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Chen R, Zhang H, Tang B, Luo Y, Yang Y, Zhong X, Chen S, Xu X, Huang S, Liu C. Macrophages in cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:130. [PMID: 38816371 PMCID: PMC11139930 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune response holds a pivotal role in cardiovascular disease development. As multifunctional cells of the innate immune system, macrophages play an essential role in initial inflammatory response that occurs following cardiovascular injury, thereby inducing subsequent damage while also facilitating recovery. Meanwhile, the diverse phenotypes and phenotypic alterations of macrophages strongly associate with distinct types and severity of cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, valvular disease, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, atherosclerosis and aneurysm, which underscores the importance of investigating macrophage regulatory mechanisms within the context of specific diseases. Besides, recent strides in single-cell sequencing technologies have revealed macrophage heterogeneity, cell-cell interactions, and downstream mechanisms of therapeutic targets at a higher resolution, which brings new perspectives into macrophage-mediated mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases. Remarkably, myocardial fibrosis, a prevalent characteristic in most cardiac diseases, remains a formidable clinical challenge, necessitating a profound investigation into the impact of macrophages on myocardial fibrosis within the context of cardiac diseases. In this review, we systematically summarize the diverse phenotypic and functional plasticity of macrophages in regulatory mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases and unprecedented insights introduced by single-cell sequencing technologies, with a focus on different causes and characteristics of diseases, especially the relationship between inflammation and fibrosis in cardiac diseases (myocardial infarction, pressure overload, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy and cardiac aging) and the relationship between inflammation and vascular injury in vascular diseases (atherosclerosis and aneurysm). Finally, we also highlight the preclinical/clinical macrophage targeting strategies and translational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runkai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Botao Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yukun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yufei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Sifei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xinjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Shengkang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Canzhao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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Kemerley A, Gupta A, Thirunavukkarasu M, Maloney M, Burgwardt S, Maulik N. COVID-19 Associated Cardiovascular Disease-Risks, Prevention and Management: Heart at Risk Due to COVID-19. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1904-1920. [PMID: 38534740 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) virus and the resulting COVID-19 pandemic have had devastating and lasting impact on the global population. Although the main target of the disease is the respiratory tract, clinical outcomes, and research have also shown significant effects of infection on other organ systems. Of interest in this review is the effect of the virus on the cardiovascular system. Complications, including hyperinflammatory syndrome, myocarditis, and cardiac failure, have been documented in the context of COVID-19 infection. These complications ultimately contribute to worse patient outcomes, especially in patients with pre-existing conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease (CVD). Importantly and interestingly, reports have demonstrated that COVID-19 also causes myocardial injury in adults without pre-existing conditions and contributes to systemic complications in pediatric populations, such as the development of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Although there is still a debate over the exact mechanisms by which such complications arise, understanding the potential paths by which the virus can influence the cardiovascular system to create an inflammatory environment may clarify how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with human physiology. In addition to describing the mechanisms of disease propagation and patient presentation, this review discusses the diagnostic findings and treatment strategies and the evolution of management for patients presenting with cardiovascular complications, focusing on disease treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kemerley
- Department of Surgery, Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Mahesh Thirunavukkarasu
- Department of Surgery, Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Monica Maloney
- Department of Surgery, Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Sean Burgwardt
- Department of Surgery, Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Nilanjana Maulik
- Department of Surgery, Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Bao H, Wang X, Zhou H, Zhou W, Liao F, Wei F, Yang S, Luo Z, Li W. PCSK9 regulates myofibroblast transformation through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway to regulate fibrosis after myocardial infarction. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:115996. [PMID: 38154546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is pivotal in the progression of numerous cardiovascular diseases. This phenomenon is hallmarked by an excessive deposition of ECM protein secreted by myofibroblasts, leading to increased myocardial stiffness. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a serine protease that belongs to the proprotein-converting enzyme family. It has emerged as a viable therapeutic target for reducing plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, the exact mechanism via which PCSK9 impacts cardiac fibrosis remains unclear. In the present research, an increase in circulating PCSK9 protein levels was observed in individuals with myocardial infarction and rat models of myocardial infarction. Moreover, the inhibition of circulating PCSK9 in rats was found to reduce post-infarction fibrosis. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that overexpression of PCSK9 or stimulation by extracellular PCSK9 recombinant protein enhanced the transformation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. This process also elevated collagen Ⅰ, and Ⅲ, as well as α-SMA protein levels. However, these effects were countered when co-incubated with the STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201. This study suggests that PCSK9 may function as a novel regulator of myocardial fibrosis, primarily via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Bao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gui Qian International General Hospital, Guiyang 550018, Guizhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Remodeling Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Remodeling Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Remodeling Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Fujun Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Remodeling Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Remodeling Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Shiyu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gui Qian International General Hospital, Guiyang 550018, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Department of Central Lab, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Remodeling Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China.
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Smolgovsky S, Theall B, Wagner N, Alcaide P. Fibroblasts and immune cells: at the crossroad of organ inflammation and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H303-H316. [PMID: 38038714 PMCID: PMC11219060 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00545.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The immune and fibrotic responses have evolved to work in tandem to respond to pathogen clearance and promote tissue repair. However, excessive immune and fibrotic responses lead to chronic inflammation and fibrosis, respectively, both of which are key pathological drivers of organ pathophysiology. Fibroblasts and immune cells are central to these responses, and evidence of these two cell types communicating through soluble mediators or adopting functions from each other through direct contact is constantly emerging. Here, we review complex junctions of fibroblast-immune cell cross talk, such as immune cell modulation of fibroblast physiology and fibroblast acquisition of immune cell-like functions, as well as how these systems of communication contribute to organ pathophysiology. We review the concept of antigen presentation by fibroblasts among different organs with different regenerative capacities, and then focus on the inflammation-fibrosis axis in the heart in the complex syndrome of heart failure. We discuss the need to develop anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic therapies, so far unsuccessful to date, that target novel mechanisms that sit at the crossroads of the fibrotic and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Smolgovsky
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Brandon Theall
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Noah Wagner
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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5
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Jeong A, Lim Y, Kook T, Kwon DH, Cho YK, Ryu J, Lee YG, Shin S, Choe N, Kim YS, Cho HJ, Kim JC, Choi Y, Lee SJ, Kim HS, Kee HJ, Nam KI, Ahn Y, Jeong MH, Park WJ, Kim YK, Kook H. Circular RNA circSMAD4 regulates cardiac fibrosis by targeting miR-671-5p and FGFR2 in cardiac fibroblasts. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102071. [PMID: 38046397 PMCID: PMC10690640 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of death and is often accompanied by activation of quiescent cardiac myofibroblasts, which results in cardiac fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to identify novel circular RNAs that regulate cardiac fibrosis. We applied transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 1, 4, and 8 weeks in mice. RNA sequencing datasets were obtained from cardiac fibroblasts isolated by use of a Langendorff apparatus and then further processed by use of selection criteria such as differential expression and conservation in species. CircSMAD4 was upregulated by TAC in mice or by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in primarily cultured human cardiac fibroblasts. Delivery of si-circSMAD4 attenuated myofibroblast activation and cardiac fibrosis in mice treated with isoproterenol (ISP). si-circSmad4 significantly reduced cardiac fibrosis and remodeling at 8 weeks. Mechanistically, circSMAD4 acted as a sponge against the microRNA miR-671-5p in a sequence-specific manner. miR-671-5p was downregulated during myofibroblast activation and its mimic form attenuated cardiac fibrosis. miR-671-5p mimic destabilized fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) mRNA in a sequence-specific manner and interfered with the fibrotic action of FGFR2. The circSMAD4-miR-671-5p-FGFR2 pathway is involved in the differentiation of cardiac myofibroblasts and thereby the development of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jeong
- Chonnam University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwoon Lim
- Chonnam University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewon Kook
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Hwa Kwon
- Chonnam University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kuk Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Ryu
- Collage of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Gyeong Lee
- Chonnam University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Sera Shin
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choe
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sook Kim
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Cho
- Chonnam University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Chul Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjoo Choi
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy Medical Research Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Chonnam University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kee
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Il Nam
- Chonnam University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Park
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kook Kim
- Chonnam University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook
- Chonnam University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo 58128, Republic of Korea
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Claridge B, Rai A, Lees JG, Fang H, Lim SY, Greening DW. Cardiomyocyte intercellular signalling increases oxidative stress and reprograms the global- and phospho-proteome of cardiac fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e125. [PMID: 38938901 PMCID: PMC11080892 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Pathological reprogramming of cardiomyocyte and fibroblast proteome landscapes drive the initiation and progression of cardiac fibrosis. Although the secretome of dysfunctional cardiomyocytes is emerging as an important driver of pathological fibroblast reprogramming, our understanding of the downstream molecular players remains limited. Here, we show that cardiac fibroblast activation (αSMA+) and oxidative stress mediated by the secretome of TGFβ-stimulated cardiomyocytes is associated with a profound reprogramming of their proteome and phosphoproteome landscape. Within the fibroblast global proteome there was a striking dysregulation of proteins implicated in extracellular matrix, protein localisation/metabolism, KEAP1-NFE2L2 pathway, lysosomes, carbohydrate metabolism, and transcriptional regulation. Kinase substrate enrichment analysis of phosphopeptides revealed potential role of kinases (CK2, CDK2, PKC, GSK3B) during this remodelling. We verified upregulated activity of casein kinase 2 (CK2) in secretome-treated fibroblasts, and pharmacological CK2 inhibitor TBB (4,5,6,7-Tetrabromobenzotriazole) significantly abrogated fibroblast activation and oxidative stress. Our data provides molecular insights into cardiomyocyte to cardiac fibroblast crosstalk, and the potential role of CK2 in regulating cardiac fibroblast activation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Claridge
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and ImplementationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Alin Rai
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and ImplementationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jarmon G. Lees
- O'Brien Institute DepartmentSt Vincent's Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Surgery and MedicineUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Haoyun Fang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Shiang Y. Lim
- O'Brien Institute DepartmentSt Vincent's Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Surgery and MedicineUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart CentreSingaporeSingapore
- Drug Discovery Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - David W. Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and ImplementationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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7
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Ravassa S, López B, Treibel TA, San José G, Losada-Fuentenebro B, Tapia L, Bayés-Genís A, Díez J, González A. Cardiac Fibrosis in heart failure: Focus on non-invasive diagnosis and emerging therapeutic strategies. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 93:101194. [PMID: 37384998 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of mortality and hospitalization worldwide. Cardiac fibrosis, resulting from the excessive deposition of collagen fibers, is a common feature across the spectrum of conditions converging in heart failure. Eventually, either reparative or reactive in nature, in the long-term cardiac fibrosis contributes to heart failure development and progression and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Despite this, specific cardiac antifibrotic therapies are lacking, making cardiac fibrosis an urgent unmet medical need. In this context, a better patient phenotyping is needed to characterize the heterogenous features of cardiac fibrosis to advance toward its personalized management. In this review, we will describe the different phenotypes associated with cardiac fibrosis in heart failure and we will focus on the potential usefulness of imaging techniques and circulating biomarkers for the non-invasive characterization and phenotyping of this condition and for tracking its clinical impact. We will also recapitulate the cardiac antifibrotic effects of existing heart failure and non-heart failure drugs and we will discuss potential strategies under preclinical development targeting the activation of cardiac fibroblasts at different levels, as well as targeting additional extracardiac processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ravassa
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña López
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas A Treibel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK; Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gorka San José
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Losada-Fuentenebro
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leire Tapia
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayés-Genís
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Servei de Cardiologia i Unitat d'Insuficiència Cardíaca, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
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Bayer AL, Smolgovsky S, Ngwenyama N, Hernández-Martínez A, Kaur K, Sulka K, Amrute J, Aronovitz M, Lavine K, Sharma S, Alcaide P. T-Cell MyD88 Is a Novel Regulator of Cardiac Fibrosis Through Modulation of T-Cell Activation. Circ Res 2023; 133:412-429. [PMID: 37492941 PMCID: PMC10529989 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac inflammation in heart failure is characterized by the presence of damage-associated molecular patterns, myeloid cells, and T cells. Cardiac damage-associated molecular patterns provide continuous proinflammatory signals to myeloid cells through TLRs (toll-like receptors) that converge onto the adaptor protein MyD88 (myeloid differentiation response 88). These induce activation into efficient antigen-presenting cells that activate T cells through their TCR (T-cell receptor). T-cell activation results in cardiotropism, cardiac fibroblast transformation, and maladaptive cardiac remodeling. T cells rely on TCR signaling for effector function and survival, and while they express MyD88 and damage-associated molecular pattern receptors, their role in T-cell activation and cardiac inflammation is unknown. METHODS We performed transverse aortic constriction in mice lacking MyD88 in T cells and analyzed remodeling, systolic function, survival, and T-cell activation. We profiled wild type versus Myd88-/- mouse T cells at the transcript and protein level and performed several functional assays. RESULTS Analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data sets revealed that MyD88 is expressed in mouse and human cardiac T cells. MyD88 deletion in T cells resulted in increased levels of cardiac T-cell infiltration and fibrosis in response to transverse aortic constriction. We discovered that TCR-activated Myd88-/- T cells had increased proinflammatory signaling at the transcript and protein level compared with wild type, resulting in increased T-cell effector functions such as adhesion, migration across endothelial cells, and activation of cardiac fibroblast. Mechanistically, we found that MyD88 modulates T-cell activation and survival through TCR-dependent rather than TLR-dependent signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our results outline a novel intrinsic role for MyD88 in limiting T-cell activation that is central to tune down cardiac inflammation during cardiac adaptation to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kuljeet Kaur
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston MA
| | | | - Junedh Amrute
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis MO
| | | | - Kory Lavine
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis MO
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston MA
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston MA
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9
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Chowkwale M, Lindsey ML, Saucerman JJ. Intercellular model predicts mechanisms of inflammation-fibrosis coupling after myocardial infarction. J Physiol 2023; 601:2635-2654. [PMID: 35862254 PMCID: PMC9859968 DOI: 10.1113/jp283346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
After myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac cells work together to regulate wound healing of the infarct. The pathological response to MI yields cardiac remodelling comprising inflammatory and fibrosis phases, and the interplay of cellular dynamics that underlies these phases has not been elucidated. This study developed a computational model to identify cytokine and cellular dynamics post-MI to predict mechanisms driving post-MI inflammation, resolution of inflammation, and scar formation. Additionally, this study evaluated the interdependence between inflammation and fibrosis. Our model bypassed limitations of in vivo approaches in achieving cellular specificity and performing specific perturbations such as global knockouts of chemical factors. The model predicted that inflammation is a graded response to initial infarct size that is amplified by a positive feedback loop between neutrophils and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Resolution of inflammation was driven by degradation of IL-1β, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), as well as apoptosis of neutrophils. Inflammation regulated TGFβ secretion directly through immune cell recruitment and indirectly through upregulation of macrophage phagocytosis. Lastly, we found that mature collagen deposition was an ultrasensitive switch in response to inflammation, which was amplified primarily by cardiac fibroblast proliferation. These findings describe the relationship between inflammation and fibrosis and highlight how the two responses work together post-MI. This model revealed that post-MI inflammation and fibrosis are dynamically coupled, which provides rationale for designing novel anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving or anti-fibrotic therapies that may improve the response to MI. KEY POINTS: Inflammation and matrix remodelling are two processes involved in wound healing after a heart attack. Cardiac cells work together to facilitate these processes; this is done by secreting cytokines that then regulate the cells themselves or other cells surrounding them. This study developed a computational model of the dynamics of cardiac cells and cytokines to predict mechanisms through which inflammation and matrix remodelling is regulated. We show the roles of various cytokines and signalling motifs in driving inflammation, resolution of inflammation and fibrosis. The novel concept of inflammation-fibrosis coupling, based on the model prediction that inflammation and fibrosis are dynamically coupled, provides rationale for future studies and for designing therapeutics to improve the response after a heart attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukti Chowkwale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Merry L. Lindsey
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN
- Research Service, Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jeffrey J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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10
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Yip F, Lai B, Yang D. Role of Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Immune Responses in the Transition from Myocarditis to Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097717. [PMID: 37175422 PMCID: PMC10178405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiac disease marked by the stretching and thinning of the heart muscle and impaired left ventricular contractile function. While most patients do not develop significant cardiac diseases from myocarditis, disparate immune responses can affect pathological outcomes, including DCM progression. These altered immune responses, which may be caused by genetic variance, can prolong cytotoxicity, induce direct cleavage of host protein, or encourage atypical wound healing responses that result in tissue scarring and impaired mechanical and electrical heart function. However, it is unclear which alterations within host immune profiles are crucial to dictating the outcomes of myocarditis. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a well-studied virus that has been identified as a causal agent of myocarditis in various models, along with other viruses such as adenovirus, parvovirus B19, and SARS-CoV-2. This paper takes CVB3 as a pathogenic example to review the recent advances in understanding virus-induced immune responses and differential gene expression that regulates iron, lipid, and glucose metabolic remodeling, the severity of cardiac tissue damage, and the development of DCM and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fione Yip
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
- The Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Brian Lai
- The Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Decheng Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
- The Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
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11
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Proteomic Analysis in Valvular Cardiomyopathy: Aortic Regurgitation vs. Aortic Stenosis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060878. [PMID: 36980219 PMCID: PMC10047037 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling after aortic valve (AV) surgery is less predictable in chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) than in aortic stenosis (AS). We aimed to disclose specific LV myocardial protein signatures possibly contributing to differential disease progression. Global protein profiling of LV myocardial samples excised from the subaortic interventricular septum in patients with isolated AR or AS undergoing AV surgery was performed using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. Based on label-free quantitation protein intensities, a logistic regression model was calculated and adjusted for age, sex and protein concentration. Web-based functional enrichment analyses of phenotype-associated proteins were performed utilizing g:Profiler and STRING. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD039662. Lysates from 38 patients, including 25 AR and 13 AS samples, were analyzed. AR patients presented with significantly larger LV diameters and volumes (end-diastolic diameter: 61 (12) vs. 48 (13) mm, p < 0.001; end-diastolic volume: 180.0 (74.6) vs. 92.3 (78.4), p = 0.001). A total of 171 proteins were associated with patient phenotype: 117 were positively associated with AR and the enrichment of intracellular compartment proteins (i.e., assigned to carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism, protein biosynthesis and the proteasome) was detected. Additionally, 54 were positively associated with AS and the enrichment of extracellular compartment proteins (i.e., assigned to the immune and hematopoietic system) was observed. In summary, functional enrichment analysis revealed specific AR- and AS-associated signatures of LV myocardial proteins.
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12
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Marshall KD, Klutho PJ, Song L, Roy R, Krenz M, Baines CP. Cardiac Myocyte-Specific Overexpression of FASTKD1 Prevents Ventricular Rupture After Myocardial Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e025867. [PMID: 36789858 PMCID: PMC10111501 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.025867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Background The mitochondrial mRNA-binding protein FASTKD1 (Fas-activated serine/threonine [FAST] kinase domain-containing protein 1) protects myocytes from oxidative stress in vitro. However, the role of FASTKD1 in the myocardium in vivo is unknown. Therefore, we developed cardiac-specific FASTKD1 transgenic mice to test the effects of this protein on experimental myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and Results Transgenic mouse lines with cardiac myocyte-specific overexpression of FASTKD1 to varying degrees were generated. These mice displayed normal cardiac morphological features and function at the gross and microscopic levels. Isolated cardiac mitochondria from all transgenic mouse lines showed normal mitochondrial function, ATP levels, and permeability transition pore activity. Male nontransgenic and transgenic mice from the highest-expressing line were subjected to 8 weeks of permanent coronary ligation. Of nontransgenic mice, 40% underwent left ventricular free wall rupture within 7 days of MI compared with 0% of FASTKD1-overexpressing mice. At 3 days after MI, FASTKD1 overexpression did not alter infarct size. However, increased FASTKD1 resulted in decreased neutrophil and increased macrophage infiltration, elevated levels of the extracellular matrix component periostin, and enhanced antioxidant capacity compared with control mice. In contrast, markers of mitochondrial fusion/fission and apoptosis remained unaltered. Instead, transcriptomic analyses indicated activation of the integrated stress response in the FASTKD1 transgenic hearts. Conclusions Cardiac-specific overexpression of FASTKD1 results in viable mice displaying normal cardiac morphological features and function. However, these mice are resistant to MI-induced cardiac rupture and display altered inflammatory, extracellular matrix, and antioxidant responses following MI. Moreover, these protective effects were associated with enhanced activation of the integrated stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt D Marshall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Missouri Columbia MO
| | - Paula J Klutho
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center University of Missouri Columbia MO
| | - Lihui Song
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center University of Missouri Columbia MO
| | - Rajika Roy
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center University of Missouri Columbia MO
| | - Maike Krenz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology University of Missouri Columbia MO.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center University of Missouri Columbia MO
| | - Christopher P Baines
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Missouri Columbia MO.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology University of Missouri Columbia MO.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center University of Missouri Columbia MO
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13
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Yanan S, Bohan L, Shuaifeng S, Wendan T, Ma Z, Wei L. Inhibition of Mogroside IIIE on isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:114-120. [PMID: 36594066 PMCID: PMC9790049 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.67908.14848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the effect of mogroside IIIE (MGIIIE) on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial fibrosis and explore its possible mechanisms. Materials and Methods Forty C57BL/6 male mice (6-8 weeks) were randomly divided into a control group (n=10), model group (n=10), low MGIIIE dose group (n=10), and high MGIIIE dose group (n=10). Myocardial fibrosis was established by subcutaneous ISO injection. After 2 weeks of continuous gastric administration of MGIIIE, the cardiac structure was evaluated by echocardiography. Myocardial inflammation and fibrosis were evaluated by histology examination. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), p-IκBα, p-NF-κB, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression were detected by western blot. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the serum were examined by ELISA. In the in vitro study, Ang II (1 μmol/l) was used to stimulate the fibroblasts, then inflammation and fibrosis index were detected. Results MGIIIE inhibited inflammation and fibrosis and down-regulated TLR4, MyD88, TGF-β1, and α-SMA expression in the myocardium. In the in vitro study, MGIIIE ameliorates the deposition of Col Ш and Col I and decreases the release of inflammatory cytokines. MGIIIE increased p-IκBα and reduced p-NF-κB expression both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion MGIIIE plays a role in anti-myocardial fibrosis, by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling expression, and decreasing inflammatory cytokine release. MGIIIE may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treating cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yanan
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR. China, 150001.,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - Li Bohan
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR. China, 150001.,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - Sun Shuaifeng
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR. China, 150001.,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - Tian Wendan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, PR. China, 150001
| | - Zizhe Ma
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR. China, 150001.,These authors contributed eqully to this work
| | - Liu Wei
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital. Guangzhou, PR. China, 510080,Corresponding author: Liu Wei. Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital. Guangzhou, PR. China, 510080. Tel/ Fax: +86- 18904502999;
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14
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van den Hoogen P, Huibers MMH, van den Dolder FW, de Weger R, Siera-de Koning E, Oerlemans MIF, de Jonge N, van Laake LW, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JPG, Vink A, de Jager SCA. Elevated Plasma Immunoglobulin Levels Prior to Heart Transplantation Are Associated with Poor Post-Transplantation Survival. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010061. [PMID: 36671753 PMCID: PMC9855413 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) and antibody-mediated rejection are immune-mediated, long-term complications that jeopardize graft survival after heart transplantation (HTx). Interestingly, increased plasma levels of immunoglobulins have been found in end-stage heart failure (HF) patients prior to HTx. In this study, we aimed to determine whether increased circulating immunoglobulin levels prior to transplantation are associated with poor post-HTx survival. Pre-and post-HTx plasma samples of 36 cardiac transplant recipient patients were used to determine circulating immunoglobulin levels. In addition, epicardial tissue was collected to determine immunoglobulin deposition in cardiac tissue and assess signs and severity of graft rejection. High levels of IgG1 and IgG2 prior to HTx were associated with a shorter survival post-HTx. Immunoglobulin deposition in cardiac tissue was significantly elevated in patients with a survival of less than 3 years. Patients with high plasma IgG levels pre-HTx also had significantly higher plasma levels after HTx. Furthermore, high pre-HTX levels of IgG1 and IgG2 levels were also significantly increased in patients with inflammatory infiltrate in CAV lesions. Altogether the results of this proof-of-concept study suggest that an activated immune response prior to transplantation negatively affects graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia van den Hoogen
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manon M. H. Huibers
- Department of Pathology, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Floor W. van den Dolder
- Department of Pathology, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel de Weger
- Department of Pathology, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erica Siera-de Koning
- Department of Pathology, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marish I. F. Oerlemans
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas de Jonge
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda W. van Laake
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute (NLHI), 3511 EP Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centraal Militair Hospitaal (CMH), 3584 EZ Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost. P. G. Sluijter
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aryan Vink
- Department of Pathology, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia C. A. de Jager
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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15
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Sunagawa Y, Kawaguchi S, Miyazaki Y, Katanasaka Y, Funamoto M, Shimizu K, Shimizu S, Hamabe-Horiike T, Kawase Y, Komiyama M, Mori K, Murakami A, Hasegawa K, Morimoto T. Auraptene, a citrus peel-derived natural product, prevents myocardial infarction-induced heart failure by activating PPARα in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 107:154457. [PMID: 36223697 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auraptene derived from the peel of Citrus hassaku possesses anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. Thus, it could be a valuable pharmacological alternative to treat some diseases. However, the therapeutic value of auraptene for heart failure (HF) is unknown. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS In cultured cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats, the effect of auraptene on phenylephrine-induced hypertrophic responses and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα)-dependent gene transcriptions. To investigate whether auraptene prevents the development of heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI) in vivo, Sprague-Dawley rats with moderate MI (fractional shortening < 40%) were randomly assigned for treatment with low- or high-dose auraptene (5 or 50 mg/kg/day, respectively) or vehicle for 6 weeks. The effects of auraptene were evaluated by echocardiography, histological analysis, and the measurement of mRNA levels of hypertrophy, fibrosis, and PPARα-associated genes. RESULTS In cultured cardiomyocytes, auraptene repressed phenylephrine-induced hypertrophic responses, such as increases in cell size and activities of atrial natriuretic factor and endothelin-1 promoters. Auraptene induced PPARα-dependent gene activation by enhancing cardiomyocyte peroxisome proliferator-responsive element reporter activity. The inhibition of PPARα abrogated the protective effect of auraptene on phenylephrine-induced hypertrophic responses. In rats with MI, auraptene significantly improved MI-induced systolic dysfunction and increased posterior wall thickness compared to the vehicle. Auraptene treatment also suppressed MI-induced increases in myocardial cell diameter, perivascular fibrosis, and expression of hypertrophy and fibrosis response markers at the mRNA level compared with vehicle treatment. MI-induced decreases in the expression of PPARα-dependent genes were improved by auraptene treatment. CONCLUSIONS Auraptene has beneficial effects on MI-induced cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular systolic dysfunction in rats, at least partly due to PPARα activation. Further clinical studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of auraptene in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Sunagawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan; Research Support Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyazaki
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan; Research Support Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Katanasaka
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan; Research Support Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan
| | - Masafumi Funamoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Kana Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Toshihide Hamabe-Horiike
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuto Kawase
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Maki Komiyama
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Mori
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan; Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka 420-0881, Japan
| | - Akira Murakami
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morimoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan; Research Support Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan.
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16
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Jiang F, Zhang W, Lu H, Tan M, Zeng Z, Song Y, Ke X, Lin F. Prediction of herbal medicines based on immune cell infiltration and immune- and ferroptosis-related gene expression levels to treat valvular atrial fibrillation. Front Genet 2022; 13:886860. [PMID: 36246656 PMCID: PMC9554472 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.886860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory immune response is apparently one of the determinants of progressive exacerbation of valvular atrial fibrillation(VAF). Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent modality of regulated cell death, is involved in the immune regulation of cardiovascular disease. However, the relevant regulatory mechanisms of immune infiltration and ferroptosis in VAF have been less studied. In the current study, a highly efficient system for screening immunity- and ferroptosis-related biomarkers and immunomodulatory ability of herbal ingredients has been developed with the integration of intelligent data acquisition, data mining, network pharmacology, and computer-assisted target fishing. VAF patients showed higher infiltration of neutrophils and resting stage dendritic cells, while VSR patients showed higher infiltration of follicular helper T cells. In addition, six (e.g., PCSK2) and 47 (e.g., TGFBR1) ImmDEGs and one (SLC38A1) and four (TGFBR1, HMGB1, CAV1, and CD44) FerDEGs were highly expressed in patients with valvular sinus rhythm (VSR) and VAF, respectively. We further identified a core subnetwork containing 34 hub genes, which were intersected with ImmDEGs and FerDEGs to obtain the key gene TGFBR1. Based on TGFBR1, 14 herbs (e.g., Fructus zizyphi jujubae, Semen Juglandis, and Polygonum cuspidatum) and six herbal ingredients (curcumin, curcumine, D-glucose, hexose, oleovitamin A, and resveratrol) were predicted. Finally, TGFBR1 was found to dock well with curcumin and resveratrol, and it was further verified that curcumin and resveratrol could significantly reduce myocardial fibrosis. We believe that herbs rich in curcumin and resveratrol such as Rhizoma curcumae longae and Curcuma kwangsiensis, mitigate myocardial fibrosis to improve VAF by modulating the TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway. This strategy provides a prospective approach systemically characterizing phenotype-target-herbs relationships based on the tissue-specific biological functions in VAF and brings us new insights into the searching lead compounds from Chinese herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Cardiology Department, Affiliated Baoan TCM Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Cardiology Department, Affiliated Baoan TCM Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongdan Lu
- Cardiology Department, Affiliated Baoan TCM Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiling Tan
- Wenhua Community Health Service Center, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhicong Zeng
- Cardiology Department, Affiliated Baoan TCM Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinzhi Song
- Cardiology Department, Affiliated Baoan TCM Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Ke
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen(Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular Hospital), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Fengxia Lin, ; Xiao Ke,
| | - Fengxia Lin
- Cardiology Department, Affiliated Baoan TCM Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Fengxia Lin, ; Xiao Ke,
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Chen G, Xu H, Xu T, Ding W, Zhang G, Hua Y, Wu Y, Han X, Xie L, Liu B, Zhou Y. Calycosin reduces myocardial fibrosis and improves cardiac function in post-myocardial infarction mice by suppressing TGFBR1 signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154277. [PMID: 35752078 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive myocardial fibrosis is the pathological basis of heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). Although calycosin improves cardiac function, its effect on cardiac fibrosis and cardiac function after MI in mice and its precise mechanism remain unclear. PURPOSE Here, we firstly investigated the effects of calycosin on cardiac fibrosis and ventricular function in mice after MI and the role of transforming growth factor-beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1) signaling in the amelioration of cardiac fibrosis and ventricular function. METHODS In vivo effects of calycosin on cardiac structure and function in mice with MI induced by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson trichrome staining, and echocardiography. The molecular mechanism of the interaction between TGFBR1 and calycosin was investigated using molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi), immunohistochemistry, and western blotting (WB). Subsequently, cardiac-specific Tgfbr1 knockout mice were used to verify the effects of calycosin. The effect of calycosin on primary cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) proliferation and collagen deposition was detected using cell counting (CCK-8), EdU assay, and WB in vitro. CFs infected with an adenovirus that encodes TGFBR1 were used to verify the effects of calycosin. RESULTS In vivo, calycosin attenuated myocardial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction following MI in a dose-dependent pattern. Calycosin-TGFBR1 complex was found to have a binding energy of -9.04 kcal/mol based on molecular docking. In addition, calycosin bound steadily in the cavity of TGFBR1 during the MD simulation. Based on SPRi results, the solution equilibrium dissociation constant for calycosin and TGFBR1 was 5.11 × 10-5 M. Calycosin inhibited the expression of TGFBR1, Smad2/3, collagen I, and collagen III. The deletion of TGFBR1 partially counteracted these effects. In vitro, calycosin suppressed CFs proliferation and collagen deposition after TGF-β1 stimulation by suppressing the TGFBR1 signaling pathway. The suppressive effects of calycosin were partially rescued by overexpression of TGFBR1. CONCLUSION Calycosin attenuates myocardial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction following MI in mice in vivo via suppressing the TGFBR1 signaling pathway. Calycosin suppresses CFs proliferation and collagen deposition induced by TGF-β1 via inhibition of the TGFBR1 signaling pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Honglin Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Guoyong Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yue Hua
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lingpeng Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China.
| | - Yingchun Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Qige Huxin Formula Attenuates Isoprenaline-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis in Mice via Modulating Gut Microbiota and Protecting Intestinal Integrity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2894659. [PMID: 35911163 PMCID: PMC9328975 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2894659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The composition and metabolic activities of gut microbiota are strongly interconnected with cardiac fibrosis (CF) and heart failure (HF). Qige Huxin formula (QHF), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation originating from a classical Fangji Huangqi decoction, has been widely used to clinically treat HF for decades. However, it is still unclear whether QHF alleviates CF by modulating gut microbiota and intestinal integrity. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of QHF in isoprenaline-induced CF through modulating gut microbiota and intestinal integrity. Methods Fifty mice were randomly divided into five groups after one week of acclimatization feeding: control group, model group, 2.56 g/kg/d group (low-dose QHF), 5.12 g/kg/d group (high-dose QHF), and meto group (15 mg/kg/d). The CF model was established by subcutaneously injecting the mice with isoprenaline (10 mg/kg/d for 14 days), followed by QHF treatment. The heart volume, cardiac weight index (CWI), serum myocardial enzymes, serum inflammatory cytokines, serum lipopolysaccharide, histopathology of the heart and colon tissues, ZO-1, and occludin of colon tissues were then measured. Fecal samples from mice were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results QHF treatment significantly reduced heart volume, CWI, and serum CK and CK-MB levels, attenuated cardiac histopathological alterations, and alleviated CF. QHF treatment also downregulated TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum. Moreover, QHF treatment decreased the serum level of lipopolysaccharide and maintained intestinal integrity by upregulating ZO-1 and occludin. The 16S rRNA microbiota analysis revealed that QHF treatment increased the relative abundance of Marvinbryantia and Phascolarctobacterium. Conclusions QHF treatment exerts cardioprotective effects through modulating gut microbiota, protecting intestinal integrity, and alleviating inflammation. This study shows that gut microbiota may enhance heart-gut interaction.
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Chen G, Chang Y, Xiong Y, Hao J, Liu L, Liu Z, Li H, Qiang P, Han Y, Xian Y, Shimosawa T, Wang X, Yang F, Xu Q. Eplerenone inhibits UUO-induced lymphangiogenesis and cardiac fibrosis by attenuating inflammatory injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Corynoline protects ang II-induced hypertensive heart failure by increasing PPARα and Inhibiting NF-κB pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113075. [PMID: 35658238 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a fairly common outcome of hypertension. Recent studies have highlighted the key role of the non-hemodynamic activity of angiotensin II (Ang II) in hypertensive heart failure via inducing cardiac inflammation. Drugs that disrupt Ang II-induced cardiac inflammation may have clinical utility in the treatment of hypertensive heart failure. A naturally occurring compound, corynoline, exhibit anti-inflammatory activities in other systems. C57BL/6 mice were injected with Ang II via a micro-osmotic pump for four weeks to develop hypertensive heart failure. The mice were treated with corynoline by gavage for two weeks. RNA-sequencing analysis was performed to explore the potential mechanism of corynoline. We found that corynoline could inhibit inflammation, myocardial fibrosis, and hypertrophy to prevent heart dysfunction, without the alteration of blood pressure. RNA-sequencing analysis indicates that the PPARα pathway is involved Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis and cardiac remodeling. Corynoline reversed Ang II-induced PPARα inhibition both in vitro and in vivo. We further found that corynoline increases the interaction between PPARα and P65 to inhibit the NF-κB pro-inflammatory pathway in H9c2 cells. Our studies show that corynoline relieves Ang II-induced hypertensive heart failure by increasing the interaction between PPARα and P65 to inhibit the NF-κB pathway.
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21
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Ginkgolide A alleviates cardiac remodeling in mice with myocardial infarction via binding to matrix metalloproteinase-9 to attenuate inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 923:174932. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Bowers SL, Meng Q, Molkentin JD. Fibroblasts orchestrate cellular crosstalk in the heart through the ECM. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:312-321. [PMID: 38765890 PMCID: PMC11101212 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Cell communication is needed for organ function and stress responses, especially in the heart. Cardiac fibroblasts, cardiomyocytes, immune cells, and endothelial cells comprise the major cell types in ventricular myocardium that together coordinate all functional processes. Critical to this cellular network is the non-cellular extracellular matrix (ECM) that provides structure and harbors growth factors and other signaling proteins that affect cell behavior. The ECM is not only produced and modified by cells within the myocardium, largely cardiac fibroblasts, it also acts as an avenue for communication among all myocardial cells. In this Review, we discuss how the development of therapeutics to combat cardiac diseases, specifically fibrosis, relies on a deeper understanding of how the cardiac ECM is intertwined with signaling processes that underlie cellular activation and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeffery D. Molkentin
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology; University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH
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23
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Jiang C, Li D, Chen L, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Mei G, Tang Y, Yang Y, Yao P, Gao C. Quercetin ameliorated cardiac injury via reducing inflammatory actions and the glycerophospholipid metabolism dysregulation in a diabetic cardiomyopathy mouse model. Food Funct 2022; 13:7847-7856. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin has multiple protective effects against cardiometabolic diseases, but the biological mechanisms underlying the benefits in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) are unclear. A mouse DCM model was established by high-fat diet...
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24
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Kaur K, Velázquez FE, Anastasiou M, Ngwenyama N, Smolgovsky S, Aronovitz M, Alcaide P. Sialomucin CD43 Plays a Deleterious Role in the Development of Experimental Heart Failure Induced by Pressure Overload by Modulating Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:780854. [PMID: 34925069 PMCID: PMC8678270 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.780854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialomucin CD43 is a transmembrane protein differentially expressed in leukocytes that include innate and adaptive immune cells. Among a variety of cellular processes, CD43 participates in T cell adhesion to vascular endothelial cells and contributes to the progression of experimental autoimmunity. Sequential infiltration of myeloid cells and T cells in the heart is a hallmark of cardiac inflammation and heart failure (HF). Here, we report that CD43-/- mice have improved survival to HF induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). This enhanced survival is associated with improved systolic function, decreased cardiac fibrosis, and significantly reduced T cell cardiac infiltration in response to TAC compared to control wild-type (WT) mice. Lack of CD43 did not alter the number of myeloid cells in the heart, but resulted in decreased cardiac CXCL10 expression, a chemoattractant for T cells, and in a monocyte shift to anti-inflammatory macrophages in vitro. Collectively, these findings unveil a novel role for CD43 in adverse cardiac remodeling in pressure overload induced HF through modulation of cardiac T cell inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuljeet Kaur
- The Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Francisco E. Velázquez
- The Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marina Anastasiou
- The Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Crete Medical School, Crete, Greece
| | - Njabulo Ngwenyama
- The Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sasha Smolgovsky
- The Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark Aronovitz
- The Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- The Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States,Tufts Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences Immunology Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Pilar Alcaide,
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25
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Limosilactobacillus fermentum Strains with Claimed Probiotic Properties Exert Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties and Prevent Cardiometabolic Disorder in Female Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 15:601-613. [PMID: 34817804 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of a mixed formulation containing Limosilactobacillus (L.) fermentum 139, L. fermentum 263, and L. fermentum 296 on cardiometabolic parameters, inflammatory markers, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) fecal contents, and oxidative stress in colon, liver, heart, and kidney tissues of female rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Female Wistar rats were allocated into control diet (CTL, n = 6), HFD (n = 6), and HFD receiving L. fermentum formulation (HFD-LF, n = 6). L. fermentum formulation (1 × 109 CFU/mL of each strain) was administered two twice a day for 4 weeks. Administration of L. fermentum increased acetate and succinate fecal contents and reduced hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in rats fed a HFD (p < 0.05). Administration of L. fermentum decreased low-grade inflammation and improved antioxidant capacity along the gut, liver, heart, and kidney tissues in female rats fed a HFD (p < 0.05). Administration of L. fermentum prevented dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress in colon, liver, heart, and kidney in female rats fed a HFD.
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26
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Zhang M, Lei YS, Meng XW, Liu HY, Li LG, Zhang J, Zhang JX, Tao WH, Peng K, Lin J, Ji FH. Iguratimod Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Inhibiting Inflammatory Response Induced by Cardiac Fibroblast Pyroptosis via COX2/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:746317. [PMID: 34760889 PMCID: PMC8573346 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.746317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: NLRP3 inflammasome contributes a lot to sterile inflammatory response and pyroptosis in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are regarded as semi-professional inflammatory cells and they exert an immunomodulatory role in heart. Iguratimod provides a protective role in several human diseases through exerting a powerful anti-inflammatory effect. However, it is still unclear whether iguratimod could alleviate myocardial I/R injury and whether inflammation triggered by NLRP3-related pyroptosis of CFs is involved in this process. Methods: Transcriptomics analysis for GSE160516 dataset was conducted to explore the biological function of differentially expressed genes during myocardial I/R. In vivo, mice underwent ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 24 h reperfusion. In vitro, primary CFs were subjected to hypoxia for 1 h followed by reoxygenation for 3 h (H/R). Iguratimod was used prior to I/R or H/R. Myocardial infarct area, serum level of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), pathology of myocardial tissue, cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and the expression levels of mRNA and protein for pyroptosis-related molecules were measured. Immunofluorescence was applied to determine the cellular localization of NLRP3 protein in cardiac tissue. Results: During myocardial I/R, inflammatory response was found to be the most significantly enriched biological process, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling was a crucial pathway in mediating cardiac inflammation. In our experiments, pretreatment with iguratimod significantly ameliorated I/R-induced myocardial injury and H/R-induced pyroptosis of CFs, as evidenced by reduced myocardial infarct area, serum cTnI level, and LDH release in supernatants, as well as improved pathology of cardiac tissue and cell viability. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that NLRP3 was mainly localized in CFs. Moreover, iguratimod inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pyroptosis-related molecules, including NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, and GSDMD-N. Conclusion: Our results suggested that inflammatory response mediated by NOD-like receptor signaling is of vital importance in myocardial I/R injury. Iguratimod protected cardiomyocytes through reducing the cascade of inflammation in heart by inhibiting cardiac fibroblast pyroptosis via the COX2/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Shan Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua-Yue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin-Gui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hui Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fu-Hai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Fibroblast Proliferation and Transverse Aortic Constriction-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis through Oxidative Stress Inhibition via Sirtuin 3. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9925771. [PMID: 34603602 PMCID: PMC8486544 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9925771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is critical in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. Our present study investigates whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S) attenuated myocardial fibrosis and explores the possible role of SIRT3 on the protective effects. Neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts were pretreated with NaHS followed by angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation. SIRT3 was knocked down with siRNA technology. SIRT3 promoter activity and expression, as well as mitochondrial function, were measured. Male wild-type (WT) and SIRT3 knockout (KO) mice were intraperitoneally injected with NaHS followed by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Myocardium sections were stained with Sirius red. Hydroxyproline content, collagen I and collagen III, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) expression were measured both in vitro and in vivo. We found that NaHS enhanced SIRT3 promoter activity and increased SIRT3 mRNA expression. NaHS inhibited cell proliferation and hydroxyproline secretion, decreased collagen I, collagen III, α-SMA, and DRP1 expression, alleviated oxidative stress, and improved mitochondrial respiration function and membrane potential in Ang II-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts, which were unavailable after SIRT3 was silenced. In vivo, NaHS reduced hydroxyproline content, ameliorated perivascular and interstitial collagen deposition, and inhibited collagen I, collagen III, and DRP1 expression in the myocardium of WT mice but not SIRT3 KO mice with TAC. Altogether, NaHS attenuated myocardial fibrosis through oxidative stress inhibition via a SIRT3-dependent manner.
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Olivares-Silva F, De Gregorio N, Espitia-Corredor J, Espinoza C, Vivar R, Silva D, Osorio JM, Lavandero S, Peiró C, Sánchez-Ferrer C, Díaz-Araya G. Resolvin-D1 attenuation of angiotensin II-induced cardiac inflammation in mice is associated with prevention of cardiac remodeling and hypertension. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166241. [PMID: 34400298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Despite the broad pharmacological arsenal to treat hypertension, chronic patients may develop irreversible cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. Angiotensin II, the main peptide responsible for the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System, has been closely linked to cardiac remodeling, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and hypertension, and some of these effects are induced by inflammatory mediators. Resolvin-D1 (RvD1) elicits potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects in various pathological models. In this study, we aimed to examine whether RvD1 ameliorates cardiac remodeling and hypertension triggered by angiotensin II. METHODS AND RESULTS Alzet® osmotic mini-pumps filled with angiotensin II (1.5 mg/kg/day) were implanted in male C57BL/6 J mice for 7 or 14 days. RvD1 (3 μg/kg/day, i.p) was administered one day after the surgery and during the complete infusion period. Blood pressure and myocardial functional parameters were assessed by echocardiography. At the end of the experimental procedure, blood and heart tissue were harvested, and plasma and histological parameters were studied. After 7 and 14 days, RvD1 reduced the increase of neutrophil and macrophage infiltration triggered by angiotensin II, and also reduced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression levels. RvD1 also reduced cytokine plasma levels (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, KC, MCP-1), cardiac hypertrophy, interstitial and perivascular fibrosis, and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS This study unveils novel cardioprotective effects of RvD1 in angiotensin II-induced hypertension and cardiac remodeling by attenuating inflammation and provides insights into a potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Olivares-Silva
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole De Gregorio
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jenaro Espitia-Corredor
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Spain
| | - Claudio Espinoza
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Vivar
- Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Silva
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Miguel Osorio
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Concepción Peiró
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Ferrer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Spain
| | - Guillermo Díaz-Araya
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Meijles DN, Cull JJ, Cooper ST, Markou T, Hardyman MA, Fuller SJ, Alharbi HO, Haines ZH, Alcantara-Alonso V, Glennon PE, Sheppard MN, Sugden PH, Clerk A. The anti-cancer drug dabrafenib is not cardiotoxic and inhibits cardiac remodelling and fibrosis in a murine model of hypertension. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1631-1647. [PMID: 34296750 PMCID: PMC8302807 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Raf kinases signal via extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) to drive cell division. Since activating mutations in BRAF (B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) are highly oncogenic, BRAF inhibitors including dabrafenib have been developed for cancer. Inhibitors of ERK1/2 signalling used for cancer are cardiotoxic in some patients, raising the question of whether dabrafenib is cardiotoxic. In the heart, ERK1/2 signalling promotes not only cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and is cardioprotective but also promotes fibrosis. Our hypothesis is that ERK1/2 signalling is not required in a non-stressed heart but is required for cardiac remodelling. Thus, dabrafenib may affect the heart in the context of, for example, hypertension. In experiments with cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts and perfused rat hearts, dabrafenib inhibited ERK1/2 signalling. We assessed the effects of dabrafenib (3 mg/kg/d) on male C57BL/6J mouse hearts in vivo. Dabrafenib alone had no overt effects on cardiac function/dimensions (assessed by echocardiography) or cardiac architecture. In mice treated with 0.8 mg/kg/d angiotensin II (AngII) to induce hypertension, dabrafenib inhibited ERK1/2 signalling and suppressed cardiac hypertrophy in both acute (up to 7 d) and chronic (28 d) settings, preserving ejection fraction. At the cellular level, dabrafenib inhibited AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, reduced expression of hypertrophic gene markers and almost completely eliminated the increase in cardiac fibrosis both in interstitial and perivascular regions. Dabrafenib is not overtly cardiotoxic. Moreover, it inhibits maladaptive hypertrophy resulting from AngII-induced hypertension. Thus, Raf is a potential therapeutic target for hypertensive heart disease and drugs such as dabrafenib, developed for cancer, may be used for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N. Meijles
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 2AS, U.K
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, U.K
| | - Joshua J. Cull
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 2AS, U.K
| | - Susanna T.E. Cooper
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, U.K
| | - Thomais Markou
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 2AS, U.K
| | | | - Stephen J. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 2AS, U.K
| | - Hajed O. Alharbi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 2AS, U.K
| | - Zoe H.R. Haines
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, U.K
| | | | - Peter E. Glennon
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, University Hospital Cardiology Department, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, U.K
| | - Mary N. Sheppard
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, U.K
- CRY Cardiovascular Pathology Department, St. George's University of London, London, U.K
- St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, London, U.K
| | - Peter H. Sugden
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 2AS, U.K
| | - Angela Clerk
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 2AS, U.K
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Abstract
The emergence of the novel SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has resulted in an unprecedented pandemic that has been accompanied by a global health crisis. Although the lungs are the main organs involved in COVID-19, systemic disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations also develops in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. One of the major systems affected by this virus is the cardiovascular system. The presence of preexisting cardiovascular disease increases mortality in patients with COVID-19, and cardiovascular injuries, including myocarditis, cardiac rhythm abnormalities, endothelial cell injury, thrombotic events, and myocardial interstitial fibrosis, are observed in some patients with COVID-19. The underlying pathophysiology of COVID-19-associated cardiovascular complications is not fully understood, although direct viral infection of myocardium and cytokine storm have been suggested as possible mechanisms of myocarditis. In this Review, we summarize available data on SARS-CoV-2-related cardiac damage and discuss potential mechanisms of cardiovascular implications of this rapidly spreading virus.
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Czubryt MP, Hale TM. Cardiac fibrosis: Pathobiology and therapeutic targets. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110066. [PMID: 34146658 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is characteristic of the end stage in nearly all forms of heart disease. Accumulation of extracellular matrix in the myocardium leads to increased risk of arrhythmia and impaired cardiac function, and ultimately progression to heart failure. Despite the critical need to slow or reverse development of cardiac fibrosis to maintain cardiac function, there are no approved therapies that directly target the extracellular matrix. Research into the underlying causes and therapeutic targets has been hampered, in part, by the lack of a clear marker for cardiac fibroblasts - the cells responsible for regulating extracellular matrix turnover. Lineage tracing studies as well as single-cell RNA sequencing studies have provided new insights into cardiac fibroblast origins and heterogeneity. Moreover, a greater understanding of pathways governing fibroblast activation during ischemic and non-ischemic cardiac remodeling and their communication with other inflammatory and cardiac cells may lead to novel therapeutic targets to slow or reverse fibrotic remodeling. The special issue of Cellular Signaling entitled "Cardiac Fibrosis: Pathobiology and Therapeutic Targets" is comprised of review articles in which these topics, as well as important open questions for future investigation, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Czubryt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Taben M Hale
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Ferrari I, Vagnozzi RJ. Mechanisms and strategies for a therapeutic cardiac immune response. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 158:82-88. [PMID: 34051237 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Ferrari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ronald J Vagnozzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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