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Wang M, Yao SQ, Huang Y, Liang JJ, Xu Y, Chen S, Wang Y, Ng TK, Chu WK, Cui Q, Cen LP. Casein kinase-2 inhibition promotes retinal ganglion cell survival after acute intraocular pressure elevation. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1112-1118. [PMID: 37862216 PMCID: PMC10749609 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraocular pressure elevation can induce retinal ganglion cell death and is a clinically reversible risk factor for glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness. We previously demonstrated that casein kinase-2 inhibition can promote retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal regeneration in rats after optic nerve injury. To investigate the underlying mechanism, in the current study we increased the intraocular pressure of adult rats to 75 mmHg for 2 hours and then administered a casein kinase-2 inhibitor (4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole or 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole) by intravitreal injection. We found that intravitreal injection of 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole or 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole promoted retinal ganglion cell survival and reduced the number of infiltrating macrophages. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway was involved in the response to intraocular pressure elevation but was not modulated by the casein kinase-2 inhibitors. Furthermore, casein kinase-2 inhibition downregulated the expression of genes (Cck, Htrsa, Nef1, Htrlb, Prph, Chat, Slc18a3, Slc5a7, Scn1b, Crybb2, Tsga10ip, and Vstm21) involved in intraocular pressure elevation. Our data indicate that inhibition of casein kinase-2 can enhance retinal ganglion cell survival in rats after acute intraocular pressure elevation via macrophage inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Qi Yao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shaowan Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Qi Cui
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ling-Ping Cen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
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Li X, Yang Q, Jiang P, Wen J, Chen Y, Huang J, Tian M, Ren J, Yang Q. Inhibition of CK2 Diminishes Fibrotic Scar Formation and Improves Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke via Reducing BRD4 Phosphorylation. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1254-1267. [PMID: 38381246 PMCID: PMC10991067 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Fibrotic scars play important roles in tissue reconstruction and functional recovery in the late stage of nervous system injury. However, the mechanisms underlying fibrotic scar formation and regulation remain unclear. Casein kinase II (CK2) is a protein kinase that regulates a variety of cellular functions through the phosphorylation of proteins, including bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4). CK2 and BRD4 participate in fibrosis formation in a variety of tissues. However, whether CK2 affects fibrotic scar formation remains unclear, as do the mechanisms of signal regulation after cerebral ischemic injury. In this study, we assessed whether CK2 could modulate fibrotic scar formation after cerebral ischemic injury through BRD4. Primary meningeal fibroblasts were isolated from neonatal rats and treated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), SB431542 (a TGF-β1 receptor kinase inhibitor) or TBB (a highly potent CK2 inhibitor). Adult SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with TBB to inhibit CK2 after MCAO/R. We found that CK2 expression was increased in vitro in the TGF-β1-induced fibrosis model and in vivo in the MCAO/R injury model. The TGF-β1 receptor kinase inhibitor SB431542 decreased CK2 expression in fibroblasts. The CK2 inhibitor TBB reduced the increases in proliferation, migration and activation of fibroblasts caused by TGF-β1 in vitro, and it inhibited fibrotic scar formation, ameliorated histopathological damage, protected Nissl bodies, decreased infarct volume and alleviated neurological deficits after MCAO/R injury in vivo. Furthermore, CK2 inhibition decreased BRD4 phosphorylation both in vitro and in vivo. The findings of the present study suggested that CK2 may control BRD4 phosphorylation to regulate fibrotic scar formation, to affecting outcomes after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Peiran Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiagui Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mingfen Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiangxia Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Choi Y, Yu SR, Lee Y, Na AY, Lee S, Heitman J, Seo R, Lee HS, Lee JS, Bahn YS. Casein kinase 2 complex: a central regulator of multiple pathobiological signaling pathways in Cryptococcus neoformans. mBio 2024; 15:e0327523. [PMID: 38193728 PMCID: PMC10865844 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03275-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The casein kinase 2 (CK2) complex has garnered extensive attention over the past decades as a potential therapeutic target for diverse human diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and obesity, due to its pivotal roles in eukaryotic growth, differentiation, and metabolic homeostasis. While CK2 is also considered a promising antifungal target, its role in fungal pathogens remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated the functions and regulatory mechanisms of the CK2 complex in Cryptococcus neoformans, a major cause of fungal meningitis. The cryptococcal CK2 complex consists of a single catalytic subunit, Cka1, and two regulatory subunits, Ckb1 and Ckb2. Our findings show that Cka1 plays a primary role as a protein kinase, while Ckb1 and Ckb2 have major and minor regulatory functions, respectively, in growth, cell cycle control, morphogenesis, stress response, antifungal drug resistance, and virulence factor production. Interestingly, triple mutants lacking all three subunits (cka1Δ ckb1Δ ckb2Δ) exhibited more severe phenotypic defects than the cka1Δ mutant alone, suggesting that Ckb1/2 may have Cka1-independent functions. In a murine model of systemic cryptococcosis, cka1Δ and cka1Δ ckb1Δ ckb2Δ mutants showed severely reduced virulence. Transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analyses further revealed that the CK2 complex controls a wide array of effector proteins involved in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control, nutrient metabolisms, and stress responses. Most notably, CK2 disruption led to dysregulation of key signaling cascades central to C. neoformans pathogenicity, including the Hog1, Mpk1 MAPKs, cAMP/PKA, and calcium/calcineurin signaling pathways. In summary, our study provides novel insights into the multifaceted roles of the fungal CK2 complex and presents a compelling case for targeting it in the development of new antifungal drugs.IMPORTANCEThe casein kinase 2 (CK2) complex, crucial for eukaryotic growth, differentiation, and metabolic regulation, presents a promising therapeutic target for various human diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and obesity. Its potential as an antifungal target is further highlighted in this study, which explores CK2's functions in C. neoformans, a key fungal meningitis pathogen. The CK2 complex in C. neoformans, comprising the Cka1 catalytic subunit and Ckb1/2 regulatory subunits, is integral to processes like growth, cell cycle, morphogenesis, stress response, drug resistance, and virulence. Our findings of CK2's role in regulating critical signaling pathways, including Hog1, Mpk1 MAPKs, cAMP/PKA, and calcium/calcineurin, underscore its importance in C. neoformans pathogenicity. This study provides valuable insights into the fungal CK2 complex, reinforcing its potential as a target for novel antifungal drug development and pointing out a promising direction for creating new antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeseul Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ryong Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ann-Yae Na
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ran Seo
- AmtixBio Co., Ltd., Hanam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Han-Seung Lee
- AmtixBio Co., Ltd., Hanam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | | | - Yong-Sun Bahn
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Wang X, Han X, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang P, Zhao Z, Qin H, Jing C, Liang C. Extraction of honokiol from Artemisia argyi and in vitro and in vivo investigation of its antifungal activity. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:651-656. [PMID: 35506313 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2071887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from plants used in Chinese medicine can be good sources of fungicides for agricultural applications. In this study, we separated and identified antifungal compounds from four traditional Chinese medicine extracts and evaluated their antifungal activities in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, honokiol extracted from Artemisia argyi showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial and mycelial inhibitory activity with EC50 in the range 3.56 - 33.85 μg/mL against eight plant pathogens. q-PCR indicated that honokiol might induce cell cancerisation and inhibit cellular respiration, which provided significant insights into honokiol function in tobacco resistance to molecular mechanisms of the phytopathogenic fungus Phytophthora nicotianae. In vivo, honokiol significantly decreased the rate of fungal infection in eggplants, potatoes, grapes, cherry tomatoes, and cucumbers, and enhanced disease resistance in tobacco. Overall, our results indicate that honokiol has the potential to control a variety of fungal and oomycete diseases, and A. argyi could be a source of honokiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Wang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaobin Han
- Zunyi Branch, Guizhou Tobacco Company, Zunyi, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Technology Center of Qingdao Customs, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaobin Wang
- Qingdao Branch, Shandong Qingdao Tobacco Co., Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Qingdao Branch, Shandong Qingdao Tobacco Co., Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhongli Zhao
- Qingdao Branch, Shandong Qingdao Tobacco Co., Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Huimin Qin
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Changliang Jing
- Ocean Agricultural Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Filhol O, Hesse AM, Bouin AP, Albigès-Rizo C, Jeanneret F, Battail C, Pflieger D, Cochet C. CK2β Is a Gatekeeper of Focal Adhesions Regulating Cell Spreading. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:900947. [PMID: 35847979 PMCID: PMC9280835 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.900947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CK2 is a hetero-tetrameric serine/threonine protein kinase made up of two CK2α/αʹ catalytic subunits and two CK2β regulatory subunits. The free CK2α subunit and the tetrameric holoenzyme have distinct substrate specificity profiles, suggesting that the spatiotemporal organization of the individual CK2 subunits observed in living cells is crucial in the control of the many cellular processes that are governed by this pleiotropic kinase. Indeed, previous studies reported that the unbalanced expression of CK2 subunits is sufficient to drive epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process involved in cancer invasion and metastasis. Moreover, sub-stoichiometric expression of CK2β compared to CK2α in a subset of breast cancer tumors was correlated with the induction of EMT markers and increased epithelial cell plasticity in breast carcinoma progression. Phenotypic changes of epithelial cells are often associated with the activation of phosphotyrosine signaling. Herein, using phosphotyrosine enrichment coupled with affinity capture and proteomic analysis, we show that decreased expression of CK2β in MCF10A mammary epithelial cells triggers the phosphorylation of a number of proteins on tyrosine residues and promotes the striking activation of the FAK1-Src-PAX1 signaling pathway. Moreover, morphometric analyses also reveal that CK2β loss increases the number and the spatial distribution of focal adhesion signaling complexes that coordinate the adhesive and migratory processes. Together, our findings allow positioning CK2β as a gatekeeper for cell spreading by restraining focal adhesion formation and invasion of mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Filhol
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR Biosanté, U1292, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Marie Hesse
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR Biosanté U1292, CNRS FR 2048, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Pascale Bouin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Albigès-Rizo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France
| | - Florian Jeanneret
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR Biosanté, U1292, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Battail
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR Biosanté, U1292, Grenoble, France
| | - Delphine Pflieger
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR Biosanté U1292, CNRS FR 2048, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Claude Cochet, ; Delphine Pflieger,
| | - Claude Cochet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR Biosanté, U1292, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Claude Cochet, ; Delphine Pflieger,
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Hussein UK, Ahmed AG, Song Y, Kim KM, Moon YJ, Ahn AR, Park HS, Ahn SJ, Park SH, Kim JR, Jang KY. CK2α/CSNK2A1 Induces Resistance to Doxorubicin through SIRT6-Mediated Activation of the DNA Damage Repair Pathway. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071770. [PMID: 34359939 PMCID: PMC8303481 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CK2α/CSNK2A1 is involved in cancer progression by phosphorylating various signaling molecules. Considering the role of CSNK2A1 in cancer progression and the phosphorylation of SIRT6 and the role of SIRT6 in chemoresistance through the DNA damage repair pathway, CSNK2A1 and SIRT6 might be involved in resistance to conventional anti-cancer therapies. We evaluated the expression of CSNK2A1 and phosphorylated SIRT6 in the 37 osteosarcoma patients and investigated the effects of CSNK2A1 and the phosphorylation of SIRT6 on Ser338 on resistance to the anti-cancer effects of doxorubicin. Higher expression of CSNK2A1 and phosphorylated SIRT6 was associated with shorter survival in osteosarcoma patients. U2OS and KHOS/NP osteosarcoma cells with induced overexpression of CSNK2A1 were resistant to the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin, and the knock-down of CSNK2A1 potentiated the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin. CSNK2A1 overexpression-mediated resistance to doxorubicin was associated with SIRT6 phosphorylation and the induction of the DNA damage repair pathway molecules. CSNK2A1- and SIRT6-mediated resistance to doxorubicin in vivo was attenuated via mutation of SIRT6 at the Ser338 phosphorylation site. Emodin, a CSNK2A1 inhibitor, potentiated the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin in osteosarcoma cells. This study suggests that blocking the CSNK2A1-SIRT6-DNA damage repair pathway might be a new therapeutic stratagem for osteosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Khamis Hussein
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (U.K.H.); (A.G.A.); (K.M.K.); (A.-R.A.); (H.S.P.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
- Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Gamal Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (U.K.H.); (A.G.A.); (K.M.K.); (A.-R.A.); (H.S.P.)
- Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Yiping Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (U.K.H.); (A.G.A.); (K.M.K.); (A.-R.A.); (H.S.P.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Young Jae Moon
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
| | - Ae-Ri Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (U.K.H.); (A.G.A.); (K.M.K.); (A.-R.A.); (H.S.P.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Ho Sung Park
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (U.K.H.); (A.G.A.); (K.M.K.); (A.-R.A.); (H.S.P.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Su Jin Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-H.P.); (J.R.K.); (K.Y.J.)
| | - Jung Ryul Kim
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.-H.P.); (J.R.K.); (K.Y.J.)
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (U.K.H.); (A.G.A.); (K.M.K.); (A.-R.A.); (H.S.P.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.-H.P.); (J.R.K.); (K.Y.J.)
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Han Y, Zhao Y, Wang H, Zhang Y, Ding Q, Ma L. Identification of ceRNA and candidate genes related to fertility conversion of TCMS line YS3038 in wheat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:190-207. [PMID: 33214039 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that noncoding RNAs are important factors in gene functions. To explore the mechanism of male sterility of YS3038, the sterile genes were mapped, and based on previous work, the expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and their target genes was studied. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) analysis were further performed for differentially expressed noncoding RNAs and target genes. At last, the candidate genes were silenced by barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing (BSMV-VIGS) to prove their function. The sterile genes were mapped on chromosomes 1B and 6B based on chip mix pool analysis, and one major effect QTL (27.3190% variation) was found based on SSR primers. The WGCNA analysis revealed that the dark turquoise and steel blue modules were highly correlated with anther development and fertility conversion, respectively. The ceRNA analysis showed that a total of 184 RNAs interacted with each other, including 115 mRNAs, 55 microRNAs (miRNAs), eight circRNAs, and six lncRNAs. Finally, the seed setting rate of the plant was significantly decreased after fatty acyl-CoA reductase 5 silencing. This study provides breeders with a new option for the development of thermosensitive cytoplasmic male-sterile (TCMS) wheat lines, which will favor the sustainable development of two-line hybrid wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Han
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hairong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yiyang Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qin Ding
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Lingjian Ma
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Cellular Prion Protein (PrPc): Putative Interacting Partners and Consequences of the Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197058. [PMID: 32992764 PMCID: PMC7583789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular prion protein (PrPc) is a small glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored protein most abundantly found in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM) in the central nervous system (CNS). PrPc misfolding causes neurodegenerative prion diseases in the CNS. PrPc interacts with a wide range of protein partners because of the intrinsically disordered nature of the protein’s N-terminus. Numerous studies have attempted to decipher the physiological role of the prion protein by searching for proteins which interact with PrPc. Biochemical characteristics and biological functions both appear to be affected by interacting protein partners. The key challenge in identifying a potential interacting partner is to demonstrate that binding to a specific ligand is necessary for cellular physiological function or malfunction. In this review, we have summarized the intracellular and extracellular interacting partners of PrPc and potential consequences of their binding. We also briefly describe prion disease-related mutations at the end of this review.
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Oramas-Royo S, Haidar S, Amesty Á, Martín-Acosta P, Feresin G, Tapia A, Aichele D, Jose J, Estévez-Braun A. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new embelin derivatives as CK2 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 95:103520. [PMID: 31887475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new series of furan embelin derivatives was synthesized and characterized as ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitors. The new compounds were efficiently synthesized using a multicomponent approach from embelin (1), aldehydes and isonitriles through a Knoevenagel condensation/Michael addition/heterocyclization. Several compounds with inhibitory activities in the low micromolar or even submicromolar were identified. The most active derivative was compound 4l (2-(tert-butylamino)-3-(furan-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-6-undecylbenzofuran-4,7-dione) with an IC50 value of 0.63 μM. It turned out to be an ATP competitive CK2 inhibitor with a Ki value determined to be 0.48 μM. Docking studies allowed the identification of key ligand-CK2 interactions, which could help to further optimize this family of compounds as CK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Oramas-Royo
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez N° 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Samer Haidar
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, PharmaCampus, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany; Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, 17 April Street, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ángel Amesty
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez N° 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pedro Martín-Acosta
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez N° 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Gabriela Feresin
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), CP 5400 San Juan, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Tapia
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), CP 5400 San Juan, Argentina
| | - Dagmar Aichele
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, PharmaCampus, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, PharmaCampus, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ana Estévez-Braun
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez N° 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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10
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Pourbasheer E, Aalizadeh R, Ganjali MR. QSAR study of CK2 inhibitors by GA-MLR and GA-SVM methods. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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11
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Soslau G. Extracellular adenine compounds within the cardiovascular system: Their source, metabolism and function. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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12
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D'Amore C, Salizzato V, Borgo C, Cesaro L, Pinna LA, Salvi M. A Journey through the Cytoskeleton with Protein Kinase CK2. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:547-562. [PMID: 30659536 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190119124846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Substrate pleiotropicity, a very acidic phosphorylation consensus sequence, and an apparent uncontrolled activity, are the main features of CK2, a Ser/Thr protein kinase that is required for a plethora of cell functions. Not surprisingly, CK2 appears to affect cytoskeletal structures and correlated functions such as cell shape, mechanical integrity, cell movement and division. This review outlines our current knowledge of how CK2 regulates cytoskeletal structures, and discusses involved pathways and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio D'Amore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Salizzato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy
| | - Christian Borgo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Cesaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo A Pinna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Salvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy
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13
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Lian H, Su M, Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Soomro SH, Fu H. Protein Kinase CK2, a Potential Therapeutic Target in Carcinoma Management. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:23-32. [PMID: 30677865 PMCID: PMC6485562 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Protein kinase CK2 (formerly known as casein kinase 2) is a highly conserved serine/ threonine kinase
overexpressed in various human carcinomas and its high expression often correlates with poor prognosis. CK2 protein
is localized in the nucleus of many tumor cells and correlates with clinical features in many cases. Increased expression
of CK2 in mice results in the development of various types of carcinomas (both solids and blood related tumors, such
as (breast carcinoma, lymphoma, etc), which reveals its carcinogenic properties. CK2 plays essential roles in many key
biological processes related to carcinoma, including cell apoptosis, DNA damage responses and cell cycle regulation.
CK2 has become a potential anti-carcinoma target. Various CK2 inhibitors have been developed with anti-neoplastic
properties against a variety of carcinomas. Some CK2 inhibitors have showed good results in in vitro and pre-clinical
models, and have even entered in clinical trials. This article will review effects of CK2 and its inhibitors on common
carcinomas in in vitro and pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Lian
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R, China.
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14
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Cen LP, Liu YF, Ng TK, Luo JM, van Rooijen N, Zhang M, Pang CP, Cui Q. Casein kinase-II inhibition promotes retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal regeneration. Exp Eye Res 2018; 177:153-159. [PMID: 30118655 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuron survival is critical for the maintenance of central nervous system physiology upon diseases or injury. We previously demonstrated that the blockage of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and Janus kinase/STAT3 pathways promotes retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and axonal regeneration via macrophage activation; yet, the complexity of the inflammatory regulation for neural repair indicates the involvement of additional unresolved signaling pathways. Here we report the effects and underlying mechanism of casein kinase-II (CK2) inhibition on RGC survival and axonal regeneration in rats after optic nerve (ON) injury. Adult rats received intravitreal injection of CK2 inhibitors, TBB (4,5,6,7-Tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole) and DMAT (2-Dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole), after ON transection and peripheral nerve (PN) grafting. Intravitreal application of TBB and DAMT effectively suppressed the CK2 phosphorylation activity in the retina, and enhanced RGC survival and axonal regeneration in vivo. Meanwhile, the numbers of infiltrating macrophages were increased. Removal of macrophages by clodronate liposomes significantly abolished the CK2 inhibition-induced RGC survival and axonal regeneration. Clodronate liposomes also weakened the RGC protective effects by TBB and DMAT in vitro. In summary, this study revealed that inhibition of CK2 enhances RGC survival and axonal regeneration via macrophage activation in rats. CK2 could be a therapeutic target for RGC protection after ON injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ping Cen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Yu-Fen Liu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Min Luo
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nico van Rooijen
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qi Cui
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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15
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Perea SE, Baladrón I, Valenzuela C, Perera Y. CIGB-300: A peptide-based drug that impairs the Protein Kinase CK2-mediated phosphorylation. Semin Oncol 2018; 45:58-67. [PMID: 30318085 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2, formerly referred to as casein kinase II, is a serine/threonine kinase often found overexpressed in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies that phosphorylates many substrates integral to the hallmarks of cancer. CK2 has emerged as a viable oncology target having been experimentally validated with different kinase inhibitors, including small molecule ATP-competitors, synthetic peptides, and antisense oligonucleotides. To date only two CK2 inhibitors, CIGB-300 and CX-4945, have entered the clinic in phase 1-2 trials. This review provides information on CIGB-300, a cell-permeable cyclic peptide that inhibits CK2-mediated phosphorylation by targeting the substrate phosphoacceptor domain. We review data that support the concept of CK2 as an anticancer target, address the mechanism of action, and summarize preclinical studies showing antiangiogenic and antimetastatic effects as well as synergism with anticancer drugs in preclinical models. We also summarize early clinical research (phase 1/2 trials) of CIGB-300 in cervical cancer, including data in combination with chemoradiotherapy. The clinical data demonstrate the safety, tolerability, and clinical effects of intratumoral injections of CIGB-300 and provide the foundation for future phase 3 clinical trials in locally advanced cervical cancer in combination with standard chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio E Perea
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Area, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Idania Baladrón
- Clinical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Carmen Valenzuela
- Clinical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yasser Perera
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Area, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
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16
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Karpov PA, Blume YB. Is Casein Kinase 2 Able to Phosphorylate Plant α-Tubulin? CYTOL GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452718020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Boscán BE, Uzcanga GL, Calabokis M, Camargo R, Aponte F, Bubis J. Interaction of tubulin and protein kinase CK2 in Trypanosoma equiperdum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 72:459-465. [PMID: 28672764 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2017-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A polypeptide band with an apparent molecular weight of 55,000 was phosphorylated in vitro in whole-cell lysates of Trypanosoma equiperdum. This band corresponds to tubulin as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation of the phosphorylated polypeptide from T. equiperdum extracts when anti-α and anti-β tubulin monoclonal antibodies were employed. A parasite protein kinase CK2 was in charge of modifying tubulin given that common mammalian CK2 inhibitors such as emodin and GTP, hindered the phosphorylation of tubulin and exogenously added casein. Interestingly, a divalent cation-dependent translocation of the T. equiperdum tubulin and the CK2 responsible for its phosphorylation was noticed, suggesting a direct interaction between these two proteins. Additionally, this fraction of tubulin and its kinase coeluted using separations based on parameters as different as charge (DEAE-Sepharose anion-exchange chromatography) and size (Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration chromatography). Analyses by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblot of the purified and radioactively labeled fraction containing both tubulin and the CK2 enzyme, established the phosphorylation of a single band that was recognized by anti-CK2 α-subunit and anti-tubulin antibodies. All these findings revealed a physical association between a pool of tubulin and a CK2 in T. equiperdum.
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18
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CK2β regulates thrombopoiesis and Ca2+-triggered platelet activation in arterial thrombosis. Blood 2017; 130:2774-2785. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-784413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
CK2β is critically required for thrombopoiesis by regulating tubulin polymerization, MK fragmentation, and proplatelet formation. CK2β facilitates inositol triphosphate–mediated increase of cytosolic Ca2+ and is essential for platelet activation in arterial thrombosis in vivo.
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19
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20
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Chua MMJ, Lee M, Dominguez I. Cancer-type dependent expression of CK2 transcripts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188854. [PMID: 29206231 PMCID: PMC5714396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A multitude of proteins are aberrantly expressed in cancer cells, including the oncogenic serine-threonine kinase CK2. In a previous report, we found increases in CK2 transcript expression that could explain the increased CK2 protein levels found in tumors from lung and bronchus, prostate, breast, colon and rectum, ovarian and pancreatic cancers. We also found that, contrary to the current notions about CK2, some CK2 transcripts were downregulated in several cancers. Here, we investigate all other cancers using Oncomine to determine whether they also display significant CK2 transcript dysregulation. As anticipated from our previous analysis, we found cancers with all CK2 transcripts upregulated (e.g. cervical), and cancers where there was a combination of upregulation and/or downregulation of the CK2 transcripts (e.g. sarcoma). Unexpectedly, we found some cancers with significant downregulation of all CK2 transcripts (e.g. testicular cancer). We also found that, in some cases, CK2 transcript levels were already dysregulated in benign lesions (e.g. Barrett’s esophagus). We also found that CK2 transcript upregulation correlated with lower patient survival in most cases where data was significant. However, there were two cancer types, glioblastoma and renal cell carcinoma, where CK2 transcript upregulation correlated with higher survival. Overall, these data show that the expression levels of CK2 genes is highly variable in cancers and can lead to different patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. J. Chua
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Migi Lee
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Isabel Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Baier A, Nazaruk J, Galicka A, Szyszka R. Inhibitory influence of natural flavonoids on human protein kinase CK2 isoforms: effect of the regulatory subunit. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 444:35-42. [PMID: 29188536 PMCID: PMC6002439 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3228-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CK2 is a pleiotropic, constitutively active protein kinase responsible for the phosphorylation of more than 300 physiological substrates. Typically, this enzyme is found in tetrameric form consisting of two regulatory subunits CK2β and two catalytic subunits CK2α or CK2α′. Several natural occurring flavonoids were tested for their ability to inhibit both CK2 holoenzymes, CK2α2β2 and CK2α′2β2. We identified few substances selectively inhibiting only the α′ subunit. Other compounds showed similar effect towards all four isoforms. In some cases, like chrysoeriol, pedalitin, apigenin, and luteolin, the α2β2 holoenzyme was at least six times better inhibited than the free α subunit. Otherwise, we have found a luteolin derivative decreased the kinase activity of CK2α′ with an IC50 value of 0.8 μM, but the holoenzyme only with 9.5 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baier
- Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynow 1i, 20-708, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Nazaruk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-089, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Galicka
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-089, Białystok, Poland
| | - Ryszard Szyszka
- Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynow 1i, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
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22
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Burgon PG, Megeney LA. Caspase signaling, a conserved inductive cue for metazoan cell differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 82:96-104. [PMID: 29129746 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Caspase signaling pathways were originally discovered as conveyors of programmed cell death, yet a compendium of research over the past two decades have demonstrated that these same conduits have a plethora of physiologic functions. Arguably the most extensive non-death activity that has been attributed to this protease clade is the capacity to induce cell differentiation. Caspase control of differentiation is conserved across diverse metazoan organisms from flies to humans, suggesting an ancient origin for this form of cell fate control. Here we discuss the mechanisms by which caspase enzymes manage differentiation, the targeted substrates that may be common across cell lineages, and the countervailing signals that may be essential for these proteases to 'execute' this non-death cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Burgon
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lynn A Megeney
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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23
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De Lima AR, Noris-Suárez K, Bretaña A, Contreras VT, Navarro MC, Pérez-Ybarra L, Bubis J. Growth arrest and morphological changes triggered by emodin on Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes cultivated in axenic medium. Biochimie 2017; 142:31-40. [PMID: 28803999 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emodin is an anthraquinone obtained from Rheum palmatum rootstocks. Here we tested the cytotoxic effects of emodin on Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes, as well as the morphological changes that were induced by this compound in the parasite. Emodin was permeable and blocked in vitro cell division of T. cruzi epimastigotes in axenic medium, causing growth arrest in a dose-dependent but reversible manner. Emodin-exposed epimastigotes underwent duplication of organelles, such as the nucleus, kinetoplast and flagellum, but were incapable of completing cytokinesis. Neither elongation of the parasite body nor appearance of the regular longitudinal cleavage furrow was displayed, suggesting that emodin is most likely affecting components of the parasite cytoskeleton. Moreover, drug-treated parasites acquired alterations such as protuberances, folds and indentations on their membrane surface. Since emodin has been shown to be a potent protein kinase CK2 inhibitor, and we have previously described an association between tubulin and CK2 in T. cruzi epimastigotes (De Lima et al. Parasitology132, 511-523, 2006), we also measured the indirect effect of the drug on tubulin. Incubation of epimastigotes with axenic medium containing emodin hindered the endogenous phosphorylation of tubulin in whole-cell parasite extracts. All our results suggested that the parasite CK2 may be important for the maintenance of the morphology and for the regulation of mitosis-cytokinesis transition in T. cruzi epimastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R De Lima
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela; Laboratorio de Protozoología, Instituto BioMolP, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela.
| | - Karem Noris-Suárez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela.
| | - Antonio Bretaña
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Centro de Estudios Biomédicos y Veterinarios, Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos IDECYT, Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez, Caracas, Venezuela.
| | - Victor T Contreras
- Laboratorio de Protozoología, Instituto BioMolP, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela.
| | - Maria C Navarro
- Laboratorio de Protozoología, Instituto BioMolP, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela.
| | - Luis Pérez-Ybarra
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Escuela de Bioanálisis, Universidad de Carabobo, Sede Aragua, Maracay, Venezuela.
| | - José Bubis
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela.
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Leal-Egaña A, Letort G, Martiel JL, Christ A, Vignaud T, Roelants C, Filhol O, Théry M. The size-speed-force relationship governs migratory cell response to tumorigenic factors. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1612-1621. [PMID: 28428257 PMCID: PMC5469605 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-10-0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal and transformed motile cells follow a common trend in which size and contractile forces are negatively correlated with cell speed. However, tumorigenic factors amplify the preexisting population heterogeneity and lead some cells to exhibit biomechanical properties that are more extreme than those observed with normal cells. Tumor development progresses through a complex path of biomechanical changes leading first to cell growth and contraction and then cell deadhesion, scattering, and invasion. Tumorigenic factors may act specifically on one of these steps or have a wider spectrum of actions, leading to a variety of effects and thus sometimes to apparent contradictory outcomes. Here we used micropatterned lines of collagen type I/fibronectin on deformable surfaces to standardize cell behavior and measure simultaneously cell size, speed of motion and magnitude of the associated traction forces at the level of a single cell. We analyzed and compared the normal human breast cell line MCF10A in control conditions and in response to various tumorigenic factors. In all conditions, a wide range of biomechanical properties was identified. Despite this heterogeneity, normal and transformed motile cells followed a common trend whereby size and contractile forces were negatively correlated with cell speed. Some tumorigenic factors, such as activation of ErbB2 or loss of the βsubunit of casein kinase 2, shifted the whole population toward a faster speed and lower contractility state. Treatment with transforming growth factor β induced some cells to adopt opposing behaviors such as extremely high versus extremely low contractility. Thus tumor transformation amplified preexisting population heterogeneity and led some cells to exhibit biomechanical properties that were more extreme than those observed with normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Leal-Egaña
- CytoMorpho Lab, LPCV, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, UMR5168, CEA, CNRS, INRA, Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Gaelle Letort
- CytoMorpho Lab, LPCV, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, UMR5168, CEA, CNRS, INRA, Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Martiel
- CytoMorpho Lab, LPCV, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, UMR5168, CEA, CNRS, INRA, Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Andreas Christ
- CytoMorpho Lab, LPCV, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, UMR5168, CEA, CNRS, INRA, Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Timothée Vignaud
- CytoMorpho Lab, LPCV, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, UMR5168, CEA, CNRS, INRA, Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Roelants
- Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, UMRS1036, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Odile Filhol
- Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, UMRS1036, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Manuel Théry
- CytoMorpho Lab, LPCV, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, UMR5168, CEA, CNRS, INRA, Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38054 Grenoble, France .,CytoMorpho Lab, A2T, Hopital Saint Louis, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, UMRS1160, CEA, INSERM, AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, 75010 Paris, France
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Borgo C, Franchin C, Scalco S, Bosello-Travain V, Donella-Deana A, Arrigoni G, Salvi M, Pinna LA. Generation and quantitative proteomics analysis of CK2α/α' (-/-) cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42409. [PMID: 28209983 PMCID: PMC5314375 DOI: 10.1038/srep42409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
CK2 is a ubiquitous, constitutively active, highly pleiotropic, acidophilic Ser/Thr protein kinase whose holoenzyme is composed of two catalytic (α and/or α’) subunits and a dimer of a non-catalytic β subunit. Abnormally high CK2 level/activity is often associated with malignancy and a variety of cancer cells have been shown to rely on it to escape apoptosis. To gain information about the actual “druggability” of CK2 and to dissect CK2 dependent cellular processes that are instrumental to the establishment and progression of neoplasia we have exploited the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology to generate viable clones of C2C12 myoblasts devoid of either both the CK2 catalytic subunits or its regulatory β-subunit. Suppression of both CK2 catalytic subunits promotes the disappearance of the β-subunit as well, through its accelerated proteasomal degradation. A quantitative proteomics analysis of CK2α/α’(−/−) versus wild type cells shows that knocking out both CK2 catalytic subunits causes a rearrangement of the proteomics profile, with substantially altered level ( > 50%) of 240 proteins, 126 of which are up-regulated, while the other are down-regulated. A functional analysis reveals that up- and down-regulated proteins tend to be segregated into distinct sub-cellular compartments and play different biological roles, consistent with a global rewiring underwent by the cell to cope with the lack of CK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Borgo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy
| | - Cinzia Franchin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy.,Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, via G. Orus 2/B, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Scalco
- Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, via G. Orus 2/B, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Donella-Deana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy.,Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, via G. Orus 2/B, Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Salvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo A Pinna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy
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26
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Chua MMJ, Ortega CE, Sheikh A, Lee M, Abdul-Rassoul H, Hartshorn KL, Dominguez I. CK2 in Cancer: Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Target. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:E18. [PMID: 28134850 PMCID: PMC5374422 DOI: 10.3390/ph10010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CK2 genes are overexpressed in many human cancers, and most often overexpression is associated with worse prognosis. Site-specific expression in mice leads to cancer development (e.g., breast, lymphoma) indicating the oncogenic nature of CK2. CK2 is involved in many key aspects of cancer including inhibition of apoptosis, modulation of signaling pathways, DNA damage response, and cell cycle regulation. A number of CK2 inhibitors are now available and have been shown to have activity against various cancers in vitro and in pre-clinical models. Some of these inhibitors are now undergoing exploration in clinical trials as well. In this review, we will examine some of the major cancers in which CK2 inhibition has promise based on in vitro and pre-clinical studies, the proposed cellular and signaling mechanisms of anti-cancer activity by CK2 inhibitors, and the current or recent clinical trials using CK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M J Chua
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Charina E Ortega
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Ayesha Sheikh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Migi Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Hussein Abdul-Rassoul
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Kevan L Hartshorn
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Isabel Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Bae JS, Park SH, Jamiyandorj U, Kim KM, Noh SJ, Kim JR, Park HJ, Kwon KS, Jung SH, Park HS, Park BH, Lee H, Moon WS, Sylvester KG, Jang KY. CK2α/CSNK2A1 Phosphorylates SIRT6 and Is Involved in the Progression of Breast Carcinoma and Predicts Shorter Survival of Diagnosed Patients. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:3297-3315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Farré JC, Subramani S. Mechanistic insights into selective autophagy pathways: lessons from yeast. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 17:537-52. [PMID: 27381245 PMCID: PMC5549613 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy has burgeoned rapidly as a field of study because of its evolutionary conservation, the diversity of intracellular cargoes degraded and recycled by this machinery, the mechanisms involved, as well as its physiological relevance to human health and disease. This self-eating process was initially viewed as a non-selective mechanism used by eukaryotic cells to degrade and recycle macromolecules in response to stress; we now know that various cellular constituents, as well as pathogens, can also undergo selective autophagy. In contrast to non-selective autophagy, selective autophagy pathways rely on a plethora of selective autophagy receptors (SARs) that recognize and direct intracellular protein aggregates, organelles and pathogens for specific degradation. Although SARs themselves are not highly conserved, their modes of action and the signalling cascades that activate and regulate them are. Recent yeast studies have provided novel mechanistic insights into selective autophagy pathways, revealing principles of how various cargoes can be marked and targeted for selective degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Farré
- University of California, 3326 Bonner Hall, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0322, USA
| | - Suresh Subramani
- University of California, 3326 Bonner Hall, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0322, USA
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Zhang HX, Jiang SS, Zhang XF, Zhou ZQ, Pan QZ, Chen CL, Zhao JJ, Tang Y, Xia JC, Weng DS. Protein kinase CK2α catalytic subunit is overexpressed and serves as an unfavorable prognostic marker in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34800-17. [PMID: 26430962 PMCID: PMC4741491 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 alpha (CK2α), one isoform of the catalytic subunit of serine/threonine kinase CK2, has been indicated to participate in tumorigenesis of various malignancies. We conducted this study to investigate the biological significances of CK2α expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Real-time quantitative polymerase and western blotting analyses revealed that CK2α expression was significantly increased at mRNA and protein levels in HCC tissues. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that amplified expression of CK2α was highly correlated with poor prognosis. And functional analyses (cell proliferation and colony formation assays, cell migration and invasion assays, cell cycle and apoptosis assays) found that CK2α promoted cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, as well as inhibited apoptosis in hepatoma cell lines in vitro. CK2α-silenced resulted in significant apoptosis in cells that was demonstrated been associated with downregulation of expression of Bcl-2, p-AKT (ser473) and upregulation of expression of total P53, p-P53, Bax, caspase3 and cleaved-caspase3 in HCC cells. In addition, experiments with a mouse model revealed that the stimulative effect of CK2α on tumorigenesis in nude mice. Our results suggest that CK2α might play an oncogenic role in HCC, and therefore it could serve as a biomarker for prognostic and therapeutic applications in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan-Shan Jiang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qi Zhou
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Zhong Pan
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Long Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Chuan Xia
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Sheng Weng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Gray GK, McFarland BC, Rowse AL, Gibson SA, Benveniste EN. Therapeutic CK2 inhibition attenuates diverse prosurvival signaling cascades and decreases cell viability in human breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:6484-96. [PMID: 25153725 PMCID: PMC4171645 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide and remains a major cause of mortality, thus necessitating further therapeutic advancements. In breast cancer, numerous cell signaling pathways are aberrantly activated to produce the myriad phenotypes associated with malignancy; such pathways include the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB and JAK/STAT cascades. These pathways are highly interconnected, but one prominent lateral enhancer of each is the remarkably promiscuous kinase CK2. CK2 expression has been shown to be elevated in cancer, thus implicating it in tumorigenesis through its effects on oncogenic signaling cascades. In this study, we identify aberrant expression of CK2 subunits in human breast samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. Additionally, two specific small molecule inhibitors of CK2, CX-4945 and TBB, were used to examine the role of CK2 in two human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. We show that CK2 inhibition attenuates constitutive PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB and STAT3 activation and inducible NF-κB and JAK/STAT activation and downstream transcriptional activity. CX-4945 treatment caused a range of phenotypic changes in these cell lines, including decreased viability, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and loss of migratory capacity. Overall, these results demonstrate the tremendous potential of CK2 as a clinical target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kenneth Gray
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Braden C McFarland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Amber L Rowse
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sara A Gibson
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Etty N Benveniste
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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31
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Filhol O, Giacosa S, Wallez Y, Cochet C. Protein kinase CK2 in breast cancer: the CK2β regulatory subunit takes center stage in epithelial plasticity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3305-22. [PMID: 25990538 PMCID: PMC11113558 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Structurally, protein kinase CK2 consists of two catalytic subunits (α and α') and two regulatory subunits (β), which play a critical role in targeting specific CK2 substrates. Compelling evidence shows the complexity of the CK2 cellular signaling network and supports the view that this enzyme is a key component of regulatory protein kinase networks that are involved in several aspects of cancer. CK2 both activates and suppresses the expression of a number of essential oncogenes and tumor suppressors, and its expression and activity are upregulated in blood tumors and virtually all solid tumors. The prognostic significance of CK2α expression in association with various clinicopathological parameters highlighted this kinase as an adverse prognostic marker in breast cancer. In addition, several recent studies reported its implication in the regulation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an early step in cancer invasion and metastasis. In this review, we briefly overview the contribution of CK2 to several aspects of cancer and discuss how in mammary epithelial cells, the expression of its CK2β regulatory subunit plays a critical role in maintaining an epithelial phenotype through CK2-mediated control of key EMT-related transcription factors. Importantly, decreased CK2β expression in breast tumors is correlated with inefficient phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Snail1 and Foxc2, ultimately leading to EMT induction. This review highlights the pivotal role played by CK2β in the mammary epithelial phenotype and discusses how a modest alteration in its expression may be sufficient to induce dramatic effects facilitating the early steps in tumor cell dissemination through the coordinated regulation of two key transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Filhol
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1036, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Life Sciences Research and Technologies, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Grenoble, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1036, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sofia Giacosa
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1036, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Life Sciences Research and Technologies, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Grenoble, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1036, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Yann Wallez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1036, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Life Sciences Research and Technologies, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Grenoble, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1036, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Claude Cochet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1036, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Life Sciences Research and Technologies, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Grenoble, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1036, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Cancer cells proliferate uncontrollably and, many cases, spread to other parts of the body. A protein historically involved in cancer is protein kinase CK2. CK2 is a serine-threonine kinase that has been involved in cell growth, cell proliferation and cell apoptosis. CK2 functions as an oncogene when overexpressed in mouse tissues, and can synergize with known oncogenes, such as ras, to induce cell transformation in cells in culture. CK2, typically the CK2α protein, is found elevated in a number of human tumors. However, we have little information on CK2α' and CK2β proteins, and scarce information on CK2 gene transcript expression. Here, we explore the expression of CK2 transcripts in primary tumor tissues using the database Oncomine in the six cancers with the highest mortality in the U.S.A. In addition, we studied the correlation between CK2 expression and overall survival using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database in breast, ovarian, and lung cancers. We found widespread upregulation in the expression of CK2 genes in primary tumor tissues. However, we found underexpression of CK2α' transcripts in some tumors, increased CK2β transcripts in some invasive tumors, and deregulation of CK2 transcripts in some tumor precursors. There was also correlation between CK2 expression levels and patient survival. These data provides additional evidence for CK2 as a biomarker for cancer studies and as a target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charina E. Ortega
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118, United States of America
| | - Yoshua Seidner
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118, United States of America
| | - Isabel Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, 02118, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Systematic investigation of hierarchical phosphorylation by protein kinase CK2. J Proteomics 2014; 118:49-62. [PMID: 25449829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although multiple phosphorylation sites are often clustered in substrates, the mechanism of phosphorylation within clusters has not been systematically investigated. Intriguingly, in addition to acidic residues, protein kinase CK2 can use phosphoserine residues as consensus determinants suggesting that CK2 may act in concert with other kinases. We used a peptide array approach to outline optimal consensus sequences for hierarchical phosphorylation by CK2, both in the context of processive, multisite phosphorylation, and in concert with a priming proline-directed kinase. Results suggest that hierarchical phosphorylation involving CK2 requires precise positioning of either multiple phosphodeterminant residues or specific combinations of canonical determinants and phosphodeterminants, and can be as enzymatically favorable as canonical CK2 phosphorylation. Over 1600 human proteins contain at least one CK2 hierarchical consensus motif, and ~20% of these motifs contain at least one reported in vivo phosphorylation site. These motifs occur non-randomly in the human proteome, with significant enrichment in proteins controlling specific cellular processes. Taken together, our results provide strong in vitro evidence that hierarchical phosphorylation may contribute to the regulation of crucial biological processes. In addition, the results suggest a mechanism by which CK2, a constitutively active kinase, can be a regulatory participant in cellular processes. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Phosphorylation is a crucial regulatory mechanism governing cellular signal transduction pathways, and despite the large number of identified sites to date, most mechanistic studies remain focused on individual phosphorylation sites. This study is the first to systematically determine specific consensus sequences for hierarchical phosphorylation events. The results indicate that individual phosphorylation sites should not be studied in isolation, and that larger, multisite phosphorylation motifs may have profound impact on cellular signaling. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein dynamics in health and disease. Guest Editors: Pierre Thibault and Anne-Claude Gingras.
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Bae JS, Park SH, Kim KM, Kwon KS, Kim CY, Lee HK, Park BH, Park HS, Lee H, Moon WS, Chung MJ, Sylvester KG, Jang KY. CK2α phosphorylates DBC1 and is involved in the progression of gastric carcinoma and predicts poor survival of gastric carcinoma patients. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:797-809. [PMID: 24962073 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
CK2α has diverse effects on the tumorigenesis owing to its kinase activity, which phosphorylates various proteins involved in tumorigenesis. We, therefore, investigated the expression and role of CK2α in the phosphorylation of deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) in gastric carcinomas. We used 187 gastric carcinomas and human gastric cancer cells to investigate the roles and relationship between CK2α and DBC1 in gastric carcinomas. Positive expression of CK2α and phospho-DBC1 predicted shorter overall survival and relapse-free survival by univariate analysis. Especially, CK2α expression was an independent prognostic indicator for gastric carcinoma patients. In gastric carcinoma cells, CK2α was bound to DBC1 and phosphorylated DBC1. The phosphorylation of DBC1 by CK2α was evidenced by co-immunoprecipitation of CK2α and DBC1 in a GST pull-down assay, an in vitro kinase assay, and immunofluorescence staining. Inhibition of both CK2α and DBC1 decreased proliferation and invasive activity of cancer cells. Decreased migration and invasive activity was associated with a downregulation of MMP2, MMP9 and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. A mutation at the phosphorylation site of DBC1 also downregulated the signals related with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Our study demonstrated that CK2α is an independent prognostic indicator for gastric carcinoma patients and is involved in tumorigenesis by regulating the phosphorylation of DBC1. In addition, the blocking of CK2α and DBC1 inhibited the proliferation and invasive potential of gastric cancer cells. Therefore, our study suggests that CK2α-DBC1 pathway might be a new therapeutic target for the treatment of gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sang Bae
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Lei Y, Liu G, Li Z, Gao L, Qin Y, Qu Y. Functional characterization of protein kinase CK2 regulatory subunits regulating Penicillium oxalicum asexual development and hydrolytic enzyme production. Fungal Genet Biol 2014; 66:44-53. [PMID: 24613994 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Casein kinase CK2 is a ubiquitous and conserved phosphate transferase that is critical for the growth and development of eukaryotic cells. In Penicillium oxalicum, one catalytic subunit (CK2A) and two regulatory subunits (CK2B1 and CK2B2) of CK2 were annotated. In this study, CK2 regulatory subunit-defective mutants Δck2B1 and Δck2B2 were constructed to investigate the biological function of CK2 in P. oxalicum. The Δck2B1 strain exhibited minimal changes in morphogenesis and conidiation, whereas the Δck2B2 strain showed delayed conidial germination and drastically reduced conidiation compared with the parent strain. The defect in conidiation in Δck2B2 could be attributed to the reduced expression of transcription factor BrlA. Both Δck2B1 and Δck2B2 showed delayed autolysis in carbon-starvation medium compared with the parent strain. Cellulase and amylase production were decreased considerably in both mutants. The transcript abundances of the main extracellular glycoside hydrolase genes cel7A-2, bgl1, and amy15A, as well as those of three related transcriptional activators (i.e., ClrB, XlnR, and AmyR), were reduced or delayed in the mutants. Epistasis analysis suggested that CK2B1 and CK2B2 might function upstream of transcription factor CreA by inhibiting its repressing activity. In summary, CK2 plays important roles in development and extracellular enzyme production in P. oxalicum, with both unique and overlapping functions performed by the two regulatory subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shan Da Nan Road 27, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shan Da Nan Road 27, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shan Da Nan Road 27, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China
| | - Liwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shan Da Nan Road 27, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China
| | - Yuqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shan Da Nan Road 27, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Shan Da Nan Road 27, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China.
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shan Da Nan Road 27, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Shan Da Nan Road 27, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China.
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Zheng Y, McFarland BC, Drygin D, Yu H, Bellis SL, Kim H, Bredel M, Benveniste EN. Targeting protein kinase CK2 suppresses prosurvival signaling pathways and growth of glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:6484-94. [PMID: 24036851 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gliomas are the most frequently occurring primary malignancies in the brain, and glioblastoma is the most aggressive of these tumors. Protein kinase CK2 is composed of two catalytic subunits (α and/or α') and two β regulatory subunits. CK2 suppresses apoptosis, promotes neoangiogenesis, and enhances activation of the JAK/STAT, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, Hsp90, Wnt, and Hedgehog pathways. Aberrant activation of the NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, and JAK/STAT-3 pathways is implicated in glioblastoma progression. As CK2 is involved in their activation, the expression and function of CK2 in glioblastoma was evaluated. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND RESULTS Analysis of 537 glioblastomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas Project demonstrates the CSNK2A1 gene, encoding CK2α, has gene dosage gains in glioblastoma (33.7%), and is significantly associated with the classical glioblastoma subtype. Inhibition of CK2 activity by CX-4945, a selective CK2 inhibitor, or CK2 knockdown by siRNA suppresses activation of the JAK/STAT, NF-κB, and AKT pathways and downstream gene expression in human glioblastoma xenografts. On a functional level, CX-4945 treatment decreases the adhesion and migration of glioblastoma cells, in part through inhibition of integrin β1 and α4 expression. In vivo, CX-4945 inhibits activation of STAT-3, NF-κB p65, and AKT, and promotes survival of mice with intracranial human glioblastoma xenografts. CONCLUSIONS CK2 inhibitors may be considered for treatment of patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Pathology, and Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Cylene Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California
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Kang SC, Koo HJ, Park S, Lim JD, Kim YJ, Kim T, Namkoong S, Jang KH, Pyo S, Jang SA, Sohn EH. Effects of β-glucans from Coriolus versicolor on macrophage phagocytosis are related to the Akt and CK2/Ikaros. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 57:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kramerov AA, Ahmed K, Ljubimov AV. Cell rounding in cultured human astrocytes and vascular endothelial cells upon inhibition of CK2 is mediated by actomyosin cytoskeleton alterations. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2948-56. [PMID: 22552886 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 participates in a wide range of cellular events, including the regulation of cellular morphology and migration, and may be an important mediator of angiogenesis. We previously showed that in the retina, CK2 immunolocalizes mostly to vascular endothelium and astrocytes in association with the cytoskeleton. Additionally, CK2 inhibitors significantly reduced retinal neovascularization and stem cell recruitment in the mouse model of oxygen-induced proliferative retinopathy. We have also shown that CK2 and F-actin co-localized in actin stress fibers in microvascular endothelial cells, and that highly specific CK2 inhibitors caused cell rounding in astrocytes and microvascular endothelial cells, which was alleviated by serum that promotes spreading by Rho/Rho-kinase (RhoK) activation of myosin II. Therefore, we examined a possible role of CK2 in the regulation of actin-myosin II-based contractility. Treatment with CK2 inhibitors correlated with disassembly of actomyosin stress fibers and cell shape changes, including cytoplasmic retraction and process formation that were similar to those occurring during astrocyte stellation. Low doses of specific inhibitors of kinases (RhoK and MLCK) that phosphorylate myosin light chain (MLC) enhanced the effect of suboptimal CK2 inhibition on cell shape. Such striking stellation-like alteration was accompanied by decreased level of phospho-MLC, thus implying a CK2 role in regulation of actomyosin cytoskeleton. Our results suggest an important role of CK2 in the control of cell contractility and motility, which may account for suppressing effect of CK2 inhibition on retinal neovascularization. Together, our data implicate protein kinase CK2 for the first time in stellation-like morphological transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Kramerov
- Ophthalmology Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Iskratsch T, Reijntjes S, Dwyer J, Toselli P, Dégano IR, Dominguez I, Ehler E. Two distinct phosphorylation events govern the function of muscle FHOD3. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 70:893-908. [PMID: 23052206 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation are universally acknowledged regulators of protein function. Recently we characterised a striated muscle-specific isoform of the formin FHOD3 that displays distinct subcellular targeting and protein half-life compared to its non-muscle counterpart and which is dependent on phosphorylation by CK2 (formerly casein kinase 2). We now show that the two isoforms of FHOD3 are already expressed in the vertebrate embryonic heart. Analysis of CK2 alpha knockout mice showed that phosphorylation by CK2 is also required for proper targeting of muscle FHOD3 to the myofibrils in embryonic cardiomyocytes in situ. The localisation of muscle FHOD3 in the sarcomere varies depending on the maturation state, being either broader or restricted to the Z-disc proper in the adult heart. Following myofibril disassembly, such as that in dedifferentiating adult rat cardiomyocytes in culture, the expression of non-muscle FHOD3 is up-regulated, which is reversed once the myofibrils are reassembled. The shift in expression levels of different isoforms is accompanied by an increased co-localisation with p62, which is involved in autophagy, and affects the half-life of FHOD3. Phosphorylation of three amino acids in the C-terminus of FHOD3 by ROCK1 is sufficient for activation, which results in increased actin filament synthesis in cardiomyocytes and also a broader localisation pattern of FHOD3 in the myofibrils. ROCK1 can directly phosphorylate FHOD3, and FHOD3 seems to be the downstream mediator of the exaggerated actin filament formation phenotype that is induced in cardiomyocytes upon the overexpression of constitutively active ROCK1. We conclude that the expression of the muscle FHOD3 isoform is characteristic of the healthy mature heart and that two distinct phosphorylation events are crucial to regulate the activity of this isoform in thin filament assembly and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Iskratsch
- Muscle Cell Biology Section, The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and The Cardiovascular Division, BHF Research Excellence Centre, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
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Unbalanced expression of CK2 kinase subunits is sufficient to drive epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by Snail1 induction. Oncogene 2012; 32:1373-83. [PMID: 22562247 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely linked to conversion of early-stage tumours into invasive malignancies. Many signalling pathways are involved in EMT, but the key regulatory kinases in this important process have not been clearly identified. Protein kinase CK2 is a multi-subunit protein kinase, which, when overexpressed, has been linked to disease progression and poor prognosis in various cancers. Specifically, overexpression of CK2α in human breast cancers is correlated with metastatic risk. In this article, we show that an imbalance of CK2 subunits reflected by a decrease in the CK2β regulatory subunit in a subset of breast tumour samples is correlated with induction of EMT-related markers. CK2β-depleted epithelial cells displayed EMT-like morphological changes, enhanced migration, and anchorage-independent growth, all of which require Snail1 induction. In epithelial cells, Snail1 stability is negatively regulated by CK2 and GSK3β through synergistic hierarchal phosphorylation. This process depends strongly on CK2β, thus confirming that CK2 functions upstream of Snail1. In primary breast tumours, CK2β underexpression also correlates strongly with expression of EMT markers, emphasizing the link between asymmetric expression of CK2 subunits and EMT in vivo. Our results therefore highlight the importance of CK2β in controlling epithelial cell plasticity. They show that CK2 holoenzyme activity is essential to suppress EMT, and that it contributes to maintaining a normal epithelial morphology. This study also suggests that unbalanced expression of CK2 subunits may drive EMT, thereby contributing to tumour progression.
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Xavier CP, Rastetter RH, Blömacher M, Stumpf M, Himmel M, Morgan RO, Fernandez MP, Wang C, Osman A, Miyata Y, Gjerset RA, Eichinger L, Hofmann A, Linder S, Noegel AA, Clemen CS. Phosphorylation of CRN2 by CK2 regulates F-actin and Arp2/3 interaction and inhibits cell migration. Sci Rep 2012; 2:241. [PMID: 22355754 PMCID: PMC3268813 DOI: 10.1038/srep00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CRN2 (synonyms: coronin 1C, coronin 3) functions in the re-organization of the actin network and is implicated in cellular processes like protrusion formation, secretion, migration and invasion. We demonstrate that CRN2 is a binding partner and substrate of protein kinase CK2, which phosphorylates CRN2 at S463 in its C-terminal coiled coil domain. Phosphomimetic S463D CRN2 loses the wild-type CRN2 ability to inhibit actin polymerization, to bundle F-actin, and to bind to the Arp2/3 complex. As a consequence, S463D mutant CRN2 changes the morphology of the F-actin network in the front of lamellipodia. Our data imply that CK2-dependent phosphorylation of CRN2 is involved in the modulation of the local morphology of complex actin structures and thereby inhibits cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Peter Xavier
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Both authors contributed equally to this work
- Present address: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4256, USA
| | - Raphael H. Rastetter
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Both authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Margit Blömacher
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Stumpf
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mirko Himmel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reginald O. Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oviedo and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Maria-Pilar Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oviedo and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Conan Wang
- Structural Chemistry, Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia
| | - Asiah Osman
- Structural Chemistry, Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia
| | - Yoshihiko Miyata
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ruth A. Gjerset
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, San Diego, California, 92121, USA
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Structural Chemistry, Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angelika A. Noegel
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph S. Clemen
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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Tarrant MK, Rho HS, Xie Z, Jiang YL, Gross C, Culhane JC, Yan G, Qian J, Ichikawa Y, Matsuoka T, Zachara N, Etzkorn FA, Hart GW, Jeong JS, Blackshaw S, Zhu H, Cole PA. Regulation of CK2 by phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation revealed by semisynthesis. Nat Chem Biol 2012; 8:262-9. [PMID: 22267120 PMCID: PMC3288285 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein Ser/Thr kinase CK2 (casein kinase II) is involved in a myriad of cellular processes including cell growth and proliferation by phosphorylating hundreds of substrates, yet the regulation process of CK2 function is poorly understood. Here we report that the CK2 catalytic subunit CK2α is modified by O-GlcNAc on Ser347, proximal to a cyclin-dependent kinase phosphorylation site (Thr344) on the same protein. We use protein semisynthesis to show that Thr344 phosphorylation increases CK2α cellular stability via Pin1 interaction whereas Ser347 glycosylation appears to be antagonistic to Thr344 phosphorylation and permissive to proteasomal degradation. By performing kinase assays with the site-specifically modified phospho- and glyco-modified CK2α in combination with CK2β and Pin1 binding partners on human protein microarrays, we show that CK2 kinase substrate selectivity is modulated by these specific posttranslational modifications. This study suggests how a promiscuous protein kinase can be regulated at multiple levels to achieve particular biological outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Katherine Tarrant
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Phosphorylation of the transcription factor YY1 by CK2α prevents cleavage by caspase 7 during apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 32:797-807. [PMID: 22184066 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.06466-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we describe the phosphorylation of Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in vitro and in vivo by CK2α (casein kinase II), a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase. YY1 is a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional zinc finger transcription factor implicated in regulation of many cellular and viral genes. The products of these genes are associated with cell growth, the cell cycle, development, and differentiation. Numerous studies have linked YY1 to tumorigenesis and apoptosis. YY1 is a target for cleavage by caspases in vitro and in vivo as well, but very little is known about the mechanisms that regulate its cleavage during apoptosis. Here, we identify serine 118 in the transactivation domain of YY1 as the site of CK2α phosphorylation, proximal to a caspase 7 cleavage site. CK2α inhibitors, as well as knockdown of CK2α by small interfering RNA, reduce S118 phosphorylation in vivo and enhance YY1 cleavage under apoptotic conditions, whereas increased CK2α activity by overexpression in vivo elevates S118 phosphorylation. A serine-to-alanine substitution at serine 118 also increases the cleavage of YY1 during apoptosis compared to wild-type YY1. Taken together, we have discovered a regulatory link between YY1 phosphorylation at serine 118 and regulation of its cleavage during programmed cell death.
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Pemberton JG, Stafford JL, Yu Y, Chang JP. Differential involvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone actions in gonadotrophs and somatotrophs of goldfish, Carassius auratus. J Neuroendocrinol 2011; 23:660-74. [PMID: 21649760 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In goldfish, two endogenous gonadotrophin-releasing hormones (GnRHs) [salmon (s)GnRH and chicken (c)GnRH-II] control maturational gonadotrophin-II [lutenising hormone (LH)] and growth hormone (GH) secretion via Ca(2+)-dependent intracellular signalling pathways. We investigated the involvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in GnRH-evoked LH and GH release and associated intracellular Ca(2+) increases ([Ca(2+)](i) ) in goldfish gonadotrophs and somatotrophs. Immunoreactive PI3K p85α, the predominant regulatory subunit for class IA PI3Ks, was detected in goldfish pituitary tissue extracts and both endogenous GnRH isoforms increased phosphorylation of PI3K p85α in excised pituitary fragments. sGnRH- and cGnRH-II-elicited LH release responses from primary cultures of pituitary cells and [Ca(2+)](i) increases in identified gonadotrophs were significantly reduced in the presence of PI3K inhibitors wortmannin (100 nm) and LY294002 (10 μm). Unexpectedly, wortmannin and LY294002 inhibited GnRH-evoked GH release but only attenuated the [Ca(2+)](i) response in identified somatotrophs to cGnRH-II, and not sGnRH. On the other hand, Ca(2+) ionophore-evoked LH and GH secretion remained unaltered in the presence of the PI3K inhibitors, suggesting that general decreases in the releasable hormone pool or sensitivity to [Ca(2+)](i) changes did not underlie the ability of wortmannin and LY294002 to reduce the actions of GnRH. These results provide the first evidence for the presence and involvement of PI3K in GnRH-induced LH and GH release in any primary pituitary cell system. In gonadotrophs, the inhibitory action of PI3K on both sGnRH and cGnRH-II involves the attenuation of their evoked [Ca(2+)](i); in contrast, GnRH isoform-specific effects occur in somatotrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua G Pemberton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Alberghina L, Mavelli G, Drovandi G, Palumbo P, Pessina S, Tripodi F, Coccetti P, Vanoni M. Cell growth and cell cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: basic regulatory design and protein-protein interaction network. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 30:52-72. [PMID: 21821114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review we summarize the major connections between cell growth and cell cycle in the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In S. cerevisiae regulation of cell cycle progression is achieved predominantly during a narrow interval in the late G1 phase known as START (Pringle and Hartwell, 1981). At START a yeast cell integrates environmental and internal signals (such as nutrient availability, presence of pheromone, attainment of a critical size, status of the metabolic machinery) and decides whether to enter a new cell cycle or to undertake an alternative developmental program. Several signaling pathways, that act to connect the nutritional status to cellular actions, are briefly outlined. A Growth & Cycle interaction network has been manually curated. More than one fifth of the edges within the Growth & Cycle network connect Growth and Cycle proteins, indicating a strong interconnection between the processes of cell growth and cell cycle. The backbone of the Growth & Cycle network is composed of middle-degree nodes suggesting that it shares some properties with HOT networks. The development of multi-scale modeling and simulation analysis will help to elucidate relevant central features of growth and cycle as well as to identify their system-level properties. Confident collaborative efforts involving different expertises will allow to construct consensus, integrated models effectively linking the processes of cell growth and cell cycle, ultimately contributing to shed more light also on diseases in which an altered proliferation ability is observed, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Alberghina
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
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Dominguez I, Degano IR, Chea K, Cha J, Toselli P, Seldin DC. CK2α is essential for embryonic morphogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 356:209-16. [PMID: 21761203 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CK2 is a highly conserved serine-threonine kinase involved in biological processes such as embryonic development, circadian rhythms, inflammation, and cancer. Biochemical experiments have implicated CK2 in the control of several cellular processes and in the regulation of signal transduction pathways. Our laboratory is interested in characterizing the cellular, signaling, and molecular mechanisms regulated by CK2 during early embryonic development. For this purpose, animal models, including mice deficient in CK2 genes, are indispensable tools. Using CK2α gene-deficient mice, we have recently shown that CK2α is a critical regulator of mid-gestational morphogenetic processes, as CK2α deficiency results in defects in heart, brain, pharyngeal arch, tail bud, limb bud, and somite formation. Morphogenetic processes depend upon the precise coordination of essential cellular processes in which CK2 has been implicated, such as proliferation and survival. Here, we summarize the overall phenotype found in CK2α (-/- ) mice and describe our initial analysis aimed to identify the cellular processes affected in CK2α mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition: CK2β on stage. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 356:11-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zou J, Luo H, Zeng Q, Dong Z, Wu D, Liu L. Protein kinase CK2α is overexpressed in colorectal cancer and modulates cell proliferation and invasion via regulating EMT-related genes. J Transl Med 2011; 9:97. [PMID: 21702981 PMCID: PMC3132712 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Protein kinase CK2 is a highly conserved, ubiquitous protein serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates many substrates and has a global role in numerous biological and pathological processes. Overexpression of the protein kinase CK2α subunit (CK2α) has been associated with the malignant transformation of several tissues, with not nearly as much focus on the role of CK2α in colorectal cancer (CRC). The aims of this study are to investigate the function and regulatory mechanism of CK2α in CRC development. Methods Expression levels of CK2α were analyzed in 144 patients (104 with CRC and 40 with colorectal adenoma) by immunohistochemistry. Proliferation, senescence, motility and invasion assays as well as immunofluorescence staining and western blots were performed to assess the effect of CK2α in CRC. Results The immunohistochemical expression of nuclear CK2α was stronger in tumor tissues than in adenomas and normal colorectal tissues. Suppression of CK2α by small-interfering RNA or the CK2α activity inhibitor emodin inhibited proliferation of CRC cells, caused G0/G1 phase arrest, induced cell senescence, elevated the expression of p53/p21 and decreased the expression of C-myc. We also found that knockdown of CK2α suppressed cell motility and invasion. Significantly, CK2α inhibition resulted in β-catenin transactivation, decreased the expression levels of vimentin and the transcription factors snail1 and smad2/3, and increased the expression of E-cadherin, suggesting that CK2α regulates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in cancer cells. Conclusions Our results indicate that CK2α plays an essential role in the development of CRC, and inhibition of CK2α may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
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Peng Y, Wong CCL, Nakajima Y, Tyers RG, Sarkeshik AS, Yates J, Drubin DG, Barnes G. Overlapping kinetochore targets of CK2 and Aurora B kinases in mitotic regulation. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:2680-9. [PMID: 21633108 PMCID: PMC3145544 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-11-0915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 is one of the most conserved kinases in eukaryotic cells and plays essential roles in diverse processes. While we know that CK2 plays a role(s) in cell division, our understanding of how CK2 regulates cell cycle progression is limited. In this study, we revealed a regulatory role for CK2 in kinetochore function. The kinetochore is a multi-protein complex that assembles on the centromere of a chromosome and functions to attach chromosomes to spindle microtubules. To faithfully segregate chromosomes and maintain genomic integrity, the kinetochore is tightly regulated by multiple mechanisms, including phosphorylation by Aurora B kinase. We found that a loss of CK2 kinase activity inhibits anaphase spindle elongation and results in chromosome missegregation. Moreover, a lack of CK2 activates the spindle assembly checkpoint. We demonstrate that CK2 associates with Mif2, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of human CENP-C, which serves as an important link between the inner and outer kinetochore. Furthermore, we show Mif2 and the inner kinetochore protein Ndc10 are phosphorylated by CK2, and this phosphorylation plays antagonistic and synergistic roles with Aurora B phosphorylation of these targets, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Peng
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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