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Lemma RB, Ledsaak M, Fuglerud BM, Rodríguez-Castañeda F, Eskeland R, Gabrielsen OS. MYB regulates the SUMO protease SENP1 and its novel interaction partner UXT, modulating MYB target genes and the SUMO landscape. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105062. [PMID: 37468105 PMCID: PMC10463205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification frequently found on nuclear proteins, including transcription factors (TFs) and coactivators. By controlling the activity of several TFs, SUMOylation may have far-reaching effects. MYB is an example of a developmental TF subjected to SUMO-mediated regulation, through both SUMO conjugation and SUMO binding. How SUMO affects MYB target genes is unknown. Here, we explored the global effect of reduced SUMOylation of MYB on its downstream gene programs. RNA-Seq in K562 cells after MYB knockdown and rescue with mutants having an altered SUMO status revealed a number of differentially regulated genes and distinct gene ontology term enrichments. Clearly, the SUMO status of MYB both quantitatively and qualitatively affects its regulome. The transcriptome data further revealed that MYB upregulates the SUMO protease SENP1, a key enzyme that removes SUMO conjugation from SUMOylated proteins. Given this role of SENP1 in the MYB regulome, we expanded the analysis, mapped interaction partners of SENP1, and identified UXT as a novel player affecting the SUMO system by acting as a repressor of SENP1. MYB inhibits the expression of UXT suggesting that MYB is able not only to control a specific gene program directly but also indirectly by affecting the SUMO landscape through SENP1 and UXT. These findings suggest an autoactivation loop whereby MYB, through enhancing SENP1 and reducing UXT, is itself being activated by a reduced level of repressive SUMOylation. We propose that overexpressed MYB, seen in multiple cancers, may drive this autoactivation loop and contribute to oncogenic activation of MYB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza Berhanu Lemma
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Marit Ledsaak
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Ragnhild Eskeland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Zhou T, Chen Y, Liao Z, Zhang L, Su D, Li Z, Yang X, Ke X, Liu H, Chen Y, Weng R, Shen H, Xu C, Wan Y, Xu R, Su P. Spatiotemporal Characterization of Human Early Intervertebral Disc Formation at Single-Cell Resolution. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206296. [PMID: 36965031 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) acts as a fibrocartilaginous joint to anchor adjacent vertebrae. Although several studies have demonstrated the cellular heterogeneity of adult mature IVDs, a single-cell transcriptomic atlas mapping early IVD formation is still lacking. Here, the authors generate a spatiotemporal and single cell-based transcriptomic atlas of human IVD formation at the embryonic stage and a comparative mouse transcript landscape. They identify two novel human notochord (NC)/nucleus pulposus (NP) clusters, SRY-box transcription factor 10 (SOX10)+ and cathepsin K (CTSK)+ , that are distributed in the early and late stages of IVD formation and they are validated by lineage tracing experiments in mice. Matrisome NC/NP clusters, T-box transcription factor T (TBXT)+ and CTSK+ , are responsible for the extracellular matrix homeostasis. The IVD atlas suggests that a subcluster of the vertebral chondrocyte subcluster might give rise to an inner annulus fibrosus of chondrogenic origin, while the fibroblastic outer annulus fibrosus preferentially expresseds transgelin and fibromodulin . Through analyzing intercellular crosstalk, the authors further find that notochordal secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) is a novel cue in the IVD microenvironment, and it is associated with IVD development and degeneration. In conclusion, the single-cell transcriptomic atlas will be leveraged to develop preventative and regenerative strategies for IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taifeng Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhiheng Liao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Deying Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics and State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhuling Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaona Ke
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hengyu Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuyu Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ricong Weng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huimin Shen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Caixia Xu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ren Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Peiqiang Su
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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3
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Salma M, Andrieu-Soler C, Deleuze V, Soler E. High-throughput methods for the analysis of transcription factors and chromatin modifications: Low input, single cell and spatial genomic technologies. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2023; 101:102745. [PMID: 37121019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide analysis of transcription factors and epigenomic features is instrumental to shed light on DNA-templated regulatory processes such as transcription, cellular differentiation or to monitor cellular responses to environmental cues. Two decades of technological developments have led to a rich set of approaches progressively pushing the limits of epigenetic profiling towards single cells. More recently, disruptive technologies using innovative biochemistry came into play. Assays such as CUT&RUN, CUT&Tag and variations thereof show considerable potential to survey multiple TFs or histone modifications in parallel from a single experiment and in native conditions. These are in the path to become the dominant assays for genome-wide analysis of TFs and chromatin modifications in bulk, single-cell, and spatial genomic applications. The principles together with pros and cons are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salma
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Université de Paris, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, France
| | - Charlotte Andrieu-Soler
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Université de Paris, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, France
| | - Virginie Deleuze
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Université de Paris, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, France
| | - Eric Soler
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Université de Paris, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, France.
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4
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In Vitro Human Haematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion and Differentiation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060896. [PMID: 36980237 PMCID: PMC10046976 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The haematopoietic system plays an essential role in our health and survival. It is comprised of a range of mature blood and immune cell types, including oxygen-carrying erythrocytes, platelet-producing megakaryocytes and infection-fighting myeloid and lymphoid cells. Self-renewing multipotent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and a range of intermediate haematopoietic progenitor cell types differentiate into these mature cell types to continuously support haematopoietic system homeostasis throughout life. This process of haematopoiesis is tightly regulated in vivo and primarily takes place in the bone marrow. Over the years, a range of in vitro culture systems have been developed, either to expand haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells or to differentiate them into the various haematopoietic lineages, based on the use of recombinant cytokines, co-culture systems and/or small molecules. These approaches provide important tractable models to study human haematopoiesis in vitro. Additionally, haematopoietic cell culture systems are being developed and clinical tested as a source of cell products for transplantation and transfusion medicine. This review discusses the in vitro culture protocols for human HSC expansion and differentiation, and summarises the key factors involved in these biological processes.
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5
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Haghverdi L, Ludwig LS. Single-cell multi-omics and lineage tracing to dissect cell fate decision-making. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:13-25. [PMID: 36630900 PMCID: PMC9860164 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of cell fate relates to the future identity of a cell, and its daughters, which is obtained via cell differentiation and division. Understanding, predicting, and manipulating cell fate has been a long-sought goal of developmental and regenerative biology. Recent insights obtained from single-cell genomic and integrative lineage-tracing approaches have further aided to identify molecular features predictive of cell fate. In this perspective, we discuss these approaches with a focus on theoretical concepts and future directions of the field to dissect molecular mechanisms underlying cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Haghverdi
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Leif S. Ludwig
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Corresponding author
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6
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Qin J, Zhang J, Jiang J, Zhang B, Li J, Lin X, Wang S, Zhu M, Fan Z, Lv Y, He L, Chen L, Yue W, Li Y, Pei X. Direct chemical reprogramming of human cord blood erythroblasts to induced megakaryocytes that produce platelets. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1229-1245.e7. [PMID: 35931032 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming somatic cells into megakaryocytes (MKs) would provide a promising source of platelets. However, using a pharmacological approach to generate human MKs from somatic cells remains an unmet challenge. Here, we report that a combination of four small molecules (4M) successfully converted human cord blood erythroblasts (EBs) into induced MKs (iMKs). The iMKs could produce proplatelets and release functional platelets, functionally resembling natural MKs. Reprogramming trajectory analysis revealed an efficient cell fate conversion of EBs into iMKs by 4M via the intermediate state of bipotent precursors. 4M induced chromatin remodeling and drove the transition of transcription factor (TF) regulatory network from key erythroid TFs to essential TFs for megakaryopoiesis, including FLI1 and MEIS1. These results demonstrate that the chemical reprogramming of cord blood EBs into iMKs provides a simple and efficient approach to generate MKs and platelets for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Qin
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianan Jiang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Jisheng Li
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaosong Lin
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Sihan Wang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Meiqi Zhu
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zeng Fan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Lijuan He
- South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China; Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Wen Yue
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China.
| | - Xuetao Pei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou 510005, China.
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7
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Caulier AL, Sankaran VG. Molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate human erythropoiesis. Blood 2022; 139:2450-2459. [PMID: 34936695 PMCID: PMC9029096 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To enable effective oxygen transport, ∼200 billion red blood cells (RBCs) need to be produced every day in the bone marrow through the fine-tuned process of erythropoiesis. Erythropoiesis is regulated at multiple levels to ensure that defective RBC maturation or overproduction can be avoided. Here, we provide an overview of different layers of this control, ranging from cytokine signaling mechanisms that enable extrinsic regulation of RBC production to intrinsic transcriptional pathways necessary for effective erythropoiesis. Recent studies have also elucidated the importance of posttranscriptional regulation and highlighted additional gatekeeping mechanisms necessary for effective erythropoiesis. We additionally discuss the insights gained by studying human genetic variation affecting erythropoiesis and highlight the discovery of BCL11A as a regulator of hemoglobin switching through genetic studies. Finally, we provide an outlook of how our ability to measure multiple facets of this process at single-cell resolution, while accounting for the impact of human variation, will continue to refine our knowledge of erythropoiesis and how this process is perturbed in disease. As we learn more about this intricate and important process, additional opportunities to modulate erythropoiesis for therapeutic purposes will undoubtedly emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis L Caulier
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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8
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Swainson LA, Sharma AA, Ghneim K, Ribeiro SP, Wilkinson P, Dunham RM, Albright RG, Wong S, Estes JD, Piatak M, Deeks SG, Hunt PW, Sekaly RP, McCune JM. IFN-α blockade during ART-treated SIV infection lowers tissue vDNA, rescues immune function, and improves overall health. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153046. [PMID: 35104248 PMCID: PMC8983135 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I IFNs (TI-IFNs) drive immune effector functions during acute viral infections and regulate cell cycling and systemic metabolism. That said, chronic TI-IFN signaling in the context of HIV infection treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) also facilitates viral persistence, in part by promoting immunosuppressive responses and CD8+ T cell exhaustion. To determine whether inhibition of IFN-α might provide benefit in the setting of chronic, ART-treated SIV infection of rhesus macaques, we administered an anti-IFN-α antibody followed by an analytical treatment interruption (ATI). IFN-α blockade was well-tolerated and associated with lower expression of TI-IFN-inducible genes (including those that are antiviral) and reduced tissue viral DNA (vDNA). The reduction in vDNA was further accompanied by higher innate proinflammatory plasma cytokines, expression of monocyte activation genes, IL-12-induced effector CD8+ T cell genes, increased heme/metabolic activity, and lower plasma TGF-β levels. Upon ATI, SIV-infected, ART-suppressed nonhuman primates treated with anti-IFN-α displayed lower levels of weight loss and improved erythroid function relative to untreated controls. Overall, these data demonstrated that IFN-α blockade during ART-treated SIV infection was safe and associated with the induction of immune/erythroid pathways that reduced viral persistence during ART while mitigating the weight loss and anemia that typically ensue after ART interruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A. Swainson
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ashish Arunkumar Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Khader Ghneim
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Susan Pereira Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Peter Wilkinson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard M. Dunham
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebecca G. Albright
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Samson Wong
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jacob D. Estes
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA.,Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael Piatak
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter W. Hunt
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rafick-Pierre Sekaly
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joseph M. McCune
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,HIV Frontiers/Global Health Innovative Technology Solutions, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
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9
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Qiu X, Zhang Y, Martin-Rufino JD, Weng C, Hosseinzadeh S, Yang D, Pogson AN, Hein MY, Hoi Joseph Min K, Wang L, Grody EI, Shurtleff MJ, Yuan R, Xu S, Ma Y, Replogle JM, Lander ES, Darmanis S, Bahar I, Sankaran VG, Xing J, Weissman JS. Mapping transcriptomic vector fields of single cells. Cell 2022; 185:690-711.e45. [PMID: 35108499 PMCID: PMC9332140 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell (sc)-RNA-seq, together with RNA-velocity and metabolic labeling, reveals cellular states and transitions at unprecedented resolution. Fully exploiting these data, however, requires kinetic models capable of unveiling governing regulatory functions. Here, we introduce an analytical framework dynamo, that infers absolute RNA velocity, reconstructs continuous vector-field functions that predict cell fates, employs differential geometry to extract underlying regulations, and ultimately predicts optimal reprogramming paths and perturbation outcomes. We highlight dynamo’s power to overcome fundamental limitations of conventional splicing-based RNA velocity analyses to enable accurate velocity estimations on a metabolically-labeled human hematopoiesis scRNA-seq dataset. Furthermore, differential geometry analyses reveal mechanisms driving early megakaryocyte appearance and elucidate asymmetrical regulation within the PU.1–GATA1 circuit. Leveraging the Least-Action-Path method, dynamo accurately predicts drivers of numerous hematopoietic transitions. Finally, in silico perturbations predict cell-fate diversions induced by gene perturbations. Dynamo thus represents an important step in advancing quantitative and predictive theories of cell-state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Qiu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Joint CMU-Pitt Ph.D. Program in Computational Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jorge D Martin-Rufino
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chen Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shayan Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Dian Yang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Angela N Pogson
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marco Y Hein
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, 499 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kyung Hoi Joseph Min
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Ruoshi Yuan
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Yian Ma
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Joseph M Replogle
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric S Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Systems Biology Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02125, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Joint CMU-Pitt Ph.D. Program in Computational Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianhua Xing
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Joint CMU-Pitt Ph.D. Program in Computational Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Koch Institute For Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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10
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Abstract
In 2016, the European Hematology Association (EHA) published the EHA Roadmap for European Hematology Research1 aiming to highlight achievements in the diagnostics and treatment of blood disorders, and to better inform European policy makers and other stakeholders about the urgent clinical and scientific needs and priorities in the field of hematology. Each section was coordinated by 1–2 section editors who were leading international experts in the field. In the 5 years that have followed, advances in the field of hematology have been plentiful. As such, EHA is pleased to present an updated Research Roadmap, now including eleven sections, each of which will be published separately. The updated EHA Research Roadmap identifies the most urgent priorities in hematology research and clinical science, therefore supporting a more informed, focused, and ideally a more funded future for European hematology research. The 11 EHA Research Roadmap sections include Normal Hematopoiesis; Malignant Lymphoid Diseases; Malignant Myeloid Diseases; Anemias and Related Diseases; Platelet Disorders; Blood Coagulation and Hemostatic Disorders; Transfusion Medicine; Infections in Hematology; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; CAR-T and Other Cell-based Immune Therapies; and Gene Therapy.
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11
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Brown D, Altermatt M, Dobreva T, Chen S, Wang A, Thomson M, Gradinaru V. Deep Parallel Characterization of AAV Tropism and AAV-Mediated Transcriptional Changes via Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Front Immunol 2021; 12:730825. [PMID: 34759919 PMCID: PMC8574206 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered variants of recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) are being developed rapidly to meet the need for gene-therapy delivery vehicles with particular cell-type and tissue tropisms. While high-throughput AAV engineering and selection methods have generated numerous variants, subsequent tropism and response characterization have remained low throughput and lack resolution across the many relevant cell and tissue types. To fully leverage the output of these large screening paradigms across multiple targets, we have developed an experimental and computational single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) pipeline for in vivo characterization of barcoded rAAV pools at high resolution. Using this platform, we have both corroborated previously reported viral tropisms and discovered unidentified AAV capsid targeting biases. As expected, we observed that the tropism profile of AAV.CAP-B10 in mice was shifted toward neurons and away from astrocytes when compared with AAV-PHP.eB. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that this neuronal bias is due mainly to increased targeting efficiency for glutamatergic neurons, which we confirmed by RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization. We further uncovered cell subtype tropisms of AAV variants in vascular and glial cells, such as low transduction of pericytes and Myoc+ astrocytes. Additionally, we have observed cell-type-specific transitory responses to systemic AAV-PHP.eB administration, such as upregulation of genes involved in p53 signaling in endothelial cells three days post-injection, which return to control levels by day twenty-five. The presented experimental and computational approaches for parallel characterization of AAV tropism will facilitate the advancement of safe and precise gene delivery vehicles, and showcase the power of understanding responses to gene therapies at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brown
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Michael Altermatt
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Tatyana Dobreva
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Sisi Chen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Wang
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Matt Thomson
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Viviana Gradinaru
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
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Novakovsky G, Saraswat M, Fornes O, Mostafavi S, Wasserman WW. Biologically relevant transfer learning improves transcription factor binding prediction. Genome Biol 2021; 22:280. [PMID: 34579793 PMCID: PMC8474956 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep learning has proven to be a powerful technique for transcription factor (TF) binding prediction but requires large training datasets. Transfer learning can reduce the amount of data required for deep learning, while improving overall model performance, compared to training a separate model for each new task. RESULTS We assess a transfer learning strategy for TF binding prediction consisting of a pre-training step, wherein we train a multi-task model with multiple TFs, and a fine-tuning step, wherein we initialize single-task models for individual TFs with the weights learned by the multi-task model, after which the single-task models are trained at a lower learning rate. We corroborate that transfer learning improves model performance, especially if in the pre-training step the multi-task model is trained with biologically relevant TFs. We show the effectiveness of transfer learning for TFs with ~ 500 ChIP-seq peak regions. Using model interpretation techniques, we demonstrate that the features learned in the pre-training step are refined in the fine-tuning step to resemble the binding motif of the target TF (i.e., the recipient of transfer learning in the fine-tuning step). Moreover, pre-training with biologically relevant TFs allows single-task models in the fine-tuning step to learn useful features other than the motif of the target TF. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that transfer learning is a powerful technique for TF binding prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gherman Novakovsky
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3 N1, Canada
| | - Manu Saraswat
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3 N1, Canada
| | - Oriol Fornes
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3 N1, Canada.
| | - Sara Mostafavi
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3 N1, Canada
- Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, CIFAR AI Chair, and Child and Brain Development, Toronto, ON, M5G 1 M1, Canada
| | - Wyeth W Wasserman
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3 N1, Canada.
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Industrially Compatible Transfusable iPSC-Derived RBCs: Progress, Challenges and Prospective Solutions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189808. [PMID: 34575977 PMCID: PMC8472628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amidst the global shortfalls in blood supply, storage limitations of donor blood and the availability of potential blood substitutes for transfusion applications, society has pivoted towards in vitro generation of red blood cells (RBCs) as a means to solve these issues. Many conventional research studies over the past few decades have found success in differentiating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from cord blood, adult bone marrow and peripheral blood sources. More recently, techniques that involve immortalization of erythroblast sources have also gained traction in tackling this problem. However, the RBCs generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) still remain as the most favorable solution due to many of its added advantages. In this review, we focus on the breakthroughs for high-density cultures of hiPSC-derived RBCs, and highlight the major challenges and prospective solutions throughout the whole process of erythropoiesis for hiPSC-derived RBCs. Furthermore, we elaborate on the recent advances and techniques used to achieve cost-effective, high-density cultures of GMP-compliant RBCs, and on their relevant novel applications after downstream processing and purification.
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Gong Y, Yang J, Li X, Zhou C, Chen Y, Wang Z, Qiu X, Liu Y, Zhang H, Greenbaum J, Cheng L, Hu Y, Xie J, Yang X, Li Y, Bai Y, Wang YP, Chen Y, Tan LJ, Shen H, Xiao HM, Deng HW. A systematic dissection of human primary osteoblasts in vivo at single-cell resolution. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:20629-20650. [PMID: 34428745 PMCID: PMC8436943 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human osteoblasts are multifunctional bone cells, which play essential roles in bone formation, angiogenesis regulation, as well as maintenance of hematopoiesis. However, the categorization of primary osteoblast subtypes in vivo in humans has not yet been achieved. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to perform a systematic cellular taxonomy dissection of freshly isolated human osteoblasts from one 31-year-old male with osteoarthritis and osteopenia after hip replacement. Based on the gene expression patterns and cell lineage reconstruction, we identified three distinct cell clusters including preosteoblasts, mature osteoblasts, and an undetermined rare osteoblast subpopulation. This novel subtype was found to be the major source of the nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 and 2 (NR4A1 and NR4A2) in primary osteoblasts, and the expression of NR4A1 was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining on mouse osteoblasts in vivo. Trajectory inference analysis suggested that the undetermined cluster, together with the preosteoblasts, are involved in the regulation of osteoblastogenesis and also give rise to mature osteoblasts. Investigation of the biological processes and signaling pathways enriched in each subpopulation revealed that in addition to bone formation, preosteoblasts and undetermined osteoblasts may also regulate both angiogenesis and hemopoiesis. Finally, we demonstrated that there are systematic differences between the transcriptional profiles of human and mouse osteoblasts, highlighting the necessity for studying bone physiological processes in humans rather than solely relying on mouse models. Our findings provide novel insights into the cellular heterogeneity and potential biological functions of human primary osteoblasts at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gong
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Junxiao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Cui Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Zun Wang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiang Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Huixi Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jonathan Greenbaum
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yuntong Bai
- Tulane Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Tulane Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yiping Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Li-Jun Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hong-Mei Xiao
- Center of Reproductive Health, System Biology and Data Information, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410081, China.,School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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15
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Grzywa TM, Nowis D, Golab J. The role of CD71 + erythroid cells in the regulation of the immune response. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107927. [PMID: 34171326 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complex regulation of the immune response is necessary to support effective defense of an organism against hostile invaders and to maintain tolerance to harmless microorganisms and autoantigens. Recent studies revealed previously unappreciated roles of CD71+ erythroid cells (CECs) in regulation of the immune response. CECs physiologically reside in the bone marrow where erythropoiesis takes place. Under stress conditions, CECs are enriched in some organs outside of the bone marrow as a result of extramedullary erythropoiesis. However, the role of CECs goes well beyond the production of erythrocytes. In neonates, increased numbers of CECs contribute to their vulnerability to infectious diseases. On the other side, neonatal CECs suppress activation of immune cells in response to abrupt colonization with commensal microorganisms after delivery. CECs are also enriched in the peripheral blood of pregnant women as well as in the placenta and are responsible for the regulation of feto-maternal tolerance. In patients with cancer, anemia leads to increased frequency of CECs in the peripheral blood contributing to diminished antiviral and antibacterial immunity, as well as to accelerated cancer progression. Moreover, recent studies revealed the role of CECs in HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infections. CECs use a full arsenal of mechanisms to regulate immune response. These cells suppress proinflammatory responses of myeloid cells and T-cell proliferation by the depletion of ʟ-arginine by arginase. Moreover, CECs produce reactive oxygen species to decrease T-cell proliferation. CECs also secrete cytokines, including transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), which promotes T-cell differentiation into regulatory T-cells. Here, we comprehensively describe the role of CECs in orchestrating immune response and indicate some therapeutic approaches that might be used to regulate their effector functions in the treatment of human conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M Grzywa
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki and Wigury 61 Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; Centre of Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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16
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Lemma RB, Ledsaak M, Fuglerud BM, Sandve GK, Eskeland R, Gabrielsen OS. Chromatin occupancy and target genes of the haematopoietic master transcription factor MYB. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9008. [PMID: 33903675 PMCID: PMC8076236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88516-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MYB is a master regulator in haematopoietic progenitor cells and a pioneer factor affecting differentiation and proliferation of these cells. Leukaemic transformation may be promoted by high MYB levels. Despite much accumulated molecular knowledge of MYB, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of its target genes and its chromatin action. In the present work, we performed a ChIP-seq analysis of MYB in K562 cells accompanied by detailed bioinformatics analyses. We found that MYB occupies both promoters and enhancers. Five clusters (C1-C5) were found when we classified MYB peaks according to epigenetic profiles. C1 was enriched for promoters and C2 dominated by enhancers. C2-linked genes were connected to hematopoietic specific functions and had GATA factor motifs as second in frequency. C1 had in addition to MYB-motifs a significant frequency of ETS-related motifs. Combining ChIP-seq data with RNA-seq data allowed us to identify direct MYB target genes. We also compared ChIP-seq data with digital genomic footprinting. MYB is occupying nearly a third of the super-enhancers in K562. Finally, we concluded that MYB cooperates with a subset of the other highly expressed TFs in this cell line, as expected for a master regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza B Lemma
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1066, 0316, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Ledsaak
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1066, 0316, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1112, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bettina M Fuglerud
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1066, 0316, Oslo, Norway
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Geir Kjetil Sandve
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1080, 0371, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Eskeland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1066, 0316, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1112, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Odd S Gabrielsen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1066, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In hematopoiesis, rapid cell fate decisions are necessary for timely responses to environmental stimuli resulting in the production of diverse types of blood cells. Early studies have led to a hierarchical, tree-like view of hematopoiesis with hematopoietic stem cells residing at the apex and serially branching out to give rise to bipotential progenitors with increasingly restricted lineage potential. Recent single-cell studies have challenged some aspects of the classical model of hematopoiesis. Here, we review the latest articles on cell fate decision in hematopoietic progenitors, highlighting single-cell studies that have questioned previously established concepts and those that have reaffirmed them. RECENT FINDINGS The hierarchical organization of hematopoiesis and the importance of transcription factors have been largely validated at the single-cell level. In contrast, single-cell studies have shown that lineage commitment is progressive rather than switch-like as originally proposed. Furthermore, the reconstruction of cell fate paths suggested the existence of a gradient of hematopoietic progenitors that are in a continuum of changing fate probabilities rather than in a static bipotential state, leading us to reconsider the notion of bipotential progenitors. SUMMARY Single-cell transcriptomic and proteomic studies have transformed our view of lineage commitment and offer a drastically different perspective on hematopoiesis.
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18
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Wei C, Yu P, Cheng L. Hematopoietic Reprogramming Entangles with Hematopoiesis. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:752-763. [PMID: 32861580 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis generally refers to hematopoietic development in fetuses and adults, as well as to hematopoietic stem cell differentiation into progeny lineages. The multiple processes that generate diverse hematopoietic cells have been considered to be unidirectional. However, many reports have recently demonstrated that these processes are not only reversible but also interconvertible via cell reprogramming. The cell reprogramming that occurs in hematopoietic cells is termed hematopoietic reprogramming. We focus on both autogenous and artificial hematopoietic reprogramming under physiological and pathological conditions that is mainly directed by the actions of transcription factors (TFs), chemical compounds, or extracellular cytokines. A comprehensive understanding of hematopoietic reprogramming will help us not only to generate desirable cells for cell therapy but also to further analyze normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuijin Wei
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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19
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Pires CF, Rosa FF, Kurochkin I, Pereira CF. Understanding and Modulating Immunity With Cell Reprogramming. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2809. [PMID: 31921109 PMCID: PMC6917620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell reprogramming concepts have been classically developed in the fields of developmental and stem cell biology and are currently being explored for regenerative medicine, given its potential to generate desired cell types for replacement therapy. Cell fate can be experimentally reversed or modified by enforced expression of lineage specific transcription factors leading to pluripotency or attainment of another somatic cell type identity. The possibility to reprogram fibroblasts into induced dendritic cells (DC) competent for antigen presentation creates a paradigm shift for understanding and modulating the immune system with direct cell reprogramming. PU.1, IRF8, and BATF3 were identified as sufficient and necessary to impose DC fate in unrelated cell types, taking advantage of Clec9a, a C-type lectin receptor with restricted expression in conventional DC type 1. The identification of such minimal gene regulatory networks helps to elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing development and lineage heterogeneity along the hematopoietic hierarchy. Furthermore, the generation of patient-tailored reprogrammed immune cells provides new and exciting tools for the expanding field of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we summarize cell reprogramming concepts and experimental approaches, review current knowledge at the intersection of cell reprogramming with hematopoiesis, and propose how cell fate engineering can be merged to immunology, opening new opportunities to understand the immune system in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana F. Pires
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fábio F. Rosa
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ilia Kurochkin
- Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Carlos-Filipe Pereira
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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20
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Mehdi TF, Singh G, Mitchell JA, Moses AM. Variational infinite heterogeneous mixture model for semi-supervised clustering of heart enhancers. Bioinformatics 2019; 35:3232-3239. [PMID: 30753279 PMCID: PMC6748727 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Mammalian genomes can contain thousands of enhancers but only a subset are actively driving gene expression in a given cellular context. Integrated genomic datasets can be harnessed to predict active enhancers. One challenge in integration of large genomic datasets is the increasing heterogeneity: continuous, binary and discrete features may all be relevant. Coupled with the typically small numbers of training examples, semi-supervised approaches for heterogeneous data are needed; however, current enhancer prediction methods are not designed to handle heterogeneous data in the semi-supervised paradigm. Results We implemented a Dirichlet Process Heterogeneous Mixture model that infers Gaussian, Bernoulli and Poisson distributions over features. We derived a novel variational inference algorithm to handle semi-supervised learning tasks where certain observations are forced to cluster together. We applied this model to enhancer candidates in mouse heart tissues based on heterogeneous features. We constrained a small number of known active enhancers to appear in the same cluster, and 47 additional regions clustered with them. Many of these are located near heart-specific genes. The model also predicted 1176 active promoters, suggesting that it can discover new enhancers and promoters. Availability and implementation We created the ‘dphmix’ Python package: https://pypi.org/project/dphmix/. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmid F Mehdi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Mitchell
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alan M Moses
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Woo AJ, Patry CAA, Ghamari A, Pregernig G, Yuan D, Zheng K, Piers T, Hibbs M, Li J, Fidalgo M, Wang JY, Lee JH, Leedman PJ, Wang J, Fraenkel E, Cantor AB. Zfp281 (ZBP-99) plays a functionally redundant role with Zfp148 (ZBP-89) during erythroid development. Blood Adv 2019; 3:2499-2511. [PMID: 31455666 PMCID: PMC6712527 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythroid maturation requires the concerted action of a core set of transcription factors. We previously identified the Krüppel-type zinc finger transcription factor Zfp148 (also called ZBP-89) as an interacting partner of the master erythroid transcription factor GATA1. Here we report the conditional knockout of Zfp148 in mice. Global loss of Zfp148 results in perinatal lethality from nonhematologic causes. Selective Zfp148 loss within the hematopoietic system results in a mild microcytic and hypochromic anemia, mildly impaired erythroid maturation, and delayed recovery from phenylhydrazine-induced hemolysis. Based on the mild erythroid phenotype of these mice compared with GATA1-deficient mice, we hypothesized that additional factor(s) may complement Zfp148 function during erythropoiesis. We show that Zfp281 (also called ZBP-99), another member of the Zfp148 transcription factor family, is highly expressed in murine and human erythroid cells. Zfp281 knockdown by itself results in partial erythroid defects. However, combined deficiency of Zfp148 and Zfp281 causes a marked erythroid maturation block. Zfp281 physically associates with GATA1, occupies many common chromatin sites with GATA1 and Zfp148, and regulates a common set of genes required for erythroid cell differentiation. These findings uncover a previously unknown role for Zfp281 in erythroid development and suggest that it functionally overlaps with that of Zfp148 during erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Woo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chelsea-Ann A Patry
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alireza Ghamari
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gabriela Pregernig
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Daniel Yuan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kangni Zheng
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Taylor Piers
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Moira Hibbs
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ji Li
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Miguel Fidalgo
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jenny Y Wang
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joo-Hyeon Lee
- Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Peter J Leedman
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ernest Fraenkel
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Alan B Cantor
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
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22
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c-Myb regulates tumorigenic potential of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6342. [PMID: 31004084 PMCID: PMC6474878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are a heterogeneous group of mesodermal tumors, the most common sub-types are embryonal (eRMS) and alveolar (aRMS) rhabdomyosarcoma. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed c-Myb expression in both eRMS and aRMS. c-Myb has been reported to be often associated with malignant human cancers. We therefore investigated the c-Myb role in RMS using cellular models of RMS. Specific suppression of c-Myb by a lentiviral vector expressing doxycycline (Dox)-inducible c-Myb shRNA inhibited proliferation, colony formation, and migration of the eRMS cell line (RD), but not of the aRMS cell line (RH30). Upon c-Myb knockdown in eRMS cells, cells accumulated in G0/G1 phase, the invasive behaviour of cells was repressed, and elevated levels of myosin heavy chain, marker of muscle differentiation, was detected. Next, we used an RD-based xenograft model to investigate the role of c-Myb in eRMS tumorigenesis in vivo. We found that Dox administration did not result in efficient suppression of c-Myb in growing tumors. However, when c-Myb-deficient RD cells were implanted into SCID mice, we observed inefficient tumor grafting and attenuation of tumor growth during the initial stages of tumor expansion. The presented study suggests that c-Myb could be a therapeutic target in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma assuming that its expression is ablated.
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23
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Steiner M, Schneider L, Yillah J, Gerlach K, Kuvardina ON, Meyer A, Maring A, Bonig H, Seifried E, Zörnig M, Lausen J. FUSE binding protein 1 (FUBP1) expression is upregulated by T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 (TAL1) and required for efficient erythroid differentiation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210515. [PMID: 30653565 PMCID: PMC6336336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During erythropoiesis, haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiate in successive steps of commitment and specification to mature erythrocytes. This differentiation process is controlled by transcription factors that establish stage- and cell type-specific gene expression. In this study, we demonstrate that FUSE binding protein 1 (FUBP1), a transcriptional regulator important for HSC self-renewal and survival, is regulated by T-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia 1 (TAL1) in erythroid progenitor cells. TAL1 directly activates the FUBP1 promoter, leading to increased FUBP1 expression during erythroid differentiation. The binding of TAL1 to the FUBP1 promoter is highly dependent on an intact GATA sequence in a combined E-box/GATA motif. We found that FUBP1 expression is required for efficient erythropoiesis, as FUBP1-deficient progenitor cells were limited in their potential of erythroid differentiation. Thus, the finding of an interconnection between GATA1/TAL1 and FUBP1 reveals a molecular mechanism that is part of the switch from progenitor- to erythrocyte-specific gene expression. In summary, we identified a TAL1/FUBP1 transcriptional relationship, whose physiological function in haematopoiesis is connected to proper erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Steiner
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Lucas Schneider
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jasmin Yillah
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Gerlach
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Olga N. Kuvardina
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Annekarin Meyer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alisa Maring
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Erhard Seifried
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Zörnig
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- * E-mail: (MZ); (JL)
| | - Jörn Lausen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe-University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail: (MZ); (JL)
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24
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Chiu SK, Saw J, Huang Y, Sonderegger SE, Wong NC, Powell DR, Beck D, Pimanda JE, Tremblay CS, Curtis DJ. A novel role for Lyl1 in primitive erythropoiesis. Development 2018; 145:dev.162990. [PMID: 30185409 DOI: 10.1242/dev.162990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell leukemia (Scl or Tal1) and lymphoblastic leukemia 1 (Lyl1) encode highly related members of the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors that are co-expressed in the erythroid lineage. Previous studies have suggested that Scl is essential for primitive erythropoiesis. However, analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data of early embryos showed that primitive erythroid cells express both Scl and Lyl1 Therefore, to determine whether Lyl1 can function in primitive erythropoiesis, we crossed conditional Scl knockout mice with mice expressing a Cre recombinase under the control of the Epo receptor, active in erythroid progenitors. Embryos with 20% expression of Scl from E9.5 survived to adulthood. However, mice with reduced expression of Scl and absence of Lyl1 (double knockout; DKO) died at E10.5 because of progressive loss of erythropoiesis. Gene expression profiling of DKO yolk sacs revealed loss of Gata1 and many of the known target genes of the SCL-GATA1 complex. ChIP-seq analyses in a human erythroleukemia cell line showed that LYL1 exclusively bound a small subset of SCL targets including GATA1. Together, these data show for the first time that Lyl1 can maintain primitive erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung K Chiu
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jesslyn Saw
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Yizhou Huang
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and the Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Centre for Health Technologies, School of Biomedical Engineering and the School of Software, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Stefan E Sonderegger
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Nicholas C Wong
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - David R Powell
- Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Dominic Beck
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and the Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Centre for Health Technologies, School of Biomedical Engineering and the School of Software, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - John E Pimanda
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and the Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cedric S Tremblay
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - David J Curtis
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia .,Department of Clinical Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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25
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Lee E, Sivalingam J, Lim ZR, Chia G, Shi LG, Roberts M, Loh YH, Reuveny S, Oh SKW. Review: In vitro generation of red blood cells for transfusion medicine: Progress, prospects and challenges. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2118-2128. [PMID: 30273713 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In vitro generation of red blood cells (RBCs) has the potential to circumvent the shortfalls in global demand for blood for transfusion applications. The conventional approach for RBC generation has been from differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from cord blood, adult bone marrow or peripheral blood. More recently, RBCs have been generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) as well as from immortalized adult erythroid progenitors. In this review, we highlight the recent advances to RBC generation from these different approaches and discuss the challenges and new strategies that can potentially make large-scale in vitro generation of RBCs a feasible approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmond Lee
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Jaichandran Sivalingam
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Zhong Ri Lim
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - Gloryn Chia
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - Low Gin Shi
- Brilliant Research Pte. Ltd, Singapore 139955, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mackenna Roberts
- Oxford-University College London Centre for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Yuin-Han Loh
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shaul Reuveny
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore
| | - Steve Kah-Weng Oh
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138668, Republic of Singapore
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26
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Pulecio J, Verma N, Mejía-Ramírez E, Huangfu D, Raya A. CRISPR/Cas9-Based Engineering of the Epigenome. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 21:431-447. [PMID: 28985525 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Determining causal relationships between distinct chromatin features and gene expression, and ultimately cell behavior, remains a major challenge. Recent developments in targetable epigenome-editing tools enable us to assign direct transcriptional and functional consequences to locus-specific chromatin modifications. This Protocol Review discusses the unprecedented opportunity that CRISPR/Cas9 technology offers for investigating and manipulating the epigenome to facilitate further understanding of stem cell biology and engineering of stem cells for therapeutic applications. We also provide technical considerations for standardization and further improvement of the CRISPR/Cas9-based tools to engineer the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Pulecio
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Hospital Duran i Reynals, 3rd floor, Avenue Gran Via 199-203, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nipun Verma
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences at Cornell University/The Rockefeller University/Sloan Kettering Institute Tri-Institutional M.D.-Ph.D. Program, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eva Mejía-Ramírez
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Hospital Duran i Reynals, 3rd floor, Avenue Gran Via 199-203, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Danwei Huangfu
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Angel Raya
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Hospital Duran i Reynals, 3rd floor, Avenue Gran Via 199-203, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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27
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Khajuria RK, Munschauer M, Ulirsch JC, Fiorini C, Ludwig LS, McFarland SK, Abdulhay NJ, Specht H, Keshishian H, Mani DR, Jovanovic M, Ellis SR, Fulco CP, Engreitz JM, Schütz S, Lian J, Gripp KW, Weinberg OK, Pinkus GS, Gehrke L, Regev A, Lander ES, Gazda HT, Lee WY, Panse VG, Carr SA, Sankaran VG. Ribosome Levels Selectively Regulate Translation and Lineage Commitment in Human Hematopoiesis. Cell 2018; 173:90-103.e19. [PMID: 29551269 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Blood cell formation is classically thought to occur through a hierarchical differentiation process, although recent studies have shown that lineage commitment may occur earlier in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). The relevance to human blood diseases and the underlying regulation of these refined models remain poorly understood. By studying a genetic blood disorder, Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), where the majority of mutations affect ribosomal proteins and the erythroid lineage is selectively perturbed, we are able to gain mechanistic insight into how lineage commitment is programmed normally and disrupted in disease. We show that in DBA, the pool of available ribosomes is limited, while ribosome composition remains constant. Surprisingly, this global reduction in ribosome levels more profoundly alters translation of a select subset of transcripts. We show how the reduced translation of select transcripts in HSPCs can impair erythroid lineage commitment, illuminating a regulatory role for ribosome levels in cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv K Khajuria
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | | | - Jacob C Ulirsch
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Claudia Fiorini
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Leif S Ludwig
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sean K McFarland
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nour J Abdulhay
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Harrison Specht
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - D R Mani
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marko Jovanovic
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Steven R Ellis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Charles P Fulco
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Sabina Schütz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John Lian
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Karen W Gripp
- Division of Medical Genetics, A. I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Olga K Weinberg
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Geraldine S Pinkus
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lee Gehrke
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eric S Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hanna T Gazda
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Winston Y Lee
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vikram G Panse
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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28
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Fuglerud BM, Lemma RB, Wanichawan P, Sundaram AYM, Eskeland R, Gabrielsen OS. A c-Myb mutant causes deregulated differentiation due to impaired histone binding and abrogated pioneer factor function. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:7681-7696. [PMID: 28472346 PMCID: PMC5570105 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor c-Myb is involved in early differentiation and proliferation of haematopoietic cells, where it operates as a regulator of self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation. Deregulated c-Myb plays critical roles in leukaemias and other human cancers. Due to its role as a master regulator, we hypothesized it might function as a pioneer transcription factor. Our approach to test this was to analyse a mutant of c-Myb, D152V, previously reported to cause haematopoietic defects in mice by an unknown mechanism. Our transcriptome data from K562 cells indicates that this mutation specifically affects c-Myb's ability to regulate genes involved in differentiation, causing failure in c-Myb's ability to block differentiation. Furthermore, we see a major effect of this mutation in assays where chromatin opening is involved. We show that each repeat in the minimal DNA-binding domain of c-Myb binds to histones and that D152V disrupts histone binding of the third repeat. ATAC-seq data indicates this mutation impairs the ability of c-Myb to cause chromatin opening at specific sites. Taken together, our findings support that c-Myb acts as a pioneer factor and show that D152V impairs this function. The D152V mutant is the first mutant of a transcription factor specifically destroying pioneer factor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina M Fuglerud
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Roza B Lemma
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pimthanya Wanichawan
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, P.O.Box 4956 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, P.O.Box 4956 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Arvind Y M Sundaram
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, P.O.Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Eskeland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, P.O.Box 1112 Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Odd S Gabrielsen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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29
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Generating autologous hematopoietic cells from human-induced pluripotent stem cells through ectopic expression of transcription factors. Curr Opin Hematol 2017; 24:283-288. [DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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30
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Chattong S, Ruangwattanasuk O, Yindeedej W, Setpakdee A, Manotham K. CD34+ cells from dental pulp stem cells with a ZFN-mediated and homology-driven repair-mediated locus-specific knock-in of an artificial β-globin gene. Gene Ther 2017; 24:425-432. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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SCL/TAL1: a multifaceted regulator from blood development to disease. Blood 2017; 129:2051-2060. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-12-754051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
SCL/TAL1 (stem cell leukemia/T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia [T-ALL] 1) is an essential transcription factor in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. It is required for specification of the blood program during development, adult hematopoietic stem cell survival and quiescence, and terminal maturation of select blood lineages. Following ectopic expression, SCL contributes to oncogenesis in T-ALL. Remarkably, SCL’s activities are all mediated through nucleation of a core quaternary protein complex (SCL:E-protein:LMO1/2 [LIM domain only 1 or 2]:LDB1 [LIM domain-binding protein 1]) and dynamic recruitment of conserved combinatorial associations of additional regulators in a lineage- and stage-specific context. The finely tuned control of SCL’s regulatory functions (lineage priming, activation, and repression of gene expression programs) provides insight into fundamental developmental and transcriptional mechanisms, and highlights mechanistic parallels between normal and oncogenic processes. Importantly, recent discoveries are paving the way to the development of innovative therapeutic opportunities in SCL+ T-ALL.
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Zhang L, Jambusaria A, Hong Z, Marsboom G, Toth PT, Herbert BS, Malik AB, Rehman J. SOX17 Regulates Conversion of Human Fibroblasts Into Endothelial Cells and Erythroblasts by Dedifferentiation Into CD34 + Progenitor Cells. Circulation 2017; 135:2505-2523. [PMID: 28381471 PMCID: PMC5472005 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.025722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: The mechanisms underlying the dedifferentiation and lineage conversion of adult human fibroblasts into functional endothelial cells have not yet been fully defined. Furthermore, it is not known whether fibroblast dedifferentiation recapitulates the generation of multipotent progenitors during embryonic development, which give rise to endothelial and hematopoietic cell lineages. Here we established the role of the developmental transcription factor SOX17 in regulating the bilineage conversion of fibroblasts by the generation of intermediate progenitors. Methods: CD34+ progenitors were generated after the dedifferentiation of human adult dermal fibroblasts by overexpression of pluripotency transcription factors. Sorted CD34+ cells were transdifferentiated into induced endothelial cells and induced erythroblasts using lineage-specific growth factors. The therapeutic potential of the generated cells was assessed in an experimental model of myocardial infarction. Results: Induced endothelial cells expressed specific endothelial cell surface markers and also exhibited the capacity for cell proliferation and neovascularization. Induced erythroblasts expressed erythroid surface markers and formed erythroid colonies. Endothelial lineage conversion was dependent on the upregulation of the developmental transcription factor SOX17, whereas suppression of SOX17 instead directed the cells toward an erythroid fate. Implantation of these human bipotential CD34+ progenitors into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) mice resulted in the formation of microvessels derived from human fibroblasts perfused with mouse and human erythrocytes. Endothelial cells generated from human fibroblasts also showed upregulation of telomerase. Cell implantation markedly improved vascularity and cardiac function after myocardial infarction without any evidence of teratoma formation. Conclusions: Dedifferentiation of fibroblasts to intermediate CD34+ progenitors gives rise to endothelial cells and erythroblasts in a SOX17-dependent manner. These findings identify the intermediate CD34+ progenitor state as a critical bifurcation point, which can be tuned to generate functional blood vessels or erythrocytes and salvage ischemic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Zhang
- From Department of Pharmacology (L.Z., A.J., Z.H., G.M., P.T.T., A.B.M., J.R.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.R.), The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago; and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.-S.H.)
| | - Ankit Jambusaria
- From Department of Pharmacology (L.Z., A.J., Z.H., G.M., P.T.T., A.B.M., J.R.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.R.), The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago; and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.-S.H.)
| | - Zhigang Hong
- From Department of Pharmacology (L.Z., A.J., Z.H., G.M., P.T.T., A.B.M., J.R.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.R.), The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago; and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.-S.H.)
| | - Glenn Marsboom
- From Department of Pharmacology (L.Z., A.J., Z.H., G.M., P.T.T., A.B.M., J.R.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.R.), The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago; and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.-S.H.)
| | - Peter T Toth
- From Department of Pharmacology (L.Z., A.J., Z.H., G.M., P.T.T., A.B.M., J.R.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.R.), The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago; and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.-S.H.)
| | - Brittney-Shea Herbert
- From Department of Pharmacology (L.Z., A.J., Z.H., G.M., P.T.T., A.B.M., J.R.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.R.), The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago; and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.-S.H.)
| | - Asrar B Malik
- From Department of Pharmacology (L.Z., A.J., Z.H., G.M., P.T.T., A.B.M., J.R.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.R.), The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago; and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.-S.H.)
| | - Jalees Rehman
- From Department of Pharmacology (L.Z., A.J., Z.H., G.M., P.T.T., A.B.M., J.R.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.R.), The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago; and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.-S.H.).
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Yang C, Ma R, Axton RA, Jackson M, Taylor AH, Fidanza A, Marenah L, Frayne J, Mountford JC, Forrester LM. Activation of KLF1 Enhances the Differentiation and Maturation of Red Blood Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:886-897. [PMID: 28026072 PMCID: PMC5396323 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Blood transfusion is widely used in the clinic but the source of red blood cells (RBCs) is dependent on donors, procedures are susceptible to transfusion-transmitted infections and complications can arise from immunological incompatibility. Clinically-compatible and scalable protocols that allow the production of RBCs from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been described but progress to translation has been hampered by poor maturation and fragility of the resultant cells. Genetic programming using transcription factors has been used to drive lineage determination and differentiation so we used this approach to assess whether exogenous expression of the Erythroid Krüppel-like factor 1 (EKLF/KLF1) could augment the differentiation and stability of iPSC-derived RBCs. To activate KLF1 at defined time points during later stages of the differentiation process and to avoid transgene silencing that is commonly observed in differentiating pluripotent stem cells, we targeted a tamoxifen-inducible KLF1-ERT2 expression cassette into the AAVS1 locus. Activation of KLF1 at day 10 of the differentiation process when hematopoietic progenitor cells were present, enhanced erythroid commitment and differentiation. Continued culture resulted the appearance of more enucleated cells when KLF1 was activated which is possibly due to their more robust morphology. Globin profiling indicated that these conditions produced embryonic-like erythroid cells. This study demonstrates the successful use of an inducible genetic programing strategy that could be applied to the production of many other cell lineages from human induced pluripotent stem cells with the integration of programming factors into the AAVS1 locus providing a safer and more reproducible route to the clinic. Stem Cells 2017;35:886-897.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Tao Yang
- Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Rui Ma
- Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Axton
- Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Melany Jackson
- Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - A. Helen Taylor
- Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Antonella Fidanza
- Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Lamin Marenah
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion ServiceScotlandUnited Kingdom
| | - Jan Frayne
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of BristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Joanne C. Mountford
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion ServiceScotlandUnited Kingdom
| | - Lesley M. Forrester
- Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
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Capellera-Garcia S, Flygare J. Direct lineage reprogramming: a useful addition to the blood cell research toolbox. Expert Rev Hematol 2016; 10:107-109. [PMID: 27967256 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1272409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Capellera-Garcia
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy , Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
| | - Johan Flygare
- a Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy , Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University , Lund , Sweden
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Trompouki E, Flores-Figueroa E, Lucas D, Bowman TV. From the bedside to the bench: new discoveries on blood cell fate and function. Exp Hematol 2016; 47:24-30. [PMID: 27931853 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Controversy and context: two words that exemplified this year's International Society for Experimental Hematology meeting. Leaders in the field of hematology from around the world gathered in San Diego in August of 2016 to discuss cutting-edge research on diverse topics such as hemoglobin switching, hematopoietic stem cell emergence, leukemogenesis, and aging. Major questions discussed included the "when, where, and how" of hematopoietic emergence, bone marrow residence, and disease origination. This meeting summary covers some of the conference highlights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Trompouki
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eugenia Flores-Figueroa
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Lucas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Teresa V Bowman
- Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Medicine (Oncology), Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Ludwig LS, Khajuria RK, Sankaran VG. Emerging cellular and gene therapies for congenital anemias. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 172:332-348. [PMID: 27792859 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Congenital anemias comprise a group of blood disorders characterized by a reduction in the number of peripherally circulating erythrocytes. Various genetic etiologies have been identified that affect diverse aspects of erythroid physiology and broadly fall into two main categories: impaired production or increased destruction of mature erythrocytes. Current therapies are largely focused on symptomatic treatment and are often based on transfusion of donor-derived erythrocytes and management of complications. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation represents the only curative option currently available for the majority of congenital anemias. Recent advances in gene therapy and genome editing hold promise for the development of additional curative strategies for these blood disorders. The relative ease of access to the hematopoietic stem cell compartment, as well as the possibility of genetic manipulation ex vivo and subsequent transplantation in an autologous manner, make blood disorders among the most amenable to cellular therapies. Here we review cell-based and gene therapy approaches, and discuss the limitations and prospects of emerging avenues, including genome editing tools and the use of pluripotent stem cells, for the treatment of congenital forms of anemia. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Pulecio J, Alejo-Valle O, Capellera-Garcia S, Vitaloni M, Rio P, Mejía-Ramírez E, Caserta I, Bueren J, Flygare J, Raya A. Direct Conversion of Fibroblasts to Megakaryocyte Progenitors. Cell Rep 2016; 17:671-683. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Kim AR, Sankaran VG. Development of autologous blood cell therapies. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:887-94. [PMID: 27345108 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and blood cell transfusions are performed commonly in patients with a variety of blood disorders. Unfortunately, these donor-derived cell therapies are constrained due to limited supplies, infectious risk factors, a lack of appropriately matched donors, and the risk of immunologic complications from such products. The use of autologous cell therapies has been proposed to overcome these shortcomings. One can derive such therapies directly from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells of individuals, which can then be manipulated ex vivo to produce the desired modifications or differentiated to produce a particular target population. Alternatively, pluripotent stem cells, which have a theoretically unlimited self-renewal capacity and an ability to differentiate into any desired cell type, can be used as an autologous starting source for such manipulation and differentiation approaches. Such cell products can also be used as a delivery vehicle for therapeutics. In this review, we highlight recent advances and discuss ongoing challenges for the in vitro generation of autologous hematopoietic cells that can be used for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Ram Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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