, proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (c-Src), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDFGR)α, protein kinase B (Akt), and Nrf2, which were inhibited by siRNAs. Pretreatment with pharmacological inhibitors, including diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), apocynin (APO), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), PP1, AG1296, or LY294002, reduced the MVS-activated Nrf2 nuclear-translocation binding to the ARE on the HO-1 promoter. Conclusions: MVS-induced HO-1 is, at least in part, mediated through a p47phox/Nox2/ROS-dependent activation of c-Src/PDGFRα/PI3K/Akt-regulated Nrf2/ARE axis and suppresses the TNF-α-mediated inflammatory responses in HPAEpiCs.
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Atorvastatin and Conditioned Media from Atorvastatin-Treated Human Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor-Derived Cells Show Proangiogenic Activity In Vitro but Not In Vivo. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:1868170. [PMID: 31396016 PMCID: PMC6664685 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1868170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid angiogenic cells (MAC) derive from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) that are mobilized from the bone marrow. They home to sites of neovascularization and contribute to angiogenesis by production of paracrine factors. The number and function of proangiogenic cells are impaired in patients with diabetes or cardiovascular diseases. Both conditions can be accompanied by decreased levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), cytoprotective, heme-degrading enzyme. Our study is aimed at investigating whether precursors of myeloid angiogenic cells (PACs) treated with known pharmaceuticals would produce media with better proangiogenic activity in vitro and if such media can be used to stimulate blood vessel growth in vivo. We used G-CSF-mobilized CD34+ HSPCs, FACS-sorted from healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Sorted cells were predominantly CD133+. CD34+ cells after six days in culture were stimulated with atorvastatin (AT), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), sulforaphane (SR), resveratrol (RV), or metformin (Met) for 48 h. Conditioned media from such cells were then used to stimulate human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) to enhance tube-like structure formation in a Matrigel assay. The only stimulant that enhanced PAC paracrine angiogenic activity was atorvastatin, which also had ability to stabilize endothelial tubes in vitro. On the other hand, the only one that induced heme oxygenase-1 expression was sulforaphane, a known activator of a HMOX1 inducer—NRF2. None of the stimulants changed significantly the levels of 30 cytokines and growth factors tested with the multiplex test. Then, we used atorvastatin-stimulated cells or conditioned media from them in the Matrigel plug in vivo angiogenic assay. Neither AT alone in control media nor conditioned media nor AT-stimulated cells affected numbers of endothelial cells in the plug or plug's vascularization. Concluding, high concentrations of atorvastatin stabilize tubes and enhance the paracrine angiogenic activity of human PAC cells in vitro. However, the effect was not observed in vivo. Therefore, the use of conditioned media from atorvastatin-treated PAC is not a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance angiogenesis.
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El-Achkar GA, Mrad MF, Mouawad CA, Badran B, Jaffa AA, Motterlini R, Hamade E, Habib A. Heme oxygenase-1-Dependent anti-inflammatory effects of atorvastatin in zymosan-injected subcutaneous air pouch in mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216405. [PMID: 31071151 PMCID: PMC6508873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins exert pleiotropic and beneficial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. We have previously reported that macrophages treated with statins increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective stress protein, responsible for the degradation of heme. In the present study, we investigated the effects of atorvastatin on inflammation in mice and analyzed its mechanism of action in vivo. Air pouches were established in 8 week-old female C57BL/6J mice. Atorvastatin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and/or tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPPIX), a heme oxygenase inhibitor (12 mg/kg, i.p.), were administered for 10 days. Zymosan, a cell wall component of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was injected in the air pouch to trigger inflammation. Cell number and levels of inflammatory markers were determined in exudates collected from the pouch 24 hours post zymosan injection by flow cytometry, ELISA and quantitative PCR. Analysis of the mice treated with atorvastatin alone displayed increased expression of HO-1, arginase-1, C-type lectin domain containing 7A, and mannose receptor C-type 1 in the cells of the exudate of the air pouch. Flow cytometry analysis revealed an increase in monocyte/macrophage cells expressing HO-1 and in leukocytes expressing MRC-1 in response to atorvastatin. Mice treated with atorvastatin showed a significant reduction in cell influx in response to zymosan, and in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin-1α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and prostaglandin E2. Co-treatment of mice with atorvastatin and tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPPIX), an inhibitor of heme oxygenase, reversed the inhibitory effect of statin on cell influx and proinflammatory markers, suggesting a protective role of HO-1. Flow cytometry analysis of air pouch cell contents revealed prevalence of neutrophils and to a lesser extent of monocytes/macrophages with no significant effect of atorvastatin treatment on the modification of their relative proportion. These findings identify HO-1 as a target for the therapeutic actions of atorvastatin and highlight its potential role as an in vivo anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghewa A. El-Achkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSERM U955, Equipe 12, University Paris-Est, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil, France
| | - May F. Mrad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Charbel A. Mouawad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ayad A. Jaffa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roberto Motterlini
- INSERM U955, Equipe 12, University Paris-Est, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil, France
| | - Eva Hamade
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail: (AH); (EH)
| | - Aida Habib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d’Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (AH); (EH)
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The balance between induction and inhibition of mevalonate pathway regulates cancer suppression by statins: A review of molecular mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 273:273-285. [PMID: 28668359 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Statins are widely used drugs for their role in decreasing cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic patients. Statins through inhibition of Hydroxy Methyl Glutaryl-CoA Reductase (HMGCR), the main enzyme of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, inhibit mevalonate pathway that provides isoprenoids for prenylation of different proteins such as Ras superfamily which has an essential role in cancer developing. Inhibition of the mevalonate/isoprenoid pathway is the cause of the cholesterol independent effects of statins or pleotropic effects. Depending on their penetrance into the extra-hepatic cells, statins have different effects on mevalonate/isoprenoid pathway. Lipophilic statins diffuse into all cells and hydrophilic ones use a variety of membrane transporters to gain access to cells other than hepatocytes. It has been suggested that the lower accessibility of statins for extra-hepatic tissues may result in the compensatory induction of mevalonate/isoprenoid pathway and so cancer developing. However, most of the population-based studies have demonstrated that statins have no effect on cancer developing, even decrease the risk of different types of cancer. In this review we focus on the cancer developing "potentials" and the anti-cancer "activities" of statins regarding the effects of statins on mevalonate/isoprenoid pathway in the liver and extra-hepatic tissues.
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Red Yeast Rice Protects Circulating Bone Marrow-Derived Proangiogenic Cells against High-Glucose-Induced Senescence and Oxidative Stress: The Role of Heme Oxygenase-1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3831750. [PMID: 28555162 PMCID: PMC5438855 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3831750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The inflammation and oxidative stress of bone marrow-derived proangiogenic cells (PACs), also named endothelial progenitor cells, triggered by hyperglycemia contributes significantly to vascular dysfunction. There is supporting evidence that the consumption of red yeast rice (RYR; Monascus purpureus-fermented rice) reduces the vascular complications of diabetes; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of RYR extract in PACs, focusing particularly on the role of a potent antioxidative enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). We found that treatment with RYR extract induced nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor nuclear translocation and HO-1 mRNA and protein levels in PACs. RYR extract inhibited high-glucose-induced (30 mM) PAC senescence and the development of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a dose-dependent manner. The HO-1 inducer cobalt protoporphyrin IX also decreased high-glucose-induced cell senescence and oxidative stress, whereas the HO-1 enzyme inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX and HO-1 small interfering RNA significantly reversed RYR extract-caused inhibition of senescence and reduction of oxidative stress in high-glucose-treated PACs. These results suggest that RYR extract serves as alternative and complementary medicine in the treatment of these diseases, by inducing HO-1, thereby decreasing the vascular complications of diabetes.
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Signal transduction involved in lipoxin A4‑induced protection of tubular epithelial cells against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1682-1692. [PMID: 28259922 PMCID: PMC5365021 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that lipoxin A4 (LXA4) may exert a renoprotective effect on ischemia/reperfusion injury in various animal models. The underlying mechanism of LXA4-induced renoprotection during ischemia/reperfusion injury remains to be elucidated. The present study investigated LXA4-induced protection on renal tubular cells subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury, and determined the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) on LXA4 treatment. HK-2 human tubular epithelial cells exposed to H/R injury were pretreated with LXA4, signal molecule inhibitors or the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin-IX, or were transfected with PPARγ small interfering RNA (siRNA) or nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) siRNA. The protein and mRNA expression levels of PPARγ and HO-1 were analyzed using western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Binding activity of Nrf2 to the HO-1 E1 enhancer was determined using chromatin immunoprecipitation. Nrf2 binding to the HO-1 antioxidant responsive element (ARE) was assessed using electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Preincubation of cells with LXA4 exposed to H/R injury led to a decreased production of inducible nitrogen oxide synthase, malondialdehyde, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase. In addition, LXA4 pretreatment increased cell viability, protein and mRNA expression levels of PPARγ and HO-1 and PPARγ and HO-1 promoter activity. SB20358 is a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathway inhibitor, which reduced LXA4-induced PPARγ expression levels. LXA4 treatment upregulated p38 MAPK activation, Nrf2 nuclear translocation and increased binding activity of Nrf2 to HO-1 ARE and E1 enhancer in cells exposed to H/R injury. Transfection of the cells with PPARγ siRNA reduced the LXA4-induced Nrf2 translocation. Transfection of the cells with PPARγ siRNA or Nrf2 siRNA also reduced the LXA4-induced increase in HO-1 expression. In conclusion, LXA4-induced protection of renal tubular cells against H/R injury was associated with the induction of PPARγ and HO-1, via activation of the p38 MAPK pathway, as well as Nrf2 nuclear translocation and binding to HO-1 ARE and E1 enhancer. Therefore, LXA4-induced renoprotection is associated with activation of the p38 MAPK/PPARγ/Nrf2-ARE/HO-1 pathway.
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Dong X, Shi D. Simvastatin Alleviates Pathology in a Rat Model of Preeclampsia Involving ERK/MAPK Pathway. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:1053-1061. [PMID: 27856999 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116678693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific condition characterized by new-onset hypertension. There is evidence suggesting that imbalances of angiogenic factors, oxidative stress, and inflammation may be central to the pathogenesis of PE. We sought to investigate whether simvastatin would reduce mean arterial pressure, restore the angiogenic balance, and ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress in a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME)-induced rat model of PE. We found that blood pressure was significantly increased in the l-NAME group compared to normal pregnant dams ( P < .01), and simvastatin reduced this difference. In addition, dams from the l-NAME group showed lower vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin (IL) 10 levels and higher plasma-soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as compared to control dams ( P < .01, for all). Interestingly, simvastatin treatment significantly increased VEGF and IL-10 levels while decreased sFlt-1, TNF-α, and MDA levels compared to the untreated l-NAME group. Moreover, simvastatin treatment significantly upregulated protein expression of placental p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1), p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p-protein kinase B compared to untreated l-NAME control. These results suggest that simvastatin treatment restores angiogenic balance and ameliorates inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model of PE involving ERK/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Dong
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Cangzhou City Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Shi
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Cangzhou City Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
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Saad AF, Diken ZM, Kechichian TB, Clark SM, Olson GL, Saade GR, Costantine MM. Pravastatin Effects on Placental Prosurvival Molecular Pathways in a Mouse Model of Preeclampsia. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:1593-1599. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719116648218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F. Saad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Zaid M. Diken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Talar B. Kechichian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Shannon M. Clark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gayle L. Olson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - George R. Saade
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Maged M. Costantine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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He M, Nitti M, Piras S, Furfaro AL, Traverso N, Pronzato MA, Mann GE. Heme oxygenase-1-derived bilirubin protects endothelial cells against high glucose-induced damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:91-8. [PMID: 26391462 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia and diabetes are associated with endothelial cell dysfunction arising from enhanced oxidative injury, leading to the progression of diabetic vascular pathologies. The redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of antioxidant genes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), involved in cellular defenses against oxidative stress. We have investigated the pathways involved in high glucose-induced activation of HO-1 in endothelial cells and examined the molecular mechanisms underlying cytoprotection. Elevated d-glucose increased intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in bovine aortic endothelial cells, with no changes in cell viability. Superoxide scavenging and inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) abrogated upregulation of HO-1 expression by elevated glucose. Inhibition of HO-1 increased the sensitivity of endothelial cells to high glucose-mediated damage, while addition of bilirubin restored cell viability. Our findings establish that exposure of endothelial cells to high glucose leads to activation of endogenous antioxidant defense genes via the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Upregulation of HO-1 provides cytoprotection against high glucose-induced oxidative stress through the antioxidant properties of bilirubin. Modulation of the Nrf2 pathway in the early stages of diabetes may thus protect against sustained damage by hyperglycemia during progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua He
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Mariapaola Nitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 2L.B. Alberti Street, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Piras
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 2L.B. Alberti Street, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Traverso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 2L.B. Alberti Street, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Adelaide Pronzato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 2L.B. Alberti Street, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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Li X, Ye F, Li L, Chang W, Wu X, Chen J. The role of HO-1 in protection against lead-induced neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 2015; 52:1-11. [PMID: 26542248 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Lead is a pervasive and persistent environmental pollutant that exerts deleterious effects on all living organisms and continues to threaten public health on a global scale. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress-inducible enzyme that mediates antioxidative and cytoprotective effects to maintain cellular redox homeostasis and protect cells from oxidative stress. This study was designed to explore the role of HO-1 in protection against lead neurotoxicity and the signaling pathways involved. Lead acetate (PbAc) exposure resulted in increased HO-1 expression in primary rat hippocampal neurons and SH-SY5Y cells. PbAc-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) also increased, and cell viability decreased in SH-SY5Y cells. We further demonstrated that HO-1 could be induced by PbAc through the P38, ERK1/2, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in a ROS-dependent manner and through the JNK pathway in a ROS-independent manner. Further investigation revealed that HO-1 overexpression significantly restrained cell apoptosis and ROS production induced by PbAc in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, HO-1 knockdown aggravated PbAc-induced cell apoptosis and ROS production. Our results indicated that HO-1 was a novel protective factor that could efficiently inhibit PbAc-induced oxidative stress and cell death in the nervous system, thereby providing the potential therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of lead-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Li
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiongwen Wu
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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Yang JW, Hu ZP. Neuroprotective effects of atorvastatin against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1239-44. [PMID: 26487850 PMCID: PMC4590235 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.162755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia triggers secondary ischemia/reperfusion injury and endoplasmic reticulum stress initiates cell apoptosis. However, the regulatory mechanism of the signaling pathway remains unclear. We hypothesize that the regulatory mechanisms are mediated by the protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase/eukaryotic initiation factor 2α in the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway. To verify this hypothesis, we occluded the middle cerebral artery in rats to establish focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model. Results showed that the expression levels of protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase and caspase-3, as well as the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, were increased after ischemia/reperfusion. Administration of atorvastatin decreased the expression of protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, caspase-3 and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, reduced the infarct volume and improved ultrastructure in the rat brain. After salubrinal, the specific inhibitor of phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α was given into the rats intragastrically, the expression levels of caspase-3 and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α in the were decreased, a reduction of the infarct volume and less ultrastructural damage were observed than the untreated, ischemic brain. However, salubrinal had no impact on the expression of protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase. Experimental findings indicate that atorvastatin inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress and exerts neuroprotective effects. The underlying mechanisms of attenuating ischemia/reperfusion injury are associated with the protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase/eukaryotic initiation factor 2α/caspase-3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wen Yang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Mirjanic-Azaric B, Rizzo M, Jürgens G, Hallstroem S, Srdic S, Marc J, Cerne D. Atorvastatin treatment increases plasma bilirubin but not HMOX1 expression in stable angina patients. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2015; 75:382-9. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2015.1031691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bosa Mirjanic-Azaric
- Clinical Centre Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Emerging Diseases, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euromediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Günther Jürgens
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallstroem
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Svetozar Srdic
- Clinical Centre Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Janja Marc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darko Cerne
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ozen M, Zhao H, Lewis DB, Wong RJ, Stevenson DK. Heme oxygenase and the immune system in normal and pathological pregnancies. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:84. [PMID: 25964759 PMCID: PMC4408852 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal pregnancy is an immunotolerant state. Many factors, including environmental, socioeconomic, genetic, and immunologic changes by infection and/or other causes of inflammation, may contribute to inter-individual differences resulting in a normal or pathologic pregnancy. In particular, imbalances in the immune system can cause many pregnancy-related diseases, such as infertility, abortions, pre-eclampsia, and preterm labor, which result in maternal/fetal death, prematurity, or small-for-gestational age newborns. New findings imply that myeloid regulatory cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) may mediate immunotolerance during normal pregnancy. Effector T cells (Teffs) have, in contrast, been implicated to cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, feto-maternal tolerance affects the developing fetus. It has been shown that the Treg/Teff balance affects litter size and adoptive transfer of pregnancy-induced Tregs can prevent fetal rejection in the mouse. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has a protective role in many conditions through its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidative, and anti-proliferative actions. HO-1 is highly expressed in the placenta and plays a role in angiogenesis and placental vascular development and in regulating vascular tone in pregnancy. In addition, HO-1 is a major regulator of immune homeostasis by mediating crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune systems. Moreover, HO-1 can inhibit inflammation-induced phenotypic maturation of immune effector cells and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and promote anti-inflammatory cytokine production. HO-1 may also be associated with T-cell activation and can limit immune-based tissue injury by promoting Treg suppression of effector responses. Thus, HO-1 and its byproducts may protect against pregnancy complications by its immunomodulatory effects, and the regulation of HO-1 or its downstream effects has the potential to prevent or treat pregnancy complications and prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maide Ozen
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hui Zhao
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David B Lewis
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald J Wong
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David K Stevenson
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
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Triboulet S, Aude-Garcia C, Armand L, Collin-Faure V, Chevallet M, Diemer H, Gerdil A, Proamer F, Strub JM, Habert A, Herlin N, Van Dorsselaer A, Carrière M, Rabilloud T. Comparative proteomic analysis of the molecular responses of mouse macrophages to titanium dioxide and copper oxide nanoparticles unravels some toxic mechanisms for copper oxide nanoparticles in macrophages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124496. [PMID: 25902355 PMCID: PMC4406518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide and copper oxide nanoparticles are more and more widely used because of their catalytic properties, of their light absorbing properties (titanium dioxide) or of their biocidal properties (copper oxide), increasing the risk of adverse health effects. In this frame, the responses of mouse macrophages were studied. Both proteomic and targeted analyses were performed to investigate several parameters, such as phagocytic capacity, cytokine release, copper release, and response at sub toxic doses. Besides titanium dioxide and copper oxide nanoparticles, copper ions were used as controls. We also showed that the overall copper release in the cell does not explain per se the toxicity observed with copper oxide nanoparticles. In addition, both copper ion and copper oxide nanoparticles, but not titanium oxide, induced DNA strands breaks in macrophages. As to functional responses, the phagocytic capacity was not hampered by any of the treatments at non-toxic doses, while copper ion decreased the lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine and nitric oxide productions. The proteomic analyses highlighted very few changes induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles, but an induction of heme oxygenase, an increase of glutathione synthesis and a decrease of tetrahydrobiopterin in response to copper oxide nanoparticles. Subsequent targeted analyses demonstrated that the increase in glutathione biosynthesis and the induction of heme oxygenase (e.g. by lovastatin/monacolin K) are critical for macrophages to survive a copper challenge, and that the intermediates of the catecholamine pathway induce a strong cross toxicity with copper oxide nanoparticles and copper ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Triboulet
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Aude-Garcia
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, CEA/ iRTSV, Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, CNRS UMR5249, Grenoble, France
| | - Lucie Armand
- Service de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique, Univ. Grenoble Alpes & CEA, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Mireille Chevallet
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, CEA/ iRTSV, Grenoble, France
| | - Hélène Diemer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg & CNRS UMR 7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg, France
| | - Adèle Gerdil
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin (Unité de recherche Associée 2453), Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Fabienne Proamer
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Unité MIxte de recherche S949 Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marc Strub
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg & CNRS UMR 7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aurélie Habert
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin (Unité de recherche Associée 2453), Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Nathalie Herlin
- Laboratoire Francis Perrin (Unité de recherche Associée 2453), Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg & CNRS UMR 7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Carrière
- Service de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique, Univ. Grenoble Alpes & CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Thierry Rabilloud
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, CNRS UMR5249, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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Ambegaokar SS, Kolson DL. Heme oxygenase-1 dysregulation in the brain: implications for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Curr HIV Res 2015; 12:174-88. [PMID: 24862327 PMCID: PMC4155834 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x12666140526122709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a highly inducible and ubiquitous cellular enzyme that subserves cytoprotective responses to toxic insults, including inflammation and oxidative stress. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis, HO-1 expression is increased, presumably reflecting an endogenous neuroprotective response against ongoing cellular injury. In contrast, we have found that in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the brain, which is also associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration, HO-1 expression is decreased, likely reflecting a unique role for HO-1 deficiency in neurodegeneration pathways activated by HIV infection. We have also shown that HO-1 expression is significantly suppressed by HIV replication in cultured macrophages which represent the primary cellular reservoir for HIV in the brain. HO-1 deficiency is associated with release of neurotoxic levels of glutamate from both HIV-infected and immune-activated macrophages; this glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity is suppressed by pharmacological induction of HO-1 expression in the macrophages. Thus, HO-1 induction could be a therapeutic strategy for neuroprotection against HIV infection and other neuroinflammatory brain diseases. Here, we review various stimuli and signaling pathways regulating HO-1 expression in macrophages, which could promote neuronal survival through HO-1-modulation of endogenous antioxidant and immune modulatory pathways, thus limiting the oxidative stress that can promote HIV disease progression in the CNS. The use of pharmacological inducers of endogenous HO-1 expression as potential adjunctive neuroprotective therapeutics in HIV infection is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis L Kolson
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 280 Clinical Research Building, 415 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Padmini E, Tharani J. Differential expression of HO-1 and CYP1A2 during up-regulation of ERK in stressed fish hepatocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:4147. [PMID: 25471622 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a crucial step in the cellular response to oxidative stress. Altered expression of such proteins in response to stress conditions is a key factor for the maintenance of cellular integrity and survival. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) are critical indicators of environmental exposure to hypoxia. The current study was aimed to analyse the expression pattern of HO-1, p-ERK, HIF-1α and CYP1A2 in hepatocytes of Mugil cephalus inhabiting Kovalam (unpolluted site) and Ennore (polluted site) estuaries. The impact of stress on hepatocytes was assessed by measuring the level of lipid hydroperoxides (LHP) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in hepatocytes of M. cephalus inhabiting these estuaries. The expression of HO-1, p-ERK, HIF-1α and CYP1A2 was analysed by ELISA and immunoblot analysis, respectively. There was significant decrease of GSH (19%) and CYP1A2 (34%) along with significant increase of LHP (31%), HO-1 (96%), p-ERK (p < 0.01) and HIF-1α (41%) in hepatocytes of M. cephalus inhabiting Ennore estuary than Kovalam estuary. The present study shows that increased synthesis of HO-1 mainly regulated by p-ERK and HIF-1α may significantly contribute to the environmental adaptation processes of grey mullet, by protecting the cells from oxidative stress and stress-induced degenerative changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekambaram Padmini
- P.G. Department of Biochemistry, Bharathi Women's College, Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, 600108, Tamil Nadu, India,
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Man W, Ming D, Fang D, Chao L, Jing C. Dimethyl sulfoxide attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in cardiomyocytes via heme oxygenase-1. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:1159-65. [PMID: 24415199 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant property of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was formerly attributed to its direct effects. Our former study showed that DMSO is able to induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in endothelial cells, which is a potent antioxidant enzyme. In this study, we hypothesized that the antioxidant effects of DMSO in cardiomyocytes are mediated or partially mediated by increased HO-1 expression. Therefore, we investigated whether DMSO exerts protective effects against H2 O2 -induced oxidative damage in cardiomyocytes, and whether HO-1 is involved in DMSO-imparted protective effects, and we also explore the underlying mechanism of DMSO-induced HO-1 expression. Our study demonstrated that DMSO pretreatment showed a cytoprotective effect against H2 O2 -induced oxidative damage (impaired cell viability, increased apopototic cells rate and caspase-3 level, and increased release of LDH and CK) and this process is partially mediated by HO-1 upregulation. Furthermore, our data showed that the activation of p38 MAPK and Nrf2 translocation are involved in the HO-1 upregulation induced by DMSO. This study reports for the first time that the cytoprotective effect of DMSO in cardiomyocytes is partially mediated by HO-1, which may further explain the mechanisms by which DMSO exerts cardioprotection on H2 O2 injury. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1159-1165, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Man
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Minhang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
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28
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Xu Y, Du HP, Li J, Xu R, Wang YL, You SJ, Liu H, Wang F, Cao YJ, Liu CF, Hu LF. Statins upregulate cystathionine γ-lyase transcription and H2S generation via activating Akt signaling in macrophage. Pharmacol Res 2014; 87:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gonzalez JM, Pedroni SMA, Girardi G. Statins prevent cervical remodeling, myometrial contractions and preterm labor through a mechanism that involves hemoxygenase-1 and complement inhibition. Mol Hum Reprod 2014; 20:579-89. [PMID: 24623738 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is a major public health problem, with a global prevalence of 9.6% and over a million annual neonatal deaths. In a mouse model of preterm labor (PTL) induced by intravaginal administration of a subclinical dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we previously demonstrated that LPS ascends to the cervix, inducing complement activation, cervical remodeling and PTL. Here we show that complement activation also plays a role in myometrial contractions during PTL in this model. Increased levels of C5a were detected in the myometrium of LPS-treated mice but not in age-matched control or term myometrium. Human and mouse myometrium incubated with C5a showed increased frequency of contractions and expression of connexin 43, suggesting that C5a is an uterotonic molecule. Statins, which showed beneficial effects in preventing complement-mediated pregnancy complications, prevented cervical remodeling, myometrial contractions and PTL in the LPS model. The protective effects of statins in PTL were associated with increased synthesis, expression and activity of heme oxygenase (HO-1) in myometrium and cervix. Coadministration of HO-1 inhibitor tin-protoporphyrin-IX with pravastatin abrogated the protective effects of pravastatin on cervical remodeling and myometrial contractions leading to PTB. In addition, pravastatin inhibited complement activation in the cervix by increasing the synthesis and expression of complement inhibitor decay-accelerating factor. This study in mice suggests that statins might be useful to prevent PTL in humans. Clinical trials in humans are needed and if these results are confirmed, they may form the basis for a new clinical approach to prevent PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Gonzalez
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | - Silvia M A Pedroni
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Guillermina Girardi
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
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Dunn LL, Midwinter RG, Ni J, Hamid HA, Parish CR, Stocker R. New insights into intracellular locations and functions of heme oxygenase-1. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1723-42. [PMID: 24180287 PMCID: PMC3961787 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) plays a critical role in the protection of cells, and the inducible enzyme is implicated in a spectrum of human diseases. The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular and metabolic morbidities, for which current treatment approaches are not optimal, emphasizes the necessity to better understand key players such as HMOX1 that may be therapeutic targets. RECENT ADVANCES HMOX1 is a dynamic protein that can undergo post-translational and structural modifications which modulate HMOX1 function. Moreover, trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to other cellular compartments, including the nucleus, highlights that HMOX1 may play roles other than the catabolism of heme. CRITICAL ISSUES The ability of HMOX1 to be induced by a variety of stressors, in an equally wide variety of tissues and cell types, represents an obstacle for the therapeutic exploitation of the enzyme. Any capacity to modulate HMOX1 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases should be tempered with an appreciation that HMOX1 may have an impact on cancer. Moreover, the potential for heme catabolism end products, such as carbon monoxide, to amplify the HMOX1 stress response should be considered. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A more complete understanding of HMOX1 modifications and the properties that they impart is necessary. Delineating these parameters will provide a clearer picture of the opportunities to modulate HMOX1 in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise L. Dunn
- Vascular Biology Division, The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Jun Ni
- Vascular Biology Division, The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hafizah A. Hamid
- Vascular Biology Division, The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher R. Parish
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- Vascular Biology Division, The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Sławińska-Brych A, Zdzisińska B, Kandefer-Szerszeń M. Fluvastatin inhibits growth and alters the malignant phenotype of the C6 glioma cell line. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:121-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kang KA, Kim KC, Bae SC, Hyun JW. Oxidative stress induces proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting RUNX3 and activating the Akt signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1511-6. [PMID: 24042352 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that the tumor suppressor Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is silenced in colorectal cancer cells via oxidative stress-induced hypermethylation of its promoter. The resulting downregulation of RUNX3 expression influences cell proliferation. Activation of the Akt signaling pathway is also associated with cell survival and proliferation; however, the effects of oxidative stress on the relationship between RUNX3 and Akt signaling are largely unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanisms involved in cell proliferation caused by oxidative stress-induced silencing of RUNX3. The levels of RUNX3 mRNA and protein were downregulated in response to treatment of the human colorectal cancer cell line SNU-407 with H2O2. Treatment of the cells with H2O2 also upregulated Akt mRNA and protein expression, and inhibited the binding of RUNX3 to the Akt promoter. The inverse correlation between the expression levels of RUNX3 and Akt in H2O2-treated cells was also associated with nuclear translocation of β-catenin and upregulation of cyclin D1 expression, which induced cell proliferation. H2O2 treatment also increased the binding of β-catenin to the cyclin D1 promoter. The results presented here demonstrate that reactive oxygen species silence the tumor suppressor RUNX3, enhance the Akt-mediated signaling pathway, and promote the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ah Kang
- School of Medicine, and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Lipoxin A4-induced heme oxygenase-1 protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via p38 MAPK activation and Nrf2/ARE complex. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67120. [PMID: 23826208 PMCID: PMC3691153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether lipoxin A4 (LXA4) increases expression of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) in cardiomyocytes, whether LXA4-induced HO-1 protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury, and what are the mechanisms involved in the LXA4-induced HO-1 induction. METHODS Rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to H/R injury with or without preincubation with LXA4 or HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP-IX or various signal molecule inhibitors. Expressions of HO-1 protein and mRNA were analyzed by using Western blot and RT-PCR respectively. Activity of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) binding to the HO-1 E1 enhancer was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Nrf2 binding to the HO-1 antioxidant responsive element (ARE) were measured by using electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS Pretreatment of the cells undergoing H/R lesion with LXA4 significantly reduced the lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase productions, increased the cell viability, and increased the expressions of HO-1 protein and mRNA and HO-1 promoter activity. HO-1 inhibition abolished the protective role of LXA4 on the cells undergoing H/R lesion. LXA4 increased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation, nuclear translocation of Nrf2, Nrf2 binding to the HO-1 ARE and E1 enhancer in cardiomyocytes with or without H/R exposure. CONCLUSION The protection role of LXA4 against H/R injury of cardiomyocytes is related to upregulation of HO-1, via activation of p38 MAPK pathway and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and Nrf2 binding to the HO-1 ARE and E1 enhancer, but not via activation of phosphatidyinositol-3-kinase or extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway.
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Mouawad CA, Mrad MF, Al-Hariri M, Soussi H, Hamade E, Alam J, Habib A. Role of nitric oxide and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein transcription factor in statin-dependent induction of heme oxygenase-1 in mouse macrophages. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64092. [PMID: 23717538 PMCID: PMC3661457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of statins on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was compared in 2 murine cell lines, RAW 264.7 and J774A.1 cell lines, and in primary peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice. The role of endogenous nitric oxide and the type of transcription factors involved were explored. Simvastatin and fluvastatin induced HO-1. Pretreatment of cells with l-NMMA or 1400 W, two different nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, partially blocked statin-dependent induction of HO-1 in RAW 264.7 and J774A.1 but not in primary peritoneal macrophages. Induction of HO-1 by statins was dependent on p-38 MAP kinase activation in all types of macrophages. In RAW 264.7 cells, both statins increased the activity of reporter genes linked to the proximal 1.3 kbp promoter of HO-1 (EC50 of 1.4±0.3 µM for simvastatin and 0.6±0.03 µM for fluvastatin). This effect was significantly blocked by 1400 W (80±5.2% inhibition, p<0.02) and mevalonate, the direct metabolite of HMGCoA reductase. Gel retardation experiments implicated C/EBPβ, AP-1 but not USF, for both RAW 264.7 and primary peritoneal macrophages of C57BL/6 mice. Collectively we showed a differential role of endogenous nitric oxide between macrophage cell lines and primary macrophages and an effect of statins in the protection against inflammation by increasing HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel A. Mouawad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - May F. Mrad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Moustafa Al-Hariri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiba Soussi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eva Hamade
- Génomique et Santé, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Jawed Alam
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Ochsner Clinical School - The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aïda Habib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Zacharski LR, DePalma RG, Shamayeva G, Chow BK. The statin-iron nexus: anti-inflammatory intervention for arterial disease prevention. Am J Public Health 2013; 103:e105-12. [PMID: 23409890 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2012.301163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We postulated the existence of a statin-iron nexus by which statins improve cardiovascular disease outcomes at least partially by countering proinflammatory effects of excess iron stores. METHODS Using data from a clinical trial of iron (ferritin) reduction in advanced peripheral arterial disease, the Iron and Atherosclerosis Study, we compared effects of ferritin levels versus high-density lipoprotein to low-density lipoprotein ratios (both were randomization variables) on clinical outcomes in participants receiving and not receiving statins. RESULTS Statins increased high-density lipoprotein to low-density lipoprotein ratios and reduced ferritin levels by noninteracting mechanisms. Improved clinical outcomes were associated with lower ferritin levels but not with improved lipid status. CONCLUSIONS There are commonalities between the clinical benefits of statins and the maintenance of physiologic iron levels. Iron reduction may be a safe and low-cost alternative to statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo R Zacharski
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Hospital, White River Junction, VT 05009, USA.
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36
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Mascitelli L, Goldstein MR. Might the beneficial effects of statin drugs be related to their action on iron metabolism? QJM 2012; 105:1225-9. [PMID: 23097387 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcs204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the cholesterol-heart hypothesis is often regarded as a dogmatic belief, controversy continues to surround the aetiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In fact, lowering cholesterol with statin drugs has been shown to reduce cardiovascular risk. However, statins have pleiotropic effects independent of their capacity to lower cholesterol. We highlight that statin drugs exert an important action on iron metabolism, which in turn may prevent progression and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaque. If it is found that the effect of statins on iron metabolism is a mechanism of their beneficial action, this consequence of statin use can be clinically replicated by other methods, such as controlled reduction of body iron stores. This might allow the use of lower doses or even obviate the use of statins in primary cardiovascular prevention, and therefore avoid the side effects and expense of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mascitelli
- Comando Brigata alpina Julia, Medical Service, 8 Via S. Agostino, Udine 33100, Italy.
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Tu YP, Chen SC, Liu YH, Chen CF, Hour TC. Postconditioning with far-infrared irradiation increases heme oxygenase-1 expression and protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat testis. Life Sci 2012; 92:35-41. [PMID: 23142244 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Studies have shown that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has a protective role in the mechanism underlying hypoxic preconditioning. We used a far-infrared radiation (FIR) heater to investigate the postconditioning protective role of HO-1 against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat testis. MAIN METHODS Forty rats were used. Testis ischemia was mimicked by total obstructive clamping of testis vessels for 1, 2, or 4 h, and concomitant postconditioning with 30 min FIR or heat light during initially 30 min reperfusion. HO-1 expression and apoptosis of testis tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively. HO-1 protein level and caspase-3 activity were analyzed by Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS There was less apoptotic activity in rat testis after FIR, as determined by TUNEL assay. Higher HO-1 protein expression was observed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting (p<0.01) in testis cells after FIR postconditioning. In contrast, caspase-3 activity was significantly higher in heat light groups, as compared with FIR groups (p<0.01). SIGNIFICANCE FIR postconditioning attenuated I/R injury in rat testis by inducing HO-1 expression, which might have a protective role in testis apoptosis after I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Po Tu
- Department of Urology, Tao-Yuan General Hospital, Department of Health, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
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Mrad MF, Mouawad CA, Al‐Hariri M, Eid AA, Alam J, Habib A. Statins modulate transcriptional activity of heme‐oxygenase‐1 promoter in NIH 3T3 Cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:3466-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- May F. Mrad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, POBox 11‐236, Lebanon
| | - Charbel A. Mouawad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, POBox 11‐236, Lebanon
| | - Moustafa Al‐Hariri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, POBox 11‐236, Lebanon
| | - Assaad A. Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, POBox 11‐236, Lebanon
| | - Jawed Alam
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70121 and Ochsner Clinical School ‐ The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, 4006 Australia
| | - Aïda Habib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, POBox 11‐236, Lebanon
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Kwok SCM, Samuel SP, Handal J. Atorvastatin activates heme oxygenase-1 at the stress response elements. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:394-400. [PMID: 21447045 PMCID: PMC3823302 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are known to inhibit growth of a number of cancer cells, but their mechanism of action is not well established. In this study, human prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3 and breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cell lines were used as models to investigate the mechanism of action of atorvastatin, one of the statins. Atorvastatin was found to induce apoptosis in PC-3 cells at a concentration of 1 μM, and in MCF-7 cells at 50 μM. Initial survey of possible pathway using various pathway-specific luciferase reporter assays showed that atorvastatin-activated antioxidant response element (ARE), suggesting oxidative stress pathway may play a role in atorvastatin-induced apoptosis in both cell lines. Among the antioxidant response genes, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was significantly up-regulated by atorvastatin. Pre-incubation of the cells with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate blocked atorvastatin-induced apoptosis, but not up-regulation of HO-1, suggesting that atorvastatin-induced apoptosis is dependent on GTPase activity and up-regulation of HO-1 gene is not. Six ARE-like elements (designated StRE1 [stress response element] through StRE6) are present in the HO-1 promoter. Atorvastatin was able to activate all of the elements. Because these StRE sites are present in clusters in HO-1 promoter, up-regulation of HO-1 by atorvastatin may involve multiple StRE sites. The role of HO-1 in atorvastatin-induced apoptosis in PC-3 and MCF-7 remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C M Kwok
- ORTD, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141-3098, USA.
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Hu W, Zhou X, Jiang M, Duan Y, Chen Y, Li X, Yin Z, He GW, Yao Z, Zhu Y, Hajjar DP, Han J. Statins synergize dexamethasone-induced adipocyte fatty acid binding protein expression in macrophages. Atherosclerosis 2012; 222:434-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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41
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Epigenetic changes induced by oxidative stress in colorectal cancer cells: methylation of tumor suppressor RUNX3. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:403-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Tu YP, Chuang SJ, Chen SC, Liu YH, Chen CF, Hour TC. Simvastatin induces the expression of hemeoxygenase-1 against ischemia-reperfusion injury on the testes in rats. Toxicol Lett 2011; 207:242-50. [PMID: 21968084 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We evaluate the protective role of simvastatin-induced HO-1 in remote preconditioning against testis ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in vivo. Simvastatin was intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected 24 h before IR injury. Testis was occluded in the right testis for 40 min and followed by 30 min of reperfusion to induce IR injury. Tin protoporphyrin (Snpp), a competitive inhibitor of hemeoxygenase, was i.p. injected 1 h before the IR injury in separate groups of rats. The rat testes were harvested 24 h later. Induction of HO-1 expression by simvastatin was significantly increased at 24 and 48 h. Rats pre-treated with simvastatin showed higher expression of HO-1 protein by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and presented lower caspases-3 activity by caspase-3 activity assay. TUNEL staining analysis revealed simvastatin pretreatment significantly reduced IR induced cellular apoptosis. Contrarily, the simvastatin-induced cytoprotective effect was entirely abolished by administrations of Snpp. Further, lower caspase-3 activities were also noted in simvastatin plus Snpp (SS) group than the control plus Snpp (CS) group. After IR injury, eNOS immunoreactivity was markedly increased in the germ cell and Leydig cell of testicular tissues. Pretreatment of simvastatin significantly decreased eNOS immunoreactivity in the germ cell of the tubules in the rat testes. In conclusion, we suggest HO-1 plays a protective role in IR-induced injury in the testes of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Po Tu
- Department of Urology, Tao-Yuan General Hospital, Department of Health, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
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43
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Leung PO, Wang SH, Lu SH, Chou WH, Shiau CY, Chou TC. Simvastatin inhibits pro-inflammatory mediators through induction of heme oxygenase-1 expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Toxicol Lett 2011; 207:159-66. [PMID: 21925249 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that the anti-inflammatory activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutary coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) is independent of their hypocholesterolemic effect. Previous studies indicated that induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) exerts a cytoprotective activity in several inflammatory diseases. Here, the possibility that HO-1 is involved in the anti-inflammatory action of simvastatin, using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages as a model system has been specifically addressed. Our results demonstrated that in the presence of LPS, simvastatin significantly increased HO-1 expression and activity in a dose-dependent manner compared to that of LPS-stimulated alone macrophages. Moreover, simvastatin significantly inhibited LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression, and formation of pro-inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitrite and free radicals, but enhanced interleukin-10 (IL-10) production. Similarly, the IκB-α degradation and nuclear transcription factor-κB translocation and activation caused by LPS were significantly suppressed by simvastatin. However, these anti-inflammatory activities of simvastatin were markedly reversed by addition of a HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP). Accordingly, the present results indicate that the anti-inflammatory activity of simvastatin could, at least in part, be regulated by induction of HO-1-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pak-On Leung
- Department of Intensive Care, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
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Zhang WH, Zhang YJ, Liu CP, Yu BX, Lu WX. Simvastatin protects against the development of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats via a heme oxygenase-1–dependent pathway. Exp Lung Res 2011; 37:492-9. [DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2011.591892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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45
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Valenti L, Swinkels DW, Burdick L, Dongiovanni P, Tjalsma H, Motta BM, Bertelli C, Fatta E, Bignamini D, Rametta R, Fargion S, Fracanzani AL. Serum ferritin levels are associated with vascular damage in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 21:568-575. [PMID: 20392616 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased ferritin and body iron stores are frequently observed in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), associated with heightened susceptibility to vascular damage. Conflicting data have been reported on the role of iron in atherosclerosis, with recent data suggesting that excess iron induces vascular damage by increasing levels of the hormone hepcidin, which would determine iron trapping into macrophages, oxidative stress, and promotion of transformation into foam cells. Aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between iron status and cardiovascular damage in NAFLD. METHODS AND RESULTS Vascular damage was evaluated by common carotid arteries intima-media thickness (CC-IMT) measurement and plaque detection by ecocolor-doppler ultrasonography in 506 patients with clinical and ultrasonographic diagnosis of NAFLD, hemochromatosis gene (HFE) mutations by restriction analysis in 342 patients. Serum hepcidin-25 was measured by time-of-flight mass spectrometry in 143 patients. At multivariate analysis CC-IMT was associated with systolic blood pressure, glucose, LDL cholesterol, abdominal circumference, age, and ferritin (p=0.048). Carotid plaques were independently associated with age, ferritin, glucose, and hypertension. Ferritin reflected iron stores and metabolic syndrome components, but not inflammation or liver damage. Hyperferritinemia was associated with increased vascular damage only in patients with HFE genotypes associated with hepcidin upregulation by iron stores (p<0.0001), and serum hepcidin-25 was independently associated with carotid plaques (p=0.05). CONCLUSION Ferritin levels, reflecting iron stores, are independent predictors of vascular damage in NAFLD. The mechanism may involve upregulation of hepcidin by increased iron stores in patients not carrying HFE mutations, and iron compartmentalization into macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Valenti
- Center for the Study of Metabolic and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Università degli Studi Milano, Internal Medicine 1B, Hospital Fondazione Policlinico MaRE IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
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Kim YM, Pae HO, Park JE, Lee YC, Woo JM, Kim NH, Choi YK, Lee BS, Kim SR, Chung HT. Heme oxygenase in the regulation of vascular biology: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:137-67. [PMID: 20624029 PMCID: PMC2988629 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenases (HOs) are the rate-limiting enzymes in the catabolism of heme into biliverdin, free iron, and carbon monoxide. Two genetically distinct isoforms of HO have been characterized: an inducible form, HO-1, and a constitutively expressed form, HO-2. HO-1 is a kind of stress protein, and thus regarded as a sensitive and reliable indicator of cellular oxidative stress. The HO system acts as potent antioxidants, protects endothelial cells from apoptosis, is involved in regulating vascular tone, attenuates inflammatory response in the vessel wall, and participates in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Endothelial integrity and activity are thought to occupy the central position in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular disease risk conditions converge in the contribution to oxidative stress. The oxidative stress leads to endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction with increases in vessel tone, cell growth, and gene expression that create a pro-thrombotic/pro-inflammatory environment. Subsequent formation, progression, and obstruction of atherosclerotic plaque may result in myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. This background provides the rationale for exploring the potential therapeutic role for HO system in the amelioration of vascular inflammation and prevention of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Myeong Kim
- Vascular System Research Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, South Korea
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Kim YM, Pae HO, Park JE, Lee YC, Woo JM, Kim NH, Choi YK, Lee BS, Kim SR, Chung HT. Heme oxygenase in the regulation of vascular biology: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010. [PMID: 20624029 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.31532988629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenases (HOs) are the rate-limiting enzymes in the catabolism of heme into biliverdin, free iron, and carbon monoxide. Two genetically distinct isoforms of HO have been characterized: an inducible form, HO-1, and a constitutively expressed form, HO-2. HO-1 is a kind of stress protein, and thus regarded as a sensitive and reliable indicator of cellular oxidative stress. The HO system acts as potent antioxidants, protects endothelial cells from apoptosis, is involved in regulating vascular tone, attenuates inflammatory response in the vessel wall, and participates in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Endothelial integrity and activity are thought to occupy the central position in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular disease risk conditions converge in the contribution to oxidative stress. The oxidative stress leads to endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction with increases in vessel tone, cell growth, and gene expression that create a pro-thrombotic/pro-inflammatory environment. Subsequent formation, progression, and obstruction of atherosclerotic plaque may result in myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. This background provides the rationale for exploring the potential therapeutic role for HO system in the amelioration of vascular inflammation and prevention of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Myeong Kim
- Vascular System Research Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, South Korea
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Hsieh CH, Jeng JCY, Hsieh MW, Chen YC, Lu TH, Rau CS, Jeng SF. Involvement of the p38 pathway in the differential induction of heme oxygenase-1 by statins in Neuro-2A cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide. Drug Chem Toxicol 2010; 34:8-19. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2010.482587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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49
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Simvastatin-dependent up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 via mRNA stabilization in human endothelial cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 41:118-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Arii K, Suehiro T, Ikeda Y, Kumon Y, Inoue M, Inada S, Takata H, Ishibashi A, Hashimoto K, Terada Y. Role of protein kinase C in pitavastatin-induced human paraoxonase I expression in Huh7 cells. Metabolism 2010; 59:1287-93. [PMID: 20092859 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that pitavastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, enhanced human serum paraoxonase (PON1) gene promoter activity and that protein kinase C (PKC) activated PON1 expression through Sp1 in cultured HepG2 cells. We investigated whether PKC was involved in pitavastatin-induced PON1 expression. PON1 gene promoter activity was assessed by a reporter gene assay using cultured Huh7 cells. PON1 protein expression and PKC activation were measured by Western blotting. The binding activity of Sp1 to the PON1 gene upstream was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Both PON1 gene promoter activity and PON1 protein expression were elevated by pitavastatin stimulation. The effects of pitavastatin on PON1 promoter activity and PON1 protein expression were attenuated by both bisindolylmaleimide IX (Ro-31-8220) and bisindolylmaleimide I. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that pitavastatin increased the Sp1-PON1 DNA binding, and this effect was attenuated by Ro-31-8220. Pitavastatin activated atypical PKC, but never conventional or novel PKC. Myristoylated pseudosubstrate peptide inhibitor of PKCzeta abolished the pitavastatin-increased PON1 promoter activity; however, calphostin C and Gö6976 (PKC inhibitors except for PKCzeta) did not influence the promoter activity. In addition, an overexpression of dominant negative form of PKCzeta expression vector obviously decreased pitavastatin-induced PON1 promoter activation. These observations suggest that pitavastatin activates PKC, especially PKCzeta isoform, which increases the binding intensity of Sp1 to PON1 DNA promoter responsible for enhanced transcription of PON1 gene and increased PON1 protein expression in Huh7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Arii
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8505, Japan.
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