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Yamagishi M, Miyata K, Kamatani T, Kabata H, Baba R, Tanaka Y, Suzuki N, Matsusaka M, Motomura Y, Kiniwa T, Koga S, Goda K, Ohara O, Funatsu T, Fukunaga K, Moro K, Uemura S, Shirasaki Y. Quantitative live-cell imaging of secretion activity reveals dynamic immune responses. iScience 2024; 27:109840. [PMID: 38779479 PMCID: PMC11109006 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantification of cytokine secretion has facilitated advances in the field of immunology, yet the dynamic and varied secretion profiles of individual cells, particularly those obtained from limited human samples, remain obscure. Herein, we introduce a technology for quantitative live-cell imaging of secretion activity (qLCI-S) that enables high-throughput and dual-color monitoring of secretion activity at the single-cell level over several days, followed by transcriptome analysis of individual cells based on their phenotype. The efficacy of qLCI-S was demonstrated by visualizing the characteristic temporal pattern of cytokine secretion of group 2 innate lymphoid cells, which constitute less than 0.01% of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and by revealing minor subpopulations with enhanced cytokine production. The underlying mechanism of this feature was linked to the gene expression of stimuli receptors. This technology paves the way for exploring gene expression signatures linked to the spatiotemporal dynamic nature of various secretory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Live Cell Diagnosis, Ltd., Saitama 351-0022, Japan
| | - Kaede Miyata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamatani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of AI Technology Development, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
- Division of Precision Cancer Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kabata
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Rie Baba
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yumiko Tanaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobutake Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masako Matsusaka
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Motomura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kiniwa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koga
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Osamu Ohara
- KAZUSA DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takashi Funatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Moro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Sotaro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shirasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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2
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Hasegawa T, Noguchi S, Nakashima M, Miyai M, Goto M, Matsumoto Y, Torii S, Honda S, Shimizu S. Alternative autophagy dampens UVB-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107173. [PMID: 38499149 PMCID: PMC11002869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sunlight exposure results in an inflammatory reaction of the skin commonly known as sunburn, which increases skin cancer risk. In particular, the ultraviolet B (UVB) component of sunlight induces inflammasome activation in keratinocytes to instigate the cutaneous inflammatory responses. Here, we explore the intracellular machinery that maintains skin homeostasis by suppressing UVB-induced inflammasome activation in human keratinocytes. We found that pharmacological inhibition of autophagy promoted UVB-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Unexpectedly, however, gene silencing of Atg5 or Atg7, which are critical for conventional autophagy, had no effect, whereas gene silencing of Beclin1, which is essential not only for conventional autophagy but also for Atg5/Atg7-independent alternative autophagy, promoted UVB-induced inflammasome activation, indicating an involvement of alternative autophagy. We found that damaged mitochondria were highly accumulated in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes when alternative autophagy was inhibited, and they appear to be recognized by NLRP3. Overall, our findings indicate that alternative autophagy, rather than conventional autophagy, suppresses UVB-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation through the clearance of damaged mitochondria in human keratinocytes and illustrate a previously unknown involvement of alternative autophagy in inflammation. Alternative autophagy may be a new therapeutic target for sunburn and associated cutaneous disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saori Noguchi
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Makiko Goto
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Torii
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Honda
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeomi Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Gama AR, Miller T, Venkatesan S, Lange JJ, Wu J, Song X, Bradford D, Unruh JR, Halfmann R. Protein supersaturation powers innate immune signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.03.20.533581. [PMID: 36993308 PMCID: PMC10055258 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.20.533581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity protects us in youth but turns against us as we age. The reason for this tradeoff is unclear. Seeking a thermodynamic basis, we focused on death fold domains (DFDs), whose ordered polymerization has been stoichiometrically linked to innate immune signal amplification. We hypothesized that soluble ensembles of DFDs function as phase change batteries that store energy via supersaturation and subsequently release it through nucleated polymerization. Using imaging and FRET-based cytometry to characterize the phase behaviors of all 109 human DFDs, we found that the hubs of innate immune signaling networks encode large nucleation barriers that are intrinsically insulated from cross-pathway activation. We showed via optogenetics that supersaturation drives signal amplification and that the inflammasome is constitutively supersaturated in vivo. Our findings reveal that the soluble "inactive" states of adaptor DFDs function as essential, yet impermanent, kinetic barriers to inflammatory cell death, suggesting a thermodynamic driving force for aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tayla Miller
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | | | | | - Jianzheng Wu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | - Xiaoqing Song
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | - Dan Bradford
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | - Jay R Unruh
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | - Randal Halfmann
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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4
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Cui JZ, Chew ZH, Lim LHK. New insights into nucleic acid sensor AIM2: The potential benefit in targeted therapy for cancer. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107079. [PMID: 38272334 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The AIM2 inflammasome represents a multifaceted oligomeric protein complex within the innate immune system, with the capacity to perceive double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and engage in diverse physiological reactions and disease contexts, including cancer. While originally conceived as a discerning DNA sensor, AIM2 has demonstrated its capability to discern various nucleic acid variations, encompassing RNA and DNA-RNA hybrids. Through its interaction with nucleic acids, AIM2 orchestrates the assembly of a complex involving multiple proteins, aptly named the AIM2 inflammasome, which facilitates the enzymatic cleavage of proinflammatory cytokines, namely pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18. This process, in turn, underpins its pivotal biological role. In this review, we provide a systematic summary and discussion of the latest advancements in AIM2 sensing various types of nucleic acids. Additionally, we discuss the modulation of AIM2 activation, which can cause cell death, including pyroptosis, apoptosis, and autophagic cell death. Finally, we fully illustrate the evidence for the dual role of AIM2 in different cancer types, including both anti-tumorigenic and pro-tumorigenic functions. Considering the above information, we uncover the therapeutic promise of modulating the AIM2 inflammasome in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhou Cui
- Translational Immunology Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS-Cambridge Immunophenotyping Centre, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Zhi Huan Chew
- Translational Immunology Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lina H K Lim
- Translational Immunology Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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5
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Abstract
Apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis are genetically programmed cell death mechanisms that eliminate obsolete, damaged, infected, and self-reactive cells. Apoptosis fragments cells in a manner that limits immune cell activation, whereas the lytic death programs of necroptosis and pyroptosis release proinflammatory intracellular contents. Apoptosis fine-tunes tissue architecture during mammalian development, promotes tissue homeostasis, and is crucial for averting cancer and autoimmunity. All three cell death mechanisms are deployed to thwart the spread of pathogens. Disabling regulators of cell death signaling in mice has revealed how excessive cell death can fuel acute or chronic inflammation. Here we review strategies for modulating cell death in the context of disease. For example, BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax, an inducer of apoptosis, is approved for the treatment of certain hematologic malignancies. By contrast, inhibition of RIPK1, NLRP3, GSDMD, or NINJ1 to limit proinflammatory cell death and/or the release of large proinflammatory molecules from dying cells may benefit patients with inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Kayagaki
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA;
| | - Joshua D Webster
- Pathology Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kim Newton
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA;
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6
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Newton K, Strasser A, Kayagaki N, Dixit VM. Cell death. Cell 2024; 187:235-256. [PMID: 38242081 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Cell death supports morphogenesis during development and homeostasis after birth by removing damaged or obsolete cells. It also curtails the spread of pathogens by eliminating infected cells. Cell death can be induced by the genetically programmed suicide mechanisms of apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, or it can be a consequence of dysregulated metabolism, as in ferroptosis. Here, we review the signaling mechanisms underlying each cell-death pathway, discuss how impaired or excessive activation of the distinct cell-death processes can promote disease, and highlight existing and potential therapies for redressing imbalances in cell death in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Newton
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Andreas Strasser
- WEHI: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Nobuhiko Kayagaki
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Vishva M Dixit
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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7
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Nakano H. Necroptosis and Its Involvement in Various Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1444:129-143. [PMID: 38467977 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9781-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a regulated form of cell death involved in the development of various pathological conditions. In contrast to apoptosis, plasma membrane rupture (PMR) occurs in cells in the relatively early stage of necroptosis; therefore, necroptosis induces a strong inflammatory response. Stimuli, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon (IFN)α/β, lipopolysaccharide, polyI:C, and viral infection, induce the formation of necrosomes that lead to membrane rupture and the release of intracellular contents, termed danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs are the collective term for molecules that normally reside in the cytoplasm or nucleus in living cells without inducing inflammation but induce strong inflammatory responses when released outside cells. Recent studies have provided a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying PMR and the release of DAMPs. Moreover, necroptosis is involved in various pathological conditions, and mutations in necroptosis-related genes can cause hereditary autoinflammatory syndromes. Thus, manipulating necroptosis signaling pathways may be useful for treating diseases involving necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Nakano
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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8
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Nandi D, Forster J, Ramesh A, Nguyen A, Bharadwaj H, Kulkarni A. Caspase-1 Responsive Nanoreporter for In Vivo Monitoring of Inflammasome Immunotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:55545-55558. [PMID: 37990965 PMCID: PMC11056827 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multimeric protein signaling complexes that are assembled in innate immune cells in response to a multitude of pathogen and damage-associated signals. They are essential for generating robust inflammatory responses to prevent pathogenic insults. However, inflammasome dysregulation can induce cascading immune responses, resulting in systemic toxicities and inflammatory disease. In this sense, there is a strong need to develop potent inflammasome inhibiting therapies as well as technologies to monitor their efficacy, yet current systems lack the ability to effectively image inflammasome activation and track therapy response early. To overcome these limitations, we report a novel nanoparticle system delivering both a caspase-1 cleavable inflammasome detecting probe and the NLRP3 inhibitor drug MCC-950, providing dual capabilities of monitoring and regulation of inflammasome activation in a biocompatible, tissue penetrating, and sustained release liposomal formulation. We observed this liposomal nanoreporter's ability to reduce and detect inflammasome activation both in vitro in immortalized bone marrow-derived macrophages and in vivo in a DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mouse model. Our results exhibited the nanoreporter's ability to penetrate inflammatory tissues and detect inflammasome activation early and in real-time for multiple days while alleviating inflammation in the groups coencapsulating imaging reporter and inflammasome inhibitor. Overall, the developed liposomal nanoreporter platform enables spatiotemporal delivery of imaging probe and inhibitor, captures early and sustained inflammasome detection, and induces inflammasome amelioration, thus establishing a novel tool for the real-time monitoring and treatment of inflammasome-mediated disease with high potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika Nandi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - James Forster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Anujan Ramesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Hariharan Bharadwaj
- Department of Pathology, UMass Chan, Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, Massachusetts 01107, United States
| | - Ashish Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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9
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Tanaka Y, Yamagishi M, Motomura Y, Kamatani T, Oguchi Y, Suzuki N, Kiniwa T, Kabata H, Irie M, Tsunoda T, Miya F, Goda K, Ohara O, Funatsu T, Fukunaga K, Moro K, Uemura S, Shirasaki Y. Time-dependent cell-state selection identifies transiently expressed genes regulating ILC2 activation. Commun Biol 2023; 6:915. [PMID: 37673922 PMCID: PMC10482971 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The decision of whether cells are activated or not is controlled through dynamic intracellular molecular networks. However, the low population of cells during the transition state of activation renders the analysis of the transcriptome of this state technically challenging. To address this issue, we have developed the Time-Dependent Cell-State Selection (TDCSS) technique, which employs live-cell imaging of secretion activity to detect an index of the transition state, followed by the simultaneous recovery of indexed cells for subsequent transcriptome analysis. In this study, we used the TDCSS technique to investigate the transition state of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) activation, which is indexed by the onset of interleukin (IL)-13 secretion. The TDCSS approach allowed us to identify time-dependent genes, including transiently induced genes (TIGs). Our findings of IL4 and MIR155HG as TIGs have shown a regulatory function in ILC2s activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Tanaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Live Cell Diagnosis, Ltd, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Motomura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamatani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of AI Technology Development, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Precision Cancer Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Oguchi
- PRESTO, JST, Saitama, Japan
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobutake Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kiniwa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kabata
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misato Irie
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Tsunoda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Miya
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei, 430072, China
| | | | - Takashi Funatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Moro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sotaro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Shirasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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10
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Nagar A, Bharadwaj R, Shaikh MOF, Roy A. What are NLRP3-ASC specks? an experimental progress of 22 years of inflammasome research. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188864. [PMID: 37564644 PMCID: PMC10411722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Speck assembly is the hallmark of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The 1µm structure comprising of NLRP3 and ASC is the first observable phenotype of NLRP3 activation. While the common consensus is that the specks are the site of inflammasome activity, no direct experimental evidence exists to support this notion. In these 22 years, since the inflammasome discovery, several research studies have been published which directly or indirectly support or refute the idea of speck being the inflammasome. This review compiles the data from two decades of research to answer a long-standing question: "What are NLRP3-ASC specks?"
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinit Nagar
- Department of Flow Cytometry, Cytek Biosciences, Fremont, CA, United States
| | - Ravi Bharadwaj
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mohammad Omar Faruk Shaikh
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Abhishek Roy
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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11
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Irie M, Kabata H, Sasahara K, Kurihara M, Shirasaki Y, Kamatani T, Baba R, Matsusaka M, Koga S, Masaki K, Miyata J, Araki Y, Kikawada T, Kabe Y, Suematsu M, Yamagishi M, Uemura S, Moro K, Fukunaga K. Annexin A1 is a cell-intrinsic metalloregulator of zinc in human ILC2s. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112610. [PMID: 37294636 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) produce large amounts of type 2 cytokines including interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13 in response to various stimuli, causing allergic and eosinophilic diseases. However, the cell-intrinsic regulatory mechanisms of human ILC2s remain unclear. Here, we analyze human ILC2s derived from different tissues and pathological conditions and identify ANXA1, encoding annexin A1, as a commonly highly expressed gene in non-activated ILC2s. The expression of ANXA1 decreases when ILC2s activate, but it increases autonomously as the activation subsides. Lentiviral vector-based gene transfer experiments show that ANXA1 suppresses the activation of human ILC2s. Mechanistically, ANXA1 regulates the expression of the metallothionein family genes, including MT2A, which modulate intracellular zinc homeostasis. Furthermore, increased intracellular zinc levels play an essential role in the activation of human ILC2s by promoting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathways and GATA3 expression. Thus, the ANXA1/MT2A/zinc pathway is identified as a cell-intrinsic metalloregulatory mechanism for human ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Irie
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kabata
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Sasahara
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Momoko Kurihara
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shirasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamatani
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Department of AI Technology Development, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan; Division of Precision Cancer Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Rie Baba
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masako Matsusaka
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koga
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsunori Masaki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jun Miyata
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Araki
- Nose Clinic Tokyo, 1-3-1 Kyobashi Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0031, Japan
| | - Toru Kikawada
- Nose Clinic Tokyo, 1-3-1 Kyobashi Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0031, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- WPI Bio2Q Research Center, Keio University and Central Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Mai Yamagishi
- Live Cell Diagnosis, Ltd., Asaka, Saitama 351-0022, Japan
| | - Sotaro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Moro
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Osaka University Immunology Frontier Research Center, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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12
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Khalil BA, Sharif-Askari NS, Halwani R. Role of inflammasome in severe, steroid-resistant asthma. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 4:100061. [PMID: 37304814 PMCID: PMC10250931 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2023.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose of review Asthma is a common heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory diseases with different pathological phenotypes classified based on the various clinical, physiological and immunobiological profiles of patients. Despite similar clinical symptoms, asthmatic patients may respond differently to treatment. Hence, asthma research is becoming more focused on deciphering the molecular and cellular pathways driving the different asthma endotypes. This review focuses on the role of inflammasome activation as one important mechanism reported in the pathogenesis of severe steroid resistant asthma (SSRA), a Th2-low asthma endotype. Although SSRA represents around 5-10% of asthmatic patients, it is responsible for the majority of asthma morbidity and more than 50% of asthma associated healthcare costs with clear unmet need. Therefore, deciphering the role of the inflammasome in SSRA pathogenesis, particularly in relation to neutrophil chemotaxis to the lungs, provides a novel target for therapy. Recent findings The literature highlighted several activators of inflammasomes that are elevated during SSRA and result in the release of proinflammatory mediators, mainly IL-1β and IL-18, through different signaling pathways. Consequently, the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β is shown to be positively correlated with neutrophil recruitment and negatively correlated with airflow obstruction. Furthermore, exaggerated NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β activation is reported to be associated with glucocorticoid resistance. Summary In this review, we summarized the reported literature on the activators of the inflammasome during SSRA, the role of IL-1β and IL-18 in SSRA pathogenesis, and the pathways by which inflammasome activation contributes to steroid resistance. Finally, our review shed light on the different levels to target inflammasome involvement in an attempt to ameliorate the serious outcomes of SSRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bariaa A. Khalil
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Su X, Wang L, Ma N, Yang X, Liu C, Yang F, Li J, Yi X, Xing Y. Immune heterogeneity in cardiovascular diseases from a single-cell perspective. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1057870. [PMID: 37180791 PMCID: PMC10167030 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1057870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of immune cell subsets occupy different niches in the cardiovascular system, causing changes in the structure and function of the heart and vascular system, and driving the progress of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The immune cells infiltrating the injury site are highly diverse and integrate into a broad dynamic immune network that controls the dynamic changes of CVDs. Due to technical limitations, the effects and molecular mechanisms of these dynamic immune networks on CVDs have not been fully revealed. With recent advances in single-cell technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing, systematic interrogation of the immune cell subsets is feasible and will provide insights into the way we understand the integrative behavior of immune populations. We no longer lightly ignore the role of individual cells, especially certain highly heterogeneous or rare subpopulations. We summarize the phenotypic diversity of immune cell subsets and their significance in three CVDs of atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia and heart failure. We believe that such a review could enhance our understanding of how immune heterogeneity drives the progression of CVDs, help to elucidate the regulatory roles of immune cell subsets in disease, and thus guide the development of new immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Dezhou Second People’s Hospital, Dezhou, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Fangshan Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Can Liu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Huimin Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Xing
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
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14
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Mussbacher M, Derler M, Basílio J, Schmid JA. NF-κB in monocytes and macrophages - an inflammatory master regulator in multitalented immune cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1134661. [PMID: 36911661 PMCID: PMC9995663 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1134661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a dimeric transcription factor constituted by two of five protein family members. It plays an essential role in inflammation and immunity by regulating the expression of numerous chemokines, cytokines, transcription factors, and regulatory proteins. Since NF-κB is expressed in almost all human cells, it is important to understand its cell type-, tissue-, and stimulus-specific roles as well as its temporal dynamics and disease-specific context. Although NF-κB was discovered more than 35 years ago, many questions are still unanswered, and with the availability of novel technologies such as single-cell sequencing and cell fate-mapping, new fascinating questions arose. In this review, we will summarize current findings on the role of NF-κB in monocytes and macrophages. These innate immune cells show high plasticity and dynamically adjust their effector functions against invading pathogens and environmental cues. Their versatile functions can range from antimicrobial defense and antitumor immune responses to foam cell formation and wound healing. NF-κB is crucial for their activation and balances their phenotypes by finely coordinating transcriptional and epigenomic programs. Thereby, NF-κB is critically involved in inflammasome activation, cytokine release, and cell survival. Macrophage-specific NF-κB activation has far-reaching implications in the development and progression of numerous inflammatory diseases. Moreover, recent findings highlighted the temporal dynamics of myeloid NF-κB activation and underlined the complexity of this inflammatory master regulator. This review will provide an overview of the complex roles of NF-κB in macrophage signal transduction, polarization, inflammasome activation, and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mussbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Derler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - José Basílio
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- INESC ID–Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Johannes A. Schmid
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Ren X, Tao M, Liu X, Zhang L, Li M, Hai Z. Caspase-1-responsive fluorescence biosensors for monitoring endogenous inflammasome activation. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 219:114812. [PMID: 36272346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The activation of inflammasome leads to secretion of inflammatory factors and cell pyroptosis that are critical in the pathogenesis of various chronic and acute inflammatory diseases. Recruitment and activation of caspase-1 is a marker of inflammasome activation. However, there is still lack of real-time and efficient methods to detect the activation of inflammasome, especially in vivo. Herein, we developed two activatable caspase-1-responsive fluorescence biosensors, WEHD-HCy and YVAD-HCy, to specifically monitor the activation of inflammasome in vivo. Our in vitro study demonstrated that WEHD-HCy and YVAD-HCy can sensitively and specifically respond to caspase-1 activation. Moreover, these biosensors can efficiency and specifically activated in the common inflammatory disease model, including inflammatory bowel disease, Salmonella infection, and acute arthritis. In particular, WEHD-HCy is more advantageous than YVAD-HCy to specifically image of caspase-1 activity both in vitro and in vivo. These caspase-1-responsive fluorescence biosensors provide an efficient, rapid, and in situ tool for monitoring inflammasome activation, and have the potential to be suitable for clinical diagnosis of various inflammatory diseases associated with inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510145, China
| | - Menglin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510145, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Mingsong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510145, China.
| | - Zijuan Hai
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
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16
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Pore-forming proteins as drivers of membrane permeabilization in cell death pathways. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 24:312-333. [PMID: 36543934 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00564-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) relies on activation and recruitment of pore-forming proteins (PFPs) that function as executioners of specific cell death pathways: apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX), BCL-2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK) and BCL-2-related ovarian killer protein (BOK) for apoptosis, gasdermins (GSDMs) for pyroptosis and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) for necroptosis. Inactive precursors of PFPs are converted into pore-forming entities through activation, membrane recruitment, membrane insertion and oligomerization. These mechanisms involve protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions, proteolytic processing and phosphorylation. In this Review, we discuss the structural rearrangements incurred by RCD-related PFPs and describe the mechanisms that manifest conversion from autoinhibited to membrane-embedded molecular states. We further discuss the formation and maturation of membrane pores formed by BAX/BAK/BOK, GSDMs and MLKL, leading to diverse pore architectures. Lastly, we highlight commonalities and differences of PFP mechanisms involving BAX/BAK/BOK, GSDMs and MLKL and conclude with a discussion on how, in a population of challenged cells, the coexistence of cell death modalities may have profound physiological and pathophysiological implications.
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17
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Baba R, Kabata H, Shirasaki Y, Kamatani T, Yamagishi M, Irie M, Watanabe R, Matsusaka M, Masaki K, Miyata J, Moro K, Uemura S, Fukunaga K. Upregulation of IL-4 receptor signaling pathway in circulating ILC2s from asthma patients. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2022; 1:299-304. [PMID: 37779537 PMCID: PMC10509846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) produce type 2 cytokines by stimulation with epithelial cell-derived cytokines and are implicated in the pathogenesis of various allergic diseases, including asthma. However, differences in the molecular characteristics of ILC2s between patients with asthma and healthy subjects remain unclear. Objective We sought to evaluate differences in cytokine production capacity and gene expression profile of ILC2s in the peripheral blood of patients with asthma and healthy subjects. Methods We evaluated ILC2s derived from 15 patients with asthma and 7 healthy subjects using flow cytometry, live-cell imaging of secretion activity analysis, and RNA-sequencing. Results ILC2s were sorted as CD45+Lineage-CRTH2+CD127+CD161+ cells from the peripheral blood of patients with asthma and healthy subjects, and the number of ILC2s was decreased in patients with asthma (851 ± 1134 vs 2679 ± 3009 cells/20 mL blood; P = .0066). However, patient-derived ILC2s were activated to produce more IL-5 and IL-13 in response to stimulation with IL-2, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin compared with healthy subject-derived ILC2s (P = .0032 and P = .0085, respectively). Furthermore, RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that patient-derived ILC2s had different gene expression profiles, such as increased expression in cell growth-related genes (CDKN1b, CCNG2, CCND2, CCN1), prostaglandin E receptor (PTGER2), and IL-4 receptor. In addition, a gene set of the IL-4 receptor signaling pathway was significantly upregulated in ILC2s in patients with asthma (P = .042). Conclusions Our results suggest that circulating ILC2s in patients with asthma are preactivated via the IL-4 receptor signaling pathway and produce IL-5 and IL-13 vigorously by stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Baba
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kabata
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shirasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamatani
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of AI Technology Development, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Precision Cancer Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Live Cell Diagnosis, Ltd, Asaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Misato Irie
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Watanabe
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Matsusaka
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Masaki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Miyata
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Moro
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sotaro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Oizumi T, Mayanagi T, Toya Y, Sugai T, Matsumoto T, Sobue K. NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor OLT1177 Suppresses Onset of Inflammation in Mice with Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:2912-2921. [PMID: 34345943 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS NLRP3 inflammasomes have been reported to have a key role in the initiation and perpetuation of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Here we investigated the effects of OLT1177, a selective inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasomes, in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were given drinking water containing 3% DSS for 5 days. OLT1177 was administered for 5 days during the induction phase (simultaneously with DSS treatment) or the recovery phase (after the DSS treatment ended). The body weight and disease activity index were monitored daily. The mice were sacrificed 10 days after the start of the experiment, and the severity of inflammation in the colon was determined based on histological and biochemical analyses. RESULTS Administration of OLT1177 during the induction phase effectively suppressed DSS colitis in terms of weight loss, disease activity index, histological score, and expression of inflammatory cytokines compared to the DSS group. In contrast, OLT1177 administration during the recovery phase did not significantly affect the colitis disease course or the results of histological analyses. CONCLUSIONS OLT1177 was effective in preventing the onset of DSS colitis in mice. These results could guide the use of OLT1177 as a therapy for human IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Oizumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Shiwa, 028-3695, Japan.
| | - Taira Mayanagi
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Toya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Shiwa, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sugai
- Division of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Shiwa, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Kenji Sobue
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
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19
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Matsui Y, Takemura N, Shirasaki Y, Takahama M, Noguchi Y, Ikoma K, Pan Y, Nishida S, Taura M, Nakayama A, Funatsu T, Misawa T, Harada Y, Sunazuka T, Saitoh T. Nanaomycin E inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. Int Immunol 2022; 34:505-518. [PMID: 35759801 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is a cytosolic innate immune receptor that senses organelle dysfunction induced by various stimuli, such as infectious, environmental, metabolic, and drug stresses. Upon activation, NLRP3 forms an inflammasome with its adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and caspase-1, to trigger the release of inflammatory cytokines. The development of effective anti-inflammatory drugs targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome is in high demand as its aberrant activation often causes inflammatory diseases. Here, we found that nanaomycin A (NNM-A), a quinone-based antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces, effectively inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory responses induced by imidazoquinolines, including imiquimod. Interestingly, its epoxy derivative nanaomycin E (NNM-E) showed a comparable inhibitory effect against the NLRP3 inflammasome-induced release of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 from macrophages, with a much lower toxicity than NNM-A. NNM-E inhibited ASC oligomerization and caspase-1 cleavage, both of which are hallmarks of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. NNM-E reduced mitochondrial damage and the production of reactive oxygen species, thereby preventing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. NNM-E treatment markedly alleviated psoriasis-like skin inflammation induced by imiquimod. Collectively, NNM-E inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction with little toxicity and showed an anti-inflammatory effect in vivo. Thus, NNM-E could be a potential lead compound for developing effective and safe anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Matsui
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Takemura
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shirasaki
- Laboratory of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Takahama
- Division of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Noguchi
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Ikoma
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yixi Pan
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishida
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Taura
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Nakayama
- Division of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Funatsu
- Laboratory of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Misawa
- Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshie Harada
- Laboratory for Nanobiology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sunazuka
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Saitoh
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Rodriguez Gama A, Miller T, Lange JJ, Unruh JR, Halfmann R. A nucleation barrier spring-loads the CBM signalosome for binary activation. eLife 2022; 11:79826. [PMID: 35727133 PMCID: PMC9342958 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells activate in binary, switch-like fashion via large protein assemblies known as signalosomes, but the molecular mechanism of the switch is not yet understood. Here, we employed an in-cell biophysical approach to dissect the assembly mechanism of the CARD-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) signalosome, which governs nuclear transcription factor-κB activation in both innate and adaptive immunity. We found that the switch consists of a sequence-encoded and deeply conserved nucleation barrier to ordered polymerization by the adaptor protein BCL10. The particular structure of the BCL10 polymers did not matter for activity. Using optogenetic tools and single-cell transcriptional reporters, we discovered that endogenous BCL10 is functionally supersaturated even in unstimulated human cells, and this results in a predetermined response to stimulation upon nucleation by activated CARD multimers. Our findings may inform on the progressive nature of age-associated inflammation, and suggest that signalosome structure has evolved via selection for kinetic rather than equilibrium properties of the proteins. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defence against pathogens. Although innate immune cells do not recognize specific disease-causing agents, they can detect extremely low levels of harmful organisms or substances. In response, they activate signals that lead to inflammation, which tells other cells that there is an infection. Innate immune cells are turned on in a switch-like fashion, becoming active very quickly after interacting with a pathogen. This is due to the action of signalosomes, large complexes made up of several proteins that clump together to form long chains that activate the cell. But how do these large protein complexes assemble quick enough to create the switch-like activation observed in innate immune cells? To answer this question, Rodríguez Gama et al. focused on the CBM signalosome, which is involved in triggering inflammation through the activation of a protein called NF-kB. First, Rodríguez Gama et al. used genetic tools to determine that activating the CBM signalosome drives a switch-like activation of NF-kB in cells. This means that individual cells in a population either become fully activated or not at all in response to minute amounts of harmful substances. Once they had established this, Rodríguez Gama et al. wanted to know which protein in the CBM signalosome was responsible for the switch. They found that one of the proteins in the signalosome, called BCL10, has a ‘nucleation barrier’ encoded in its sequence. This means that it is very hard for BCL10 to start clumping together, but once it does, the clumps grow on their own. The nucleation barrier describes exactly how hard it is for these clumps to get started, and is determined by how disorganized the protein is. When a pathogen ‘stimulates’ an immune cell, a tiny template is formed that lowers the nucleation barrier so that BCL10 can then aggregate itself together, leading to the switch-like behaviour observed. The nucleation barrier allows there to be more than enough BCL10 present in the cell at all times – ready to clump together at a moment’s notice – and this permits the cell to detect very low levels of a pathogen. Rodríguez Gama et al. then tested whether BCL10 from other animals also has a nucleation barrier. They found that this feature is conserved from cnidarians, such as corals or jellyfish, to mammals, including humans. This suggests that the use of nucleation barriers to regulate innate immune signalling has existed for a long time throughout evolution. The work by Rodríguez Gama et al. broadens our understanding of how the innate immune system senses and responds to extremely low levels of pathogens. That BCL10 is always ready to clump together suggests it may be a driving force for chronic and age-associated inflammation. Additionally, the findings of Rodríguez Gama et al. also offer insights into how other signalosomes may become activated, and offer the possibility of new drugs aimed at modifying nucleation barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tayla Miller
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Lange
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States
| | - Jay R Unruh
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States
| | - Randal Halfmann
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States
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21
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Zheng J, Jiang Z, Song Y, Huang S, Du Y, Yang X, Xiao Y, Ma Z, Xu D, Li J. 3,4-Methylenedioxy-β-Nitrostyrene Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium–Induced Mouse Colitis by Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:866228. [PMID: 35784693 PMCID: PMC9240698 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.866228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported to be associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Therefore inhibiting inflammasome activation could be a new approach to treat IBD. Inflammasome inhibitors NLRP3-IN-2, JC124, and 3,4-methylenedioxy-β-nitrostyrene (MNS) were previously reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects in various disease models but not in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced colitis model. Here, we showed that MNS was more efficient in inhibiting the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by blocking oligomerization of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) than NLRP3-IN-2 and JC124. To investigate the protective effects of MNS on enteritis, we administered intragastric MNS to DSS-induced colitis mice. The results demonstrated that MNS attenuated DSS-induced body weight loss, colon length shortening, and pathological damage. In addition, MNS inhibited the infiltration of macrophages and inflammatory cells and reduced IL-1β and IL-12p40 pro-inflammatory cytokines but had no significant effect on tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-6. Furthermore, we also found that the differentiation of IL-17A+interferon-γ (IFN-γ)+CD4+ T cell was decreased in the colon after MNS treatment, which might be mediated by IL-1β, etc. cytokine release. Taken together, MNS alleviated DSS-induced intestinal inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which may function as an effective therapeutic for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongxin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Shu Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhang Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihui Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dakang Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Dakang Xu, ; Jing Li,
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Dakang Xu, ; Jing Li,
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22
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Liu D, Zhong Z, Karin M. NF-κB: A Double-Edged Sword Controlling Inflammation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1250. [PMID: 35740272 PMCID: PMC9219609 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, when properly mounted and precisely calibrated, is a beneficial process that enables the rapid removal of invading pathogens and/or cellular corpses and promotes tissue repair/regeneration to restore homeostasis after injury. Being a paradigm of a rapid response transcription factor, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor family plays a central role in amplifying inflammation by inducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Additionally, NF-κB also induces the expression of pro-survival and -proliferative genes responsible for promoting tissue repair and regeneration. Paradoxically, recent studies have suggested that the NF-κB pathway can also exert inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine production to temper inflammation. Here, we review our current understanding about the pro- and anti-inflammatory roles of NF-κB and discuss the implication of its dichotomous inflammation-modulating activity in the context of inflammasome activation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhui Liu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Zhenyu Zhong
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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23
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Garland KM, Sheehy TL, Wilson JT. Chemical and Biomolecular Strategies for STING Pathway Activation in Cancer Immunotherapy. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5977-6039. [PMID: 35107989 PMCID: PMC8994686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) cellular signaling pathway is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Activation of the intracellular STING protein triggers the production of a multifaceted array of immunostimulatory molecules, which, in the proper context, can drive dendritic cell maturation, antitumor macrophage polarization, T cell priming and activation, natural killer cell activation, vascular reprogramming, and/or cancer cell death, resulting in immune-mediated tumor elimination and generation of antitumor immune memory. Accordingly, there is a significant amount of ongoing preclinical and clinical research toward further understanding the role of the STING pathway in cancer immune surveillance as well as the development of modulators of the pathway as a strategy to stimulate antitumor immunity. Yet, the efficacy of STING pathway agonists is limited by many drug delivery and pharmacological challenges. Depending on the class of STING agonist and the desired administration route, these may include poor drug stability, immunocellular toxicity, immune-related adverse events, limited tumor or lymph node targeting and/or retention, low cellular uptake and intracellular delivery, and a complex dependence on the magnitude and kinetics of STING signaling. This review provides a concise summary of the STING pathway, highlighting recent biological developments, immunological consequences, and implications for drug delivery. This review also offers a critical analysis of an expanding arsenal of chemical strategies that are being employed to enhance the efficacy, safety, and/or clinical utility of STING pathway agonists and lastly draws attention to several opportunities for therapeutic advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Garland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235 United States
| | - Taylor L Sheehy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235 United States
| | - John T Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235 United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235 United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232 United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232 United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232 United States
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232 United States
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24
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Regulation of the release of damage-associated molecular patterns from necroptotic cells. Biochem J 2022; 479:677-685. [PMID: 35293986 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are molecules within living cells that are released when cell membranes are ruptured. Although DAMPs have physiological functions inside the cell, once DAMPs are released extracellularly, they elicit various biological responses, including inflammation, proliferation, tissue damage, and tissue repair, in a context-dependent manner. In past decades, it was assumed that the release of DAMPs was induced by a membrane rupture, caused by passive ATP depletion, or by chemical or mechanical damage to the membrane. However, that concept has been challenged by recent advancements in understanding the regulation of cell death. Necroptosis is a form of regulated cell death, where cells show necrotic morphology. Necroptosis is triggered by death receptors, toll-like receptors, and some viral infections. The membrane rupture is executed by the mixed lineage-like kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL), which forms oligomers that translocate to the plasma membrane during necroptosis. Although the causal relationship between MLKL function and membrane rupture has been extensively investigated, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which oligomerized MLKL induces membrane rupture are not fully understood. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding how MLKL regulates DAMP release and new technologies for visualizing DAMP release at single-cell resolution.
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25
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Liu J, Fan G, Tao N, Sun T. Role of Pyroptosis in Respiratory Diseases and its Therapeutic Potential. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2033-2050. [PMID: 35370413 PMCID: PMC8974246 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s352563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an inflammatory type of regulated cell death that is dependent on inflammasome activation and downstream proteases such as caspase-1 or caspase 4/5/11. The main executors are gasdermins, which have an inherent pore-forming function on the membrane and release inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and high mobility group box 1. Emerging evidence demonstrates that pyroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of various pulmonary diseases. In this review, we mainly discuss the biological mechanisms of pyroptosis, explore the relationship between pyroptosis and respiratory diseases, and discuss emerging therapeutic strategies for respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningning Tao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tieying Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Tieying Sun, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Beijing Hospital, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15153169108, Email
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26
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Apoptosis, Pyroptosis, and Necroptosis-Oh My! The Many Ways a Cell Can Die. J Mol Biol 2021; 434:167378. [PMID: 34838807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is an essential process in all living organisms and occurs through different mechanisms. The three main types of programmed cell death are apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, and each of these pathways employs complex molecular and cellular mechanisms. Although there are mechanisms and outcomes specific to each pathway, they share common components and features. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries in these three best understood modes of cell death, highlighting their singularities, and examining the intriguing notion that common players shape different individual pathways in this highly interconnected and coordinated cell death system. Understanding the similarities and differences of these cell death processes is crucial to enable targeted strategies to manipulate these pathways for therapeutic benefit.
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27
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Nandi D, Shivrayan M, Gao J, Krishna J, Das R, Liu B, Thanyumanavan S, Kulkarni A. Core Hydrophobicity of Supramolecular Nanoparticles Induces NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45300-45314. [PMID: 34543013 PMCID: PMC8761361 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Designer nanomaterials capable of delivering immunomodulators to specific immune cells have been extensively studied. However, emerging evidence suggests that several of these nanomaterials can nonspecifically activate NLRP3 inflammasomes, an intracellular multiprotein complex controlling various immune cell functions, leading to undesirable effects. To understand what nanoparticle attributes activate inflammasomes, we designed a multiparametric polymer supramolecular nanoparticle system to modulate various surface and core nanoparticle-associated molecular patterns (NAMPs), one at a time. We also investigated several underlying signaling pathways, including lysosomal rupture-cathepsin B maturation and calcium flux-mitochondrial ROS production, to gain mechanistic insights into NAMPs-mediated inflammasome activation. Here, we report that out of the four NAMPs tested, core hydrophobicity strongly activates and positively correlates with the NLRP3 assembly compared to surface charge, core rigidity, and surface hydrophobicity. Moreover, we demonstrate different signaling inclinations and kinetics followed by differential core hydrophobicity patterns with the most hydrophobic ones exhibiting both lysosomal rupture and calcium influx early on. Altogether, this study will help design the next generation of polymeric nanomaterials for specific regulation of inflammasome activation, aiding efficient immunotherapy and vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika Nandi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Manisha Shivrayan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Jingjing Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Jithu Krishna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Ritam Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - S. Thanyumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Ashish Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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28
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Nandi D, Farid NSS, Karuppiah HAR, Kulkarni A. Imaging Approaches to Monitor Inflammasome Activation. J Mol Biol 2021; 434:167251. [PMID: 34537231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are a critical component of innate immune response which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various chronic and acute inflammatory disease conditions. An inflammasome complex consists of a multimeric protein assembly triggered by any form of pathogenic or sterile insult, resulting in caspase-1 activation. This active enzyme is further known to activate downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines along with a pore-forming protein, eventually leading to a lytic cell death called pyroptosis. Understanding the spatiotemporal kinetics of essential inflammasome components provides a better interpretation of the complex signaling underlying inflammation during several disease pathologies. This can be attained via in-vitro and in-vivo imaging platforms, which not only provide a basic understanding of molecular signaling but are also crucial to develop and screen targeted therapeutics. To date, numerous studies have reported platforms to image different signaling components participating in inflammasome activation. Here, we review several elements of inflammasome signaling, a common molecular mechanism combining these elements and their respective imaging tools. We anticipate that future needs will include developing new inflammasome imaging systems that can be utilized as clinical tools for diagnostics and monitoring treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika Nandi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. https://twitter.com/dipikanandi24
| | - Noorul Shaheen Sheikh Farid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. https://twitter.com/Shaheen30n
| | - Hayat Anu Ranjani Karuppiah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. https://twitter.com/AnuHayat
| | - Ashish Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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29
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Kawashima Y, Nishikomori R, Ohara O. Multiomic technologies for analyses of inborn errors of immunity: from snapshot of the average cell to dynamic temporal picture at single-cell resolution. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:19. [PMID: 34193319 PMCID: PMC8247241 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in DNA sequencing technology have significantly impacted human genetics; they have enabled the analysis of genetic causes of rare diseases, which are usually pathogenic variants in a single gene at the nucleotide sequence level. However, since the quantity of data regarding the relationship between genotype and phenotype is insufficient to diagnose some rare immune diseases definitively, genetic information alone cannot help obtain a mechanistic understanding of the disease etiology. For such cases, exploring the molecular phenotype using multiomic analyses could be the approach of choice. In this review, we first overview current technologies for multiomic analysis, particularly focusing on RNA and protein profiling of bulk cell ensembles. We then discuss the measurement modality and granularity issue because it is critical to design multiomic experiments properly. Next, we illustrate the importance of bioimaging by describing our experience with the analysis of an autoinflammatory disease, cryopyrin-associated periodic fever syndrome, which could be caused by low-frequency somatic mosaicism and cannot be well characterized only by multiomic snapshot analyses of an ensemble of many immune cells. We found it powerful to complement the multiomic data with bioimaging data that can provide us with indispensable time-specific dynamic information of every single cell in the "immune cell society." Because we now have many measurement tools in different modalities and granularity to tackle the etiology of rare hereditary immune diseases, we might gain a deeper understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of these diseases by taking full advantage of these tools in an integrated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kawashima
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Ryuta Nishikomori
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, 292-0818, Japan.
- Future Medicine Education and Research Organization, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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30
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A single-cell analytical approach to quantify activated caspase-3/7 during osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5085-5093. [PMID: 34169347 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The protein heterogeneity at the single-cell level has been recognized to be vital for an understanding of various life processes during animal development. In addition, the knowledge of accurate quantity of relevant proteins at cellular level is essential for appropriate interpretation of diagnostic and therapeutic results. Some low-copy-number proteins are known to play a crucial role during cell proliferation, differentiation, and also in apoptosis. The fate decision is often based on the concentration of these proteins in the individual cells. This is likely to apply also for caspases, cysteine proteases traditionally associated with cell death via apoptosis but recently being discovered also as important factors in cell proliferation and differentiation. The hypothesis was tested in bone-related cells, where modulation of fate from apoptosis to proliferation/differentiation and vice versa is particularly challenging, e.g., towards anti-osteoporotic treatments and anti-cancer strategies. An ultrasensitive and highly selective method based on bioluminescence photon counting was used to quantify activated caspase-3/7 in order to demonstrate protein-level heterogeneity in individual cells within one population and to associate quantitative measurements with different cell fates (proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis). The results indicate a gradual increase of caspase-3/7 activation from the proliferative status to differentiation (more than three times) and towards apoptosis (more than six times). The findings clearly support one of the putative key mechanisms of non-apoptotic functions of pro-apoptotic caspases based on fine-tuning of their activation levels.
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31
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Suryavanshi SV, Kovalchuk I, Kovalchuk O. Cannabinoids as Key Regulators of Inflammasome Signaling: A Current Perspective. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613613. [PMID: 33584697 PMCID: PMC7876066 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytoplasmic inflammatory signaling protein complexes that detect microbial materials, sterile inflammatory insults, and certain host-derived elements. Inflammasomes, once activated, promote caspase-1–mediated maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, leading to pyroptosis. Current advances in inflammasome research support their involvement in the development of chronic inflammatory disorders in contrast to their role in regulating innate immunity. Cannabis (marijuana) is a natural product obtained from the Cannabis sativa plant, and pharmacologically active ingredients of the plant are referred to as cannabinoids. Cannabinoids and cannabis extracts have recently emerged as promising novel drugs for chronic medical conditions. Growing evidence indicates the potent anti-inflammatory potential of cannabinoids, especially Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and synthetic cannabinoids; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Several attempts have been made to decipher the role of cannabinoids in modulating inflammasome signaling in the etiology of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss recently published evidence on the effect of cannabinoids on inflammasome signaling. We also discuss the contribution of various cannabinoids in human diseases concerning inflammasome regulation. Lastly, in the milieu of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we confer available evidence linking inflammasome activation to the pathophysiology of COVID-19 suggesting overall, the importance of cannabinoids as possible drugs to target inflammasome activation in or to support the treatment of a variety of human disorders including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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32
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Rodríguez Gama A, Miller T, Halfmann R. Mechanics of a molecular mousetrap-nucleation-limited innate immune signaling. Biophys J 2021; 120:1150-1160. [PMID: 33460595 PMCID: PMC8059202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune responses, such as cell death and inflammatory signaling, are typically switch-like in nature. They also involve "prion-like" self-templating polymerization of one or more signaling proteins into massive macromolecular assemblies known as signalosomes. Despite the wealth of atomic-resolution structural information on signalosomes, how the constituent polymers nucleate and whether the switch-like nature of that event at the molecular scale relates to the digital nature of innate immune signaling at the cellular scale remains unknown. In this perspective, we review current knowledge of innate immune signalosome assembly, with an emphasis on structural constraints that allow the proteins to accumulate in inactive soluble forms poised for abrupt polymerization. We propose that structurally encoded nucleation barriers to protein polymerization kinetically regulate the corresponding pathways, which allows for extremely sensitive, rapid, and decisive signaling upon pathogen detection. We discuss how nucleation barriers satisfy the rigorous on-demand functions of the innate immune system but also predispose the system to precocious activation that may contribute to progressive age-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tayla Miller
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Randal Halfmann
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
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33
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Yamagishi M, Shirasaki Y. Live-Cell Imaging Technique to Visualize DAMPs Release During Regulated Cell Death. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2274:337-352. [PMID: 34050484 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1258-3_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present protocol introduces a live-cell imaging of secretion activity (LCI-S) that is useful to visualize the real-time release of molecules from individual cells using an immunoassay coupled with total internal reflection fluorescence (FL) microscopy. This novel "live"-cell imaging technique has helped uncover the dynamics of regulated cell "death" by using this new approach. This protocol can observe the final stages of the regulated cell death process via single-cell imaging by targeting the extracellular release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from the cells expressing fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors, such as a sensor for MLKL activation by RIPK3 based on FRET (SMART) and a sensor for caspase-1 activation based on FRET (SCAT1), which specifically identify the occurrence of regulated cell death processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shirasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan.
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34
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Cryptococcus neoformans Secretes Small Molecules That Inhibit IL-1 β Inflammasome-Dependent Secretion. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:3412763. [PMID: 33380899 PMCID: PMC7748918 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3412763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that causes disease mainly in immunosuppressed hosts. It is considered a facultative intracellular pathogen because of its capacity to survive and replicate inside phagocytes, especially macrophages. This ability is heavily dependent on various virulence factors, particularly the glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) component of the polysaccharide capsule. Inflammasome activation in phagocytes is usually protective against fungal infections, including cryptococcosis. Nevertheless, recognition of C. neoformans by inflammasome receptors requires specific changes in morphology or the opsonization of the yeast, impairing proper inflammasome function. In this context, we analyzed the impact of molecules secreted by C. neoformans B3501 strain and its acapsular mutant Δcap67 in inflammasome activation in an in vitro model. Our results showed that conditioned media derived from B3501 was capable of inhibiting inflammasome-dependent events (i.e., IL-1β secretion and LDH release via pyroptosis) more strongly than conditioned media from Δcap67, regardless of GXM presence. We also demonstrated that macrophages treated with conditioned media were less responsive against infection with the virulent strain H99, exhibiting lower rates of phagocytosis, increased fungal burdens, and enhanced vomocytosis. Moreover, we showed that the aromatic metabolite DL-Indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) and DL-p-Hydroxyphenyllactic acid (HPLA) were present in B3501's conditioned media and that ILA alone or with HPLA is involved in the regulation of inflammasome activation by C. neoformans. These results were confirmed by in vivo experiments, where exposure to conditioned media led to higher fungal burdens in Acanthamoeba castellanii culture as well as in higher fungal loads in the lungs of infected mice. Overall, the results presented show that conditioned media from a wild-type strain can inhibit a vital recognition pathway and subsequent fungicidal functions of macrophages, contributing to fungal survival in vitro and in vivo and suggesting that secretion of aromatic metabolites, such as ILA, during cryptococcal infections fundamentally impacts pathogenesis.
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Akhade AS, Atif SM, Lakshmi BS, Dikshit N, Hughes KT, Qadri A, Subramanian N. Type 1 interferon-dependent repression of NLRC4 and iPLA2 licenses down-regulation of Salmonella flagellin inside macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:29811-29822. [PMID: 33177235 PMCID: PMC7703570 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002747117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes have been implicated in the detection and clearance of a variety of bacterial pathogens, but little is known about whether this innate sensing mechanism has any regulatory effect on the expression of stimulatory ligands by the pathogen. During infection with Salmonella and many other pathogens, flagellin is a major activator of NLRC4 inflammasome-mediated macrophage pyroptosis and pathogen eradication. Salmonella switches to a flagellin-low phenotype as infection progresses to avoid this mechanism of clearance by the host. However, the host cues that Salmonella perceives to undergo this switch remain unclear. Here, we report an unexpected role of the NLRC4 inflammasome in promoting expression of its microbial ligand, flagellin, and identify a role for type 1 IFN signaling in switching of Salmonella to a flagellin-low phenotype. Early in infection, activation of NLRC4 by flagellin initiates pyroptosis and concomitant release of lysophospholipids which in turn enhance expression of flagellin by Salmonella thereby amplifying its ability to elicit cell death. TRIF-dependent production of type 1 IFN, however, later represses NLRC4 and the lysophospholipid biosynthetic enzyme iPLA2, causing a decline in intracellular lysophospholipids that results in down-regulation of flagellin expression by Salmonella These findings reveal a previously unrecognized immune-modulating regulatory cross-talk between endosomal TLR signaling and cytosolic NLR activation with significant implications for the establishment of infection with Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaikh M Atif
- Hybridoma Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, 110067 New Delhi, India
| | | | - Neha Dikshit
- Hybridoma Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, 110067 New Delhi, India
| | - Kelly T Hughes
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Ayub Qadri
- Hybridoma Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, 110067 New Delhi, India;
| | - Naeha Subramanian
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109;
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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Mollaei M, Abbasi A, Hassan ZM, Pakravan N. The intrinsic and extrinsic elements regulating inflammation. Life Sci 2020; 260:118258. [PMID: 32818542 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a sophisticated biological tissue response to both extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli. Although the pathological aspects of inflammation are well appreciated, there are still rooms for understanding the physiological functions of the inflammation. Recent studies have focused on mechanisms, context and the role of physiological inflammation. Besides, there have been progress in the comprehension of commensal microbiota, immunometabolism, cancer and intracellular signaling events' roles that impact on the regulation of inflammation. Despite the fact that inflammatory responses are vital through tissue damage, understanding the mechanisms to turn off the finished or unnecessary inflammation is crucial for restoring homeostasis. Inflammation seems to be a smart process that acts like two edges of a sword, meaning that it has both protective and deleterious consequences. Knowing both edges and the regulation processes will help the future understanding and therapy for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mollaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran.
| | - A Abbasi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
| | - Z M Hassan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
| | - N Pakravan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Science, Iran
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Chan AH, Schroder K. Inflammasome signaling and regulation of interleukin-1 family cytokines. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20190314. [PMID: 31611248 PMCID: PMC7037238 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific IL-1 family cytokines are initially expressed as inactive, cytosolic pro-forms. Chan and Schroder review inflammasome signaling and cell death decisions, mechanisms underpinning IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-37 maturation and release, and the functions of these cytokines in protective and pathological inflammation. Specific IL-1 family cytokines are expressed by cells as cytosolic pro-forms that require cleavage for their activity and cellular release. IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-37 maturation and secretion is governed by inflammatory caspases within signaling platforms called inflammasomes. By inducing pyroptosis, inflammasomes can also drive the release of the alarmin IL-1α. Recent advances have transformed our mechanistic understanding of inflammasome signaling, cell death decisions, and cytokine activation and secretion. Here, we provide an updated view of inflammasome signaling; mechanisms underpinning IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-37 maturation and release; and the functions of these cytokines in protective and pathological inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H Chan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Institute for Molecular Bioscience Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
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Yokel RA, Tseng MT, Butterfield DA, Hancock ML, Grulke EA, Unrine JM, Stromberg AJ, Dozier AK, Graham UM. Nanoceria distribution and effects are mouse-strain dependent. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:827-846. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1770887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Yokel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Michael T. Tseng
- Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Matthew L. Hancock
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eric A. Grulke
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jason M. Unrine
- Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | | | - Uschi M. Graham
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- CDC, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Yamagishi M, Ohara O, Shirasaki Y. Microfluidic Immunoassays for Time-Resolved Measurement of Protein Secretion from Single Cells. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:67-84. [PMID: 32031877 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091619-101212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of humoral factors secreted from cells has served as an indispensable method to monitor the states of a cell ensemble because humoral factors play crucial roles in cell-cell interaction and aptly reflect the states of individual cells. Although a cell ensemble consisting of a large number of cells has conventionally been the object of such measurements, recent advances in microfluidic technology together with highly sensitive immunoassays have enabled us to quantify secreted humoral factors even from individual cells in either a population or a temporal context. Many groups have reported various miniaturized platforms for immunoassays of proteins secreted from single cells. This review focuses on the current status of time-resolved assay platforms for protein secretion with single-cell resolution. We also discuss future perspectives of time-resolved immunoassays from the viewpoint of systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Yamagishi
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- The Futuristic Medical Care Education and Research Organization, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shirasaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Plasma membrane damage causes NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2270. [PMID: 32385301 PMCID: PMC7210277 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a global health problem in part as a result of extensive cytotoxicity caused by the infection. Here, we show how M. tuberculosis causes caspase-1/NLRP3/gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis of human monocytes and macrophages. A type VII secretion system (ESX-1) mediated, contact-induced plasma membrane damage response occurs during phagocytosis of bacteria. Alternatively, this can occur from the cytosolic side of the plasma membrane after phagosomal rupture in infected macrophages. This damage causes K+ efflux and activation of NLRP3-dependent IL-1β release and pyroptosis, facilitating the spread of bacteria to neighbouring cells. A dynamic interplay of pyroptosis with ESCRT-mediated plasma membrane repair also occurs. This dual plasma membrane damage seems to be a common mechanism for NLRP3 activators that function through lysosomal damage. Inflammasome activation is a response to bacterial infection but can cause damage and spread infection. Here, the authors use live single-cell imaging to show two mechanisms by which M. tuberculosis causes damage to human macrophage cell plasma membranes, resulting in activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, pyroptosis and release of infectious particles.
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de Vasconcelos NM, Lamkanfi M. Recent Insights on Inflammasomes, Gasdermin Pores, and Pyroptosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a036392. [PMID: 31570336 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes assemble in the cytosol of myeloid and epithelial cells on sensing of cellular stress and pathogen-associated molecular patterns and serve as scaffolds for recruitment and activation of inflammatory caspases. Inflammasomes play beneficial roles in host and immune responses against diverse pathogens but may also promote inflammatory tissue damage if uncontrolled. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a recently identified substrate of murine caspase-1 and caspase-11, and human caspases-1, -4, and -5 that mediates a regulated lytic cell death mode termed pyroptosis. Recent studies have identified pyroptosis as a critical inflammasome effector mechanism that controls inflammasome-dependent cytokine secretion and contributes to antimicrobial defense and inflammasome-mediated autoinflammatory diseases. Here, we review recent developments on inflammasome-associated effector functions with an emphasis on the emerging roles of gasdermin pores and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia M de Vasconcelos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.,VIB-UGhent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Janssen Immunosciences, World Without Disease Accelerator, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
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Tsuchiya K. Inflammasome‐associated cell death: Pyroptosis, apoptosis, and physiological implications. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:252-269. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Tsuchiya
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research InstituteKanazawa UniversityKanazawa Japan
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative (InFiniti)Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa Japan
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Chen KW, Demarco B, Broz P. Beyond inflammasomes: emerging function of gasdermins during apoptosis and NETosis. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103397. [PMID: 31793683 PMCID: PMC6960442 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death is a key mechanism involved in several biological processes ranging from development and homeostasis to immunity, where it promotes the removal of stressed, damaged, malignant or infected cells. Abnormalities in the pathways leading to initiation of cell death or removal of dead cells are consequently associated with a range of human diseases including infections, autoinflammatory disease, neurodegenerative disease and cancer. Apoptosis, pyroptosis and NETosis are three well-studied modes of cell death that were traditionally believed to be independent of one another, but emerging evidence indicates that there is extensive cross-talk between them, and that all three pathways can converge onto the activation of the same cell death effector-the pore-forming protein Gasdermin D (GSDMD). In this review, we highlight recent advances in gasdermin research, with a particular focus on the role of gasdermins in pyroptosis, NETosis and apoptosis, as well as cell type-specific consequences of gasdermin activation. In addition, we discuss controversies surrounding a related gasdermin family protein, Gasdermin E (GSDME), in mediating pyroptosis and secondary necrosis following apoptosis, chemotherapy and inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen W Chen
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Benjamin Demarco
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Petr Broz
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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Apolipoprotein C3 induces inflammation and organ damage by alternative inflammasome activation. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:30-41. [PMID: 31819254 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NLRP3-inflammasome-driven inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. Identification of endogenous inflammasome activators is essential for the development of new anti-inflammatory treatment strategies. Here, we identified that apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in human monocytes by inducing an alternative NLRP3 inflammasome via caspase-8 and dimerization of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Alternative inflammasome activation in human monocytes is mediated by the Toll-like receptor adapter protein SCIMP. This triggers Lyn/Syk-dependent calcium entry and the production of reactive oxygen species, leading to activation of caspase-8. In humanized mouse models, ApoC3 activated human monocytes in vivo to impede endothelial regeneration and promote kidney injury in an NLRP3- and caspase-8-dependent manner. These data provide new insights into the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the pathophysiological role of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins containing ApoC3. Targeting ApoC3 might prevent organ damage and provide an anti-inflammatory treatment for vascular and kidney diseases.
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45
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Ko YJ, Lee JW, Yang EJ, Jang N, Park J, Jeon YK, Yu JW, Cho NH, Kim HS, Chan Kwon I. Non-invasive in vivo imaging of caspase-1 activation enables rapid and spatiotemporal detection of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. Biomaterials 2020; 226:119543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Van Opdenbosch N, Lamkanfi M. Caspases in Cell Death, Inflammation, and Disease. Immunity 2019; 50:1352-1364. [PMID: 31216460 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 722] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Caspases are an evolutionary conserved family of cysteine proteases that are centrally involved in cell death and inflammation responses. A wealth of foundational insight into the molecular mechanisms that control caspase activation has emerged in recent years. Important advancements include the identification of additional inflammasome platforms and pathways that regulate activation of inflammatory caspases; the discovery of gasdermin D as the effector of pyroptosis and interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-18 secretion; and the existence of substantial crosstalk between inflammatory and apoptotic initiator caspases. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating caspase activation has supported initial efforts to modulate dysfunctional cell death and inflammation pathways in a suite of communicable, inflammatory, malignant, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review current understanding of caspase biology with a prime focus on the inflammatory caspases and outline important topics for future experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Van Opdenbosch
- Janssen Immunosciences, World Without Disease Accelerator, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, 2340, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- Janssen Immunosciences, World Without Disease Accelerator, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, 2340, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
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47
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Yamamura K, Ashida H, Okano T, Kinoshita-Daitoku R, Suzuki S, Ohtani K, Hamagaki M, Ikeda T, Suzuki T. Inflammasome Activation Induced by Perfringolysin O of Clostridium perfringens and Its Involvement in the Progression of Gas Gangrene. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2406. [PMID: 31708887 PMCID: PMC6823607 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is Gram-positive anaerobic, spore-forming rod-shaped bacterial pathogen that is widely distributed in nature. This bacterium is known as the causative agent of a foodborne illness and of gas gangrene. While the major virulence factors are the α-toxin and perfringolysin O (PFO) produced by type A strains of C. perfringens, the precise mechanisms of how these toxins induce the development of gas gangrene are still not well understood. In this study, we analyzed the host responses to these toxins, including inflammasome activation, using mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Our results demonstrated, for the first time, that C. perfringens triggers the activation of caspase-1 and release of IL-1β through PFO-mediated inflammasome activation via a receptor of the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family, pyrin-domain containing 3 protein (NLRP3). The PFO-mediated inflammasome activation was not induced in the cultured myocytes. We further analyzed the functional roles of the toxins in inducing myonecrosis in a mouse model of gas gangrene. Although the myonecrosis was found to be largely dependent on the α-toxin, PFO also induced myonecrosis to a lesser extent, again through the mediation of NLRP3. These results suggest that C. perfringens triggers inflammatory responses via PFO-mediated inflammasome activation via NLRP3, and that this axis contributes in part to the progression of gas gangrene. Our findings provide a novel insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of gas gangrene caused by C. perfringens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyonobu Yamamura
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ashida
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokuju Okano
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Kinoshita-Daitoku
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Suzuki
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Ohtani
- Department of Bacteriology and Bacterial Infection, Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Miwako Hamagaki
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Ikeda
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Suzuki
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang F, Zhang L, Lu X, Zhu Q, Shi T, Lu R, Yu P, Zhang H, Wang Y. Inflammatory mechanism of Chlamydia trachomatis-infected HeLa229 cells regulated by Atg5. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:205-210. [PMID: 31585730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The relation between autophagy and Chlamydia trachomatis infection remain inconclusive. In order to further understand the role of autophagy in C. trachomatis-infected cells. Atg5 silenced HeLa229 cell line was used to establish an autophagy inhibition C. trachomatis infection model. The results suggested that Atg5 served a key regulatory role in the autophagy of C. trachomatis-infected cells. Silencing Atg5 significantly inhibited the autophagy level of the infected cells. Furthermore, Atg5 knockdown led to increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α, and decreased secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in C. trachomatis-infected cells after autophagy induction, which suggested the anti-inflammatory role of autophagy during chlamydia infection. This study reveals some physiological and pathological roles of autophagy during C. trachomatis infection, which would provide clues in the treatment of chronic chlamydia infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaofang Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Quan Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Kanellopoulos JM, Delarasse C. Pleiotropic Roles of P2X7 in the Central Nervous System. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:401. [PMID: 31551714 PMCID: PMC6738027 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purinergic receptor P2X7 is expressed in neural and immune cells known to be involved in neurological diseases. Its ligand, ATP, is a signaling molecule that can act as a neurotransmitter in physiological conditions or as a danger signal when released in high amount by damaged/dying cells or activated glial cells. Thus, ATP is a danger-associated molecular pattern. Binding of ATP by P2X7 leads to the activation of different biochemical pathways, depending on the physiological or pathological environment. The aim of this review is to discuss various functions of P2X7 in the immune and central nervous systems. We present evidence that P2X7 may have a detrimental or beneficial role in the nervous system, in the context of neurological pathologies: epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, age-related macular degeneration and cerebral artery occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cécile Delarasse
- Inserm, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
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50
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Westerlund E, Valfridsson C, Yi DX, Persson JJ. The Secreted Virulence Factor NADase of Group A Streptococcus Inhibits P2X7 Receptor-Mediated Release of IL-1β. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1385. [PMID: 31275321 PMCID: PMC6591467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The common human pathogen Group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes superficial as well as invasive, life-threatening diseases. An increase in the occurrence of invasive GAS infection by strains of the M1 and M89 serotypes has been correlated with increased expression of the genetically and functionally linked virulence factors streptolysin O (SLO) and β-NAD+-glycohydrolase (NADase). NADase affects host cells differently depending on its location: its SLO-dependent translocation into the cytosol can lead to cell death through β-NAD+ depletion, while extracellularly located NADase inhibits IL-1β release downstream of Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. In this study, we use a macrophage infection model to investigate the NADase-dependent inhibition of IL-1β release. We show that bacteria expressing a functional NADase evade P2X7 activation, while infection with a NADase-deficient GAS strain leads to a P2X7-mediated increase in IL-1β. Further, our data indicate that in the absence of NADase, IL-1β is released through both P2X7-dependent and -independent pathways, although the precise mechanisms of how this occur are still unclear. This study adds information about the mechanism by which NADase regulates inflammasome-dependent IL-1β release, which may in part explain why increased NADase expression correlates with bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Westerlund
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christine Valfridsson
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daisy X Yi
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jenny J Persson
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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