1
|
Han X, Raun SH, Carlsson M, Sjøberg KA, Henriquez-Olguín C, Ali M, Lundsgaard AM, Fritzen AM, Møller LLV, Li Z, Li J, Jensen TE, Kiens B, Sylow L. Cancer causes metabolic perturbations associated with reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in peripheral tissues and impaired muscle microvascular perfusion. Metabolism 2020; 105:154169. [PMID: 31987858 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Redirecting glucose from skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, likely benefits the tumor's energy demand to support tumor growth, as cancer patients with type 2 diabetes have 30% increased mortality rates. The aim of this study was to elucidate tissue-specific contributions and molecular mechanisms underlying cancer-induced metabolic perturbations. METHODS Glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue (WAT), as well as hepatic glucose production, were determined in control and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice using isotopic tracers. Skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion was analyzed via a real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound technique. Finally, the role of fatty acid turnover on glycemic control was determined by treating tumor-bearing insulin-resistant mice with nicotinic acid or etomoxir. RESULTS LLC tumor-bearing mice displayed reduced insulin-induced blood-glucose-lowering and glucose intolerance, which was restored by etomoxir or nicotinic acid. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was 30-40% reduced in skeletal muscle and WAT of mice carrying large tumors. Despite compromised glucose uptake, tumor-bearing mice displayed upregulated insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of TBC1D4Thr642 (+18%), AKTSer474 (+65%), and AKTThr309 (+86%) in muscle. Insulin caused a 70% increase in muscle microvascular perfusion in control mice, which was abolished in tumor-bearing mice. Additionally, tumor-bearing mice displayed increased (+45%) basal (not insulin-stimulated) hepatic glucose production. CONCLUSIONS Cancer can result in marked perturbations on at least six metabolically essential functions; i) insulin's blood-glucose-lowering effect, ii) glucose tolerance, iii) skeletal muscle and WAT insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, iv) intramyocellular insulin signaling, v) muscle microvascular perfusion, and vi) basal hepatic glucose production in mice. The mechanism causing cancer-induced insulin resistance may relate to fatty acid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Han
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen H Raun
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michala Carlsson
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim A Sjøberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlos Henriquez-Olguín
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mona Ali
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth L V Møller
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhen Li
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jinwen Li
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park S, Park MY, Song G, Lim W. Alpha-solanine inhibits cell proliferation via mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibin synthesis in mouse testis In vitro and In vivo. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:271-279. [PMID: 31260867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sertoli and Leydig cells provide key supporting roles in spermatogenesis. Various toxins have been studied in the TM3 and TM4 mouse testis cell lines to identify their regulatory effects. Alpha-solanine (α-solanine), a toxic compound found in the potato, has cytotoxic effects on various cells, including cancer cells. However, the effect of α-solanine on testis function has not been identified. In this study, we verified for the first time the anti-proliferative effect of α-solanine in mouse testes. α-Solanine reduced cell viability in TM3 and TM4 cells and reduced the expression of the cell cycle checkpoint genes Ccnd1 and Ccne1. We also detected changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and in the cytosolic calcium and intracellular signal pathways in both cell lines. α-Solanine induced AKT, P70S6K, S6, ERK1/2, and JNK activation in mouse testis cells. In addition, the inhibition of AKT with a pharmacological inhibitor (LY294002) demonstrated more synergic anti-proliferative effects than in the TM3 and TM4 cell lines treated only with α-solanine. Inha and Inhba mRNA expression also decreased in both cell lines and α-solanine i.p. injected mouse testes. Collectively, the results from this study verify the toxic effects of α-solanine on testes and male reproductive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunwoo Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Henríquez-Olguín C, Renani LB, Arab-Ceschia L, Raun SH, Bhatia A, Li Z, Knudsen JR, Holmdahl R, Jensen TE. Adaptations to high-intensity interval training in skeletal muscle require NADPH oxidase 2. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101188. [PMID: 30959461 PMCID: PMC6454063 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed as signaling molecules mediating exercise training adaptation, but the ROS source has remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate if increased NADPH oxidase (NOX)2-dependent activity during exercise is required for long-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in skeletal muscle using a mouse model lacking functional NOX2 complex due to absent p47phox (Ncf1) subunit expression (ncf1* mutation). METHODS HIIT was investigated after an acute bout of exercise and after a chronic intervention (3x/week for 6 weeks) in wild-type (WT) vs. NOX2 activity-deficient (ncf1*) mice. NOX2 activation during HIIT was measured using an electroporated genetically-encoded biosensor. Immunoblotting and single-fiber microscopy was performed to measure classical exercise-training responsive endpoints in skeletal muscle. RESULTS A single bout of HIIT increased NOX2 activity measured as p47-roGFP oxidation immediately after exercise but not 1 h or 4 h after exercise. After a 6-week HIIT regimen, improvements in maximal running capacity and some muscle training-markers responded less to HIIT in the ncf1* mice compared to WT, including superoxide dismutase 2, catalase, hexokinase II, pyruvate dehydrogenase and protein markers of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes. Strikingly, HIIT-training increased mitochondrial network area and decreased fragmentation in WT mice only. CONCLUSION This study suggests that HIIT exercise increases NOX2 activity in skeletal muscle and shows that NOX2 activity is required for specific skeletal muscle adaptations to HIIT relating to antioxidant defense, glucose metabolism, and mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henríquez-Olguín
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leila Baghersad Renani
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Lyne Arab-Ceschia
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen H Raun
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aakash Bhatia
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhencheng Li
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas R Knudsen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|