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Qiao L, Hu W, Li L, Chen X, Liu L, Wang J. USP11 promotes glycolysis by regulating HIF-1α stability in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18017. [PMID: 38229475 PMCID: PMC10826445 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is crucial for developing new therapies against this fatal disease. Deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11) belongs to the deubiquitinating family and has previously been reported to play a critical role in cancer pathogenesis. Although it has been established that USP11 can facilitate the metastasis and proliferation ability of HCC, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. The primary objective of this research was to reveal hitherto undocumented functions of USP11 during HCC progression, especially those related to metabolism. Under hypoxic conditions, USP11 was found to significantly impact the glycolysis of HCC cells, as demonstrated through various techniques, including RNA-Seq, migration and colony formation assays, EdU and co-immunoprecipitation. Interestingly, we found that USP11 interacted with the HIF-1α complex and maintained HIF-1α protein stability by removing ubiquitin. Moreover, USP11/HIF-1α could promote glycolysis through the PDK1 and LDHA pathways. In general, our results demonstrate that USP11 promotes HCC proliferation and metastasis through HIF-1α/LDHA-induced glycolysis, providing new insights and the experimental basis for developing new treatments for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Qiao
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas SurgeryThe Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital)ShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Weibin Hu
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Linzhi Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas SurgeryThe Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital)ShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Jingbo Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
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2
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Kim JH, Yang HJ, Lee KW, Park JJ, Lee CH, Jeon YS, Kim JH, Park S, Song SJ, Lee JH, Moon A, Kim YH, Song YS. The Correlations between the Intensity of Histopathological Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 11 Staining and Progression of Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1703. [PMID: 38139829 PMCID: PMC10747236 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11), one of the principal phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deubiquitinases, can reserve PTEN polyubiquitination to maintain PTEN protein integrity and inhibit PI3K/AKT pathway activation. The aim of the current study was to investigate the associations between immunohistochemical USP11 staining intensities and prognostic indicators in individuals with prostate cancer. METHODS Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were performed for human prostate cancer and normal tissue (control) samples. Data on patient's age, Gleason score, plasma prostate-specific antigen (PSA) titer, disease stage, and presence of seminal vesicles, lymph nodes, and surgical margin involvement were collected. A pathologist who was blinded to the clinical outcome data scored the TMA for USP11 staining intensity as either positive or negative. RESULTS Cancerous tissues exhibited lower USP11 staining intensity, whereas the neighboring benign peri-tumoral tissues showed higher USP11 staining intensity. The degree of USP11 staining intensity was lower in patients with a higher PSA titer, higher Gleason score, or more advanced disease stage. Patients who showed positive USP11 staining were more likely to have more optimal clinical and biochemical recurrence-free survival statistics. CONCLUSIONS USP11 staining intensity in patients with prostate cancer is negatively associated with several prognostic factors such as an elevated PSA titer and a high Gleason score. It also reflects both biochemical and clinical recurrence-free survival in such patients. Thus, USP11 staining is a valuable prognostic factor in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Heon Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 04404, Republic of Korea; (J.H.K.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Hee Jo Yang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Woo Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Joon Park
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 04404, Republic of Korea; (J.H.K.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Chang-Ho Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Soo Jeon
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Gumi 39371, Republic of Korea;
| | - Suyeon Park
- Department of Data Innovation, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04404, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Statistics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Song
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ahrim Moon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Yon Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 04404, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seob Song
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 04404, Republic of Korea; (J.H.K.); (J.J.P.)
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Li Y, Zhu J, Yu Z, Zhai F, Li H, Jin X. Regulation of apoptosis by ubiquitination in liver cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:4832-4871. [PMID: 37970337 PMCID: PMC10636691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a programmed cell death process critical to cell development and tissue homeostasis in multicellular organisms. Defective apoptosis is a crucial step in the malignant transformation of cells, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), where the apoptosis rate is higher than in normal liver tissues. Ubiquitination, a post-translational modification process, plays a precise role in regulating the formation and function of different death-signaling complexes, including those involved in apoptosis. Aberrant expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s) in liver cancer (LC), such as cellular inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (cIAPs), X chromosome-linked IAP (XIAP), and linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), can contribute to HCC development by promoting cell survival and inhibiting apoptosis. Therefore, the review introduces the main apoptosis pathways and the regulation of proteins in these pathways by E3s and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). It summarizes the abnormal expression of these regulators in HCC and their effects on cancer inhibition or promotion. Understanding the role of ubiquitination in apoptosis and LC can provide insights into potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center of LiHuiLi Hospital, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315040, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center of LiHuiLi Hospital, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315040, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Zongdong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center of LiHuiLi Hospital, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315040, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Fengguang Zhai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center of LiHuiLi Hospital, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315040, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center of LiHuiLi Hospital, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315040, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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Morgan EL, Toni T, Viswanathan R, Robbins Y, Yang X, Cheng H, Gunti S, Huynh A, Sowers AL, Mitchell JB, Allen CT, Chen Z, Van Waes C. Inhibition of USP14 promotes TNFα-induced cell death in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1382-1396. [PMID: 37055579 PMCID: PMC10154301 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
TNFα is a key mediator of immune, chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced cytotoxicity, but several cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), display resistance to TNFα due to activation of the canonical NFκB pro-survival pathway. However, direct targeting of this pathway is associated with significant toxicity; thus, it is vital to identify novel mechanism(s) contributing to NFκB activation and TNFα resistance in cancer cells. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of proteasome-associated deubiquitinase USP14 is significantly increased in HNSCC and correlates with worse progression free survival in Human Papillomavirus (HPV)- HNSCC. Inhibition or depletion of USP14 inhibited the proliferation and survival of HNSCC cells. Further, USP14 inhibition reduced both basal and TNFα-inducible NFκB activity, NFκB-dependent gene expression and the nuclear translocation of the NFκB subunit RELA. Mechanistically, USP14 bound to both RELA and IκBα and reduced IκBα K48-ubiquitination leading to the degradation of IκBα, a critical inhibitor of the canonical NFκB pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrated that b-AP15, an inhibitor of USP14 and UCHL5, sensitized HNSCC cells to TNFα-mediated cell death, as well as radiation-induced cell death in vitro. Finally, b-AP15 delayed tumor growth and enhanced survival, both as a monotherapy and in combination with radiation, in HNSCC tumor xenograft models in vivo, which could be significantly attenuated by TNFα depletion. These data offer new insights into the activation of NFκB signaling in HNSCC and demonstrate that small molecule inhibitors targeting the ubiquitin pathway warrant further investigation as a novel therapeutic avenue to sensitize these cancers to TNFα- and radiation-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan L Morgan
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
| | - Tiffany Toni
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIH Medical Research Scholars Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ramya Viswanathan
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yvette Robbins
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xinping Yang
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hui Cheng
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sreenivasulu Gunti
- Sinonasal and Skull Base Tumor Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Angel Huynh
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anastasia L Sowers
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James B Mitchell
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clint T Allen
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Wang R, Wu D, Dai J, Shen J, Rong J, Chen Z, Jiao Y, Qi X. USP11 plays a critical role in the onset and progression of acute graft-versus-host disease:Novel target for precision therapeutics. Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106707. [PMID: 36822452 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is considered a result of "cytokine storm." Targeted therapeutic interventions on cytokines via ubiquitination regulatory pathways may provide a potential approach for aGvHD treatment. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 11 (USP11) has been reported to play key roles in a variety of physiopathological processes by regulating the stability and function of several vital protein molecules. However, its role in aGvHD remains unclear. In this study, we identified USP11 was associated with aGvHD in patients. In the aGvHD mouse model, the colon and liver were more seriously affected in recipient mice who received USP11 wt bone marrow (BM) cells and eased after the donor was treated with a USP11 inhibitor or received USP11 ko BM cells. In mouse models, IL-6 was identified as a major effecter in accelerating aGvHD induced by USP11. In the cell model, IL-6 mRNA transcript was affected by USP11. In addition, USP11 also inhibited IL-6 degradation by affecting IL-6 ubiquitination. Furthermore, the positive correlation between USP11 and IL-6 was confirmed in the GvHD patients' samples. Collectively, all results indicated that USP11 played a critical role in the onset and progression of aGvHD. USP11 might be a potential target for aGvHD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou 215006, P R China; Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou 215006, PR China; Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Depei Wu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou 215006, P R China; Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou 215006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Dai
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou 215006, P R China; State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Jianjie Rong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Zixing Chen
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou 215006, P R China; Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China.
| | - Xiaofei Qi
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou 215006, P R China; Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou 215006, PR China; Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China; Departments of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China.
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6
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Shi Y, Tao M, Chen H, Ma X, Wang Y, Hu Y, Zhou X, Li J, Cui B, Qiu A, Zhuang S, Liu N. Ubiquitin-specific protease 11 promotes partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by deubiquitinating the epidermal growth factor receptor during kidney fibrosis. Kidney Int 2023; 103:544-564. [PMID: 36581018 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant expression of ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11) is believed to be related to tumor progression. However, few studies have reported the biological function and clinical importance of USP11 in kidney fibrosis. Here, we demonstrated USP11 was highly upregulated in the kidneys from patients with chronic kidney disease and correlated positively with fibrotic lesion but negatively with kidney function. Conditional USP11 deletion or pharmacologic inhibition with Mitoxantrone attenuated pathological lesions and improved kidney function in both hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN)- and folic acid (FA)-induced mouse models of kidney fibrosis. Mechanistically, by RNA sequencing, USP11 was found to be involved in nuclear gene transcription of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). USP11 co-immunoprecipitated and co-stained with extra-nuclear EGFR and deubiquitinated and protected EGFR from proteasome-dependent degradation. Genetic or pharmacological depletion of USP11 facilitated EGFR degradation and abated augmentation of TGF-β1 and downstream signaling. This consequently alleviated the partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition, G2/M arrest and aberrant secretome of profibrogenic and proinflammatory factors in uric acid-stimulated tubular epithelial cells. Moreover, USP11 deletion had anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory kidney effects in the murine HN and FA models. Thus, our study provides evidence supporting USP11 as a promising target for minimizing kidney fibrosis and that inhibition of USP11 has potential to be an effective strategy for patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinqing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binbin Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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The equilibrium of tumor suppression: DUBs as active regulators of PTEN. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1814-1821. [PMID: 36385557 PMCID: PMC9723170 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00887-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN is among the most commonly lost or mutated tumor suppressor genes in human cancer. PTEN, a bona fide lipid phosphatase that antagonizes the highly oncogenic PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, is considered a major dose-dependent tumor suppressor. Although PTEN function can be compromised by genetic mutations in inherited syndromes and cancers, posttranslational modifications of PTEN may also play key roles in the dynamic regulation of its function. Notably, deregulated ubiquitination and deubiquitination lead to detrimental impacts on PTEN levels and subcellular partitioning, promoting tumorigenesis. While PTEN can be targeted by HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases for nuclear import and proteasomal degradation, studies have shown that several deubiquitinating enzymes, including HAUSP/USP7, USP10, USP11, USP13, OTUD3 and Ataxin-3, can remove ubiquitin from ubiquitinated PTEN in cancer-specific contexts and thus reverse ubiquitination-mediated PTEN regulation. Researchers continue to reveal the precise molecular mechanisms by which cancer-specific deubiquitinases of PTEN regulate its roles in the pathobiology of cancer, and new methods of pharmacologically for modulating PTEN deubiquitinases are critical areas of investigation for cancer treatment and prevention. Here, we assess the mechanisms and functions of deubiquitination as a recently appreciated mode of PTEN regulation and review the link between deubiquitinases and PTEN reactivation and its implications for therapeutic strategies.
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8
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Ubiquitin specific peptidase 11 as a novel therapeutic target for cancer management. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:292. [PMID: 35715413 PMCID: PMC9205893 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a critical biological process in post-translational modification of proteins and involves multiple signaling pathways in protein metabolism, apoptosis, DNA damage, cell-cycle progression, and cancer development. Deubiquitinase, a specific enzyme that regulates the ubiquitination process, is also thought to be closely associated with the development and progression of various cancers. In this article, we systematically review the emerging role of the deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific peptidase 11 (USP11) in many cancer-related pathways. The results show that USP11 promotes or inhibits the progression and chemoresistance of different cancers, including colorectal, breast, ovarian, and hepatocellular carcinomas, via deubiquitinating several critical proteins of cancer-related pathways. We initially summarize the role of USP11 in different cancers and further discuss the possibility of USP11 as a therapeutic strategy.
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Timani KA, Rezaei S, Whitmill A, Liu Y, He JJ. Tip110/SART3-Mediated Regulation of NF-κB Activity by Targeting IκBα Stability Through USP15. Front Oncol 2022; 12:843157. [PMID: 35530338 PMCID: PMC9070983 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.843157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there are a small number of nuclear-restricted proteins that have been reported to play a role in NF-κB signaling. However, the exact molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Tip110 is a nuclear protein that has been implicated in multiple biological processes. In a previous study, we have shown that Tip110 interacts with oncogenic ubiquitin specific peptidase 15 (USP15) and that ectopic expression of Tip110 leads to re-distribution of USP15 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. USP15 is known to regulate NF-κB activity through several mechanisms including modulation of IκBα ubiquitination. These findings prompted us to investigate the role of Tip110 in the NF-κB signaling pathway. We showed that Tip110 regulates NF-κB activity. The expression of Tip110 potentiated TNF-α-induced NF-κB activity and deletion of the nuclear localization domain in Tip110 abrogated this potentiation activity. We then demonstrated that Tip110 altered IκBα phosphorylation and stability in the presence of TNF-α. Moreover, we found that Tip110 and USP15 opposingly regulated NF-κB activity by targeting IκBα protein stability. We further showed that Tip110 altered the expression of NF-κB-dependent proinflammatory cytokines. Lastly, by using whole-transcriptome analysis of Tip110 knockout mouse embryonic stem cells, we found several NF-κB and NF-κB-related pathways were dysregulated. Taken together, these findings add to the nuclear regulation of NF-κB activity by Tip110 through IκBα stabilization and provide new evidence to support the role of Tip110 in controlling cellular processes such as cancers that involve proinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Amine Timani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, United States
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Khalid Amine Timani,
| | - Sahar Rezaei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, United States
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Amanda Whitmill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, United States
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Johnny J. He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, United States
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, United States
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10
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Modulating the Ubiquitin–Proteasome System: A Therapeutic Strategy for Autoimmune Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071093. [PMID: 35406655 PMCID: PMC8997991 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, neurodegenerative disease associated with the central nervous system (CNS). Autoimmunity is caused by an abnormal immune response to self-antigens, which results in chronic inflammation and tissue death. Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification in which ubiquitin molecules are attached to proteins by ubiquitinating enzymes, and then the modified proteins are degraded by the proteasome system. In addition to regulating proteasomal degradation of proteins, ubiquitination also regulates other cellular functions that are independent of proteasomal degradation. It plays a vital role in intracellular protein turnover and immune signaling and responses. The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is primarily responsible for the nonlysosomal proteolysis of intracellular proteins. The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic adenosine-triphosphate-dependent protease that recognizes ubiquitin covalently attached to particular proteins and targets them for degradation. Damaged, oxidized, or misfolded proteins, as well as regulatory proteins that govern many essential cellular functions, are removed by this degradation pathway. When this system is affected, cellular homeostasis is altered, resulting in the induction of a range of diseases. This review discusses the biochemistry and molecular biology of the UPS, including its role in the development of MS and proteinopathies. Potential therapies and targets involving the UPS are also addressed.
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11
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The Dual Role of USP11 in Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:9963905. [PMID: 35359344 PMCID: PMC8964208 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9963905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is one of the most crucial ways of protein degradation and plays an indispensable role in various living activities of cells. The deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) is the main practitioner of the reversal of ubiquitination. Up till the present moment, nearly 100 DUBs from six families have been confirmed. USP11 is a member of the largest subfamily of cysteine protease DUBs, involving in the regulation of cell cycle, DNA repair, regulating signaling pathways, tumor development, and other important biological behaviors. This review briefly describes the structure and function of USP11 and comprehensively describes its dual role in tumorigenesis and development, as well as its targeted therapy.
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12
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Tyagi A, Haq S, Ramakrishna S. Redox regulation of DUBs and its therapeutic implications in cancer. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102194. [PMID: 34814083 PMCID: PMC8608616 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as a double-edged sword in cancer, where low levels of ROS are beneficial but excessive accumulation leads to cancer progression. Elevated levels of ROS in cancer are counteracted by the antioxidant defense system. An imbalance between ROS generation and the antioxidant system alters gene expression and cellular signaling, leading to cancer progression or death. Post-translational modifications, such as ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and SUMOylation, play a critical role in the maintenance of ROS homeostasis by controlling ROS production and clearance. Recent evidence suggests that deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs)-mediated ubiquitin removal from substrates is regulated by ROS. ROS-mediated oxidation of the catalytic cysteine (Cys) of DUBs, leading to their reversible inactivation, has emerged as a key mechanism regulating DUB-controlled cellular events. A better understanding of the mechanism by which DUBs are susceptible to ROS and exploring the ways to utilize ROS to pharmacologically modulate DUB-mediated signaling pathways might provide new insight for anticancer therapeutics. This review assesses the recent findings regarding ROS-mediated signaling in cancers, emphasizes DUB regulation by oxidation, highlights the relevant recent findings, and proposes directions of future research based on the ROS-induced modifications of DUB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Saba Haq
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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13
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Yang H, Park D, Ryu J, Park T. USP11 degrades KLF4 via its deubiquitinase activity in liver diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6976-6987. [PMID: 34114341 PMCID: PMC8278108 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) is a zinc‐finger containing DNA‐binding transcription factor involved in tumorigenesis and acts as a tumour suppressor or an oncogene depending on the tissue. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), KLF4 has been considered as a tumour suppressor, although the mechanism underlying its action remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified the ubiquitin‐specific peptidase USP11 as a KLF4‐interacting deubiquitinating enzyme using a proteomic approach. USP11 destabilizes KLF4 through the removal of K63‐dependent polyubiquitination, thereby inhibiting KLF4 expression. We also provide mechanistic insights into KLF4 degradation and show that USP11 depletion inhibits growth and chemoresistance of HCC cells by enhancing KLF4 stability. Importantly, lipid content was reduced and genes involved in fatty acid metabolism were down‐regulated in an in vitro steatosis conditions upon USP11 knockout. Finally, elevated USP11 and reduced KLF4 levels were detected both in a hepatic steatosis in vitro model and in public clinical data of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and HCC patients. Collectively, these findings suggest that USP11, as KLF4‐binding partner, is an important mediator of hepatic tumorigenesis that functions via degradation of KLF4 and is a potential treatment target for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeyoung Yang
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeongho Ryu
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Tamina Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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14
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Fu S, Zheng Y, Sun Y, Lai M, Qiu J, Gui F, Zeng Q, Liu F. Suppressing long noncoding RNA OGRU ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation via miR-320/USP14 axis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:361-381. [PMID: 33762162 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators in various diseases including diabetic retinopathy (DR). In this study, DR patients exhibited significantly increased expression of serum LncRNA-OGRU compared with normal individuals. Streptozotocin (STZ)-challenged rats with DR also had higher OGRU expression in retinas than that of the control group, which was confirmed in Müller cells upon high glucose (HG) stimulation. OGRU knockdown remarkably decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression in HG-incubated Müller cells. HG-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress in vitro were markedly mitigated by OGRU knockdown through restraining IκBɑ/nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) and improving nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathways, respectively. Further studies indicated that OGRU suppression greatly restored miR-320 expression, and a negative correlation between them was detected in DR patients. We also found that miR-320 over-expression considerably restrained TGF-β1 signaling, and hindered inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HG-stimulated Müller cells. Additionally, OGRU knockdown or miR-320 over-expression could dramatically down-regulate ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14 (USP14) expression levels in HG-incubated Müller cells, and miR-320 could directly target USP14. Notably, OGRU/miR-320 axis-mediated TGF-β1 signaling, inflammation and ROS were largely dependent on USP14. Intriguingly, our results showed that USP14 directly interacted with transforming growth factor-beta type 1 receptor (TβR1), and impeded TβR1 ubiquitination and degradation. Furthermore, USP14 could also facilitate IκBɑ deubiquitination and degradation, exacerbating IκBɑ phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. Finally, our in vivo studies confirmed that OGRU knockdown considerably ameliorated DR progression in STZ-challenged rats through mediating the mechanisms observed in vitro. Collectively, these findings implicated that LncRNA-OGRU mediated DR progression through competing for miR-320 to regulate USP14 expression, and thus LncRNA-OGRU/miR-320/USP14 axis may be considered as a therapeutic target for DR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
| | - Yunyao Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Yawen Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Meichen Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Jingjing Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Fu Gui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Qinqin Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
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15
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The Multifaceted Roles of USP15 in Signal Transduction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094728. [PMID: 33946990 PMCID: PMC8125482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination and deubiquitination are protein post-translational modification processes that have been recognized as crucial mediators of many complex cellular networks, including maintaining ubiquitin homeostasis, controlling protein stability, and regulating several signaling pathways. Therefore, some of the enzymes involved in ubiquitination and deubiquitination, particularly E3 ligases and deubiquitinases, have attracted attention for drug discovery. Here, we review recent findings on USP15, one of the deubiquitinases, which regulates diverse signaling pathways by deubiquitinating vital target proteins. Even though several basic previous studies have uncovered the versatile roles of USP15 in different signaling networks, those have not yet been systematically and specifically reviewed, which can provide important information about possible disease markers and clinical applications. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of USP15 on different signaling pathways for which dynamic reverse ubiquitination is a key regulator.
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16
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Advances in the Development Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase (USP) Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094546. [PMID: 33925279 PMCID: PMC8123678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation are reversible protein post-translational modification (PTM) processes involving the regulation of protein degradation under physiological conditions. Loss of balance in this regulatory system can lead to a wide range of diseases, such as cancer and inflammation. As the main members of the deubiquitinases (DUBs) family, ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs) are closely related to biological processes through a variety of molecular signaling pathways, including DNA damage repair, p53 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathways. Over the past decade, increasing attention has been drawn to USPs as potential targets for the development of therapeutics across diverse therapeutic areas. In this review, we summarize the crucial roles of USPs in different signaling pathways and focus on advances in the development of USP inhibitors, as well as the methods of screening and identifying USP inhibitors.
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17
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Nishimura K, Tanaka T, Takemura S, Tatsumi K, Wanaka A. SNX25 regulates proinflammatory cytokine expression via the NF-κB signal in macrophages. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247840. [PMID: 33647065 PMCID: PMC7920363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first line of defense against bacterial infection and is initiated by macrophages. Sorting nexin 25 (SNX25) is an SNX family member and is reported to negatively regulate TGF-β signaling by enhancing TGF receptor degradation. However, few studies have focused on the relationship between SNX25 and the immune system. We knocked down SNX25 expression in macrophages and examined inflammatory cytokine expression, a hallmark of innate immunity, after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. SNX25 knockdown increased proinflammatory cytokine expression in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, SNX25 knockdown activated the NF-κB signal by promoting ubiquitination of IκBα. These results suggest that SNX25 inhibits the NF-κB signal and thereby regulates proinflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Nishimura
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Tatsuhide Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Shoko Takemura
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kouko Tatsumi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Akio Wanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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18
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Perry M, Biegert M, Kollala SS, Mallard H, Su G, Kodavati M, Kreiling N, Holbrook A, Ghosal G. USP11 mediates repair of DNA-protein cross-links by deubiquitinating SPRTN metalloprotease. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100396. [PMID: 33567341 PMCID: PMC7960550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) are toxic DNA lesions that interfere with DNA metabolic processes such as replication, transcription, and recombination. USP11 deubiquitinase participates in DNA repair, but the role of USP11 in DPC repair is not known. SPRTN is a replication-coupled DNA-dependent metalloprotease that cleaves proteins cross-linked to DNA to promote DPC repair. SPRTN function is tightly regulated by a monoubiquitin switch that controls SPRTN auto-proteolysis and chromatin accessibility during DPC repair. Previously, VCPIP1 and USP7 deubiquitinases have been shown to regulate SPRTN. Here, we identify USP11 as an SPRTN deubiquitinase. USP11 interacts with SPRTN and cleaves monoubiquitinated SPRTN in cells and in vitro. USP11 depletion impairs SPRTN deubiquitination and promotes SPRTN auto-proteolysis in response to formaldehyde-induced DPCs. Loss of USP11 causes an accumulation of unrepaired DPCs and cellular hypersensitivity to treatment with DPC-inducing agents. Our findings show that USP11 regulates SPRTN auto-proteolysis and SPRTN-mediated DPC repair to maintain genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Perry
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Meghan Biegert
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sai Sundeep Kollala
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Halle Mallard
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Grace Su
- Department of Biology, Doane University, Crete, Nebraska, USA
| | - Manohar Kodavati
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Natasha Kreiling
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Alexander Holbrook
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Gargi Ghosal
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha Nebraska, USA.
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19
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A pro-inflammatory mediator USP11 enhances the stability of p53 and inhibits KLF2 in intracerebral hemorrhage. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 21:681-692. [PMID: 34141823 PMCID: PMC8178085 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microglial cell activation and neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) lead to secondary brain damage. Ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11) has been correlated with ICH-induced neuron apoptosis. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism of USP11 regulating neuroinflammation in ICH. First, an ICH rat model was developed by intracranial administration of collagenase. Silencing USP11 was found to alleviate nerve injury in rats with ICH-like symptoms. Then, through loss- and gain-of-function assays, USP11 knockdown was revealed to alleviate ICH-induced symptoms, corresponding to reduced modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) value, brain water content, blood-brain barrier permeability, neuron apoptosis, microglial cell activation, neutrophil infiltration, and inflammatory factor secretion. It was subsequently shown in microglial cells that USP11 stabilized p53 by deubiquitination and p53 targeted the Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) promoter to repress KLF2 transcription, thereby activating the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway. Further, rescue experiments were conducted in vivo to validate the function of the USP11/p53/KLF2/NF-κB axis in ICH-induced inflammation, which confirmed that USP11 silencing blocked the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines following ICH by downregulating p53, thus protecting against neurological impairment. Hence silencing USP11 may be a novel anti-inflammatory method for ICH treatment.
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20
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The Role of Ubiquitination in NF-κB Signaling during Virus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020145. [PMID: 33498196 PMCID: PMC7908985 DOI: 10.3390/v13020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) family are the master transcription factors that control cell proliferation, apoptosis, the expression of interferons and proinflammatory factors, and viral infection. During viral infection, host innate immune system senses viral products, such as viral nucleic acids, to activate innate defense pathways, including the NF-κB signaling axis, thereby inhibiting viral infection. In these NF-κB signaling pathways, diverse types of ubiquitination have been shown to participate in different steps of the signal cascades. Recent advances find that viruses also modulate the ubiquitination in NF-κB signaling pathways to activate viral gene expression or inhibit host NF-κB activation and inflammation, thereby facilitating viral infection. Understanding the role of ubiquitination in NF-κB signaling during viral infection will advance our knowledge of regulatory mechanisms of NF-κB signaling and pave the avenue for potential antiviral therapeutics. Thus, here we systematically review the ubiquitination in NF-κB signaling, delineate how viruses modulate the NF-κB signaling via ubiquitination and discuss the potential future directions.
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21
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Feng P, Li L, Dai J, Zhou L, Liu J, Zhao J, Li X, Ling N, Qiu S, Zhang L, Xie T, Chen Y, Donovan MJ, Peng T, Song J, Ye M. The regulation of NONO by USP11 via deubiquitination is linked to the proliferation of melanoma cells. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:1507-1517. [PMID: 33369124 PMCID: PMC7875907 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin‐specific protease 11 (USP11) has been implicated in the regulation of DNA repair, apoptosis, signal transduction and cell cycle. It belongs to a USP subfamily of deubiquitinases. Although previous research has shown that USP11 overexpression is frequently found in melanoma and is correlated with a poor prognosis, the potential molecular mechanism of USP11 in melanoma remains indefinitive. Here, we report that USP11 and NONO colocalize and interact with each other in the nucleus of melanoma cells. As a result, the knockdown of USP11 decreases NONO levels. Whereas, overexpression of USP11 increases NONO levels in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, we reveal that USP11 protects NONO protein from proteasome‐mediated degradation by removing poly‐ubiquitin chains conjugated onto NONO. Functionally, USP11 mediated melanoma cell proliferation via the regulation of NONO levels because ablation of USP11 inhibits the proliferation which could be rescued by ectopic expression of NONO protein. Moreover, a significant positive correlation between USP11 and NONO concentrations was found in clinical melanoma samples. Collectively, these results demonstrate that USP11 is a new deubiquitinase of NONO and that the signalling axis of USP11‐NONO is significantly involved in melanoma proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifu Feng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Dai
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Neng Ling
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Siyuan Qiu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiantian Xie
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinglei Chen
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Michael J Donovan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianhuan Peng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhui Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, China
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22
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Liu K, Qiu D, Liang X, Huang Y, Zhao J, Qiu X, Zhang Q, Xiao ZD, Qin Y. Human DUBs' gene expression and regulation in antiviral signaling in response to poly (I:C) treatment. Mol Immunol 2020; 129:45-52. [PMID: 33278678 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) play a central role in host defense against viral infection. Multiple posttranslational modifications including ubiquitination and deubiquitination regulate the function of diverse molecules in type I IFN signaling. Many ubiquitin ligase enzymes, such as those of the TRAF and TRIM families, have been shown to participate in the production of type I IFNs and inflammatory cytokines. However, the function of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), a protein family that counteracts the action of protein ubiquitination, on the regulation of antiviral immune responses is not well understood. In this study, we used the broad-spectrum DUB inhibitor G5 to reveal their function in antiviral signaling, and then systematically analyzed mRNA expression of the DUB genes upon poly (I:C) treatment in THP-1 cells. Based on this analysis, we cloned some DUB genes whose expression changed and determined their function in antiviral signaling. Taken together, we present a comprehensive DUB gene expression analysis in THP-1 cells, and suggest the involvement of this family of proteins in the regulation of host antiviral activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Liu
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, Biotherapy center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongbo Qiu
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, Biotherapy center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqi Huang
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, Biotherapy center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, Biotherapy center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiusheng Qiu
- Vaccine Research Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, Biotherapy center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhen-Dong Xiao
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, Biotherapy center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yunfei Qin
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, Biotherapy center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.
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23
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Dwane L, O'Connor AE, Das S, Moran B, Mulrane L, Pinto-Fernandez A, Ward E, Blümel AM, Cavanagh BL, Mooney B, Dirac AM, Jirström K, Kessler BM, Ní Chonghaile T, Bernards R, Gallagher WM, O'Connor DP. A Functional Genomic Screen Identifies the Deubiquitinase USP11 as a Novel Transcriptional Regulator of ERα in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5076-5088. [PMID: 33004351 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 70% of breast cancers express estrogen receptor α (ERα) and depend on this key transcriptional regulator for proliferation and differentiation. While patients with this disease can be treated with targeted antiendocrine agents, drug resistance remains a significant issue, with almost half of patients ultimately relapsing. Elucidating the mechanisms that control ERα function may further our understanding of breast carcinogenesis and reveal new therapeutic opportunities. Here, we investigated the role of deubiquitinases (DUB) in regulating ERα in breast cancer. An RNAi loss-of-function screen in breast cancer cells targeting all DUBs identified USP11 as a regulator of ERα transcriptional activity, which was further validated by assessment of direct transcriptional targets of ERα. USP11 expression was induced by estradiol, an effect that was blocked by tamoxifen and not observed in ERα-negative cells. Mass spectrometry revealed a significant change to the proteome and ubiquitinome in USP11-knockdown (KD) cells in the presence of estradiol. RNA sequencing in LCC1 USP11-KD cells revealed significant suppression of cell-cycle-associated and ERα target genes, phenotypes that were not observed in LCC9 USP11-KD, antiendocrine-resistant cells. In a breast cancer patient cohort coupled with in silico analysis of publicly available cohorts, high expression of USP11 was significantly associated with poor survival in ERα-positive (ERα+) patients. Overall, this study highlights a novel role for USP11 in the regulation of ERα activity, where USP11 may represent a prognostic marker in ERα+ breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: A newly identified role for USP11 in ERα transcriptional activity represents a novel mechanism of ERα regulation and a pathway to be exploited for the management of ER-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Dwane
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling E O'Connor
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sudipto Das
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bruce Moran
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laoighse Mulrane
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adan Pinto-Fernandez
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elspeth Ward
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna M Blümel
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brenton L Cavanagh
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Mooney
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annette M Dirac
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Jirström
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tríona Ní Chonghaile
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - William M Gallagher
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Darran P O'Connor
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
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24
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Huang X, Zhang X, Xu J, Wang X, Zhang G, Tang T, Shen X, Liang T, Bai X. Deubiquitinating Enzyme: A Potential Secondary Checkpoint of Cancer Immunity. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1289. [PMID: 32850399 PMCID: PMC7426525 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of cancer immunotherapy depends on the fine interplay between tumoral immune checkpoints and host immune system. However, the up-to-date clinical performance of checkpoint blockers in cancer therapy revealed that higher-level regulation should be further investigated for better therapeutic outcomes. It is becoming increasingly evident that the expression of immune checkpoints is largely associated to the immunotherapeutic response and consequent prognosis. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) with their role of cleaving ubiquitin from proteins and other molecules, thus reversing ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation, modulate multiple cellular processes, including, but not limited to, transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, tissue development, and antiviral response. Accumulating evidence indicates that DUBs also have the critical influence on anticancer immunity, simply by stabilizing pivotal checkpoints or key regulators of T-cell functions. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge about DUBs, highlights the secondary checkpoint-like role of DUBs in cancer immunity, in particular their direct effects on the stability control of pivotal checkpoints and key regulators of T-cell functions, and suggests the therapeutic potential of DUBs-based strategy in targeted immunotherapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochao Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Tian T, Bi H, Liu Y, Li G, Zhang Y, Cao L, Hu F, Zhao Y, Yuan H. Copy number variation of ubiquitin- specific proteases genes in blood leukocytes and colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:637-646. [PMID: 32364424 PMCID: PMC7515516 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1750860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) play important roles in the regulation of many cancer-related biological processes. USPs copy number variation (CNVs) may affect the risk and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). We detected CNVs of USPs genes in 468 matched CRC patients and controls, estimated the associations between the USPs genes CNVs and CRC risk and prognosis and their interactions with environmental factors on CRC risk. Finally, we generated five CRC risk predictive models with different CNVs patterns combining with environmental factors (EF). We identified significant association between CYLD deletion and CRC risk (ORadj = 4.18, 95% CI: 2.03-8.62), significant association between USP9X amplification and CRC risk (ORadj = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.48-3.57), and significant association between USP11 deletion and CRC risk (ORadj = 3.49, 95% CI: 1.49-8.64). There were significant gene-environment and gene-gene interactions on CRC risk. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of EF + SIG (deletion of CYLD and USP11, amplification of USP9X) model was significantly larger than any other models (AUC = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.74-0.77). We did not identify significant associations between CNVs of the three genes and CRC prognosis. CNVs of CYLD, USP9X, and USP11 are significantly associated with the risk of CRC. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions might also play an important role in the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Bi
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Guangxiao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Liming Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Fulan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
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26
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Zhang C, Xie C, Wang X, Huang Y, Gao S, Lu J, Lu Y, Zhang S. Aberrant USP11 expression regulates NF90 to promote proliferation and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1416-1428. [PMID: 32509388 PMCID: PMC7269773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11) plays an important role in cellular function by regulating the stability of its substrates. USP11 is dysregulated in many types of cancer and involved in tumor development and progression. We previously showed that USP11 was upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and promoted HCC cell invasion and metastasis potency. However, the mechanism underlying the role of USP11 in HCC cell metastasis and its function in cell proliferation remain unknown. Here, CCK-8, soft agar assays and nude mouse models showed that USP11 was essential for HCC cells survival and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Results form mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, and ubiquitination assays demonstrated that USP11 interacted with nuclear factor 90 (NF90) and promoted its deubiquitination, thereby stabilizing it in HCC cells. Moreover, the effect of USP11 on promoting HCC cells proliferation and metastasis was dependent on NF90, and USP11 expression was positively correlated with NF90 expression in human HCC tissues, as demonstrated via immunohistochemistry. Collectively, the present findings indicated that USP11 binded to and deubiquitinated NF90, thereby stabilizing the protein expression level and promoting HCC cell proliferation and metastasis. NF90 was identified as an important downstream target of USP11. Dysregulated signaling of this novel USP11/NF90 axis might promote HCC proliferation and metastasis, and the axis could be a potential therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmao Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361004, China
| | - Chengrong Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361004, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361004, China
| | - Yayu Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhou 362000, China
| | - Shaoyang Gao
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430079, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361004, China
| | - Yuyan Lu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361004, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430079, China
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27
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Sarodaya N, Karapurkar J, Kim KS, Hong SH, Ramakrishna S. The Role of Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Hematopoiesis and Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1103. [PMID: 32354135 PMCID: PMC7281754 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are responsible for the production of blood cells throughout the human lifespan. Single HSCs can give rise to at least eight distinct blood-cell lineages. Together, hematopoiesis, erythropoiesis, and angiogenesis coordinate several biological processes, i.e., cellular interactions during development and proliferation, guided migration, lineage programming, and reprogramming by transcription factors. Any dysregulation of these processes can result in hematological disorders and/or malignancies. Several studies of the molecular mechanisms governing HSC maintenance have demonstrated that protein regulation by the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway is crucial for normal HSC function. Recent studies have shown that reversal of ubiquitination by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) plays an equally important role in hematopoiesis; however, information regarding the biological function of DUBs is limited. In this review, we focus on recent discoveries about the physiological roles of DUBs in hematopoiesis, erythropoiesis, and angiogenesis and discuss the DUBs associated with common hematological disorders and malignancies, which are potential therapeutic drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sarodaya
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (N.S.); (J.K.); (K.-S.K.)
| | - Janardhan Karapurkar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (N.S.); (J.K.); (K.-S.K.)
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (N.S.); (J.K.); (K.-S.K.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (N.S.); (J.K.); (K.-S.K.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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28
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The role of DUBs in the post-translational control of cell migration. Essays Biochem 2019; 63:579-594. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCell migration is a multifactorial/multistep process that requires the concerted action of growth and transcriptional factors, motor proteins, extracellular matrix remodeling and proteases. In this review, we focus on the role of transcription factors modulating Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT-TFs), a fundamental process supporting both physiological and pathological cell migration. These EMT-TFs (Snail1/2, Twist1/2 and Zeb1/2) are labile proteins which should be stabilized to initiate EMT and provide full migratory and invasive properties. We present here a family of enzymes, the deubiquitinases (DUBs) which have a crucial role in counteracting polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of EMT-TFs after their induction by TGFβ, inflammatory cytokines and hypoxia. We also describe the DUBs promoting the stabilization of Smads, TGFβ receptors and other key proteins involved in transduction pathways controlling EMT.
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29
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Parkin facilitates proteasome inhibitor-induced apoptosis via suppression of NF-κB activity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:719. [PMID: 31558697 PMCID: PMC6763437 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1881-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is a tight homeostatic control mechanism of intracellular protein degradation and turnover involved in many human diseases. Proteasome inhibitors were initially developed as anticancer agents with potential benefits in the suppression of tumor growth. However, clinical trials of patients with solid tumors fail to demonstrate the same efficacy of these proteasome inhibitors. Here, we show that Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is implicated in tumorigenesis and therapy resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults. Lower Parkin expression correlates with poor survival in patients with HCC. Ectopic Parkin expression enhances proteasome inhibitor-induced apoptosis and tumor suppression in HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, knockdown of Parkin expression promotes apoptosis resistance and tumor growth. Mechanistically, Parkin promotes TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 2 and TRAF6 degradation and thus facilitates nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) inhibition, which finally results in apoptosis. These findings reveal a direct molecular link between Parkin and protein degradation in the control of the NF-κB pathway and may provide a novel UPS-dependent strategy for the treatment of HCC by induction of apoptosis.
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30
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Young MJ, Hsu KC, Lin TE, Chang WC, Hung JJ. The role of ubiquitin-specific peptidases in cancer progression. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:42. [PMID: 31133011 PMCID: PMC6537419 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is an important mechanism for regulating the activity and levels of proteins under physiological conditions. Loss of regulation by protein ubiquitination leads to various diseases, such as cancer. Two types of enzymes, namely, E1/E2/E3 ligases and deubiquitinases, are responsible for controlling protein ubiquitination. The ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs) are the main members of the deubiquitinase family. Many studies have addressed the roles of USPs in various diseases. An increasing number of studies have indicated that USPs are critical for cancer progression, and some USPs have been used as targets to develop inhibitors for cancer prevention. Herein we collect and organize most of the recent studies on the roles of USPs in cancer progression and discuss the development of USP inhibitors for cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jer Young
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tony Eight Lin
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Jong Hung
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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31
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Poulsen LLC, Englund ALM, Wissing MLM, Yding Andersen C, Borup R, Grøndahl ML. Human granulosa cells function as innate immune cells executing an inflammatory reaction during ovulation: a microarray analysis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 486:34-46. [PMID: 30802528 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovulation has been compared to a local inflammatory reaction. We performed an in silico study on a unique, PCR validated, transcriptome microarray study to evaluate if known inflammatory mechanisms operate during ovulation. The granulosa cells were obtained in paired samples at two different time points during ovulation (just before and 36 hours after ovulation induction) from nine women receiving fertility treatment. A total of 259 genes related to inflammation became significantly upregulated during ovulation (2-80 fold, p<0.05), while specific leukocyte markers were absent. The genes and pathway analysis indicated NF-KB-, MAPK- and JAK/STAT signalling (p<1.0E-10) as the major pathways involved in danger recognition and cytokine signalling to initiate inflammation. Upregulated genes further encoded enzymes in eicosanoid production, chemo-attractants, coagulation factors, cell proliferation factors involved in tissue repair, and anti-inflammatory factors to resolve the inflammation again. We conclude that granulosa cells, without involvement from the innate immune system, can orchestrate ovulation as a complete sterile inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv la Cour Poulsen
- Zealand Fertility Clinic, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 14, 4600, Køge, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Rehannah Borup
- Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Marie Louise Grøndahl
- Herlev Fertility Clinic, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
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32
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Park MK, Yao Y, Xia W, Setijono SR, Kim JH, Vila IK, Chiu HH, Wu Y, Billalabeitia EG, Lee MG, Kalb RG, Hung MC, Pandolfi PP, Song SJ, Song MS. PTEN self-regulates through USP11 via the PI3K-FOXO pathway to stabilize tumor suppression. Nat Commun 2019; 10:636. [PMID: 30733438 PMCID: PMC6367354 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08481-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN is a lipid phosphatase that antagonizes the PI3K/AKT pathway and is recognized as a major dose-dependent tumor suppressor. The cellular mechanisms that control PTEN levels therefore offer potential routes to therapy, but these are as yet poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that PTEN plays an unexpected role in regulating its own stability through the transcriptional upregulation of the deubiquitinase USP11 by the PI3K/FOXO pathway, and further show that this feedforward mechanism is implicated in its tumor-suppressive role, as mice lacking Usp11 display increased susceptibility to PTEN-dependent tumor initiation, growth and metastasis. Notably, USP11 is downregulated in cancer patients, and correlates with PTEN expression and FOXO nuclear localization. Our findings therefore demonstrate that PTEN-PI3K-FOXO-USP11 constitute the regulatory feedforward loop that improves the stability and tumor suppressive activity of PTEN. PTEN is a lipid phosphatase that functions as a dose-dependent tumor suppressor through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Here the authors describe a signaling feedback mechanism where PTEN stability is regulated through transcriptional upregulation of X-linked ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11) via the PI3K/FOXO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyung Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yixin Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Weiya Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stephanie Rebecca Setijono
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Houston, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Isabelle K Vila
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hui-Hsuan Chiu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Enrique González Billalabeitia
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer-IMIB, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia-UCAM, Murcia, 30007, Spain
| | - Min Gyu Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert G Kalb
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Su Jung Song
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31151, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Sup Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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33
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Kim SY, Baek KH. TGF-β signaling pathway mediated by deubiquitinating enzymes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:653-665. [PMID: 30349992 PMCID: PMC11105597 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a reversible cellular process mediated by ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, whereas deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) detach the covalently conjugated ubiquitin from target substrates to counter ubiquitination. DUBs play a crucial role in regulating various signal transduction pathways and biological processes including apoptosis, cell proliferation, DNA damage repair, metastasis, differentiation, etc. Since the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway participates in various cellular functions such as inflammation, metastasis and embryogenesis, aberrant regulation of TGF-β signaling induces abnormal cellular functions resulting in numerous diseases. This review focuses on DUBs regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of DUBs involved in TGF-β signaling pathway, and biological and therapeutic implications for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Zhang S, Xie C, Li H, Zhang K, Li J, Wang X, Yin Z. Ubiquitin-specific protease 11 serves as a marker of poor prognosis and promotes metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2018; 98:883-894. [PMID: 29545598 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that exerts its biological functions by regulating multiple signaling pathways such as p53, NF-κB, TGF-β, and Hippo. A large body of evidence supports a link between UPS11 and tumorigenesis. However, the clinical significance and biological function of USP11 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Here, USP11 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in a pilot series of 71 HCC clinical samples, and the association between USP11 expression and clinicopathological features and overall survival time was analyzed. The cytoplasmic expression rate of USP11 was higher in non-cancerous tissue than that in cancer tissue (36.6 vs. 12.7%, P = 0.001), whereas the nuclear expression rate of USP11 was lower in non-cancerous tissue (5.6 vs. 69.0%, P < 0.001). USP11 expression level was higher in tumor than that in non-tumor tissue (P < 0.001). Chi-square analysis of variances suggested that USP11 expression was associated with vascular invasion (P = 0.033), differentiation (P = 0.027), tumor number (P = 0.009), and recurrence (P = 0.036). USP11 expression was also associated with shorter overall survival time (P = 0.001) by log-rank test. Unconditional logistic regression analysis with multiple covariates indicated that high USP11 expression was associated with a 2.96-fold increase in the risk of death compared with low USP11 levels (P = 0.041) and acted as an independent predictor of overall survival. HCC patients with simultaneously high USP11 and alpha-fetoprotein expression had an adjusted 5-fold higher risk of all-cause-related death (P = 0.006). Moreover, in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that USP11 could promote the migration and invasion of HCC cell. Overall, we suggest that USP11 promotes HCC cell metastasis, and we provide the first evidence of the prognostic significance of USP11 expression in HCC, which suggests that USP11 is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Xiamen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital), 361004, Xiamen, China. .,Xiamen Translational Medical Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, 361004, Xiamen, China.
| | - Chengrong Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Xiamen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital), 361004, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Translational Medical Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, 361004, Xiamen, China
| | - Honghe Li
- Research Center for Medical Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Xiamen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital), 361004, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Translational Medical Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, 361004, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Xiamen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital), 361004, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Translational Medical Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, 361004, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Xiamen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital), 361004, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Translational Medical Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, 361004, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Xiamen University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital), 361004, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Translational Medical Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, 361004, Xiamen, China
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35
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Kaushal K, Antao AM, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. Deubiquitinating enzymes in cancer stem cells: functions and targeted inhibition for cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1974-1982. [PMID: 29864528 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability of cancers to evade conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, has been attributed to a subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are regulated by mechanisms similar to those that regulate normal stem cells (NSCs), including processes involving ubiquitination and deubiquitination enzymes (DUBs) that regulate the expression of various factors, such as Notch, Wnt, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), and Hippo. In this review, we discuss the roles of various DUBs involved in the regulation of core stem cell transcription factors and CSC-related proteins that are implicated in the modulation of cellular processes and carcinogenesis. In addition, we discuss the various DUB inhibitors that have been designed to target processes relevant to cancer and CSC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Kaushal
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ainsley Mike Antao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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36
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Deubiquitylation and stabilization of p21 by USP11 is critical for cell-cycle progression and DNA damage responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:4678-4683. [PMID: 29666278 PMCID: PMC5939064 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714938115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that p21 occupies a central position in cell-cycle regulation and DNA damage responses. As an unstable protein, the regulation of p21 stability has been extensively investigated over the past 20 years. Although p21 degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway has been well characterized, it is unclear whether ubiquitylated p21 can be recycled. Here, we identify USP11 as a deubiquitylase that directly removes p21 polyubiquitylation and stabilizes p21 protein, revealing that cellular p21 protein is finely regulated by a dynamic balance of USP11-mediated stabilization and proteasome-mediated degradation. Meanwhile, we also provide evidence that the USP11-p21 axis plays a crucial role in G1/S transition under physiological conditions and in regulating the balance between cytostasis and apoptosis. p21WAF1/CIP1 is a broad-acting cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Its stability is essential for proper cell-cycle progression and cell fate decision. Ubiquitylation by the multiple E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes is the major regulatory mechanism of p21, which induces p21 degradation. However, it is unclear whether ubiquitylated p21 can be recycled. In this study, we report USP11 as a deubiquitylase of p21. In the nucleus, USP11 binds to p21, catalyzes the removal of polyubiquitin chains conjugated onto p21, and stabilizes p21 protein. As a result, USP11 reverses p21 polyubiquitylation and degradation mediated by SCFSKP2, CRL4CDT2, and APC/CCDC20 in a cell-cycle–independent manner. Loss of USP11 causes the destabilization of p21 and induces the G1/S transition in unperturbed cells. Furthermore, p21 accumulation mediated by DNA damage is completely abolished in cells depleted of USP11, which results in abrogation of the G2 checkpoint and induction of apoptosis. Functionally, USP11-mediated stabilization of p21 inhibits cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in vivo. These findings reveal an important mechanism by which p21 can be stabilized by direct deubiquitylation, and they pinpoint a crucial role of the USP11-p21 axis in regulating cell-cycle progression and DNA damage responses.
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37
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Courtois G, Fauvarque MO. The Many Roles of Ubiquitin in NF-κB Signaling. Biomedicines 2018; 6:E43. [PMID: 29642643 PMCID: PMC6027159 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway ubiquitously controls cell growth and survival in basic conditions as well as rapid resetting of cellular functions following environment changes or pathogenic insults. Moreover, its deregulation is frequently observed during cell transformation, chronic inflammation or autoimmunity. Understanding how it is properly regulated therefore is a prerequisite to managing these adverse situations. Over the last years evidence has accumulated showing that ubiquitination is a key process in NF-κB activation and its resolution. Here, we examine the various functions of ubiquitin in NF-κB signaling and more specifically, how it controls signal transduction at the molecular level and impacts in vivo on NF-κB regulated cellular processes.
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38
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Kapadia B, Nanaji NM, Bhalla K, Bhandary B, Lapidus R, Beheshti A, Evens AM, Gartenhaus RB. Fatty Acid Synthase induced S6Kinase facilitates USP11-eIF4B complex formation for sustained oncogenic translation in DLBCL. Nat Commun 2018; 9:829. [PMID: 29483509 PMCID: PMC5827760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered lipid metabolism and aberrant protein translation are strongly associated with cancerous outgrowth; however, the inter-regulation of these key processes is still underexplored in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Although fatty acid synthase (FASN) activity is reported to positively correlate with PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway that can modulate protein synthesis, the precise impact of FASN inhibition on this process is still unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that attenuating FASN expression or its activity significantly reduces eIF4B (eukaryotic initiation factor 4B) levels and consequently overall protein translation. Through biochemical studies, we identified eIF4B as a bonafide substrate of USP11, which stabilizes and enhances eIF4B activity. Employing both pharmacological and genetic approaches, we establish that FASN-induced PI3K-S6Kinase signaling phosphorylates USP11 enhancing its interaction with eIF4B and thereby promoting oncogenic translation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Eukaryotic Initiation Factors/genetics
- Eukaryotic Initiation Factors/metabolism
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/genetics
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lipid Metabolism/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Binding
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases/genetics
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Thiolester Hydrolases/genetics
- Thiolester Hydrolases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandish Kapadia
- Department of Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Nahid M Nanaji
- Department of Veteran Affairs, Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kavita Bhalla
- Department of Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Binny Bhandary
- Department of Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Rena Lapidus
- Department of Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Andrew M Evens
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Ronald B Gartenhaus
- Department of Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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39
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Wang X, Liu Z, Zhang L, Yang Z, Chen X, Luo J, Zhou Z, Mei X, Yu X, Shao Z, Feng Y, Fu S, Zhang Z, Wei D, Jia L, Ma J, Guo X. Targeting deubiquitinase USP28 for cancer therapy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:186. [PMID: 29415985 PMCID: PMC5833459 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most important post-translational modifications, ubiquitination plays versatile roles in cancer-related pathways, and is involved in protein metabolism, cell-cycle progression, apoptosis, and transcription. Counteracting the activities of the E3 ligases, the deubiquitylating enzymes have been suggested as another important mechanism to modulate the ubiquitination process, and are implicated in cancer as well. In this article, we review the emerging roles of USP28 in cancer pathways as revealed by recent studies. We discuss the major mechanisms by which USP28 is involved in the cancer-related pathways, whereby USP28 regulates physiological homeostasis of ubiquitination process, DNA-damage response, and cell cycle during genotoxic stress. We further review the studies where USP28 was targeted for treating multiples cancers including non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, intestinal cancers, gliomas, and bladder cancer. As a result, the clinical significance of targeting USP28 for cancer therapy merits further exploration and demonstration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhaozhi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jurui Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhirui Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Mei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhimin Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shen Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dongping Wei
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Lijun Jia
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinli Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiaomao Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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40
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Liu Y, Tan X, Liu W, Chen X, Hou X, Shen D, Ding Y, Yin J, Wang L, Zhang H, Yu Y, Hou J, Thompson TC, Cao G. Follistatin-like protein 1 plays a tumor suppressor role in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2018; 37:2. [PMID: 29357946 PMCID: PMC5778637 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that the expression of follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) was significantly down-regulated in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In this study, we aimed to characterize the role of FSTL1 in the development of ccRCC. METHODS The effects of FSTL1 on cell activity and cell cycle were investigated in ccRCC cell lines with altered FSTL1 expression. Gene expression microarray assays were performed to identify the major signaling pathways affected by FSTL1 knockdown. The expression of FSTL1 in ccRCC and its effect on postoperative prognosis were estimated in a cohort with 89 patients. RESULTS FSTL1 knockdown promoted anchorage-independent growth, migration, invasion, and cell cycle of ccRCC cell lines, whereas FSTL1 overexpression attenuated cell migration. FSTL1 knockdown up-regulated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathways, increased epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, up-regulated interleukin-6 expression, and promoted tumor necrosis factor-α-induced degradation of NF-κB inhibitor (IκBα) in ccRCC cell lines. FSTL1 immunostaining was selectively positive in epithelial cytoplasm in the loop of Henle, and positive rate of FSTL1 was significantly lower in ccRCC tissues than in adjacent renal tissues (P < 0.001). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the intratumoral FSTL1 expression conferred a favorable independent prognosis with a hazard ratio of 0.325 (95% confidence interval 0.118-0.894). HIF-2α expression was negatively correlated with FSTL1 expression in ccRCC specimens (r = - 0.229, P = 0.044). Intratumoral expression of HIF-2α, rather than HIF-1α, significantly predicted an unfavorable prognosis in ccRCC (log-rank, P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS FSTL1 plays a tumor suppression role possibly via repressing the NF-κB and HIF-2α signaling pathways. To increase FSTL1 expression might be a candidate therapeutic strategy for metastatic ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Tan
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Dan Shen
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yongwei Yu
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Hou
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Timothy C Thompson
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology-Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.
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41
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Stockum A, Snijders AP, Maertens GN. USP11 deubiquitinates RAE1 and plays a key role in bipolar spindle formation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190513. [PMID: 29293652 PMCID: PMC5749825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct segregation of the mitotic chromosomes into daughter cells is a highly regulated process critical to safeguard genome stability. During M phase the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) ensures that all kinetochores are correctly attached before its inactivation allows progression into anaphase. Upon SAC inactivation, the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) E3 ligase ubiquitinates and targets cyclin B and securin for proteasomal degradation. Here, we describe the identification of Ribonucleic Acid Export protein 1 (RAE1), a protein previously shown to be involved in SAC regulation and bipolar spindle formation, as a novel substrate of the deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) Ubiquitin Specific Protease 11 (USP11). Lentiviral knock-down of USP11 or RAE1 in U2OS cells drastically reduces cell proliferation and increases multipolar spindle formation. We show that USP11 is associated with the mitotic spindle, does not regulate SAC inactivation, but controls ubiquitination of RAE1 at the mitotic spindle, hereby functionally modulating its interaction with Nuclear Mitotic Apparatus protein (NuMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stockum
- Imperial College London, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Norfolk Place, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ambrosius P. Snijders
- Francis Crick Institute, The Crick Mass Spectrometry Science Technology Platform, 1 Midland Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Goedele N. Maertens
- Imperial College London, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Norfolk Place, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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42
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Shah P, Qiang L, Yang S, Soltani K, He YY. Regulation of XPC deubiquitination by USP11 in repair of UV-induced DNA damage. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96522-96535. [PMID: 29228550 PMCID: PMC5722502 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the most versatile DNA repair pathway for removing DNA damage caused by UV radiation and many environmental carcinogens. NER is essential for suppressing tumorigenesis in the skin, lungs and brain. Although the core NER proteins have been identified and characterized, molecular regulation of NER remains poorly understood. Here we show that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 11 (USP11) positively regulates NER by deubiquitinating xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) and promoting its retention at the DNA damage sites. In addition, UV irradiation induces both USP11 recruitment to the chromatin and USP11 interaction with XPC in an XPC-ubiquitination-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that USP11 is down-regulated in chronically UV-exposed mouse skin and in skin tumors from mice and humans. Our findings indicate that USP11 plays an important role in maintaining NER capacity, and suggest that USP11 acts as a tumor suppressor via its role in DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Shah
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lei Qiang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Seungwon Yang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Keyoumars Soltani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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43
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Lawson AP, Bak DW, Shannon DA, Long MJC, Vijaykumar T, Yu R, Oualid FE, Weerapana E, Hedstrom L. Identification of deubiquitinase targets of isothiocyanates using SILAC-assisted quantitative mass spectrometry. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51296-51316. [PMID: 28881649 PMCID: PMC5584250 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and kale have well documented chemopreventative and anticancer effects that are attributed to the presence of isothiocyanates (ITCs). ITCs modulate the levels of many oncogenic proteins, but the molecular mechanisms of ITC action are not understood. We previously reported that phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) inhibits two deubiquitinases (DUBs), USP9x and UCH37. DUBs regulate many cellular processes and DUB dysregulation is linked to the pathogenesis of human diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, and inflammation. Using SILAC assisted quantitative mass spectrometry, here we identify 9 new PEITC-DUB targets: USP1, USP3, USP10, USP11, USP16, USP22, USP40, USP48 and VCPIP1. Seven of these PEITC-sensitive DUBs have well-recognized roles in DNA repair or chromatin remodeling. PEITC both inhibits USP1 and increases its ubiquitination and degradation, thus decreasing USP1 activity by two mechanisms. The loss of USP1 activity increases the level of mono-ubiquitinated DNA clamp PCNA, impairing DNA repair. Both the inhibition/degradation of USP1 and the increase in mono-ubiquitinated PCNA are new activities for PEITC that can explain the previously recognized ability of ITCs to enhance cancer cell sensitivity to cisplatin treatment. Our work also demonstrates that PEITC reduces the mono-ubiquityl histones H2A and H2B. Understanding the mechanism of action of ITCs should facilitate their use as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann P Lawson
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA
| | - Daniel W Bak
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3860, USA
| | - D Alexander Shannon
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3860, USA
| | - Marcus J C Long
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Biophysics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA.,Current address: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Tushara Vijaykumar
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA.,Current address: Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Runhan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA
| | | | - Eranthie Weerapana
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3860, USA
| | - Lizbeth Hedstrom
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA
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44
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Qiu GZ, Sun W, Jin MZ, Lin J, Lu PG, Jin WL. The bad seed gardener: Deubiquitinases in the cancer stem-cell signaling network and therapeutic resistance. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 172:127-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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45
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Sánchez-Sánchez J, Arévalo JC. A Review on Ubiquitination of Neurotrophin Receptors: Facts and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030630. [PMID: 28335430 PMCID: PMC5372643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a reversible post-translational modification involved in a plethora of different physiological functions. Among the substrates that are ubiquitinated, neurotrophin receptors (TrkA, TrkB, TrkC, and p75NTR) have been studied recently. TrkA is the most studied receptor in terms of its ubiquitination, and different E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases have been implicated in its ubiquitination, whereas not much is known about the other neurotrophin receptors aside from their ubiquitination. Additional studies are needed that focus on the ubiquitination of TrkB, TrkC, and p75NTR in order to further understand the role of ubiquitination in their physiological and pathological functions. Here we review what is currently known regarding the ubiquitination of neurotrophin receptors and its physiological and pathological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sánchez-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Institute of Neuroscience Castile & Leon, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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46
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Alternative exon skipping biases substrate preference of the deubiquitylase USP15 for mysterin/RNF213, the moyamoya disease susceptibility factor. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44293. [PMID: 28276505 PMCID: PMC5343593 DOI: 10.1038/srep44293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The deubiquitylating enzyme USP15 plays significant roles in multiple cellular pathways including TGF-β signaling, RNA splicing, and innate immunity. Evolutionarily conserved skipping of exon 7 occurs during transcription of the mRNAs encoding USP15 and its paralogue USP4, yielding two major isoforms for each gene. Exon 7 of USP15 encodes a serine-rich stretch of 29 amino acid residues located in the inter-region linker that connects the N-terminal putative regulatory region and the C-terminal enzymatic region. Previous findings suggested that the variation in the linker region leads to functional differences between the isoforms of the two deubiquitylating enzymes, but to date no direct evidence regarding such functional divergence has been published. We found that the long isoform of USP15 predominantly recognizes and deubiquitylates mysterin, a large ubiquitin ligase associated with the onset of moyamoya disease. This observation represents the first experimental evidence that the conserved exon skipping alters the substrate specificity of this class of deubiquitylating enzymes. In addition, we found that the interactomes of the short and long isoforms of USP15 only partially overlapped. Thus, USP15, a key gene in multiple cellular processes, generates two functionally different isoforms via evolutionarily conserved exon skipping.
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47
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Su ZJ, Cao JS, Wu YF, Chen WN, Lin X, Wu YL, Lin X. Deubiquitylation of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) by ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 (USP15) increases HBx stability and its transactivation activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40246. [PMID: 28074857 PMCID: PMC5225491 DOI: 10.1038/srep40246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) plays important roles in viral replication and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. HBx is a rapid turnover protein and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway has been suggested to influence HBx stability as treatment with proteasome inhibitors increases the levels of HBx protein and causes accumulation of the polyubiquitinated forms of HBx. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are known to act by removing ubiquitin moieties from proteins and thereby reverse their stability and/or activity. However, no information is available regarding the involvement of DUBs in regulation of ubiquitylation-dependent proteasomal degradation of HBx protein. This study identified the deubiquitylating enzyme USP15 as a critical regulator of HBx protein level. USP15 was found to directly interact with HBx via binding to the HBx region between amino acid residues 51 and 80. USP15 increased HBx protein levels in a dose-dependent manner and siRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous USP15 reduced HBx protein levels. Increased HBx stability and steady-state level by USP15 were attributable to reduced HBx ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Importantly, the transcriptional transactivation function of HBx is enhanced by overexpression of USP15. These results suggest that USP15 plays an essential role in stabilizing HBx and subsequently affects the biological function of HBx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Su
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jia-Shou Cao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wan-Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinjian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun-Li Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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48
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Zhou Z, Luo A, Shrivastava I, He M, Huang Y, Bahar I, Liu Z, Wan Y. Regulation of XIAP Turnover Reveals a Role for USP11 in Promotion of Tumorigenesis. EBioMedicine 2016; 15:48-61. [PMID: 28040451 PMCID: PMC5233825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging regulatory role of deubiquitinases (DUBs) has been implicated in various fundamental processes and pathogenesis. To determine the pivotal role that DUBs play in mediating tumorigenesis, we have performed a non-biased screen of 67 human DUBs based on a mammary cell transformation assay. This led to the identification of USP11 as a critical determinant of mammary tumor initiation and progression. Using an approach of protein complex purification coupled with mass spectrometry, we further identified XIAP to be a target for USP11. We demonstrated that, while depletion of XIAP attenuates cell transformation, elevated USP11 significantly promotes the tumor colony formation through stabilization of XIAP. Molecular modeling coupled with mutagenesis analyses further revealed that Leu207 on the BIR2 domain of XIAP facilitates its interaction with USP11. Stabilization of XIAP due to its deubiquitylation by USP11 leads to the inhibition of cell anoikis and apoptosis, which in turn promotes tumorigenesis. Finally, immunohistochemical staining revealed that aberrant accumulation of USP11 correlates with elevated levels of XIAP in breast cancer tissues. We therefore propose that aberrant USP11, via stabilization of XIAP, promotes tumor initiation and progression. Identification of USP11 as a pivotal player in promoting tumorigenesis via a non-biased screening of deubiquitinase library. Identification of XIAP as a substrate for USP11 using a TAP-protein complex purification coupled with mass spectrometry. Stabilization of XIAP by USP11 leads to inhibition of anoikis and apoptosis that in turn promotes tumor cell survival.
Targeting ubiquitin-proteasome pathway becomes an emerging strategy to develop anti-cancer treatment. The impact of deubiquitinase in counteracting ubiquitylation and regulating tumorigenesis has recently drawn our attention. To systematically evaluate the role of deubiquitinases in human genome in regulating mammary tumorigenesis, we have conducted a non-biased screening of deubiquitinases library with examination of individual deubiquitinase in predisposing normal mammary gland cell into cancer cell. Our endeavor leads to identification of USP11 as a pivotal player that promotes mammary tumor formation. Our molecular characterization has further revealed that stabilization of XIAP by USP11 results in the inhibition of cancer cell death thereby promoting tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Aiping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Indira Shrivastava
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213, United States
| | - Mingjing He
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; National Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yi Huang
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213, United States
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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49
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Zhang E, Shen B, Mu X, Qin Y, Zhang F, Liu Y, Xiao J, Zhang P, Wang C, Tan M, Fan Y. Ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11) functions as a tumor suppressor through deubiquitinating and stabilizing VGLL4 protein. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:2901-2909. [PMID: 28042509 PMCID: PMC5199763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
VGLL4 is a transcriptional repressor that interacts with transcription factors TEADs and inhibits YAP-induced overgrowth and tumorigenesis. VGLL4 protein was dramatically reduced in various types of human cancers. But how VGLL4 protein is post-transcriptional regulated is poorly understood. In this study, we identify deubiquitinating enzyme USP11 as a novel VGLL4 interactor. We reveal that the USP domain of USP11 and the N-terminal region of VGLL4 are required for mutual binding. USP11 controls VGLL4 protein stability by promoting its deubiquitination. Furthermore, our results show that knockdown of USP11 promotes cell growth, migration, and invasion in a YAP-dependent manner. Together, our results suggest that USP11 may exert its tumor suppressor role by modulating VGLL4/YAP-TEADs regulatory loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Mu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiantao Xiao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Pingzhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chenji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Mingyue Tan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
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50
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Jin WL, Mao XY, Qiu GZ. Targeting Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Glioblastoma Multiforme: Expectations and Challenges. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:627-661. [PMID: 27775833 DOI: 10.1002/med.21421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is regarded as the most common primary intracranial neoplasm. Despite standard treatment with tumor resection and radiochemotherapy, the outcome remains gloomy. It is evident that a combination of oncogenic gain of function and tumor-suppressive loss of function has been attributed to glioma initiation and progression. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a well-orchestrated system that controls the fate of most proteins by striking a dynamic balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination of substrates, having a profound influence on the modulation of oncoproteins, tumor suppressors, and cellular signaling pathways. In recent years, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have emerged as potential anti-cancer targets due to their targeting several key proteins involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy. This review attempts to summarize recent studies of GBM-associated DUBs, their roles in various cellular processes, and discuss the relation between DUBs deregulation and gliomagenesis, especially how DUBs regulate glioma stem cells pluripotency, microenvironment, and resistance of radiation and chemotherapy through core stem-cell transcriptional factors. We also review recent achievements and progress in the development of potent and selective reversible inhibitors of DUBs, and attempted to find a potential GBM treatment by DUBs intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.,National Centers for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Zhong Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, 250031, P. R. China
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