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Dongiovanni P, Meroni M, Aiello G, D’Amato A, Cenzato N, Casati S, Damiani G, Fenoglio C, Galimberti D, Grossi E, Prati D, Lamorte G, Bianco C, Valenti L, Soggiu A, Zapperi S, La Porta CAM, Del Fabbro M, Tartaglia GM. Salivary proteomic profile of young healthy subjects. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1327233. [PMID: 38099196 PMCID: PMC10720708 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1327233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has been rapidly ramped up worldwide. Hence, there is an urgent need to non-invasively detect NCDs possibly by exploiting saliva as a 'liquid biopsy' to identify biomarkers of the health status. Since, the absence of standardized procedures of collection/analysis and the lack of normal ranges makes the use of saliva still tricky, our purpose was to outline a salivary proteomic profile which features healthy individuals. Methods: We collected saliva samples from 19 young blood donors as reference population and the proteomic profile was investigated through mass-spectrometry. Results: We identified 1,004 proteins of whose 243 proteins were shared by all subjects. By applying a data clustering approach, we found a set of six most representative proteins across all subjects including Coronin-1A, F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha, Immunoglobulin J chain, Prosaposin, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein and Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A and 1B. Conclusion: All of these proteins are involved in immune system activation, cellular stress responses, proliferation, and invasion thus suggesting their use as biomarkers in patients with NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Dongiovanni
- Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Meroni
- Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gilda Aiello
- Department of Human Science and Quality of Life Promotion, Telematic University San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - A. D’Amato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - N. Cenzato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Casati
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G. Damiani
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - C. Fenoglio
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - D. Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - E. Grossi
- Villa Santa Maria Foundation, Tavernerio, Italy
| | - D. Prati
- Biological Resource Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - G. Lamorte
- Biological Resource Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - C. Bianco
- Biological Resource Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - L. Valenti
- Biological Resource Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Soggiu
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Zapperi
- Department of Physics, Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - C. A. M. La Porta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- SC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - G. M. Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- SC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Cenzato N, Khijmatgar S, Carloni P, Dongiovanni P, Meroni M, Del Fabbro M, Tartaglia GM. What is the use of nutraceuticals in dentistry? A scoping review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:4899-4913. [PMID: 37318464 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202306_32607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, nutraceuticals have been widely explored in many medical fields and their use is also increasing in oral and dental problems. Since the nutraceutical evidence landscape in the literature has not been fully elucidated yet, this review aims to examine the effects of commercially available nutraceuticals and their potential evidence and applications in dentistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS A scoping review was conducted following the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR)" checklist. The electronic search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science on March 2022. The inclusion criteria include humans, clinical trials, randomized controlled trials (RCT), reviews, and systematic reviews published over the last ten years. RESULTS 18 studies met the eligibility criteria. There were 2 RCTs, 11 systematic reviews, and four narrative reviews. In most studies, the clinical indications were oral leucoplakia, periodontitis, osseointegration of implants, oral mucositis, oral clefts, and oral health. Probiotics, prebiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamins A, B, C, D, and E were the most common nutraceuticals used in dentistry. CONCLUSIONS Nutraceuticals are foods that, according to the literature, may be useful for preventing and treating dental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cenzato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Macchi C, Botta M, Marchiano S, Dongiovanni P, Valenti L, Cicero A, Magni P, Corsini A, Ferri N, Ruscica M. Leptin and resistin affect PCSK9 expression: In vitro and in vivo evidence. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dongiovanni P, Stender S, Pietrelli A, Mancina RM, Cespiati A, Petta S, Pelusi S, Pingitore P, Badiali S, Maggioni M, Mannisto V, Grimaudo S, Pipitone RM, Pihlajamaki J, Craxi A, Taube M, Carlsson LMS, Fargion S, Romeo S, Kozlitina J, Valenti L. Causal relationship of hepatic fat with liver damage and insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver. J Intern Med 2018; 283:356-370. [PMID: 29280273 PMCID: PMC5900872 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is epidemiologically associated with hepatic and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to examine whether hepatic fat accumulation has a causal role in determining liver damage and insulin resistance. METHODS We performed a Mendelian randomization analysis using risk alleles in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, GCKR and MBOAT7, and a polygenic risk score for hepatic fat, as instruments. We evaluated complementary cohorts of at-risk individuals and individuals from the general population: 1515 from the liver biopsy cohort (LBC), 3329 from the Swedish Obese Subjects Study (SOS) and 4570 from the population-based Dallas Heart Study (DHS). RESULTS Hepatic fat was epidemiologically associated with liver damage, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The impact of genetic variants on liver damage was proportional to their effect on hepatic fat accumulation. Genetically determined hepatic fat was associated with aminotransferases, and with inflammation, ballooning and fibrosis in the LBC. Furthermore, in the LBC, the causal association between hepatic fat and fibrosis was independent of disease activity, suggesting that a causal effect of long-term liver fat accumulation on liver disease is independent of inflammation. Genetically determined hepatic steatosis was associated with insulin resistance in the LBC and SOS. However, this association was dependent on liver damage severity. Genetically determined hepatic steatosis was associated with liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and with a small increase in risk of type 2 diabetes in publicly available databases. CONCLUSION These data suggest that long-term hepatic fat accumulation plays a causal role in the development of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dongiovanni
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Stender
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A Pietrelli
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy.,Bioinformatic unit, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - R M Mancina
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Cespiati
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Petta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Pelusi
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P Pingitore
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Badiali
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Maggioni
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - V Mannisto
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Grimaudo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - R M Pipitone
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - J Pihlajamaki
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A Craxi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Taube
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - L M S Carlsson
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Fargion
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.,Cardiology Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Kozlitina
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - L Valenti
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Valenti L, Pelusi S, Dongiovanni P. S18-1APPLYING GENETIC INFORMATION ON HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA SURVEILLANCE STRATEGIES – ARE WE THERE YET? Alcohol Alcohol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx075.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Milano M, Dongiovanni P, Artoni A, Gatti S, Rosso L, Colombo F, Bollati V, Maggioni M, Mannucci PM, Bertazzi PA, Fargion S, Valenti L. Particulate matter phagocytosis induces tissue factor in differentiating macrophages. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:151-60. [PMID: 25858758 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Airborne exposure to particulate matter with diameter < 10 mcM (PM10) has been linked to an increased risk of thromboembolic events, but the mechanisms are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PM10 phagocytosis on the release of procoagulant molecules in human differentiating macrophages, and that of PM10 inhalation in an experimental model in rats. Human monocytes were separated from the peripheral blood by the lymphoprep method, differentiated in vitro and treated with standard PM10 or vehicle. Sprague-Dawley rats were instilled intratracheally with PM10 or vehicle alone. The outcome was expression of proinflammatory genes and of tissue factor (TF). In human differentiating macrophages, PM10 exposure upregulated inflammatory genes, but most consistently induced TF mRNA and protein levels, but not TF protein inhibitor, resulting in increased TF membrane expression and a procoagulant phenotype. Differentiation towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype inhibited PM10 -mediated TF expression. TF induction required phagocytosis of PM10 , whereas phagocytosis of inert particles was less effective. PM10 phagocytosis was associated with a gene expression profile consistent with intracellular retention of iron, inducing oxidative stress. Both PM10 and iron activated the stress kinases ERK1/2 pathway, involved in the induction of TF expression. In rats, alveolar exposure to PM10 was associated with pulmonary recruitment of inflammatory cells and resulted in local, but not systemic, induction of TF expression, which was sufficient to increase circulating TF levels. In conclusion, TF induction by differentiating lung macrophages, activated following phagocytosis, contributes to the increased risk of thromboembolic complications associated with PM10 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Milano
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P Dongiovanni
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Artoni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, A. Bianchi BonomiHemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Gatti
- Liver Transplantation Unit and PreclinicalResearch Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Rosso
- Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F Colombo
- Flow Cytometry Service, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - V Bollati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Maggioni
- Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - P M Mannucci
- Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P A Bertazzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Fargion
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
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Valenti L, Aghemo A, Stättermayer AF, Maggioni P, De Nicola S, Motta BM, Rumi MG, Dongiovanni P, Ferenci P, Colombo M, Fargion S. Implications of PNPLA3 polymorphism in chronic hepatitis C patients receiving peginterferon plus ribavirin. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:1434-42. [PMID: 22530607 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homozygosity for the PNPLA3 p.I148M polymorphism influences steatosis and fibrogenesis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). AIM To evaluate the effect of p.148M/M on sustained virological response (SVR) and viral kinetics in patients who underwent antiviral therapy with peg-interferon and ribavirin, stratified according to viral genotype and fibrosis severity, and secondarily, the interaction with interleukin-28B ( IL28B ) genotype on liver damage. METHODS In this observational study, we considered 602 treatment-naïve consecutive patients from tertiary referral centres in Milan and Vienna [61% genotype 1 (G1), 30% advanced fibrosis, 33% IL28B rs12979860 CC]. RESULTS The p.148M/M genotype, detected in 8% of patients, did not influence SVR in the overall series (P = 0.29), but it was associated with SVR (3/17, 17% vs. 56/121, 46%; P = 0.034) and complete early viral response (4/17, 23% vs. 68/121, 56%; P = 0.018) in G1/4 patients with advanced fibrosis. After adjustment for age, viral load, IL28B CC genotype, treatment dose, and steatosis, p.148M/M remained a predictor of SVR in G1/4 patients with advanced fibrosis (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.04-0.87). The p.148M/M genotype was associated with more advanced fibrosis in the overall series (P = 0.049), whereas the rs12979860 IL28B CC genotype only in patients negative for p.148M/M (P = 0.017), independently of age, BMI and alanine transaminase levels (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.01-2.27). CONCLUSIONS PNPLA3 p.148M/M genotype was negatively associated with SVR and early viral kinetics independently of steatosis, albeit only in difficult-to-cure G1/4 patients with advanced fibrosis, whereas stratification for the p.148M/M PNPLA3 genotype unmasked an association between IL28B CC genotype and more severe liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Valenti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Università degli Studi, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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Galmozzi E, Del Menico B, Rametta R, Dongiovanni P, Fracanzani AL, Benedan L, Borroni V, Maggioni P, Fargion S, Valenti L. A tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction for the evaluation of rs12979860 IL28B genotype. J Viral Hepat 2011; 18:628-30. [PMID: 20659305 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2010.01349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Recently, genome-wide association studies in patients affected by HCV infection have identified a strong association between sustained virological response to peg-interferon/ribavirin and spontaneous viral clearance and common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the IL28B gene, encoding for interferon-lambda-3. Thus, it is anticipated that IL28B genotype determination will be integrated in clinical practice to guide treatment decisions. Here, we describe a simple tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) for the evaluation of the rs12979860 C>T IL28B SNP, for which strong evidence of association with clinical outcomes has been collected in subjects of European descent. Valid genotypic data were obtained for over 99% of subjects analysed, and T-ARMS-PCR procedures were validated by the analysis of DNA samples of 164 patients with chronic HCV infection. In conclusion, this method allows rapid, reproducible, inexpensive and accurate detection of rs12979860 polymorphism without need of any special equipment and is also suitable for evaluation of a low number of samples on a routine basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Galmozzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Università degli Studi, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Ca' Granda IRCCS, Milano, Italy
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Valenti L, Swinkels DW, Burdick L, Dongiovanni P, Tjalsma H, Motta BM, Bertelli C, Fatta E, Bignamini D, Rametta R, Fargion S, Fracanzani AL. Serum ferritin levels are associated with vascular damage in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 21:568-575. [PMID: 20392616 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased ferritin and body iron stores are frequently observed in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), associated with heightened susceptibility to vascular damage. Conflicting data have been reported on the role of iron in atherosclerosis, with recent data suggesting that excess iron induces vascular damage by increasing levels of the hormone hepcidin, which would determine iron trapping into macrophages, oxidative stress, and promotion of transformation into foam cells. Aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between iron status and cardiovascular damage in NAFLD. METHODS AND RESULTS Vascular damage was evaluated by common carotid arteries intima-media thickness (CC-IMT) measurement and plaque detection by ecocolor-doppler ultrasonography in 506 patients with clinical and ultrasonographic diagnosis of NAFLD, hemochromatosis gene (HFE) mutations by restriction analysis in 342 patients. Serum hepcidin-25 was measured by time-of-flight mass spectrometry in 143 patients. At multivariate analysis CC-IMT was associated with systolic blood pressure, glucose, LDL cholesterol, abdominal circumference, age, and ferritin (p=0.048). Carotid plaques were independently associated with age, ferritin, glucose, and hypertension. Ferritin reflected iron stores and metabolic syndrome components, but not inflammation or liver damage. Hyperferritinemia was associated with increased vascular damage only in patients with HFE genotypes associated with hepcidin upregulation by iron stores (p<0.0001), and serum hepcidin-25 was independently associated with carotid plaques (p=0.05). CONCLUSION Ferritin levels, reflecting iron stores, are independent predictors of vascular damage in NAFLD. The mechanism may involve upregulation of hepcidin by increased iron stores in patients not carrying HFE mutations, and iron compartmentalization into macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Valenti
- Center for the Study of Metabolic and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Università degli Studi Milano, Internal Medicine 1B, Hospital Fondazione Policlinico MaRE IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
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Auinger A, Valenti L, Pfeuffer M, Helwig U, Herrmann J, Fracanzani AL, Dongiovanni P, Fargion S, Schrezenmeir J, Rubin D. A promoter polymorphism in the liver-specific fatty acid transport protein 5 is associated with features of the metabolic syndrome and steatosis. Horm Metab Res 2010; 42:854-9. [PMID: 20945272 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1267186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid transport protein 5 (FATP5) is exclusively expressed in the liver and is involved in hepatic lipid and bile metabolism. We investigated whether a variation in the FATP5 promoter (rs56225452) is associated with hepatic steatosis and further features of the metabolic syndrome. A total of 716 male subjects from the Metabolic Intervention Cohort Kiel (MICK) and 103 male subjects with histologically proved nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were genotyped for this FATP5 polymorphism rs56225452 and phenotyped for features of the metabolic syndrome. In the MICK cohort, ALT activities, postprandial insulin, and triglyceride concentrations were higher in subjects carrying the rare A-allele compared to GG homozygotes. Accordingly, the insulin sensitivity index determined after a mixed meal and standardized glucose load was lower in A-allele carriers. NAFLD cases carrying allele A were presented with also higher ALT activities. In NAFLD subjects, the association of BMI with the degree of steatosis and glucose concentration differed across FATP5 promoter polymorphism. The FATP5 promoter polymorphism rs56225452 is associated with higher ALT activity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in the general population. The impact of the BMI on the severity of steatosis in NAFLD cases seems to depend on the FATP5 polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Auinger
- Max Rubner-Institute, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Kiel, Germany.
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Dongiovanni P, Valenti L, Rametta R, Daly AK, Nobili V, Mozzi E, Leathart JBS, Pietrobattista A, Burt AD, Maggioni M, Fracanzani AL, Lattuada E, Zappa MA, Roviaro G, Marchesini G, Day CP, Fargion S. Genetic variants regulating insulin receptor signalling are associated with the severity of liver damage in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut 2010; 59:267-73. [PMID: 20176643 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2009.190801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of this study was to assess the effect of functional ENPP1(ectoenzyme nucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase 1)/PC-1 (plasma cell antigen-1) and IRS-1 (insulin receptor substrate-1) polymorphisms influencing insulin receptor activity on liver damage in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, whose progression is associated with the severity of insulin resistance. PATIENTS AND METHODS 702 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD from Italy and the UK, and 310 healthy controls. The Lys121Gln ENPP1/PC-1 and the Gly972Arg IRS-1 polymorphisms were evaluated by restriction analysis. Fibrosis was evaluated according to Kleiner. Insulin signalling activity was evaluated by measuring phosphoAKT levels by western blotting in a subset of obese non-diabetic patients. RESULTS The ENPP1 121Gln and IRS-1 972Arg polymorphisms were detected in 28.7% and 18.1% of patients and associated with increased body weight/dyslipidaemia and diabetes risk, respectively. The ENPP1 121Gln allele was significantly associated with increased prevalence of fibrosis stage >1 and >2, which was higher in subjects also positive for the 972Arg IRS-1 polymorphism. At multivariate analysis, the presence of the ENPP1 121Gln and IRS-1 972Arg polymorphisms was independently associated with fibrosis >1 (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.97; and OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.23, respectively). Both polymorphisms were associated with a marked reduction of approximately 70% of AKT activation status, reflecting insulin resistance and disease severity, in obese patients with NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS The ENPP1 121Gln and IRS-1 972Arg polymorphisms affecting insulin receptor activity predispose to liver damage and decrease hepatic insulin signalling in patients with NAFLD. Defective insulin signalling may play a causal role in the progression of liver damage in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dongiovanni
- Università degli Studi Milano, Policlinico MaRE IRCCS Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Valenti L, Guido M, Dongiovanni P, Cremonesi L, Fracanzani AL, Fargion S. Ferroportin-1 in the recurrence of hepatic iron overload after liver transplantation. Dig Liver Dis 2009; 41:e17-20. [PMID: 18337195 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2008.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic siderosis is frequent in patients with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic hepatitis and considered secondary to advanced liver disease when detected in the explanted liver of cirrhotic patients submitted to transplantation. Here, we document the early recurrence of hepatic iron overload starting from host Kupffer cells and later involving hepatocytes in an Italian male submitted to liver transplantation for HCV-related cirrhosis, whose hemosiderosis was interpreted as related to a primary defect of iron handling by monocytic cells due to decreased Ferroportin-1 expression. He was negative for HFE mutations, had normal liver function, did not drink alcohol and had no erythropoietic defect. He was positive for the (CGG)(8/9) and the IVS1 -24 G>C Ferroportin-1 polymorphisms, associated with non-parenchymal iron overload, and had decreased Ferroportin-1 expression in monocytes. In conclusion, this case report documents the recurrence of progressive liver siderosis, which recalls Ferroportin disease, associated with decreased Ferroportin-1 expression in host monocytes repopulating the donor liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Valenti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Preliminary clinical and experimental results suggest that iron can modify hepatocytes' insulin sensitivity by interfering with insulin receptor and intracellular insulin signalling. AIM To evaluate in vivo the influence of iron on insulin resistance and insulin release in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and in vitro the interaction between iron and insulin sensitivity by analysing the effect of iron manipulation on insulin receptor expression in hepatoblastoma HepG2 cell line. RESULTS Insulin resistance evaluated by homeostatis model assessment (HOMA)-insulin resistance significantly decreased after diet, and a further reduction was observed after phlebotomies. Iron depletion by desferrioxamine increased by twofold the 125I-insulin-specific binding, whereas iron addition reduced insulin binding, similarly to cells exposed to high glucose concentration. CONCLUSION Iron status affects insulin sensitivity by modulating the transcription and membrane expression/affinity of insulin receptor expression in hepatocytes and influencing insulin-dependent gene expression suggesting that increased insulin clearance and decreased insulin resistance may contribute to the positive effect of iron depletion in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fargion
- Dipartimento Medicina Interna, Ospedale Maggiore IRCCS, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Valenti L, Conte D, Piperno A, Dongiovanni P, Fracanzani AL, Fraquelli M, Vergani A, Gianni C, Carmagnola L, Fargion S. The mitochondrial superoxide dismutase A16V polymorphism in the cardiomyopathy associated with hereditary haemochromatosis. J Med Genet 2005; 41:946-50. [PMID: 15591282 PMCID: PMC1735653 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.019588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The A16V mitochondrial targeting sequence polymorphism influences the antioxidant activity of MnSOD, an enzyme involved in neutralising iron induced oxidative stress. Patients with hereditary haemochromatosis develop parenchymal iron overload, which may lead to cirrhosis, diabetes, hypogonadism, and heart disease. The objective of this study was to determine in patients with haemochromatosis whether the presence of the Val MnSOD allele, associated with reduced enzymatic activity, affects tissue damage, and in particular heart disease, as MnSOD knockout mice develop lethal cardiomyopathy. We studied 217 consecutive unrelated probands with haemochromatosis, and 212 healthy controls. MnSOD polymorphism was evaluated by restriction analysis. The frequency distribution of the polymorphism did not differ between patients and controls. Patients carrying the Val allele had higher prevalence of cardiomyopathy (A/A 4%, A/V 11%, V/V 30%, p = 0.0006) but not of cirrhosis, diabetes, or hypogonadism, independently of age, sex, alcohol misuse, diabetes, and iron overload (odds ratio 10.1 for V/V, p = 0.006). The frequency of the Val allele was higher in patients with cardiomyopathy (0.67 v 0.45, p = 0.003). The association was significant in both C282Y+/+ (p = 0.02), and in non-C282Y+/+ patients (p = 0.003), and for both dilated (p = 0.01) and non-dilated stage (p = 0.04) cardiomyopathy, but not for ischaemic heart disease. In patients with hereditary haemochromatosis, the MnSOD genotype affects the risk of cardiomyopathy related to iron overload and possibly to other known and unknown risk factors and could represent an iron toxicity modifier gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Valenti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico IRCCS, Università degli Studi, Pad Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
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Valenti L, Conte D, Piperno A, Dongiovanni P, Fracanzani AL, Fraquelli M, Vergani A, Gianni C, Carmagnola L, Fargion S. The mitochondrial superoxide dismutase A16V polymorphism in the cardiomyopathy associated with hereditary haemochromatosis. J Med Genet 2005. [PMID: 15591282 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.019588.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The A16V mitochondrial targeting sequence polymorphism influences the antioxidant activity of MnSOD, an enzyme involved in neutralising iron induced oxidative stress. Patients with hereditary haemochromatosis develop parenchymal iron overload, which may lead to cirrhosis, diabetes, hypogonadism, and heart disease. The objective of this study was to determine in patients with haemochromatosis whether the presence of the Val MnSOD allele, associated with reduced enzymatic activity, affects tissue damage, and in particular heart disease, as MnSOD knockout mice develop lethal cardiomyopathy. We studied 217 consecutive unrelated probands with haemochromatosis, and 212 healthy controls. MnSOD polymorphism was evaluated by restriction analysis. The frequency distribution of the polymorphism did not differ between patients and controls. Patients carrying the Val allele had higher prevalence of cardiomyopathy (A/A 4%, A/V 11%, V/V 30%, p = 0.0006) but not of cirrhosis, diabetes, or hypogonadism, independently of age, sex, alcohol misuse, diabetes, and iron overload (odds ratio 10.1 for V/V, p = 0.006). The frequency of the Val allele was higher in patients with cardiomyopathy (0.67 v 0.45, p = 0.003). The association was significant in both C282Y+/+ (p = 0.02), and in non-C282Y+/+ patients (p = 0.003), and for both dilated (p = 0.01) and non-dilated stage (p = 0.04) cardiomyopathy, but not for ischaemic heart disease. In patients with hereditary haemochromatosis, the MnSOD genotype affects the risk of cardiomyopathy related to iron overload and possibly to other known and unknown risk factors and could represent an iron toxicity modifier gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Valenti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico IRCCS, Università degli Studi, Pad Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
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Zavaroni I, Numeroso F, Dongiovanni P, Ardigò D, Valenti L, Fracanzani AL, Valtuena S, Delsignore R, Fargion S, Reaven GM. What is the contribution of differences in three measures of tumor necrosis factor-alpha activity to insulin resistance in healthy volunteers? Metabolism 2003; 52:1593-6. [PMID: 14669161 DOI: 10.1016/s0026-0495(03)00329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To address the potential role that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) might play in modulation of insulin resistance in healthy, nondiabetic individuals, we compared plasma TNF-alpha and soluble TNF-alpha receptor 2 (sTNF-R2) concentrations, as well as TNF-alpha polymorphisms, in 94 healthy individuals, stratified into insulin-resistant (IR) and insulin-sensitive (IS) groups based on their plasma insulin concentrations 120 minutes after oral glucose on 2 occasions (1993 and 2000). The IR group (n = 50; 29 men and 21 women) was in the upper quartile and the IS group (n = 44; 24 men and 20 women) in the lowest quartile of the distribution of post-glucose challenge insulin concentrations in a large unselected population (>50 v <23 microU/mL). The IR group had significantly higher values for body mass index, waist-to-hip girth, fasting and post-glucose challenge insulin concentrations, and fasting triglyceride concentrations, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations as compared to the IS group. Despite the fact that they were relatively more obese, and insulin-resistant, plasma concentrations of TNF-alpha were similar in the IR (1.6 +/- 0.6 pg/mL) and IS (1.7 +/- 0.6 pg/mL) groups, as were the concentrations (5.4 +/- 1.4 v 5.8 +/- 2.0 pg/mL) of sTNF-R2. Furthermore, TNF-alpha polymorphisms (detected by polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) were similar in the 2 groups, with essentially identical allelic frequencies of the 238 (10.3% v 9.4%) and 308 polymorphisms (17.9% v 18.7%). In conclusion, plasma TNF-alpha and sTNF-R2 concentrations, as well as TNF-alpha gene polymorphisms, were not different in healthy volunteers stratified into IR and IS groups on the basis of their plasma insulin response to an oral glucose challenge. Given these data, it does not appear that differences in TNF-alpha activity contribute to the marked variations in insulin action that occur in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Zavaroni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Parma University, Italy
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Dongiovanni P, Valenti L, Fracanzani AL, Cappellini MD, Fargion S, Taioli E. TNFalpha promoter polymorphisms in Italian patients with porphyria cutanea tarda. Dig Liver Dis 2003; 35:596-7. [PMID: 14567466 DOI: 10.1016/s1590-8658(03)00276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Valenti L, Dongiovanni P, Fracanzani AL, Santorelli G, Fatta E, Bertelli C, Taioli E, Fiorelli G, Fargion S. Increased susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in heterozygotes for the mutation responsible for hereditary hemochromatosis. Dig Liver Dis 2003; 35:172-8. [PMID: 12779071 DOI: 10.1016/s1590-8658(03)00025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance is a key feature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Patients with hereditary hemochromatosis, a disease characterized by progressive iron overload due, in most cases, to homozygosity for C282Y mutation in the HFE gene, have often decreased insulin sensitivity and release. AIMS To determine whether increased iron parameters/heterozygosity for the mutations of the HFE gene confer susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. PATIENTS One hundred and thirty-four consecutive Italian patients with clinical and ultrasonographic diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (82 with hyperferritinemia), half confirmed by liver biopsy. METHODS Insulin was determined by radioimmunoassay. HFE gene mutations were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS (1) Prevalence of C282Y HFE mutation was significantly higher in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease compared to controls, the difference being more striking in patients with hyperferritinemia than in those without. (2) The presence of mild iron overload was associated with a lower insulin release. (3) Carriers of C282Y mutation developed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease despite lower body mass index and triglycerides. CONCLUSION The mild iron overload associated with heterozygosity for C282Y HFE mutation confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, causing relative insulin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Valenti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Maggiore IRCCS, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Fargion S, Valenti L, Dongiovanni P, Scaccabarozzi A, Fracanzani AL, Taioli E, Mattioli M, Sampietro M, Fiorelli G. Tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter polymorphisms influence the phenotypic expression of hereditary hemochromatosis. Blood 2001; 97:3707-12. [PMID: 11389006 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.12.3707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe iron overload usually develops in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC), but variability in the phenotypic expression of the disease has been reported. This study assessed whether tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) plays a role in phenotypic expression of HHC. Sixty-four patients with HHC and 172 healthy volunteers (controls) were studied. Release of TNF-alpha from stimulated peripheral blood monocytes was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and 308 and 238 TNF-alpha polymorphisms were detected with polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis. The relation between TNF-alpha polymorphisms and clinical expression of HHC was evaluated. Patients with HHC released less TNF-alpha than controls, but the difference was significant only in homozygotes for the C282Y mutation. The prevalence of the 308 TNF-alpha polymorphism was similar in patients and controls, whereas the prevalence of the 238 polymorphic allele was significantly lower in patients (3% versus 16%; P =.002). A lower prevalence of cirrhosis was observed in patients with TNF-alpha polymorphism than in those without it (4 of 15 [27%] versus 28 of 49 [57%]), but the difference was not significant (P =.07). In nonhomozygotes for the C282Y mutation, severe liver siderosis was less prevalent in patients with the 308 polymorphism than in those without it (P =.05). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values were significantly lower in patients with TNF-alpha polymorphism (P =.006), even when patients with other hepatotoxic factors were excluded. Multivariate analysis showed that TNF-alpha polymorphism was independently associated with ALT values (P =.0008 and P =.045, respectively, in homozygotes and nonhomozygotes for the C282Y mutation) and siderosis in nonhomozygotes (P =.047). Thus, TNF-alpha appears to play a role in HHC by modulating the severity of liver damage. (Blood. 2001;97:3707-3712)
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fargion
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università di Milano, Ospedale Maggiore IRCCS, Pad Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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Scaccabarozzi A, Arosio P, Weiss G, Valenti L, Dongiovanni P, Fracanzani AL, Mattioli M, Levi S, Fiorelli G, Fargion S. Relationship between TNF-alpha and iron metabolism in differentiating human monocytic THP-1 cells. Br J Haematol 2000; 110:978-84. [PMID: 11054092 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The human monocytic cell line THP-1 differentiates along the macrophage line after phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) supplementation and can be stimulated to secrete tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) addition. We found that, in the early stage of differentiation (1-48 h), PMA induction elicited an upregulation of intracellular H ferritin and H ferritin binding sites and a downregulation of transferrin receptor. In addition, we found that iron administration to PMA-differentiating cells induced the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and TNF-alpha secretion to levels even higher than those induced by IFN-gamma alone. The iron chelator desferrioxamine showed the opposite effect and reduced TNF-alpha release. In contrast, preincubation of the cells with iron before PMA induction resulted in a decrease of the TNF-alpha secretion induced by IFN-gamma, whereas the opposite was true after preincubation with desferrioxamine. The data support a co-ordinate interaction between iron and TNF-alpha in monocyte macrophages, with an iron-mediated upregulation of TNF-alpha in the early phase of differentiation and an iron-mediated inhibition at later stages. This complex relationship has to be considered in evaluating the effects of iron on inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scaccabarozzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maggiore Hospital, IRCCS, University of Milan, Italy
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